Ultrasonics Sonochemistry最新文献_第2页

Corrigendum to "Influence of ultrasonic pretreatment on the quality attributes and pectin structure of chili peppers (Capsicum spp.)" [Ultrason. Sonochem. 110 (2024) 107041]. 更正："超声波预处理对辣椒（辣椒属）质量属性和果胶结构的影响" [Ultrason.[110 (2024) 107041]。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107126

Xin Nian, Jitao Wang, Mengze Wang, Yaqi Wang, Shiwei Liu, Yudan Cao

引用次数: 0

Ultrasonic dissolution of solid Al in liquid Sn during soldering: Modeling and equation, trend prediction, accelerating effect 焊接过程中固体铝在液体锡中的超声波溶解：建模与方程、趋势预测、加速效应。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107142

Di Zhao , Wenkang Du , Shu Guo , Ziyang Xiu , Zhiwu Xu , Jiuchun Yan

Soldering of ceramics/metals using an inactive commercial solder with the advantage of low cost has wide application prospects. The dissolution behavior of base metal could not be quantified, which has been a basic issue for the joining design. This work investigated the dissolution of the solid Al in liquid Sn with and without the ultrasound. The physical model for the dissolving process was established based on the experiments. The relationship equation of the average concentration of Al (

C_{a}

) and soldering time was derived by using the Nernst-Brunner principle. The key parameters of limiting solubility (

C_{0}^{L}

) and dissolution rate constant (

K

) were obtained through dissolving experiments of liquid Sn to solid Al. The calculation results show that the effect of soldering temperature, and thickness Sn layer on the Al concentration (

C_{a}

) and dissolution rate (

d C_{a} / d t

) under ultrasound is weaker than that without ultrasound. Compared to the condition without ultrasound, the value

K

, the maximum value of

C_{a}

and

d C_{a} / d t

was increased by 5.8 times, 4.5 times, and 52 times at 250 °C under the ultrasound action, respectively, and the activation energy of dissolution was reduced by 41 %. The mechanism of ultrasonically accelerating dissolution of the solid Al by the liquid Sn has been revealed by using the bubble dynamics principle. It will provide a guideline for the design of soldering ceramics/metals using an inactive commercial solder.

使用非活性商用焊料焊接陶瓷/金属具有成本低的优势，应用前景十分广泛。基底金属的溶解行为无法量化，这一直是连接设计的一个基本问题。这项工作研究了固体铝在有超声波和无超声波条件下在液态 Sn 中的溶解情况。根据实验建立了溶解过程的物理模型。利用 Nernst-Brunner 原理推导出了铝的平均浓度（Ca）与焊接时间的关系式。通过液态 Sn 对固态 Al 的溶解实验，得到了极限溶解度 (C0L) 和溶解速率常数 (K) 等关键参数。计算结果表明，在超声条件下，焊接温度、锡层厚度对铝浓度（Ca）和溶解速率（dCa/dt）的影响比无超声条件下要小。与没有超声波的条件相比，在 250 ℃ 超声波作用下，K 值、Ca 最大值和 dCa/dt 分别增加了 5.8 倍、4.5 倍和 52 倍，溶解活化能降低了 41%。利用气泡动力学原理揭示了超声加速液体 Sn 溶解固体 Al 的机理。这将为使用非活性商业焊料焊接陶瓷/金属的设计提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of mechanical stirring on sonoluminescence and sonochemiluminescence 机械搅拌对超声发光和声化学发光的影响

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107145

Atiyeh Aghelmaleki , Hossein Afarideh , Carlos Cairós , Rachel Pflieger , Robert Mettin

Light emissions from cavitating liquids serve as a diagnostic tool for chemical activity, bubble collapse conditions, or excited species. Here we demonstrate the influence of mechanical stirring on sonoluminescence (SL) and sonochemiluminescence (SCL) emissions emerging in the presence of dissolved sodium salts and luminol in different sonicated liquids. In the systems investigated, driven in the 20–40 kHz range, stirring can change the spatial distribution of blue/white broadband SL emissions and of the orange sodium D-line emission, as well as their relative intensities. In many cases, an amplification of sodium emission is observed under stirring, but striking exceptions appear as well. SCL emission from luminol is mainly quenched by the mechanical agitation. The liquids under study comprise water, ethylene glycol, and phosphoric acid, all with dissolved argon or krypton, and partly xenon. From the stirring-induced changes in sonoluminescence and from high-speed video recordings, we try to draw conclusions on the actual effects of the induced rapid bulk liquid flow on the cavitating systems. Main effects seem to be enhanced gas diffusion and bubble separation or de-clustering, possibly by a separative impact of the stirring flow on populations of smaller and larger bubbles, respectively. As a consequence, large bubbles with extremely bright sonoluminescence flashes appear in phosphoric acid under stirring. Overall, a certain sensitivity of stirring effects on further system parameters has to be stated.

