Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107742
Mengmeng Jiang , Kai Zhang , Wenxue Zhu , Wenfu Wu , Xiangjun Wang , YuQi Cheng , CuiYun Che , YuGe Liu
To investigate the effect of ultrasound on the cooking time of Coix seed, this study compared changes in the pasting properties of Coix seed under different ultrasonic times (0, 10, 20, and 30 min), and clarified the mechanism of ultrasound improving the cooking properties of Coix seed by analyzing the changes in starch structure and physicochemical properties. The results showed that cooking time decreased significantly as the ultrasonic time increased, with a 35% reduction in cooking time after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment compared to untreated Coix seeds. Ultrasound treatment induced the formation of visible pores on Coix seed starch surfaces. The significant increase in granule size was attributed to granule swelling and physical agglomeration caused by structural loosening. Crystallinity decreased from 27.56% to 20.41%, and the short-range order (R1047/1022) dropped from 2.074 to 1.535. Thermal analysis revealed a reduction in gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) from 14.82 to 13.47 J/g and a lower energy barrier for gelatinization. Regarding physicochemical properties, ultrasonically treated Coix seed starch exhibited increased solubility and swelling power, while demonstrating decreased peak viscosity and final viscosity. Furthermore, rheological measurements showed that the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) at 10 Hz decreased by approximately 34%. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment significantly shortened the cooking time of Coix seeds, demonstrating its potential as an effective strategy for pre-gelatinization processing.
{"title":"The effect of ultrasonic treatment on the physicochemical and pasting properties of pre-gelatinized Coix seed starch","authors":"Mengmeng Jiang , Kai Zhang , Wenxue Zhu , Wenfu Wu , Xiangjun Wang , YuQi Cheng , CuiYun Che , YuGe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the effect of ultrasound on the cooking time of Coix seed, this study compared changes in the pasting properties of Coix seed under different ultrasonic times (0, 10, 20, and 30 min), and clarified the mechanism of ultrasound improving the cooking properties of Coix seed by analyzing the changes in starch structure and physicochemical properties. The results showed that cooking time decreased significantly as the ultrasonic time increased, with a 35% reduction in cooking time after 30 min of ultrasonic treatment compared to untreated Coix seeds. Ultrasound treatment induced the formation of visible pores on Coix seed starch surfaces. The significant increase in granule size was attributed to granule swelling and physical agglomeration caused by structural loosening. Crystallinity decreased from 27.56% to 20.41%, and the short-range order (R<sub>1047/1022</sub>) dropped from 2.074 to 1.535. Thermal analysis revealed a reduction in gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) from 14.82 to 13.47 J/g and a lower energy barrier for gelatinization. Regarding physicochemical properties, ultrasonically treated Coix seed starch exhibited increased solubility and swelling power, while demonstrating decreased peak viscosity and final viscosity. Furthermore, rheological measurements showed that the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) at 10 Hz decreased by approximately 34%. In conclusion, ultrasonic treatment significantly shortened the cooking time of Coix seeds, demonstrating its potential as an effective strategy for pre-gelatinization processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107742"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107748
Yingjian Liu , Yushan Mo , Jinxiu Wei , Haoxuan Li , Dingjin Li , Mubo Song
{"title":"Ultrasound power modulates Maillard-induced conjugate structure for controlled release of cinnamon essential oil and enhanced preservation of grapes","authors":"Yingjian Liu , Yushan Mo , Jinxiu Wei , Haoxuan Li , Dingjin Li , Mubo Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107748"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107743
Yuyang Huang , Zhenxiao Wang , Yaqi Lu , Bin Zhu , Jiyuan Liu , Baokun Qi , Bingyu Sun
This study constructed various polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsions and investigated their delivery efficacy for β-carotene. Soybean oil body emulsions (USOB) were prepared via high-shear and ultrasound treatments, with three polysaccharides (chitosan, guar gum, and ι-carrageenan) added to enhance emulsion stability under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 and 5.0). Polysaccharides with different charge characteristics result in distinct particle size and zeta potential for the complex emulsion at pH 3 and pH 5. The incorporation of polysaccharides improved the rheological properties of the emulsion, indicated by increased apparent viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus. At pH 3, carrageenan elevated interfacial protein content from 69.29% to 93.48%. At pH 5, chitosan significantly increased interfacial protein content from 81.40% to 92.89% (p < 0.05). Additionally, polysaccharides induce structure changes in interfacial proteins, and surface hydrophobicity decreases. Polysaccharides improve the environmental stability of USOB, but guar gum-oil body complex emulsions are susceptible to the influence of salt ions and temperature. Polysaccharides significantly improved the encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene in emulsions under acidic conditions, particularly at pH 5 (p < 0.05). In vitro digestion indicated that polysaccharides inhibit the digestion of USOB in the gastrointestinal tract by forming interfacial barriers, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of β-carotene (p < 0.05). In summary, the polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsion demonstrates significant potential for delivering lipophilic substances such as β-carotene.
