Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.023
R. Vasilyeva, E.A. Rozhina
The Russian economy is often characterized by dependence on the extraction of natural resources, which leads to high risks in the event of an unstable situation in the international market and volatility in commodity prices. Modern literature notes the significant role of economic diversification in leveling risks for the national economy, which confirms the relevance of the problem and the need to study the determinants of economic diversification. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the ethnic diversity of Russian regions on the diversification of the economy. At the same time, the effect of this influence is differentiated based on the results of quantile regression by separating regions with a high, medium, and low level of economic diversification. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the ethno-cultural heterogeneity of the regions of the Russian Federation contributes to the diversification of their economy. The regions of Russia differ to a large extent in terms of socio-economic indicators, as well as the national composition. At the same time, different ethnic groups have their own religion, language and traditions, which affects both the conduct of economic activity and the characteristics of production. For econometric modeling, panel data were used for 85 regions of Russia for the period 2000–2019. For analysis, indicators of economic diversification and ethnic diversity were calculated based on the Theil decomposition index and the ethnolinguistic fractionalization index, respectively. Taking into account the high heteroscedasticity in regional data, the method of single-stage quantile regression is used. The results of the study indicate the negative impact of the ethnic diversity index and the number of official languages on the diversification of the economy. However, the indicator of the number of major religions contributes to economic diversification. The results obtained complement the existing literature on economic diversification and ethnic diversity in the context of Russian regions, and can be used to develop public policy in the field of supporting national minorities and expanding economic diversity in Russia.
{"title":"Econometric Modeling of the Impact of Ethnic Diversity on Economic Diversification: Analysis of Russian Regions","authors":"R. Vasilyeva, E.A. Rozhina","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.023","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian economy is often characterized by dependence on the extraction of natural resources, which leads to high risks in the event of an unstable situation in the international market and volatility in commodity prices. Modern literature notes the significant role of economic diversification in leveling risks for the national economy, which confirms the relevance of the problem and the need to study the determinants of economic diversification. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of the ethnic diversity of Russian regions on the diversification of the economy. At the same time, the effect of this influence is differentiated based on the results of quantile regression by separating regions with a high, medium, and low level of economic diversification. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that the ethno-cultural heterogeneity of the regions of the Russian Federation contributes to the diversification of their economy. The regions of Russia differ to a large extent in terms of socio-economic indicators, as well as the national composition. At the same time, different ethnic groups have their own religion, language and traditions, which affects both the conduct of economic activity and the characteristics of production. For econometric modeling, panel data were used for 85 regions of Russia for the period 2000–2019. For analysis, indicators of economic diversification and ethnic diversity were calculated based on the Theil decomposition index and the ethnolinguistic fractionalization index, respectively. Taking into account the high heteroscedasticity in regional data, the method of single-stage quantile regression is used. The results of the study indicate the negative impact of the ethnic diversity index and the number of official languages on the diversification of the economy. However, the indicator of the number of major religions contributes to economic diversification. The results obtained complement the existing literature on economic diversification and ethnic diversity in the context of Russian regions, and can be used to develop public policy in the field of supporting national minorities and expanding economic diversity in Russia.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78871935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.007
X. Dai, A. Pogorletskiy, E. N. Timchenko
The article is devoted to the assessment of historical experience, modern solutions and prospects for the use of tax instruments to influence the cultural industry as a creative component of national economic systems, as well as the world economy. The purpose of the article is to conduct a critical analysis of the significance of fiscal measures to promote the development of culture both at the pre-digital stage of the formation of the system of world economic relations, and in the modern digital world. The article verifies two hypotheses: (H1) the postulate about the need for tax support for culture in order to obtain noticeable material and intangible results of the cultural industry in the context of the transition to a digital economy; (H2) the assumption that tax incentives stimulate research and development activities in the cultural industry. The authors reveal the consistency and continuity of the use of appropriate methods throughout the history of the development of human civilization in civilizations and states of different degrees and levels of their economic and institutional development. It is concluded that from the time of the emergence of ancient classical states to the present, the tools of tax policy necessarily include mechanisms of tax benefits in the cultural industry. At the same time, the fiscal function of taxes in the sphere of culture is insignificant in terms of its economic consequences; the highest priority here is given to tax incentive measures, which include, first and foremost, corresponding tax benefits. The importance of tax incentives as leading instruments in this context is empirically substantiated by the example of China. In the modern digital world, the cultural industry is under the influence of regulatory tax measures that are transforming under new conditions, which include both innovative taxes (a tax on digital services) and new forms of fiscal interaction (interstate cooperation that has spread to the field of cultural interaction in the field of activities of transnational corporations in the digital sector).