空化液体发出的光可作为化学活性、气泡坍塌条件或激发物种的诊断工具。在这里，我们展示了机械搅拌对不同超声液体中溶解的钠盐和鲁米诺存在时产生的声发射（SL）和声化学发光（SCL）的影响。在所研究的系统中，在 20-40 kHz 的频率范围内，搅拌可以改变蓝色/白色宽带 SL 发射和橙色钠 D 线发射的空间分布，以及它们的相对强度。在许多情况下，搅拌会放大钠发射，但也有明显的例外。鲁米诺的 SCL 发射主要被机械搅拌淬灭。所研究的液体包括水、乙二醇和磷酸，所有这些液体中都溶解有氩气或氪气，还有部分氙气。从搅拌引起的声致发光变化和高速视频记录中，我们试图得出结论，说明诱导的大量液体快速流动对空化系统的实际影响。主要的影响似乎是气体扩散增强和气泡分离或去簇，这可能是由于搅拌流分别对较小和较大的气泡群产生了分离影响。因此，在搅拌条件下，磷酸中会出现闪烁着极亮声波荧光的大气泡。总之，必须指出搅拌效应对其他系统参数的某种敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Soy protein gels based on ultrasonic treatment: Effects of Ca2+ and 11S/7S ratio on gel structures and digestive properties 基于超声波处理的大豆蛋白凝胶：Ca2+ 和 11S/7S 比率对凝胶结构和消化特性的影响

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107143

Ruqi Guo, Xiaoqi Deng, Qinlin Hu, Ying Zhu, Xiuqing Zhu

This study aimed to explore the impact of varying Ca²⁺ concentrations and 11S/7S ratios on the gel performance of soybean protein gels (SPGs) under ultrasonication (400 W, 15 min) and to clarify the mechanisms involved. Results showed Ca²⁺ addition altered the structure of soybean 11S/7S protein gels. Low Ca²⁺ levels increased the turbidity, hardness, and water retention of the gels, whereas high levels disrupted the orderly aggregation of 11S/7S proteins, creating a rough, porous network. The effect of Ca²⁺ was more pronounced with a higher 11S ratio, significantly influencing turbidity, disulfide bonding, and gel hardness. Conversely, 7S-rich gels showed reduced sensitivity to Ca²⁺. In vitro digestion and SDS-PAGE results indicated that 7S globulin’s α, α’, and β subunits were more digestible than the A and B subunits of 11S globulin. In conclusion, ultrasound combined with Ca²⁺ can enhance the cross-linking degree between 11S and 7S globulin, forming a dense network structure.

本研究旨在探讨不同浓度的 Ca2+ 和 11S/7S 比率对超声处理（400 W，15 分钟）下大豆蛋白凝胶（SPGs）凝胶性能的影响，并阐明其中的机理。结果表明，Ca2+的添加改变了大豆11S/7S蛋白凝胶的结构。低浓度的 Ca2+ 会增加凝胶的浑浊度、硬度和保水性，而高浓度的 Ca2+ 则会破坏 11S/7S 蛋白的有序聚集，形成粗糙多孔的网络。11S 比率越高，Ca2+ 的作用就越明显，会显著影响凝胶的浑浊度、二硫键和硬度。相反，富含 7S 的凝胶对 Ca2+ 的敏感性降低。体外消化和 SDS-PAGE 结果表明，7S 球蛋白的 α、α' 和 β 亚基比 11S 球蛋白的 A 和 B 亚基更容易消化。总之，超声波与 Ca2+ 结合可增强 11S 和 7S 球蛋白之间的交联度，形成致密的网络结构。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of three-dimensional effects of hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube 文丘里管内流体动力空化三维效应的数值研究