{"title":"Stabilization and delivery performance of soybean oil body emulsions: the role of chitosan, guar gum, and ι-carrageenan in polysaccharide-based systems","authors":"Yuyang Huang , Zhenxiao Wang , Yaqi Lu , Bin Zhu , Jiyuan Liu , Baokun Qi , Bingyu Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study constructed various polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsions and investigated their delivery efficacy for β-carotene. Soybean oil body emulsions (USOB) were prepared via high-shear and ultrasound treatments, with three polysaccharides (chitosan, guar gum, and ι-carrageenan) added to enhance emulsion stability under acidic conditions (pH 3.0 and 5.0). Polysaccharides with different charge characteristics result in distinct particle size and zeta potential for the complex emulsion at pH 3 and pH 5. The incorporation of polysaccharides improved the rheological properties of the emulsion, indicated by increased apparent viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus. At pH 3, carrageenan elevated interfacial protein content from 69.29% to 93.48%. At pH 5, chitosan significantly increased interfacial protein content from 81.40% to 92.89% (p < 0.05). Additionally, polysaccharides induce structure changes in interfacial proteins, and surface hydrophobicity decreases. Polysaccharides improve the environmental stability of USOB, but guar gum-oil body complex emulsions are susceptible to the influence of salt ions and temperature. Polysaccharides significantly improved the encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene in emulsions under acidic conditions, particularly at pH 5 (p < 0.05). In vitro digestion indicated that polysaccharides inhibit the digestion of USOB in the gastrointestinal tract by forming interfacial barriers, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of β-carotene (p < 0.05). In summary, the polysaccharide-soybean oil body complex emulsion demonstrates significant potential for delivering lipophilic substances such as β-carotene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107743"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107732
Pengbo Wu , Shuaihui Sun , Pengcheng Guo , Haipeng Nan , Tao Wang , Xuezheng Zheng
This study systematically investigated the cavitation erosion resistance and failure mechanisms of 06Cr13Ni5Mo(S135) stainless steel and four coatings (HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-Cr3C237WC18, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, Laser-Clad(LC)) using ultrasonic cavitation testing. The cavitation weight losses of the HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-Cr3C237WC18, and LC coatings were 1.58, 0.88, 0.91, and 0.34 times that of the S135 stainless-steel substrate, respectively. Their surface roughness values were 5.43, 3.48, 2.30, and 0.56 times that of the substrate. Among the four coatings, the LC coating showed the lowest weight loss and the smallest roughness increase. The HVOF-WC10Co4Cr coating exhibited the poorest cavitation erosion resistance despite having the highest microhardness, which indicated that high hardness alone did not ensure superior performance. For the thermal spray coatings, pre-existing pores served as the primary initiation sites for damage. Fatigue cracks nucleated at these pores and propagated along inter-splat boundaries, leading to spallation. The HVAF-WC10Co4Cr coating, with 29% lower porosity than its HVOF counterpart, demonstrated significantly enhanced resistance. The LC coating had a unique lamellar stacking structure that effectively confined damage to the surface. However, the through-thickness cracks caused by process defects accelerated local delamination and resulted in funnel-shaped pits. These findings provide critical insights into the design and selection of cavitation-resistant coatings for hydraulic turbines.