{"title":"Critical Analysis of the Significance of Tax Incentives for the Cultural Industry in the Pre-digital Era and in the Context of Digitalization","authors":"X. Dai, A. Pogorletskiy, E. N. Timchenko","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the assessment of historical experience, modern solutions and prospects for the use of tax instruments to influence the cultural industry as a creative component of national economic systems, as well as the world economy. The purpose of the article is to conduct a critical analysis of the significance of fiscal measures to promote the development of culture both at the pre-digital stage of the formation of the system of world economic relations, and in the modern digital world. The article verifies two hypotheses: (H1) the postulate about the need for tax support for culture in order to obtain noticeable material and intangible results of the cultural industry in the context of the transition to a digital economy; (H2) the assumption that tax incentives stimulate research and development activities in the cultural industry. The authors reveal the consistency and continuity of the use of appropriate methods throughout the history of the development of human civilization in civilizations and states of different degrees and levels of their economic and institutional development. It is concluded that from the time of the emergence of ancient classical states to the present, the tools of tax policy necessarily include mechanisms of tax benefits in the cultural industry. At the same time, the fiscal function of taxes in the sphere of culture is insignificant in terms of its economic consequences; the highest priority here is given to tax incentive measures, which include, first and foremost, corresponding tax benefits. The importance of tax incentives as leading instruments in this context is empirically substantiated by the example of China. In the modern digital world, the cultural industry is under the influence of regulatory tax measures that are transforming under new conditions, which include both innovative taxes (a tax on digital services) and new forms of fiscal interaction (interstate cooperation that has spread to the field of cultural interaction in the field of activities of transnational corporations in the digital sector).","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79037286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.019
E. V. Orlova
This paper develops the hypothesis that social capital as a structural component of human capital affects a person's ability to form innovative solutions over their labor activity. In order to fully substantiate this hypothesis, not only empirical confirmation is required, but also an essential (economic) explanation and interpretation. The paper identifies and substantiates the cause-and-effect factors of the transformation of social capital as an integrative personal characteristic into their innovativeness, determined by a group of indicators of creativity, risk appetite and strategic thinking. The research materials are the data obtained by interviewing the employees of the enterprise. A technology has been developed for assessing the social capital of an enterprise employee, taking into account the factors of interpersonal and institutional trust, involvement in social networks and labor values, based on statistical processing of data representing objective information about the employee and subjective information obtained as a result of the survey, and allowing for a comparative analysis of employees in positions of their social capital. The research methods are system analysis and synthesis, methods of statistical analysis and modeling, the method of cognitive structuring. Based on the processing of the survey results and taking into account additional objective information about employees, the social capital was assessed and its influence on the innovativeness of the employee was modeled. It is shown that the main determinant of innovativeness is interpersonal and institutional trust, as well as social networks and connections. It was revealed that the cumulative influence of social capital on the innovativeness of the individual is positive and statistically significant. The economic mechanisms of the influence of social capital factors are formed, which explains their differentiating influence on the employee's innovativeness. The essential features of the transformational transitions of social capital factors through labor relations into the accumulation of human capital, the growth of value added and enterprise profits are determined. The proposed methodology and mechanisms can be used in the management decision support system in the field of human resource management, and will contribute to the company efficiency growth.
