Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献

Given their potential as natural substitutes for artificial additives and their health advantages, the extraction of bioactive substances like polyphenols from plant sources is becoming more and more significant. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to achieve effective extraction with minimal time and energy. In order to optimize polyphenol extraction from ripe jamun fruit pulp, including traditional and ultrasound-assisted methods, this study assessed the prediction power of response surface methodology (RSM) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). It examined how temperature, process time, solvent type, and extraction method affected the yield of extracted polyphenols. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that solvent type (F-value = 292.15) was the most significant factor influencing polyphenol extraction. Numerical optimization identified optimal conditions for maximizing phenolic compound extraction: a process temperature of 45 °C, a duration of 65 min under ultrasound, using methanol as the solvent (desirability of 0.935 and a realization rate of 95 % of the maximum possible). Imposing minimum temperature and process time conditions will yield the same optimal process parameters as before, achieving 89 % of the maximum possible while significantly reducing the process time from 65 min to just 5 min (desirability 0.953). For each of the six process-solver conditions, optimal ANFIS models were determined by analyzing the number and type of input membership functions, the output membership function, and the selected optimization and defuzzification methods, based on the highest correlation between actual and predicted data, along with the lowest error rates. Statistical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of both RSM and ANFIS in modeling polyphenol extraction from ripe jamun fruit. Error indices demonstrated that ANFIS (R² = 0.8490-0.9989) outperformed RSM (R² = 0.9265) in predictive capability, underscoring the relative superiority of ANFIS.

This study investigates the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as sustainable solvents in ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to efficiently recover luteolin from peanut shells. Among the range of ILs tested, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate stood out as the most effective solvent, achieving the highest extraction yield. Single-factor experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of ultrasonic power, extraction time, extraction temperature, IL concentration, and solid-to-liquid ratio on extraction efficiency. Further optimization of the extraction conditions was performed using response surface methodology and neural network analysis, resulting in a significantly enhanced luteolin yield of 3.71 ± 0.06 mg/g. Interaction energy analyses were conducted to elucidate the interactions between ILs and luteolin, confirming the experimental findings and highlighting the strongest interaction energy between 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and luteolin. A kinetic model for luteolin extraction was developed, demonstrating that the extraction process follows a second-order rate model, where the extraction rate is directly proportional to the square of the concentration difference between luteolin and the solvent. The outcomes of this research present an efficient protocol for luteolin extraction and provide novel insights into the application of UAE in extracting natural products.

The chemical corrosion of the TC4 radiation rod surface (TRRS) during the ultrasonic casting process has the potential to significantly impair the smooth conduction of ultrasonic waves. However, in the later stages of corrosion, a self-protected structure (TSPS) emerges under the ultrasonic cavitation effect, which serves to impede the chemical corrosion of the TRRS and markedly reduce the rate of mass loss of the radiation rod. This ensures the smooth ultrasonic conduction of the radiation rod during operation. In this paper, an analysis of the microstructure of TSPS was conducted. The surface energy ratio at different crystal planes in TC4 and the self-diffusion coefficient for two phases of Ti in TC4 were calculated. The results indicated that TSPS is characterized by α-Ti grain basal planes concentrated parallel to the TRRS, higher α phase content, and fewer crystal defects. TSPS not only inhibits Ti dissolution and delays the onset of chemical corrosion, but also reduces the chemical corrosion rate.

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the most investigated Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for being the strongest compound to eliminate and having adverse health concerns. In this work, we have conducted the sonochemical treatment of PFOS simulated water under high (500 kHz) and low (22 kHz) frequencies while monitoring the operational parameters via an integrated sonochemical system. The integrated advanced sonochemical system includes software to monitor treatment power, solution temperature and frequency while allowing distinctive control of the reaction conditions. Considering the lack of calorimetric measurements in earlier studies and the difficulty in achieving comparative outcomes, precise calorimetric measurements and determination of electrical energy per order (E_EO) were performed in this study. The complete PFOS removal was achieved under 500 kHz frequency with optimum parameters including initial pollutant concentration (5 mg/L), ultrasound power density (400 W/L) and solution temperature (25 °C) within 180 min of treatment. The removal and mineralization extents (defluorination) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ion-chromatography (IC) analysis. Under optimum conditions, 100 % removal and 99 % mineralization were achieved. The rate constant (k) ranged from 0.011 to 0.031 min^-1 (first-order reaction), which increased with the increase in the power density. While the solution temperature did not significantly affect the PFOS removal efficiency, the initial concentration was found to have a prominent effect on the reaction rate constant. However, experiments at low frequency (22 kHz) showed negligible removal efficiency. The specific energy requirement for reaching 90 % removal while considering the power consumed by the ultrasonic system from the main electrical source was determined to be 700 kWh/m³, which is much lower than other reported work under similar conditions. This work will be useful for both laboratory and industrial upscaling while acting as a benchmark reference to follow.

This article reviews the latest research progress on ultrasound-assisted extraction of active substances from Muxu, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, leaf proteins, anthocyanins, total flavonoids, and total saponins, in order to provide theoretical references for the extraction of active substances from Muxu. At the same time, its medicinal value, feeding value, ecological value, edible value, and ornamental value were analyzed and summarized. Flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides in the bioactive substances of Muxu have good effects on improving animal productivity, enhancing immune function, and improving animal health. Especially when applied to broiler chickens and laying hens, it can improve the quality of meat and eggs and increase the economic benefits of breeding. In addition, there are other beneficial substances in Muxu, such as natural pigments, coumarins, leaf protein, and chlorogenic acid, which also play an important role in livestock and poultry production and health status.