{"title":"Cavitation erosion characteristics and mechanisms of hydraulic turbine substrates and their coatings","authors":"Pengbo Wu , Shuaihui Sun , Pengcheng Guo , Haipeng Nan , Tao Wang , Xuezheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigated the cavitation erosion resistance and failure mechanisms of 06Cr13Ni5Mo(S135) stainless steel and four coatings (HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>37WC18, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, Laser-Clad(LC)) using ultrasonic cavitation testing. The cavitation weight losses of the HVOF-WC10Co4Cr, HVAF-WC10Co4Cr, HVOF-Cr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>37WC18, and LC coatings were 1.58, 0.88, 0.91, and 0.34 times that of the S135 stainless-steel substrate, respectively. Their surface roughness values were 5.43, 3.48, 2.30, and 0.56 times that of the substrate. Among the four coatings, the LC coating showed the lowest weight loss and the smallest roughness increase. The HVOF-WC10Co4Cr coating exhibited the poorest cavitation erosion resistance despite having the highest microhardness, which indicated that high hardness alone did not ensure superior performance. For the thermal spray coatings, pre-existing pores served as the primary initiation sites for damage. Fatigue cracks nucleated at these pores and propagated along inter-splat boundaries, leading to spallation. The HVAF-WC10Co4Cr coating, with 29% lower porosity than its HVOF counterpart, demonstrated significantly enhanced resistance. The LC coating had a unique lamellar stacking structure that effectively confined damage to the surface. However, the through-thickness cracks caused by process defects accelerated local delamination and resulted in funnel-shaped pits. These findings provide critical insights into the design and selection of cavitation-resistant coatings for hydraulic turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107732"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107739
Yuyan Cai , Bo Xu , Qiuda Zheng , Phong K. Thai , Zhetai Hu , Jiabin Jin , Luhong Wen
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) production generates wastewater containing high level of morphine, codeine, and other opioids. Our field investigations at TCM factories revealed that existing activated sludge systems, though may be compliant for other chemicals, exhibit limited removal efficiency for these recalcitrant contaminants. Consecutive daily monitoring of effluent showed morphine persistently at concentrations ranging from 37,029–301,623 ng/L due to incomplete biodegradation, posing a significant disruption to aquatic environment and its further wastewater-based surveillance in public security. To address this challenge, we developed an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation-ozonation system (HC/O3), incorporating a novel negative-pressure reactor configuration. Under optimized conditions (1.5 L/min ozone inflow, 4 mg/L ozone concentration), the system achieved 94% removal of morphine within one hour, with a synergy index of 1.46 demonstrating remarkable process enhancement. Distinct from prior laboratory-scale investigations limited to model pollutants, this work validated HC/O3 performance treating six psychoactive substances in compositionally variable TCM wastewater, demonstrating scalability and robustness under real-world operating conditions. Over a 5-day continuous trial with variable influent compositions, the HC/O3 system demonstrated robust adaptability, consistently achieving 99.9% removal of morphine and thebaine within 3 h, specifically at 94% removal for morphine-specific reduction within first hour. The operational costs of 5.38 USD/m3 and energy efficiency reflected in a 1.11 × 10-7 mg/J cavitational yield. This result indicates potential economic viability and technical robustness of this integrated solution for industrial implementation, under the tested conditions. The HC/O3 process establishes a new approach for treating pharmaceutical-laden wastewater, simultaneously reducing environmental risks for aquatic ecosystems and potentially improving the reliability of wastewater-based surveillance.
{"title":"Synergistic removal of drugs in wastewater from traditional Chinese medicine processing using industrial-scale ozone cavitation","authors":"Yuyan Cai , Bo Xu , Qiuda Zheng , Phong K. Thai , Zhetai Hu , Jiabin Jin , Luhong Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) production generates wastewater containing high level of morphine, codeine, and other opioids. Our field investigations at TCM factories revealed that existing activated sludge systems, though may be compliant for other chemicals, exhibit limited removal efficiency for these recalcitrant contaminants. Consecutive daily monitoring of effluent showed morphine persistently at concentrations ranging from 37,029–301,623 ng/L due to incomplete biodegradation, posing a significant disruption to aquatic environment and its further wastewater-based surveillance in public security. To address this challenge, we developed an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation-ozonation system (HC/O<sub>3</sub>), incorporating a novel negative-pressure reactor configuration. Under optimized conditions (1.5 L/min ozone inflow, 4 mg/L ozone concentration), the system achieved 94% removal of morphine within one hour, with a synergy index of 1.46 demonstrating remarkable process enhancement. Distinct from prior laboratory-scale investigations limited to model pollutants, this work validated