{"title":"Impact of Companies' Social Capital on Person's Innovativeness in Russia: Economic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Tools","authors":"E. V. Orlova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops the hypothesis that social capital as a structural component of human capital affects a person's ability to form innovative solutions over their labor activity. In order to fully substantiate this hypothesis, not only empirical confirmation is required, but also an essential (economic) explanation and interpretation. The paper identifies and substantiates the cause-and-effect factors of the transformation of social capital as an integrative personal characteristic into their innovativeness, determined by a group of indicators of creativity, risk appetite and strategic thinking. The research materials are the data obtained by interviewing the employees of the enterprise. A technology has been developed for assessing the social capital of an enterprise employee, taking into account the factors of interpersonal and institutional trust, involvement in social networks and labor values, based on statistical processing of data representing objective information about the employee and subjective information obtained as a result of the survey, and allowing for a comparative analysis of employees in positions of their social capital. The research methods are system analysis and synthesis, methods of statistical analysis and modeling, the method of cognitive structuring. Based on the processing of the survey results and taking into account additional objective information about employees, the social capital was assessed and its influence on the innovativeness of the employee was modeled. It is shown that the main determinant of innovativeness is interpersonal and institutional trust, as well as social networks and connections. It was revealed that the cumulative influence of social capital on the innovativeness of the individual is positive and statistically significant. The economic mechanisms of the influence of social capital factors are formed, which explains their differentiating influence on the employee's innovativeness. The essential features of the transformational transitions of social capital factors through labor relations into the accumulation of human capital, the growth of value added and enterprise profits are determined. The proposed methodology and mechanisms can be used in the management decision support system in the field of human resource management, and will contribute to the company efficiency growth.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73697550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.002
O. Zabelina, M. V. Sergeeva
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all areas of society. Among the most tangible consequences of the “coronacrisis” in Russia, one can single out a decrease in the number of employed people and a drop in incomes of the population in 2020. The high speed of the spread of the coronavirus has determined the need for the introduction of prompt measures to combat COVID-19, as well as supportive measures for both the population and businesses. Despite the scale and breadth of the measures of state support implemented in 2020, the question of methods for assessing their effectiveness is acute. The purpose of the study is to assess the inclusiveness of economic growth in the Russian Federation in the context of COVID-19 in the areas of state support for employment and income of the population. The following hypotheses are being tested: 1) the inclusiveness of economic growth in terms of employment and income of the population has decreased in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) measures of state support for employment and incomes of the population made it possible to mitigate the drop in the value of the inclusiveness of economic growth. A new approach to analyze the effectiveness of public policy measures is suggested, on the basis of the author's dynamic approach to assessing the inclusiveness of economic growth. The proposed methodological approach is being tested for the case of analysis of the effect of state support measures in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and incomes of the population. The increase in state welfare funding in 2020 compared to the modeled value made it possible to reduce the level of decline in the inclusiveness of economic growth (by 0.16 points), as a result of which this indicator in the areas of employment and income of the population decreased in 2020 by only 0.11 points. The results indicate relative effectiveness of the support measures adopted by the government that showed in mitigating the pandemic-induced fall in the inclusiveness of economic growth in 2020. The hypotheses under study were confirmed. The practical significance of this study lies in the proposal of a new dynamic approach to assessing the inclusiveness of economic growth, which can be used as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the state policy pursued both at the federal and regional levels.