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107122

Dhruv Apte , Mingming Ge , Guangjian Zhang , Olivier Coutier-Delgosha

Hydrodynamic Cavitation (HC) is a highly turbulent, unsteady, multi-phase flow that has been useful in many processing applications like wastewater treatment and process intensification and hence needs to be studied in detail. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms driving HC inside a Venturi tube using numerical simulations. The numerical simulations are conducted in the form of both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations using the Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) model database to simulate the cavitation–turbulence interplay, and the results are validated against high-fidelity experimental data. Initial 2D calculation results show that though URANS models are able to show unsteady cavitation, they are unable to reproduce the correct cavity morphology while the DES models reproduce the cavity morphology accurately. After extending to 3D simulations and the resulting vorticity budget analysis highlight the cavitation–vortex interactions and show the domination of velocity gradients and the growth and shrinking of the fluid element terms over the baroclinic torque for vortex production. Finally, localized scale comparisons are conducted to evaluate the model’s ability to simulate the cavitation–turbulence interaction. It is observed that the 3D DES simulations are able to predict accurately the cavitation–turbulence interaction on a localized scale for turbulence properties like Reynolds shear stress and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), emphasizing the 3D effects of turbulence and their influence on the cavitating flow. However, significant discrepancies continue to exist between the numerical simulations and experiments, near the throat where the numerical simulations predict a thinner cavity. Therefore, this study offers new insights on simulating HC and highlights the bottleneck between turbulence model development and accurate simulations of HC to provide a reference for improving modeling accuracy.

流体动力空化（HC）是一种高度湍流、非稳定的多相流，在废水处理和工艺强化等许多加工应用中都非常有用，因此需要对其进行详细研究。本研究的目的是通过数值模拟研究文丘里管内碳氢化合物的驱动机制。数值模拟以二维（2D）和三维（3D）模拟的形式进行，使用分离涡模拟（DES）模型数据库来模拟空化-湍流的相互作用，并将结果与高保真实验数据进行验证。最初的二维计算结果表明，虽然 URANS 模型能够显示非稳态空化，但无法再现正确的空腔形态，而 DES 模型则能准确再现空腔形态。在扩展到三维模拟后，涡度预算分析突出了空化与涡流的相互作用，并表明速度梯度和流体元素项的增长和收缩比产生涡流的巴氏力矩更重要。最后，进行了局部尺度比较，以评估模型模拟空化-湍流相互作用的能力。结果表明，对于雷诺剪应力和湍流动能（TKE）等湍流特性，三维 DES 模拟能够在局部尺度上准确预测空化与湍流的相互作用，强调了湍流的三维效应及其对空化流的影响。然而，数值模拟和实验之间仍然存在巨大差异，在喉部附近，数值模拟预测的空腔更薄。因此，本研究为模拟碳氢化合物提供了新的见解，并强调了湍流模型开发与精确模拟碳氢化合物之间的瓶颈，为提高建模精度提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of triterpenoids from Chaenomeles speciosa leaves: Process optimization, adsorptive enrichment, chemical profiling, and protection against ulcerative colitis 超声波辅助提取Chaenomeles speciosa叶片中的三萜类化合物：工艺优化、吸附富集、化学分析以及对溃疡性结肠炎的保护。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107136

Mengyang Hou , Jingchun Shi , Chengyuan Lin , Lin Zhu , Zhaoxiang Bian

For the valorization of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves, this study focused on extraction, enrichment, chemical profiling, and investigation of the biological activity of its abundant triterpenoid components. Initially, the total triterpenoids in C. speciosa leaves were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, with the extraction process optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions of extraction solvent 93 % EtOH, ultrasound power 390 W, extraction time 30 min, extraction temperature 70 °C, liquid-to-solid ratio 25 mL/g, and 2 extraction cycles, the maximum total triterpenoids yield (TTY) reached 36.77 ± 0.40 mg/g. The total triterpenoids in the crude extract were subsequently enriched by X-5 resin column chromatography, resulting in a fourfold increase in purity, reaching 73.27 ± 0.84 %. Thirteen compounds in the triterpenoid-rich fraction (TRF) were identified through UPLC–QTOF-MS/MS, and five major triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, maslinic acid, and pomolic acid) were simultaneously quantified by HPLC–QQQ-MS. Furthermore, TRF demonstrated a notable amelioration against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, indicating its promise as a potent intervention for this condition. In summary, this study will contribute to enhancing the utilization efficiency of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves.