HC/O<sub>3</sub> performance treating six psychoactive substances in compositionally variable TCM wastewater, demonstrating scalability and robustness under real-world operating conditions. Over a 5-day continuous trial with variable influent compositions, the HC/O<sub>3</sub> system demonstrated robust adaptability, consistently achieving 99.9% removal of morphine and thebaine within 3 h, specifically at 94% removal for morphine-specific reduction within first hour. The operational costs of 5.38 USD/m<sup>3</sup> and energy efficiency reflected in a 1.11 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mg/J cavitational yield. This result indicates potential economic viability and technical robustness of this integrated solution for industrial implementation, under the tested conditions. The HC/O<sub>3</sub> process establishes a new approach for treating pharmaceutical-laden wastewater, simultaneously reducing environmental risks for aquatic ecosystems and potentially improving the reliability of<!--> <!-->wastewater-based surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107739"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107737
Wenting Ma , Guang Huang , Ruiting Qin , Jiayi Liu , Wenjing Jiang , Yan Liu , Fuwei Yang , Kun Zhang , Xiubin Ren , Xiaoqin Yan , Yong Lin , Xinnan Chen
Within the framework of green chemistry, additive-free and morphology-controllable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has become an emerging research frontier. In this study, we developed an efficient liquid-phase synthesis route using calcium hydroxy glycolate (CHG) as the calcium source, sulfuric acid as the sulfur source, and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Under ultrasound-assisted conditions, without the use of soluble salts or surfactants, high-purity nano-anhydrite calcium sulfate (CaSO4) was successfully synthesized. By systematically varying the precursor concentration and ultrasonic parameters, the resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), which confirmed the formation of spherical, plate-like, and rod-shaped nano-anhydrite. Specifically, by adjusting the Ca2+ concentration, rod-like crystals (length: 300–450 nm, width: 50 nm, aspect ratio: 7), spherical particles (mean diameter: 23.19 nm), and flake-like structures (diameter: 115.40 nm, thickness: 10–30 nm) were obtained at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol·L−1, respectively. The smallest particle sizes across these morphologies were achieved under optimized ultrasonic conditions of 750 W for 30 min. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ethylene glycol concentration modulates its selective adsorption on specific crystal planes of anhydrite, thereby differentially inhibiting growth rates along certain directions and enabling morphology-controlled synthesis. The simulated adsorption energies for the (200), (020), (011), and (002) faces were −15.04, −7.96, −2.08, and −0.45 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These results indicate that preferential adsorption occurs particularly on the (200) and (020) planes. This integrated experimental and simulation study elucidates the coupled mechanism of “precursor concentration − crystal plane adsorption − ultrasonic dynamics,” offering theoretical insights and technical support for the environmentally sustainable and controllable synthesis of nano-anhydrite and other sulfate-based nanomaterials.
{"title":"Ultrasonic-Assisted green synthesis of nano-anhydrite from calcium hydroxy glycolate in an ethylene glycol-sulfuric acid system","authors":"Wenting Ma , Guang Huang , Ruiting Qin , Jiayi Liu , Wenjing Jiang , Yan Liu , Fuwei Yang , Kun Zhang , Xiubin Ren , Xiaoqin Yan , Yong Lin , Xinnan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the framework of green chemistry, additive-free and morphology-controllable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has become an emerging research frontier. In this study, we developed an efficient liquid-phase synthesis route using calcium hydroxy glycolate (CHG) as the calcium source, sulfuric acid as the sulfur source, and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Under ultrasound-assisted conditions, without the use of soluble salts or surfactants, high-purity nano-anhydrite calcium sulfate (CaSO<sub>4</sub>) was successfully synthesized. By systematically varying the precursor concentration and ultrasonic parameters, the resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), which confirmed the formation of spherical, plate-like, and rod-shaped nano-anhydrite. Specifically, by adjusting the Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, rod-like crystals (length: 300–450 nm, width: 50 nm, aspect ratio: 7), spherical particles (mean diameter: 23.19 nm), and flake-like structures (diameter: 115.40 nm, thickness: 10–30 nm) were obtained at 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mol·L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The smallest particle sizes across these morphologies were achieved under optimized ultrasonic conditions of 750 W for 30 min. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that ethylene glycol concentration modulates its selective adsorption on specific crystal planes of anhydrite, thereby differentially inhibiting growth rates along certain directions and enabling morphology-controlled synthesis. The simulated adsorption energies for the (200), (020), (011), and (002) faces were −15.04, −7.96, −2.08, and −0.45 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. These results indicate that preferential adsorption occurs particularly on the (200) and (020) planes. This integrated experimental and simulation study elucidates the coupled mechanism of “precursor concentration − crystal plane adsorption − ultrasonic dynamics,” offering theoretical insights and technical support for the environmentally sustainable and controllable synthesis of nano-anhydrite and other sulfate-based nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107737"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107741