{"title":"Inclusive economic growth through employment and income: Experience of the Russian Federation","authors":"O. Zabelina, M. V. Sergeeva","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all areas of society. Among the most tangible consequences of the “coronacrisis” in Russia, one can single out a decrease in the number of employed people and a drop in incomes of the population in 2020. The high speed of the spread of the coronavirus has determined the need for the introduction of prompt measures to combat COVID-19, as well as supportive measures for both the population and businesses. Despite the scale and breadth of the measures of state support implemented in 2020, the question of methods for assessing their effectiveness is acute. The purpose of the study is to assess the inclusiveness of economic growth in the Russian Federation in the context of COVID-19 in the areas of state support for employment and income of the population. The following hypotheses are being tested: 1) the inclusiveness of economic growth in terms of employment and income of the population has decreased in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) measures of state support for employment and incomes of the population made it possible to mitigate the drop in the value of the inclusiveness of economic growth. A new approach to analyze the effectiveness of public policy measures is suggested, on the basis of the author's dynamic approach to assessing the inclusiveness of economic growth. The proposed methodological approach is being tested for the case of analysis of the effect of state support measures in Russia in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and incomes of the population. The increase in state welfare funding in 2020 compared to the modeled value made it possible to reduce the level of decline in the inclusiveness of economic growth (by 0.16 points), as a result of which this indicator in the areas of employment and income of the population decreased in 2020 by only 0.11 points. The results indicate relative effectiveness of the support measures adopted by the government that showed in mitigating the pandemic-induced fall in the inclusiveness of economic growth in 2020. The hypotheses under study were confirmed. The practical significance of this study lies in the proposal of a new dynamic approach to assessing the inclusiveness of economic growth, which can be used as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the state policy pursued both at the federal and regional levels.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86875817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.003
O. Chernova
Achieving sustainable development of the coal industry is of strategic importance for ensuring national security. The purpose of the article is to identify stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry associated with the current objective trends in the Russian and world economies. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that understanding the stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry makes it possible to form industrial policy directions to prevent the development or minimize the consequences of existing negative trends that weaken the industry's potential in the long term. The novelty of the study is expressed in the approach to the analysis of sustainable development factors, since most researchers do not separate risk factors and stress factors. When describing stress factors, the following groups were identified: financial, human, technological, political, and environmental. In the study of stress factors, a context-oriented approach was used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the main stress factors for the sustainable development of the Russian coal industry are associated not only with the implementation of decarbonization programs for world economies, but also with a number of intra-system problems in the development of the industry. Among the latter, the problems of reducing domestic consumption of coal, increasing freight rates for rail transportation, a high degree of import dependence of coal mining against the background of a low level of innovative potential of domestic engineering, the presence of personnel problems in coal mining, etc. The Russian government's Program 2035 does not take into account a number of stress factors caused by the current trends in the development of interconnected and related industries and areas of activity. Proceeding from this, measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of the development of the coal industry are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need to identify and assess stress factors in the formation of industrial policy directions. The practical results of the study can be used to develop measures to strengthen the long-term sustainability of the coal industry and the choice of tools to respond to risks provoked by stress factors.
{"title":"Stressful Factors of Sustainable Development of the Russian Coal Industry","authors":"O. Chernova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.003","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainable development of the coal industry is of strategic importance for ensuring national security. The purpose of the article is to identify stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry associated with the current objective trends in the Russian and world economies. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption that understanding the stress factors for the sustainable development of the coal industry makes it possible to form industrial policy directions to prevent the development or minimize the consequences of existing negative trends that weaken the industry's potential in the long term. The novelty of the study is expressed in the approach to the analysis of sustainable development factors, since most researchers do not separate risk factors and stress factors. When describing stress factors, the following groups were identified: financial, human, technological, political, and environmental. In the study of stress factors, a context-oriented approach was used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the main stress factors for the sustainable development of the Russian coal industry are associated not only with the implementation of decarbonization programs for world economies, but also with a number of intra-system problems in the development of the industry. Among the latter, the problems of reducing domestic consumption of coal, increasing freight rates for rail transportation, a high degree of import dependence of coal mining against the background of a low level of innovative potential of domestic engineering, the presence of personnel problems in coal mining, etc. The Russian government's Program 2035 does not take into account a number of stress factors caused by the current trends in the development of interconnected and related industries and areas of activity. Proceeding from this, measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of the development of the coal industry are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need to identify and assess stress factors in the formation of industrial policy directions. The practical results of the study can be used to develop measures to strengthen the long-term sustainability of the coal industry and the choice of tools to respond to risks provoked by stress factors.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87426649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.018
V. Timiryanova, K. Grishin, N. Solodilova, R. Malikov
The unevenness of economic development is revealed at all levels of administrative-territorial administration and is an integral feature of the economic space as a whole. The relevance of the study is determined by the unresolved issues of ensuring long-term sustainable growth, determining the optimal level of unevenness that contributes to the effective growth of the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for variation in the economic growth of Russian municipalities in space and time. The hypothesis of the study is that the uneven economic growth of municipalities is determined simultaneously by the contextual characteristics of the regions in which they are included, and the characteristics of individual time periods. The emphasis is on intergroup and intragroup differences determined by the determinants of time and the hierarchical relationship of administrative territorial units of management within a hierarchical linear model with cross-classified random effects. The study was conducted on the data of 2,016 municipalities in the context of 75 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the period 2015-2019. The results of the study show that 68.4% of the total variation of municipalities in terms of the volume of shipped goods, works, services for 2015-2019. due to differences in municipalities, 18.9% - the characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 0.1% - the determinants of time. The new results of the study are the concretization of the influence of well-known growth factors in relation to individual levels of the territorial hierarchy, as well as the rationale for the inter-level interaction of factors. It is shown that the relationship between investment and production at the municipal level should be considered in conjunction with the share of the extractive industry, and the relationship between wages and production, taking into account the share of agriculture in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained indicate the presence of regional features, manifested in intermunicipal and interregional spatio-temporal variation, and emphasize the importance of both municipal and regional factors for ensuring the growth of the economy of municipalities. They can be used in the development of recommendations for improving state policy in the field of municipal and regional government.
