Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107649
Mazyar Dawoodian, Ould el Moctar
This paper introduces a Classical Nucleation Theory framework that explicitly incorporates curvature-dependent surface tension (Tolman correction) and real-gas behavior (Van der Waals correction) to predict cavitation inception at nanoscale gaseous nuclei. Validation is achieved through molecular dynamics simulations. The findings highlight the significant role of nanoscale gaseous nuclei in lowering the tensile strength required for cavitation initiation. The results show that our new CNT formulation predicts lower cavitation pressures than the Blake threshold, closely matching molecular dynamics simulations. The Tolman correction is most relevant for nuclei below about 10 nm, while for larger nuclei its effect becomes negligible and the model reduces to a Van der Waals–only description. Finally, our results illustrate that differences between cavitation pressures using the Van der Waals and ideal gas models are greatest for smaller nuclei and lower temperatures.
{"title":"Extending classical nucleation theory to consider curvature and real-gas effects","authors":"Mazyar Dawoodian, Ould el Moctar","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a Classical Nucleation Theory framework that explicitly incorporates curvature-dependent surface tension (Tolman correction) and real-gas behavior (Van der Waals correction) to predict cavitation inception at nanoscale gaseous nuclei. Validation is achieved through molecular dynamics simulations. The findings highlight the significant role of nanoscale gaseous nuclei in lowering the tensile strength required for cavitation initiation. The results show that our new CNT formulation predicts lower cavitation pressures than the Blake threshold, closely matching molecular dynamics simulations. The Tolman correction is most relevant for nuclei below about 10 nm, while for larger nuclei its effect becomes negligible and the model reduces to a Van der Waals–only description. Finally, our results illustrate that differences between cavitation pressures using the Van der Waals and ideal gas models are greatest for smaller nuclei and lower temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107649"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107660
Yang Song , Xinyu Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Jincheng Sha , Cuntang Wang , Chunli Song
In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on Soy protein isolate (SPI)-Fenugreek gum (FG) emulsions was investigated to improve the stability and physicochemical properties of SPI-FG emulsions, as well as to expand their application scope in the food field. The microstructure was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. Stability and physicochemical properties were evaluated via creaming index (CI), emulsion stability index (ESI), and rheological properties etc. Results showed that appropriate ultrasonic treatment improved emulsion dispersion and reduced aggregation, producing small and uniform droplets. Under the optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions, the stability and physicochemical properties of the SPI-FG emulsion are significantly improved. These findings demonstrate that ultrasonic treatment optimizes the performance of SPI-FG emulsions, providing theoretical support for their application in plant-based food processing.
{"title":"Effect of ultrasound on the microstructure, stability, and physicochemical properties of soy protein isolate-fenugreek gum composite emulsions","authors":"Yang Song , Xinyu Wang , Tianyu Zhang , Jincheng Sha , Cuntang Wang , Chunli Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effect of ultrasonic treatment on Soy protein isolate (SPI)-Fenugreek gum (FG) emulsions was investigated to improve the stability and physicochemical properties of SPI-FG emulsions, as well as to expand their application scope in the food field. The microstructure was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) etc. Stability and physicochemical properties were evaluated via creaming index (CI), emulsion stability index (ESI), and rheological properties etc. Results showed that appropriate ultrasonic treatment improved emulsion dispersion and reduced aggregation, producing small and uniform droplets. Under the optimal ultrasonic treatment conditions, the stability and physicochemical properties of the SPI-FG emulsion are significantly improved. These findings demonstrate that ultrasonic treatment optimizes the performance of SPI-FG emulsions, providing theoretical support for their application in plant-based food processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107660"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107659
Hyo Gyeong Lee , Jiseon Lee , Yeon-Ji Jo , Mi-Jung Choi
This study investigated ultrasonication time dependent restructuring of heat-treated legume proteins, focusing on how sequential heat and ultrasound (HU) treatments influence the interfacial adsorption and stabilization of faba bean protein isolates (FBPIs) and pea protein isolates (PPIs) in high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). Proteins were first modified by heat treatment (90 °C, 2 h) and subsequently subjected to ultrasonication (20 kHz, 120 W, 5–20 min). The resulting samples were characterized in terms of particle size, solubility, turbidity, surface charge, and secondary structure. HU treatment significantly reduced protein aggregation and particle size from 16.44 μm (FCON) to 191.20 nm (FHU20) for FBPI, and from 48.25 μm (PCON) to 279.27 nm (PHU20) for PPI, while solubility increased from 59.29 % to 89.42 % in FBPIs and 38.16 % to 79.85 % in PPIs. Moderate sonication durations (5–10 min) yielded the smallest particles, highest solubility, and most flexible secondary structures, enabling cohesive and elastic interfacial films. By contrast, prolonged sonication (20 min) led to partial reaggregation, weakening interfacial efficiency. HIPPEs stabilized by untreated proteins exhibited larger, heterogeneous droplets, whereas those stabilized by HU-treated proteins exhibited smaller, uniform droplet distributions. Despite the reduced adsorbed protein at interface (AP) and interfacial protein concentration (Γ), CLSM and TEM images confirmed continuous and uniform interfacial layers by the HU-treated proteins, contributing to improved emulsion stability. Rheological analysis further demonstrated the enhanced gel-like structure and viscoelasticity. Overall, the study highlights ultrasonication duration as a critical variable in HU treatment, dictating colloidal restructuring and interfacial adsorption behavior, and underscoring the suitability of legume proteins as clean-label stabilizers for high-oil emulsion systems.