Erçil Toyran, Mojca Zupanc, Martin Petkovsek, Matevz Dular
Gas content strongly affects cavitation dynamics; however, most studies rely solely on dissolved gas measurements, overlooking the influence of undissolved bubbles. This study investigates their role by introducing air bubbles (<200 µm) into water samples with identical dissolved gas levels and analyzing cavitation at both inception and developed phases using high-speed imaging and hydrophone measurements. The results show that the presence of pre-existing bubbles alters cavitation dynamics at the inception and developed phases. Under low dissolved gas and in the absence of air bubbles, cavitation can initiate from a single nucleus, and the developed phase exhibits transient vaporous cavitation with the highest acoustic intensity. In contrast, pre-existing bubbles promote the formation of conical-like bubble structures early in the inception phase and affect their dynamics in the developed phase, reducing the acoustic pressure and attenuating the noise spectrum. These effects are reversible upon bubble removal and independent of dissolved gas concentration, demonstrating that dissolved gas alone cannot represent gas-related influences on cavitation. Characterizing not only dissolved but also undissolved gas content is therefore essential for cavitation studies and applications.
{"title":"The importance of (un)dissolved gases on early-stage cavitation dynamics within an acoustic field","authors":"Erçil Toyran, Mojca Zupanc, Martin Petkovsek, Matevz Dular","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas content strongly affects cavitation dynamics; however, most studies rely solely on dissolved gas measurements, overlooking the influence of undissolved bubbles. This study investigates their role by introducing air bubbles (<200 µm) into water samples with identical dissolved gas levels and analyzing cavitation at both inception and developed phases using high-speed imaging and hydrophone measurements. The results show that the presence of pre-existing bubbles alters cavitation dynamics at the inception and developed phases. Under low dissolved gas and in the absence of air bubbles, cavitation can initiate from a single nucleus, and the developed phase exhibits transient vaporous cavitation with the highest acoustic intensity. In contrast, pre-existing bubbles promote the formation of conical-like bubble structures early in the inception phase and affect their dynamics in the developed phase, reducing the acoustic pressure and attenuating the noise spectrum. These effects are reversible upon bubble removal and independent of dissolved gas concentration, demonstrating that dissolved gas alone cannot represent gas-related influences on cavitation. Characterizing not only dissolved but also undissolved gas content is therefore essential for cavitation studies and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107741"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated how ultrasound pretreatment and controlled fermentation temperature influence phytonutrient release, antioxidant capacity, and mineral bioaccessibility in tempeh under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Soybeans underwent ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking, followed by fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus for 48 h at 30 °C or 36 °C. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (FRAP and CUPRAC), and mineral bioaccessibility (calcium, magnesium, and iron) were measured in both undigested and in vitro digested samples. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore functional interactions between phytonutrients, antioxidant potential, and mineral release. Compared with unfermented soybeans, tempeh fermented at 36 °C showed significantly higher TPC, TFC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and calcium concentrations, while magnesium and iron levels remained unchanged. Ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking with fermentation at 36 °C promoted TPC and TFC accumulation before digestion and yielded the highest TFC, FRAP, and calcium levels after simulated digestion. Bioaccessibility analysis revealed that TFC, calcium, and iron were significantly higher in ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking fermented at 36 °C. A strong positive correlation was observed between flavonoid levels and calcium release (r = 0.929, p < 0.001). The combination of ultrasound pretreatment and elevated fermentation temperature enhance the release and bioaccessibility of flavonoids, calcium, and iron in tempeh. The strong correlation between flavonoid content and calcium release underscores their interrelated roles. These findings highlight ultrasound pretreatment combined with controlled fermentation temperature as a practical food processing strategy to improve the nutritional profile, bioaccessibility, and functional quality of plant‑based fermented foods under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.