{"title":"Economic Growth of Municipalities in Russia: Assessment of Unevenness in Time and Space","authors":"V. Timiryanova, K. Grishin, N. Solodilova, R. Malikov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.3.018","url":null,"abstract":"The unevenness of economic development is revealed at all levels of administrative-territorial administration and is an integral feature of the economic space as a whole. The relevance of the study is determined by the unresolved issues of ensuring long-term sustainable growth, determining the optimal level of unevenness that contributes to the effective growth of the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the work is to identify the conditions for variation in the economic growth of Russian municipalities in space and time. The hypothesis of the study is that the uneven economic growth of municipalities is determined simultaneously by the contextual characteristics of the regions in which they are included, and the characteristics of individual time periods. The emphasis is on intergroup and intragroup differences determined by the determinants of time and the hierarchical relationship of administrative territorial units of management within a hierarchical linear model with cross-classified random effects. The study was conducted on the data of 2,016 municipalities in the context of 75 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the period 2015-2019. The results of the study show that 68.4% of the total variation of municipalities in terms of the volume of shipped goods, works, services for 2015-2019. due to differences in municipalities, 18.9% - the characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 0.1% - the determinants of time. The new results of the study are the concretization of the influence of well-known growth factors in relation to individual levels of the territorial hierarchy, as well as the rationale for the inter-level interaction of factors. It is shown that the relationship between investment and production at the municipal level should be considered in conjunction with the share of the extractive industry, and the relationship between wages and production, taking into account the share of agriculture in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The results obtained indicate the presence of regional features, manifested in intermunicipal and interregional spatio-temporal variation, and emphasize the importance of both municipal and regional factors for ensuring the growth of the economy of municipalities. They can be used in the development of recommendations for improving state policy in the field of municipal and regional government.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83937349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.005
K. Semyachkov
Digitalization processes are penetrating deeper into various areas of urbanized territories, being a factor affecting the quality of life of the local population. One of the promising approaches for the development of urban areas in the context of digitalization is the concept of the smart city. Despite the significant popularity of the smart city concept among the scientific community, as well as municipal authorities, the impact of digitalization processes on the development of the urban environment, as well as the possibility of using digital technologies to solve emerging problems in the economic, social, and environmental spheres, has been studied very little. The aim of the study is to determine the dependencies between the implementation of smart city model initiatives and the development of individual subsystems of the urban environment. The paper shows that a significant part of modern research is of theoretical, descriptive nature, while there is a shortage of empirical research, the main purpose of which would be to identify quantitative patterns in the development of smart cities, which would contribute to the development of economic and mathematical approaches to the study of urbanized territories in the conditions of formation digital society. The research method used by the authors is correlation analysis. Using the cases of 118 cities from the Smart City Index 2021, prepared by the Singapore Institute of Technology and Design, the relationship between the implementation of ideas for the digitalization of the urban environment and improving the quality of individual components of the urban environment is shown. As a result of the study, strong correlations were identified between the introduction of digital technologies in the main areas of the urban economy and the development of the urban environment, the hypothesis about the impact of digitalization processes on the development of certain areas of management within urban areas was confirmed, relationships between the development of smart solutions within the urban environment and changes in quality were shown. life of the local population. The results obtained can become the basis for further research in the development of smart cities, as well as applied tools for the implementation of plans and strategies for the development of urban areas.