{"title":"Ultrasonication time dependent structuring of heat-treated legume proteins: interfacial adsorption and stabilization of faba bean and pea protein isolates in high internal phase Pickering emulsions","authors":"Hyo Gyeong Lee , Jiseon Lee , Yeon-Ji Jo , Mi-Jung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated ultrasonication time dependent restructuring of heat-treated legume proteins, focusing on how sequential heat and ultrasound (HU) treatments influence the interfacial adsorption and stabilization of faba bean protein isolates (FBPIs) and pea protein isolates (PPIs) in high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). Proteins were first modified by heat treatment (90 °C, 2 h) and subsequently subjected to ultrasonication (20 kHz, 120 W, 5–20 min). The resulting samples were characterized in terms of particle size, solubility, turbidity, surface charge, and secondary structure. HU treatment significantly reduced protein aggregation and particle size from 16.44 μm (FCON) to 191.20 nm (FHU20) for FBPI, and from 48.25 μm (PCON) to 279.27 nm (PHU20) for PPI, while solubility increased from 59.29 % to 89.42 % in FBPIs and 38.16 % to 79.85 % in PPIs. Moderate sonication durations (5–10 min) yielded the smallest particles, highest solubility, and most flexible secondary structures, enabling cohesive and elastic interfacial films. By contrast, prolonged sonication (20 min) led to partial reaggregation, weakening interfacial efficiency. HIPPEs stabilized by untreated proteins exhibited larger, heterogeneous droplets, whereas those stabilized by HU-treated proteins exhibited smaller, uniform droplet distributions. Despite the reduced adsorbed protein at interface (AP) and interfacial protein concentration (<em>Γ</em>), CLSM and TEM images confirmed continuous and uniform interfacial layers by the HU-treated proteins, contributing to improved emulsion stability. Rheological analysis further demonstrated the enhanced gel-like structure and viscoelasticity. Overall, the study highlights ultrasonication duration as a critical variable in HU treatment, dictating colloidal restructuring and interfacial adsorption behavior, and underscoring the suitability of legume proteins as clean-label stabilizers for high-oil emulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107659"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107655
Yiting Xue , Jun Zhang , Ji Yan , Junhao Qiu , Jiaxin Zeng , Yixin Li , Xiaoren Huang , Xinjue Li , Lingyuan Guo , Lingtian Wu , Qian Wang
Scorias spongiosa, a highly nutritious edible fungus native to bamboo forests, is colloquially known as “Bamboo bird’s nest”. Polysaccharides are its primary bioactive ingredients, but comparative studies on their structural characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects across different extraction methods remain scarce. In this study, Scorias spongiosa polysaccharides (SSPs) were extracted using five distinct techniques, including room-temperature water extraction (RWE, 37°C), hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted water extraction (UAE), ultrasound-assisted acid extraction (UAE-H), and ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (UAE-OH). Among these techniques, UAE-OH was identified as the most efficient approach for SSPs preparation, mainly owing to its higher polysaccharide yield (25.4 ± 3.77 %), improved purity (85.25 ± 4.13 %), and enhanced antioxidant activity. In addition, SSPs-UAE-OH possessed the robust anti-senescence effect by mitigating H2O2-induced oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and SA-β-gal expression in H9C2 cells. Structural analysis revealed that SSPs-UAE-OH primarily consists of glucose, with a molecular weight of 490 KDa, and FT-IR spectroscopy suggested its potential classification as an α/β-dextran. Furthermore, ultrasonic power was optimized to 500 W through a yield- and activity-guided approach, achieving an enhanced SSPs-UAE-OH yield (32.57 ± 1.57 %) and significantly improved the viability of H9C2 cells (82.33 ± 3.74 %). This study not only established an efficient extraction protocol for SSPs but also elucidated the structural basis of their antioxidant and anti-aging properties in vitro. These findings provide critical insights for developing SSPs-based functional foods.