本研究研究了超声预处理和控制发酵温度对模拟胃肠道条件下豆豉中植物营养素释放、抗氧化能力和矿物质生物可及性的影响。大豆采用超声预处理浸泡蒸煮，再用寡孢根霉在30℃或36℃条件下发酵48 h。测定未消化和体外消化样品的总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）、抗氧化活性（FRAP和CUPRAC）和矿物质生物可及性（钙、镁和铁）。相关分析探讨了植物营养素、抗氧化潜能和矿物质释放之间的功能相互作用。与未发酵的大豆相比，36°C发酵的豆豉TPC、TFC、FRAP、CUPRAC和钙含量显著高于未发酵的大豆，而镁和铁含量保持不变。超声预处理浸泡和36°C发酵蒸煮促进消化前TPC和TFC的积累，模拟消化后TFC、FRAP和钙水平最高。生物可及性分析表明，超声预处理、浸泡和36℃蒸煮发酵后，TFC、钙和铁含量显著升高。黄酮类化合物含量与钙释放呈显著正相关（r = 0.929, p < 0.001）。超声预处理与提高发酵温度相结合，提高了豆豉中黄酮类化合物、钙、铁的释放和生物可及性。黄酮类化合物含量与钙释放之间的强相关性强调了它们的相互作用。这些发现强调了超声预处理与控制发酵温度相结合作为一种实用的食品加工策略，可以在模拟胃肠道条件下改善植物发酵食品的营养成分、生物可及性和功能质量。
{"title":"Ultrasound pretreatment and fermentation temperature improve phytochemical, antioxidant capacity, and mineral bioaccessibility in tempeh under simulated digestion","authors":"Iskandar Azmy Harahap , Joanna Suliburska , Daniela Weber , Tuba Esatbeyoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated how ultrasound pretreatment and controlled fermentation temperature influence phytonutrient release, antioxidant capacity, and mineral bioaccessibility in tempeh under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Soybeans underwent ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking, followed by fermentation with <em>Rhizopus oligosporus</em> for 48 h at 30 °C or 36 °C. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (FRAP and CUPRAC), and mineral bioaccessibility (calcium, magnesium, and iron) were measured in both undigested and <em>in vitro</em> digested samples. Correlation analyses were conducted to explore functional interactions between phytonutrients, antioxidant potential, and mineral release. Compared with unfermented soybeans, tempeh fermented at 36 °C showed significantly higher TPC, TFC, FRAP, CUPRAC, and calcium concentrations, while magnesium and iron levels remained unchanged. Ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking with fermentation at 36 °C promoted TPC and TFC accumulation before digestion and yielded the highest TFC, FRAP, and calcium levels after simulated digestion. Bioaccessibility analysis revealed that TFC, calcium, and iron were significantly higher in ultrasound pretreatment soaking and cooking fermented at 36 °C. A strong positive correlation was observed between flavonoid levels and calcium release (<em>r</em> = 0.929, <em>p</em> < 0.001). The combination of ultrasound pretreatment and elevated fermentation temperature enhance the release and bioaccessibility of flavonoids, calcium, and iron in tempeh. The strong correlation between flavonoid content and calcium release underscores their interrelated roles. These findings highlight ultrasound pretreatment combined with controlled fermentation temperature as a practical food processing strategy to improve the nutritional profile, bioaccessibility, and functional quality of plant‑based fermented foods under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107738"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145903038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107747
Eliza Malinowska , Michał Zmitrowicz , Grzegorz Łapienis , Jadwiga Turło
This study investigated the use of continuous ultrasound and low-power pulsed ultrasound on curdlan degradation by analyzing molecular weight changes during sonication. Although pulsed ultrasound only delivered one-sixth of the power of continuous ultrasound, it led to faster curdlan degradation. The most significant differences occurred within the first 25 min: Pulsed ultrasound accelerated the cleavage of polysaccharide chains, resulting in a degradation rate of approximately 60 % and a substantial reduction in the mass fraction of fragments with a molecular weight exceeding 400 kDa (from ca. 85 % to 3 %). Continuous ultrasound required 65 min to achieve a similar degree of degradation. The decrease in dispersity (from 1.13 to 1.06 within 65 min) indicated the non-random nature of the process, which occurred more rapidly during pulsed ultrasound. The degradation kinetics fit second-order and Ovenall/Harrington/Madras models, favoring pulsed ultrasound, which had a higher rate constant. Analysis of the chain scission mechanism showed a robust correlation between the midpoint scission model and the experimental data (R2 ∼ 0.96). According to the simulation analysis, larger curdlan particles are preferentially degraded, with pulsed ultrasound providing greater precision in cleavage localization. These findings suggest that employing pulsed ultrasound with a reduced power supply is an energy-efficient strategy to obtain more uniform polysaccharides with a moderately reduced molecular weight.