为了提高Chaenomeles speciosa叶片的价值，本研究重点对其丰富的三萜类成分进行了提取、富集、化学分析和生物活性研究。首先，采用超声波辅助萃取法（UAE）提取了Chaenomeles speciosa叶片中的总三萜类化合物，并通过响应面方法（RSM）对萃取过程进行了优化。在萃取溶剂为 93 % EtOH、超声功率为 390 W、萃取时间为 30 min、萃取温度为 70 ℃、液固比为 25 mL/g、萃取循环次数为 2 次的最佳条件下，三萜类化合物总收率（TTY）达到 36.77 ± 0.40 mg/g。随后，粗提取物中的总三萜类化合物经 X-5 树脂柱层析富集，纯度提高了四倍，达到 73.27 ± 0.84 %。通过 UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS，鉴定出富含三萜类化合物的馏分（TRF）中的 13 种化合物，并同时通过 HPLC-QQQ-MS 对五种主要的三萜类化合物（齐墩果酸、熊果酸、白桦脂酸、马斯林酸和坡莫林酸）进行了定量。此外，TRF 对右旋糖酐硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎有显著的改善作用，这表明它有望成为一种有效的干预措施。总之，这项研究将有助于提高柴胡叶的利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-frequency power ultrasound (MFPU) pretreatment of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis process and subsequent Maillard reaction 多频功率超声（MFPU）预处理小龙虾（Procambarus clarkii）：对酶水解过程和随后的 Maillard 反应的影响。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107140

Weiqiang Yan , Zhijun Chen , Chao Zhang , Yao Xu , Chang Han , Ling Yue , Qiulian Kong , Qi Zheng , Wenhui Tian , Baoguo Xu

Crayfish, as a new consumer trend, has become one of the most popular freshwater aquatic foods in China, and its processed product output has been increasing year by year. In this study, the effect of multi-frequency power ultrasound (MFPU) pretreatment in various working modes including mono-, dual- and tri-frequency on the enzymatic hydrolysis and Maillard reaction of crayfish was investigated. Additionally, the underlying mechanism was also explored. Results showed that the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of crayfish was 23.89 %, while it increased to 40.78 % after MFPU pretreatment at 20/40 kHz dual-frequency, indicating that MFPU pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis of crayfish. The crayfish protein after MFPU pretreatment exhibited a decrease in α-helix and increase in β-fold content, and the occurrence in the unfolding of the protein structure and alteration of tertiary structure. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses, the MFPU pretreatment resulted in the fragmentation of crayfish protein. During the analyses of subsequent Maillard reaction, the composition and quantity of volatiles detected by the electronic nose and GC–MS indicated that MFPU pretreatment enhanced flavor of the Maillard reaction products. In conclusion, MFPU pretreatment is a promising technology for improving the degree of hydrolysis of crayfish protein and enhancing the flavor of Maillard reaction products.

小龙虾作为一种新的消费趋势，已成为中国最受欢迎的淡水水产食品之一，其加工产品的产量也在逐年增加。本研究探讨了单频、双频和三频等不同工作模式的多频功率超声（MFPU）预处理对小龙虾酶水解和马氏反应的影响。此外，还探讨了其潜在机理。结果表明，小龙虾的水解度（DH）为 23.89%，而在 20/40 kHz 双频下进行 MFPU 预处理后，小龙虾的水解度（DH）增加到 40.78%，表明 MFPU 预处理显著（p

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasound effect on flavor profile of beef jerky produced with partial potassium salt substitute based on GC-IMS technology 基于 GC-IMS 技术的超声波对使用部分钾盐替代品生产的牛肉干风味的影响

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107139

Jian Zhang , Lei Jin , Jianjun Zhou , Chao Ma , Jie Cui , Jinchi Jiang , Wenhui Li , Si Wu , Wangang Zhang , Yonghong Hu