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of extraction methods for Scorias spongiosa polysaccharides: Yield, bioactivity, and anti-aging potential","authors":"Yiting Xue , Jun Zhang , Ji Yan , Junhao Qiu , Jiaxin Zeng , Yixin Li , Xiaoren Huang , Xinjue Li , Lingyuan Guo , Lingtian Wu , Qian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Scorias spongiosa</em>, a highly nutritious edible fungus native to bamboo forests, is colloquially known as “Bamboo bird’s nest”. Polysaccharides are its primary bioactive ingredients, but comparative studies on their structural characteristics, <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activities and anti-aging effects across different extraction methods remain scarce. In this study, <em>Scorias spongiosa</em> polysaccharides (SSPs) were extracted using five distinct techniques, including room-temperature water extraction (RWE, 37°C), hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted water extraction (UAE), ultrasound-assisted acid extraction (UAE-H), and ultrasound-assisted alkali extraction (UAE-OH). Among these techniques, UAE-OH was identified as the most efficient approach for SSPs preparation, mainly owing to its higher polysaccharide yield (25.4 ± 3.77 %), improved purity (85.25 ± 4.13 %), and enhanced antioxidant activity. In addition, SSPs-UAE-OH possessed the robust anti-senescence effect by mitigating H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and SA-β-gal expression in H9C2 cells. Structural analysis revealed that SSPs-UAE-OH primarily consists of glucose, with a molecular weight of 490 KDa, and FT-IR spectroscopy suggested its potential classification as an α/β-dextran. Furthermore, ultrasonic power was optimized to 500 W through a yield- and activity-guided approach, achieving an enhanced SSPs-UAE-OH yield (32.57 ± 1.57 %) and significantly improved the viability of H9C2 cells (82.33 ± 3.74 %). This study not only established an efficient extraction protocol for SSPs but also elucidated the structural basis of their antioxidant and anti-aging properties <em>in vitro</em>. These findings provide critical insights for developing SSPs-based functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107655"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107651
Dániel Nagy, Ferenc Hegedűs
This study evaluates the accuracy of coupled-spherical-bubble models in acoustic fields by comparing them to direct numerical simulations (DNS). The coupled-spherical-bubble approach refers to the method of modeling multi-bubble systems, where the spherical bubble dynamics are governed by a simplified equation and these equations are coupled through the pressure emissions of the bubbles. Tested spherical models are the Keller–Miksis and Gilmore equation, and pressure emission models include the incompressible, quasi-acoustic and Kirkwood–Bethe hypothesis. Emphasis is placed on peak bubble pressure during collapse and the accuracy of pressure emission models. First, a single bubble in a spherical standing wave is analyzed. Among the simplified approaches, the Gilmore model provides closer agreement with DNS at Mach numbers approaching unity in water. In high-viscosity glycerol spherical models break down independently of the Mach number. Pressure wave emissions are accurately tracked by all tested models that assume a finite propagation velocity; however, shock wave emissions at high compression ratios can only be tracked by the Kirkwood–Bethe model. In the second part, a bubble pair is subjected to an ultrasonic pulse, and spherical volume oscillations and pressure emissions of bubbles are compared using various coupled-spherical-bubble approaches. DNS results show that jetting during collapse reduces gas compression, leading spherical models to overpredict internal pressure. While spherical models are effective for isolated bubbles in ideal conditions, DNS is essential for accurately capturing inter-bubble interactions. Nevertheless, spherical models provide good accuracy in the case of a bubble collapse without jetting, even when perfect sphericity is not preserved.