{"title":"The use of pulsed ultrasound with reduced power delivery to degrade the polysaccharide curdlan","authors":"Eliza Malinowska , Michał Zmitrowicz , Grzegorz Łapienis , Jadwiga Turło","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the use of continuous ultrasound and low-power pulsed ultrasound on curdlan degradation by analyzing molecular weight changes during sonication. Although pulsed ultrasound only delivered one-sixth of the power of continuous ultrasound, it led to faster curdlan degradation. The most significant differences occurred within the first 25 min: Pulsed ultrasound accelerated the cleavage of polysaccharide chains, resulting in a degradation rate of approximately 60 % and a substantial reduction in the mass fraction of fragments with a molecular weight exceeding 400 kDa (from ca. 85 % to 3 %). Continuous ultrasound required 65 min to achieve a similar degree of degradation. The decrease in dispersity (from 1.13 to 1.06 within 65 min) indicated the non-random nature of the process, which occurred more rapidly during pulsed ultrasound. The degradation kinetics fit second-order and Ovenall/Harrington/Madras models, favoring pulsed ultrasound, which had a higher rate constant. Analysis of the chain scission mechanism showed a robust correlation between the midpoint scission model and the experimental data (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> ∼ 0.96). According to the simulation analysis, larger curdlan particles are preferentially degraded, with pulsed ultrasound providing greater precision in cleavage localization. These findings suggest that employing pulsed ultrasound with a reduced power supply is an energy-efficient strategy to obtain more uniform polysaccharides with a moderately reduced molecular weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107747"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), a well-known energetic material, is extensively employed in the field of insensitive munitions. However, its irregular crystal morphology and broad particle-size distribution hinder its wider application. Ultrasonic-assisted crystallization offers an innovative approach to enhance the overall particle performance of NTO. In this study, NTO was subjected to ultrasound-assisted cooling crystallization using water as the solvent to control the crystal size and morphology, as well as remove adhered nitric acid and ensure environmentally production. The metastable zone width (MSZW) of NTO in aqueous solution was subsequently measured to understand the nucleation kinetics, revealing a significant reduction under ultrasonic irradiation. Employing Sangwal’s three-dimensional nucleation theory, the nucleation kinetic parameters were calculated. The results indicate that ultrasound affects the MSZW through reduction of the solid–liquid interfacial tension, promotion of burst nucleation, and suppression of particle agglomeration. Characterization of the ultrasound-processed NTO demonstrated a more regular morphology, disrupted agglomerates, reduced particle size, and a narrower particle-size distribution without altering the crystal polymorph. Compared with NTO raw material, the material demonstrates enhanced flowability and a 60% reduction in impact sensitivity.
{"title":"The role of ultrasound in the nucleation kinetics and Modification of product properties of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one","authors":"Xingquan Hu, Hao Wu, Pei Chang, Yiying Zhang, Cheng Xu, Lianjie Zhai, Bozhou Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.107744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), a well-known energetic material, is extensively employed in the field of insensitive munitions. However, its irregular crystal morphology and broad particle-size distribution hinder its wider application. Ultrasonic-assisted crystallization offers an innovative approach to enhance the overall particle performance of NTO. In this study, NTO was subjected to ultrasound-assisted cooling crystallization using water as the solvent to control the crystal size and morphology, as well as remove adhered nitric acid and ensure environmentally production. The metastable zone width (MSZW) of NTO in aqueous solution was subsequently measured to understand the nucleation kinetics, revealing a significant reduction under ultrasonic irradiation. Employing Sangwal’s three-dimensional nucleation theory, the nucleation kinetic parameters were calculated. The results indicate that ultrasound affects the MSZW through reduction of the solid–liquid interfacial tension, promotion of burst nucleation, and suppression of particle agglomeration. Characterization of the ultrasound-processed NTO demonstrated a more regular morphology, disrupted agglomerates, reduced particle size, and a narrower particle-size distribution without altering the crystal polymorph. Compared with NTO raw material, the material demonstrates enhanced flowability and a 60% reduction in impact sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 107744"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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