Traditional beef jerky contains a high content of sodium salt while the reduction of sodium usage impairs the flavor of final product. Regarding above issues, this research innovatively applied ultrasound-assisted salts (NaCl and KCl) recombination in the pickling stage of low-sodium beef jerky, and further compared the flavor differences caused by ultrasound by sensory evaluation, E-nose and GC-IMS. Besides, the changes of physicochemical qualities were explored including salts content, color and shear force. Results showed that ultrasound had positive impacts on flavor quality. The 400 W treatment was chosen as an optimal group for flavor improvement which was mainly related with the increased level of 5 aldehydes (nonanal, 3-methylbutanal, heptanal, pentanal and octanal) and the decreased level of 3 ketones (2-butanone, 2-pentanone and 2,3-pentanedione). Simultaneously, ultrasound increased the redness and tenderness of final product. Thus, ultrasound is a promising approach for improving the flavor of low-sodium beef jerky.

传统牛肉干钠盐含量较高，而减少钠盐用量会影响最终产品的风味。针对上述问题，本研究创新性地在低钠牛肉干的腌制阶段应用了超声波辅助盐分（NaCl 和 KCl）重组，并通过感官评价、电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱联用仪进一步比较了超声波造成的风味差异。此外，还探讨了理化质量的变化，包括盐含量、颜色和剪切力。结果表明，超声波对风味质量有积极影响。选择 400 W 处理为最佳风味改善组，这主要与 5 种醛（壬醛、3-甲基丁醛、庚醛、戊醛和辛醛）含量的增加和 3 种酮（2-丁酮、2-戊酮和 2,3-戊二酮）含量的减少有关。同时，超声波增加了最终产品的红度和柔软度。因此，超声波是改善低钠牛肉干风味的一种可行方法。

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引用次数: 0

Circulation process of methyl ester production from pretreated sludge palm oil using CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer coupled with an ultrasonic clamp 使用 CaO/ABS 催化静态混合器和超声波夹钳从预处理过的污泥棕榈油中生产甲酯的循环过程。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107138

Kritsakon Pongraktham, Krit Somnuk

This study investigates the potential of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for manufacturing catalytic static mixers during biodiesel synthesis. The printed catalytic mixing elements comprises acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic with 15 wt% calcium oxide (CaO) as a solid catalyst. When the reactants flowed through the CaO/ABS mixing device, the blending and acceleration processes were both significantly impacted. Moreover, their characteristics, performance in biodiesel production, reusability, and economy were analyzed. The effects of methanol to oil (M:O) molar ratio, circulation time, and sonication time on methyl ester (ME) purity were also examined. The results showed that CaO crystals were distributed on the CaO/ABS mixer’s surface, which is crucial for catalytic purposes. During circulation process of ME from pretreated sludge palm oil (PSPO), catalytic static mixer (CSM) and CSM coupled with ultrasound (CSM/US) reactors were employed. The full ultrasonic power of CSM/US reactor of 16 × 400 W (total 6400 W) was operated at 20 kHz frequency. Moreover, the continuous and pulse ultrasonic modes of CSM/US reactor were compared to determine the ME purity and electricity consumption for ME production. For the CSM reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 8.5 h circulation time were recommended to realize 94.2 wt% ME purity. For the CSM/US reactor, 12:1 M:O molar ratio and 2.25 h circulation time were recommended to achieve 96.5 wt% ME purity. Under the pulsed mode operation, ME purity of 95.09 wt% was achieved, with a reduction in electricity consumption by approximately 37.6 % compared to continuous mode operation. Furthermore, the CaO/ABS catalytic static mixer was determined to be reusable for up to three cycles in both CSM and CSM/US reactors. Thus, CaO/ABS catalytic static mixers assure high purity ME production through FDM 3D printing technology with a CaO solid catalyst.