{"title":"Assessing the accuracy of the coupled-spherical-bubble approach for bubble pairs in an acoustic field","authors":"Dániel Nagy, Ferenc Hegedűs","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the accuracy of coupled-spherical-bubble models in acoustic fields by comparing them to direct numerical simulations (DNS). The coupled-spherical-bubble approach refers to the method of modeling multi-bubble systems, where the spherical bubble dynamics are governed by a simplified equation and these equations are coupled through the pressure emissions of the bubbles. Tested spherical models are the Keller–Miksis and Gilmore equation, and pressure emission models include the incompressible, quasi-acoustic and Kirkwood–Bethe hypothesis. Emphasis is placed on peak bubble pressure during collapse and the accuracy of pressure emission models. First, a single bubble in a spherical standing wave is analyzed. Among the simplified approaches, the Gilmore model provides closer agreement with DNS at Mach numbers approaching unity in water. In high-viscosity glycerol spherical models break down independently of the Mach number. Pressure wave emissions are accurately tracked by all tested models that assume a finite propagation velocity; however, shock wave emissions at high compression ratios can only be tracked by the Kirkwood–Bethe model. In the second part, a bubble pair is subjected to an ultrasonic pulse, and spherical volume oscillations and pressure emissions of bubbles are compared using various coupled-spherical-bubble approaches. DNS results show that jetting during collapse reduces gas compression, leading spherical models to overpredict internal pressure. While spherical models are effective for isolated bubbles in ideal conditions, DNS is essential for accurately capturing inter-bubble interactions. Nevertheless, spherical models provide good accuracy in the case of a bubble collapse without jetting, even when perfect sphericity is not preserved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107651"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To enhance the drying efficiency and improve the sensory quality of Cornus officinalis, this study investigated the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) coating combined with multi-frequency ultrasound assisted vacuum far-infrared (MFUS-VFIR) drying on its drying characteristics, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes. Application of multi-frequency ultrasound (MFUS) during VFIR dehydration shortened the drying time by 12.12–39.39 % and increased the average drying rate by 15.38–69.23 % compared with VFIR alone. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz treatment yielded dried products with higher retention of total phenolics, natural bioactive compounds, organic acids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and total flavonoids, along with superior color quality. Under these conditions, antioxidant capacity increased by 10.89–23.68 %, 14.41–25.91 %, and 7.10–58.32 %, respectively, relative to dual-frequency ultrasound treatments. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MFUS treatment produced distinct honeycomb-like pores with larger apertures compared with SFUS, indicating reduced surface cracking and expanded micro-channels for mass transfer, thereby lowering mass transfer resistance. The overall sensory acceptability of (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz dried products reached 8.50, representing a 41.67 % and 13.33–30.77 % improvement over VFIR and SFUS-VFIR samples (P < 0.05), with lower bitterness and off-flavor scores. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and correlation network heat mapping revealed that MFUS-treated samples clustered closely in multidimensional quality space and exhibited significant positive correlations with antioxidant activity, physicochemical quality, and flavor retention. Notably, the energy consumption of (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz treatment was 88.68 kW·h·kg−1, slightly higher than that of the control and SFUS-VFIR treatments. These findings provide a scientific basis and technical reference for quality optimization, energy-efficient drying, and high-value utilization of Cornus officinalis.
{"title":"Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose coating pretreatment combined with multi-frequency ultrasound assisted vacuum far-infrared drying: An emerging approach to enhance drying characteristics, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes of Cornus officinalis","authors":"Zepeng Zang, Xiaopeng Huang, Guojun Ma, Fangxin Wan, Xiaoping Yang, Qiaozhu Zhao, Yanrui Xu, Fei Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the drying efficiency and improve the sensory quality of <em>Cornus officinalis</em>, this study investigated the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) coating combined with multi-frequency ultrasound assisted vacuum far-infrared (MFUS-VFIR) drying on its drying characteristics, physicochemical properties, and sensory attributes. Application of multi-frequency ultrasound (MFUS) during VFIR dehydration shortened the drying time by 12.12–39.39 % and increased the average drying rate by 15.38–69.23 % compared with VFIR alone. Physicochemical analyses revealed that the (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz treatment yielded dried products with higher retention of total phenolics, natural bioactive compounds, organic acids, total carotenoids, ascorbic acid, soluble solids, and total flavonoids, along with superior color quality. Under these conditions, antioxidant capacity increased by 10.89–23.68 %, 14.41–25.91 %, and 7.10–58.32 %, respectively, relative to dual-frequency ultrasound treatments. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MFUS treatment produced distinct honeycomb-like pores with larger apertures compared with SFUS, indicating reduced surface cracking and expanded micro-channels for mass transfer, thereby lowering mass transfer resistance. The overall sensory acceptability of (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz dried products reached 8.50, representing a 41.67 % and 13.33–30.77 % improvement over VFIR and SFUS-VFIR samples (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with lower bitterness and off-flavor scores. Principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and correlation network heat mapping revealed that MFUS-treated samples clustered closely in multidimensional quality space and exhibited significant positive correlations with antioxidant activity, physicochemical quality, and flavor retention. Notably, the energy consumption of (MFUS-VFIR)-20/28/40 kHz treatment was 88.68 kW·h·kg<sup>−1</sup>, slightly higher than that of the control and SFUS-VFIR treatments. These findings provide a scientific basis and technical reference for quality optimization, energy-efficient drying, and high-value utilization of <em>Cornus officinalis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107657"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107653
Ao Zhao , Lina Sun , Fu Xu, Wendie Gan, Biaoying Guo, Lianzhou Jiang, Xia Wu
Yellow leaves of Pu’er tea are classified as lower-grade Pu’er tea, and polysaccharides being its principal active components. Pu’er tea polysaccharides (PTPS) were optimally extracted from yellow leaves of Pu’er tea using ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction with the following parameters: solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 (w/v), ultrasonic temperature of 70 °C, ultrasonic power of 500 W, and ultrasonic time of 40 min. Two fractions, PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A, were clearly isolated and purified. Their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects were compared in a lab after examining their structural features. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A were mostly composed of fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. They manifested as flexible chains and assumed a linear spline curve suggestive of an earthworm-like conformation. The nuclear magnetic resonance investigation found α- and β-glycosidic linkages (δ4.30–5.95 ppm and δ4.29–4.97 ppm, respectively) in PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A. PTPS-4A had enhanced DPPH and hydroxyl radical removal, with IC50 values of 1.79 ± 0.07 mg/mL and 6.42 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The intermediate concentration value of 5.22 ± 0.08 mg/mL of PTPS-4A indicated a stronger inhibitory impact on α-glucosidase. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A did not affect α-amylase in any way. The PTPS-4A fraction from this study may be further processed to create polysaccharide-based hypoglycemic and antioxidant products.
{"title":"Ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction of yellow leaves of Pu’er tea polysaccharides: Extraction process, characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity","authors":"Ao Zhao , Lina Sun , Fu Xu, Wendie Gan, Biaoying Guo, Lianzhou Jiang, Xia Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yellow leaves of Pu’er tea are classified as lower-grade Pu’er tea, and polysaccharides being its principal active components. Pu’er tea polysaccharides (PTPS) were optimally extracted from yellow leaves of Pu’er tea using ultrasound-assisted hot water extraction with the following parameters: solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 (w/v), ultrasonic temperature of 70 °C, ultrasonic power of 500 W, and ultrasonic time of 40 min. Two fractions, PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A, were clearly isolated and purified. Their antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects were compared in a lab after examining their structural features. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A were mostly composed of fucose, rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and glucuronic acid. They manifested as flexible chains and assumed a linear spline curve suggestive of an earthworm-like conformation. The nuclear magnetic resonance investigation found α- and β-glycosidic linkages (<em>δ</em>4.30–5.95 ppm and <em>δ</em>4.29–4.97 ppm, respectively) in PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A. PTPS-4A had enhanced DPPH and hydroxyl radical removal, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 1.79 ± 0.07 mg/mL and 6.42 ± 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The intermediate concentration value of 5.22 ± 0.08 mg/mL of PTPS-4A indicated a stronger inhibitory impact on α-glucosidase. PTPS-4A and PTPS-5A did not affect α-amylase in any way. The PTPS-4A fraction from this study may be further processed to create polysaccharide-based hypoglycemic and antioxidant products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107653"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145396330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polygonum perfoliatum L. (PP) is utilized