{"title":"Assessment of the Impact of Smart City Initiatives on the Development of Urbanized Territories","authors":"K. Semyachkov","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization processes are penetrating deeper into various areas of urbanized territories, being a factor affecting the quality of life of the local population. One of the promising approaches for the development of urban areas in the context of digitalization is the concept of the smart city. Despite the significant popularity of the smart city concept among the scientific community, as well as municipal authorities, the impact of digitalization processes on the development of the urban environment, as well as the possibility of using digital technologies to solve emerging problems in the economic, social, and environmental spheres, has been studied very little. The aim of the study is to determine the dependencies between the implementation of smart city model initiatives and the development of individual subsystems of the urban environment. The paper shows that a significant part of modern research is of theoretical, descriptive nature, while there is a shortage of empirical research, the main purpose of which would be to identify quantitative patterns in the development of smart cities, which would contribute to the development of economic and mathematical approaches to the study of urbanized territories in the conditions of formation digital society. The research method used by the authors is correlation analysis. Using the cases of 118 cities from the Smart City Index 2021, prepared by the Singapore Institute of Technology and Design, the relationship between the implementation of ideas for the digitalization of the urban environment and improving the quality of individual components of the urban environment is shown. As a result of the study, strong correlations were identified between the introduction of digital technologies in the main areas of the urban economy and the development of the urban environment, the hypothesis about the impact of digitalization processes on the development of certain areas of management within urban areas was confirmed, relationships between the development of smart solutions within the urban environment and changes in quality were shown. life of the local population. The results obtained can become the basis for further research in the development of smart cities, as well as applied tools for the implementation of plans and strategies for the development of urban areas.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83229870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.014
D. Ruban
In contemporary corporations, managers have to embrace artificial intelligence and to focus on ecologization processes. Modern researchers pay significant attention to various aspects of corporate ethics, including those linked to the two noted challenges (AI ethics and eco-ethics). However, in most cases they are considered separately, whereas the relative behavior norms are actually connected. A new phenomenon can be labeled as AI-eco-ethics. The objective of the present investigation is the analytical reviewing of the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance. The hypothesis is that previous studies characterize this conjugation sufficiently well. The analytical procedure includes finding articles from international journals dealing with AI-eco-ethics in the bibliographical database "Scopus" and systematizing the ideas from those articles by means of their attribution to common topics. The results indicate the diversity of the previous studies of AI-eco-ethics. The topics are the general questions of AI-eco-ethics, artificial intelligence as a new opportunity for eco-ethics development, the factor of sustainability in AI-eco-ethics, corporate interests in AI-eco-ethics and artificial intelligence as a challenge to eco-ethics. The polarity between the researchers' opinions is expressed sharply, and many of them doubt the positive influences of artificial intelligence on corporate eco-ethics. Reference to the ethic codes of the largest world's corporations implies very limited reflection of AI-ethic norms in them. However, when present, these norms co-occur with eco-ethical prescriptions. The results of the analytical review reveal prospects for the conceptualizing of AI-eco-ethics, which is of theoretical importance. From the practical point of view, the results emphasize the necessity of improving the quality and widening the breadth of managerial education, and also the development of inter-organizational cooperation and communication. The undertaken investigation clearly observes the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance, although the chosen hypothesis is confirmed only in part.