本研究探讨了熔融沉积建模（FDM）三维（3D）打印技术在生物柴油合成过程中制造催化静态混合器的潜力。打印出的催化混合元件由丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）塑料和 15 wt%的氧化钙（CaO）作为固体催化剂组成。当反应物流经 CaO/ABS 混合装置时，混合和加速过程都受到了显著影响。此外，还分析了它们的特性、在生物柴油生产中的性能、可重复使用性和经济性。还考察了甲醇与油（M:O）摩尔比、循环时间和超声时间对甲酯（ME）纯度的影响。结果表明，CaO 晶体分布在 CaO/ABS 混合器的表面，这对催化作用至关重要。在从预处理污泥棕榈油（PSPO）中提取甲基丙烯酸酯（ME）的循环过程中，采用了催化静态混合器（CSM）和CSM与超声波耦合反应器（CSM/US）。CSM/US 反应器的全超声功率为 16 × 400 W（总功率为 6400 W），频率为 20 kHz。此外，还对 CSM/US 反应器的连续和脉冲超声模式进行了比较，以确定 ME 的纯度和生产 ME 的耗电量。对于 CSM 反应器，建议采用 12:1 的 M:O 摩尔比和 8.5 小时的循环时间，以实现 94.2 wt%的 ME 纯度。对于 CSM/US 反应器，建议采用 12:1 的 M:O 摩尔比和 2.25 小时的循环时间，以实现 96.5 wt%的 ME 纯度。在脉冲运行模式下，ME 纯度达到 95.09 wt%，与连续运行模式相比，耗电量减少了约 37.6%。此外，还确定 CaO/ABS 催化静态混合器可在 CSM 和 CSM/US 反应器中重复使用长达三个周期。因此，CaO/ABS 催化静态混合器通过 FDM 3D 打印技术和 CaO 固体催化剂确保了高纯度 ME 的生产。

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引用次数: 0

Ultrasonication-mediated synthesis of diblock polymer-based nanoparticles for advanced drug delivery systems: Insights and optimization 超声介导合成二嵌段聚合物纳米颗粒，用于先进的给药系统：见解与优化。

IF 8.7 1区化学 Q1 ACOUSTICS

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107137

Nagaraja Sreeharsha , Srikruthi Kunigal Sridhar , Asha Bhuvanahalli Rangappa , Prakash Goudanavar , Purushotham Karadigere Nagaraju , Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen , Predeepkumar Narayanappa Shiroorkar , Afzal Haq Asif , Girish Meravanige , Krishna Swaroop Duddi Sreehari

This study presents the synthesis and optimization of Methylene polyethyl glycol −Polystyrene (mPEG-PS) Diblock (DIP) copolymer-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using ultrasonication for advanced drug delivery systems targeting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The mPEG-PS block copolymer was synthesized by ring opening polymerization mechanism under nitrogen atmosphere for 24hrs and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy and NMR, confirming the formation of DIP polymers. Optimization of SLNs formulation was achieved through a systematic approach, utilizing response surface methodology, optimal conditions for SLNs synthesis were determined, resulting in nanoparticles with a particle size of 198 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 67.42 %. Cell viability assays, quantitative PCR for viral DNA analysis, caspase-3 enzyme assays, and quantitative uptake studies using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) provided quantitative insights into the efficacy and biocompatibility of the synthesized nanoparticles. The experimental data demonstrate that nanoparticle treatments significantly influence cellular responses, providing valuable insights into their therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms. By employing precise experimental methods alongside rigorous analytical techniques, this study enhances our understanding of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, particularly in the context of HIV treatment. These findings pave the way for optimizing therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.

本研究介绍了亚甲基聚乙二醇-聚苯乙烯（mPEG-PS）二嵌段（DIP）共聚物的合成和优化，该共聚物基于超声波，可用于靶向人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的先进药物递送系统。mPEG-PS 嵌段共聚物是在氮气环境下通过开环聚合机理经 24 小时合成的，傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振对其进行了表征，证实了 DIP 聚合物的形成。通过系统化方法优化了 SLNs 的配方，利用响应面方法确定了 SLNs 合成的最佳条件，最终得到粒径为 198 nm 的纳米颗粒，包埋效率为 67.42%。通过细胞活力测定、定量 PCR 病毒 DNA 分析、Caspase-3 酶测定以及使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行的定量吸收研究，可以定量了解合成纳米粒子的功效和生物相容性。实验数据表明，纳米粒子处理对细胞反应有显著影响，为了解其治疗潜力和潜在机制提供了宝贵的信息。通过采用精确的实验方法和严格的分析技术，这项研究加深了我们对基于纳米粒子的给药系统的了解，尤其是在艾滋病治疗方面。这些发现为优化治疗策略、改善患者预后铺平了道路。

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