{"title":"Analytical Review of Conjugation of the Ethical Bases of Artificial Intelligence Implementation and Ecologization in Corporate Governance","authors":"D. Ruban","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.014","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary corporations, managers have to embrace artificial intelligence and to focus on ecologization processes. Modern researchers pay significant attention to various aspects of corporate ethics, including those linked to the two noted challenges (AI ethics and eco-ethics). However, in most cases they are considered separately, whereas the relative behavior norms are actually connected. A new phenomenon can be labeled as AI-eco-ethics. The objective of the present investigation is the analytical reviewing of the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance. The hypothesis is that previous studies characterize this conjugation sufficiently well. The analytical procedure includes finding articles from international journals dealing with AI-eco-ethics in the bibliographical database \"Scopus\" and systematizing the ideas from those articles by means of their attribution to common topics. The results indicate the diversity of the previous studies of AI-eco-ethics. The topics are the general questions of AI-eco-ethics, artificial intelligence as a new opportunity for eco-ethics development, the factor of sustainability in AI-eco-ethics, corporate interests in AI-eco-ethics and artificial intelligence as a challenge to eco-ethics. The polarity between the researchers' opinions is expressed sharply, and many of them doubt the positive influences of artificial intelligence on corporate eco-ethics. Reference to the ethic codes of the largest world's corporations implies very limited reflection of AI-ethic norms in them. However, when present, these norms co-occur with eco-ethical prescriptions. The results of the analytical review reveal prospects for the conceptualizing of AI-eco-ethics, which is of theoretical importance. From the practical point of view, the results emphasize the necessity of improving the quality and widening the breadth of managerial education, and also the development of inter-organizational cooperation and communication. The undertaken investigation clearly observes the conjugation of the ethical basis of artificial intelligence implementation and ecologization in corporate governance, although the chosen hypothesis is confirmed only in part.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86759684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.024
Y. Myslyakova
Developing an effective strategy for the scientific and technological development of the national economy is a difficult task, especially for the Russian Federation that is known for its interregional distortions. Therefore, the innovation path of each industrial region should be individualized, the territorial predisposition to the development should be taken into account and technological solutions should be launched, which will make it possible to form effective mechanisms of institutional support for the innovation activity of specific territories. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that the hereditary determinants of the industrial region determine the individual features of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the individualization of regional strategies for the scientific and technological development of the industrial economy, taking into account hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of the territories. To achieve the goal, the theoretical and methodological features of the individualization of strategies related to the target guideline were clarified, including targeted programs that take into account the historically established features of the territories; stages, and the strategy for the development of the national economy was added to the general scheme. The methodological basis of the author's strategic individualization is the Markov chain construction toolkit, which allows one to determine the innovative differentiation of regions on the basis of the identification of mutations in production, social and institutional determinants,. The testing of the tools made it possible to establish that industrial regions have a hereditary predisposition to scientific and technological development. The strategies of the regions of the North-Western Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District should stimulate accelerated innovation, and the regions of the Southern Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Central Federal District to ensure smooth innovation of the industrial economy. The article also defines the place of the process of individualization of regional strategies in the general concept of achieving basic priorities for the scientific and technological development of the national economy, which ensures the formation of a new innovation policy of the country. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of an evolutionary-genetic approach to the development of strategies for the scientific and technological development of industrial regions, expanding the understanding of their individualization in the context of accounting for hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of territories. The applied significance of the scientific results of the study consists in expanding the assessment mechanisms used by state and reg
{"title":"Strategic Individualization of Scientific and Technical Development of the Economy of Industrial Regions of Russia Taking into Account their Hereditary Determinants","authors":"Y. Myslyakova","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.024","url":null,"abstract":"Developing an effective strategy for the scientific and technological development of the national economy is a difficult task, especially for the Russian Federation that is known for its interregional distortions. Therefore, the innovation path of each industrial region should be individualized, the territorial predisposition to the development should be taken into account and technological solutions should be launched, which will make it possible to form effective mechanisms of institutional support for the innovation activity of specific territories. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that the hereditary determinants of the industrial region determine the individual features of the strategy of scientific and technological development. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to the individualization of regional strategies for the scientific and technological development of the industrial economy, taking into account hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of the territories. To achieve the goal, the theoretical and methodological features of the individualization of strategies related to the target guideline were clarified, including targeted programs that take into account the historically established features of the territories; stages, and the strategy for the development of the national economy was added to the general scheme. The methodological basis of the author's strategic individualization is the Markov chain construction toolkit, which allows one to determine the innovative differentiation of regions on the basis of the identification of mutations in production, social and institutional determinants,. The testing of the tools made it possible to establish that industrial regions have a hereditary predisposition to scientific and technological development. The strategies of the regions of the North-Western Federal District, the Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District should stimulate accelerated innovation, and the regions of the Southern Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Central Federal District to ensure smooth innovation of the industrial economy. The article also defines the place of the process of individualization of regional strategies in the general concept of achieving basic priorities for the scientific and technological development of the national economy, which ensures the formation of a new innovation policy of the country. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development of an evolutionary-genetic approach to the development of strategies for the scientific and technological development of industrial regions, expanding the understanding of their individualization in the context of accounting for hereditary determinants responsible for the innovative predisposition of territories. The applied significance of the scientific results of the study consists in expanding the assessment mechanisms used by state and reg","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90709020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.025
N. Starodubets, Yu.O. Grishchenko, I. Belik, N. Nikulina
Concern about the problem of anthropogenic climate change has led to the active development of various tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One such tool to combat carbon leakage is the carbon border adjustment mechanism, which was adopted by the European Union in 2021. Starting in 2026, carbon payments will affect all exporters of carbon-intensive products to the EU. The purpose of the article is an economic assessment of the consequences of the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism for the regional industrial complex by studying the case of the Sverdlovsk region. The hypothesis of the study is to substantiate the need to take into account the economic losses of enterprises from carbon regulation measures in the formation of regional and country strategies for low-carbon development. An overview of carbon regulation tools is made, and the place of the carbon border adjustment mechanism is shown. A detailed description of the calculation procedure is given. An economic assessment of potential losses for enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region from the introduction of transboundary carbon regulation was carried out according to three scenarios for determining the carbon intensity of products: by actual values (scenario 1); according to average Russian values (scenario 2); according to the worst 10% EU installations (scenario 3). The results showed that annual payments for the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region would amount to 73.7 million euros (scenario 1), 95.4 million euros (scenario 2), 73.0 million euros (scenario 3). In the current situation, scenario 2 is the most probable, in which the most progressive enterprises in terms of applied technologies would suffer the maximum losses. To minimize payments, it is proposed to introduce a methodology for accounting for greenhouse gas emissions in the context of manufactured products, develop in-country tools for carbon regulation, and stimulate the introduction of low-carbon technologies. The tools proposed by the authors can be used by employees of enterprises to assess the expected costs of introducing carbon regulation. Also, the toolkit can be used by regional decision makers to assess the losses of the region's budget and changes in the structure of exports due to transboundary carbon regulation, and to justify financial support measures for enterprises.
{"title":"Economic Assessment of the Consequences of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Introduction for the Regional Industrial Complex (on the Example of the Sverdlovsk Region)","authors":"N. Starodubets, Yu.O. Grishchenko, I. Belik, N. Nikulina","doi":"10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.4.025","url":null,"abstract":"Concern about the problem of anthropogenic climate change has led to the active development of various tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One such tool to combat carbon leakage is the carbon border adjustment mechanism, which was adopted by the European Union in 2021. Starting in 2026, carbon payments will affect all exporters of carbon-intensive products to the EU. The purpose of the article is an economic assessment of the consequences of the introduction of the carbon border adjustment mechanism for the regional industrial complex by studying the case of the Sverdlovsk region. The hypothesis of the study is to substantiate the need to take into account the economic losses of enterprises from carbon regulation measures in the formation of regional and country strategies for low-carbon development. An overview of carbon regulation tools is made, and the place of the carbon border adjustment mechanism is shown. A detailed description of the calculation procedure is given. An economic assessment of potential losses for enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region from the introduction of transboundary carbon regulation was carried out according to three scenarios for determining the carbon intensity of products: by actual values (scenario 1); according to average Russian values (scenario 2); according to the worst 10% EU installations (scenario 3). The results showed that annual payments for the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region would amount to 73.7 million euros (scenario 1), 95.4 million euros (scenario 2), 73.0 million euros (scenario 3). In the current situation, scenario 2 is the most probable, in which the most progressive enterprises in terms of applied technologies would suffer the maximum losses. To minimize payments, it is proposed to introduce a methodology for accounting for greenhouse gas emissions in the context of manufactured products, develop in-country tools for carbon regulation, and stimulate the introduction of low-carbon technologies. The tools proposed by the authors can be used by employees of enterprises to assess the expected costs of introducing carbon regulation. Also, the toolkit can be used by regional decision makers to assess the losses of the region's budget and changes in the structure of exports due to transboundary carbon regulation, and to justify financial support measures for enterprises.","PeriodicalId":44290,"journal":{"name":"Margin-Journal of Applied Economic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82658105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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