in Miao medicine for treated herpes zoster, gynecological inflammation and poisonous snakebites. However, research on its polysaccharides with therapeutic potential remains limited. In this study, polysaccharides from PP were extracted via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), with parameters were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling, using the transfer rate and purity of crude polysaccharides as indicators. Optimal conditions were: liquid-to-solid ratio 35 mL/g, three 29-min cycles, 72 ℃ temperature, and 415 W ultrasonic power. This achieved a comprehensive score of (96.96 ± 6.23) %. The prediction results of the RSM and the two ANN models were compared. Ultimately, the extraction conditions predicted by the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network were identified as providing the optimal outcome. Following Sephadex purification, fraction S-PPP3 (79 kDa) was isolated. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that S-PPP3 is composed of six distinct monosaccharides: L-arabinose, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and L-Rhamnose. Structural analysis further revealed that the main backbone of S-PPP3 primarily consists of repeating units of → 4)-β-D-Galp-(1 → and → 4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → . Side chains are attached at the C-6 position of the → 4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues and incorporate structural motifs such as T-α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, T-α-D-Manp-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→, and T-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → . Furthermore, Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of S-PPP3 was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, demonstrating significant efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of S-PPP3 as a functional food or anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
细叶蓼（PP）在苗族医学中用于治疗带状疱疹、妇科炎症和毒蛇咬伤。然而，对其多糖治疗潜力的研究仍然有限。本研究采用超声辅助提取法（UAE）提取PP多糖，并以粗多糖的转移率和纯度为指标，采用响应面法（RSM）和人工神经网络（ANN）建模对提取工艺参数进行优化。最佳工艺条件为：液料比35 mL/g，循环3次，循环时间29 min，温度72℃，超声功率415 W。综合评分为（96.96±6.23）%。比较了RSM和两种人工神经网络模型的预测结果。最终，通过遗传算法-反向传播（GA-BP）神经网络预测的提取条件确定为提供最优结果。Sephadex纯化后，分离到S-PPP3 （79 kDa）。单糖组成分析表明，S-PPP3由6种不同的单糖组成：l -阿拉伯糖、d -半乳糖酸、d -半乳糖、d -葡萄糖、d -甘露糖和l -鼠李糖。结构分析进一步表明，S-PPP3的主骨架主要由→4)-β- d - galp -(1→和→4,6)-β- d - galp -(1→重复单元组成。侧链相连的其他位置→4、6)-β-D-Galp -(1→残留物和合并等结构性主题T -α-L-Araf -(1→5)α-L-Araf -(1→5)α-L-Araf T -α-(1→-D-Manp -(1→3)β-D-Glcp -(1→4)-α-D-GalAp T -α-(1→,-L-Rhap -(1→2、4)α-L-Rhap -(1→2、4)α-L-Rhap -(1→。此外，我们在脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中评估了S-PPP3的抗炎活性，显示出显著的疗效。这些发现突出了S-PPP3作为功能性食品或抗炎治疗剂的潜力。
{"title":"Artificial neural network model-based optimization of Polygonum perfoliatum L. Polysaccharide ultrasonic-assisted extraction, structural characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity","authors":"Meiling Wu , Guifeng Xu , Yusang Chen , Xiao Xu , Shunyao Zhu , Mengdan Shen , Ting Zhang , Senlin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Polygonum perfoliatum</em> L. (PP) is utilized in Miao medicine for treated herpes zoster, gynecological inflammation and poisonous snakebites. However, research on its polysaccharides with therapeutic potential remains limited. In this study, polysaccharides from PP were extracted via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), with parameters were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling, using the transfer rate and purity of crude polysaccharides as indicators. Optimal conditions were: liquid-to-solid ratio 35 mL/g, three 29-min cycles, 72 ℃ temperature, and 415 W ultrasonic power. This achieved a comprehensive score of (96.96 ± 6.23) %. The prediction results of the RSM and the two ANN models were compared. Ultimately, the extraction conditions predicted by the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network were identified as providing the optimal outcome. Following Sephadex purification, fraction S-PPP3 (79 kDa) was isolated. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that S-PPP3 is composed of six distinct monosaccharides: L-arabinose, D-galacturonic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and L-Rhamnose. Structural analysis further revealed that the main backbone of S-PPP3 primarily consists of repeating units of → 4)-β-D-Gal<em>p</em>-(1 → and → 4,6)-β-D-Gal<em>p</em>-(1 → . Side chains are attached at the C-6 position of the → 4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → residues and incorporate structural motifs such as T-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1 → 5)-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1 → 5)-α-L-Ara<em>f</em>-(1→, T-α-D-Man<em>p</em>-(1 → 3)-β-D-Glc<em>p</em>-(1 → 4)-α-D-GalA<em>p</em>-(1→, and T-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → 2,4)-α-L-Rha<em>p</em>-(1 → . Furthermore, Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of S-PPP3 was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, demonstrating significant efficacy. These findings highlight the potential of S-PPP3 as a functional food or anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107654"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652
Tabussam Tufail , Huma Bader Ul Ain , Jawad Ashraf , Farhan Saeed , Zunaira Basharat , Zahoor Ahmed , Muhammad Waseem , Bin Xu , Muhammad Faisal Manzoor , Robert Mugabi
Current research investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) (20/40/60 kHz, 220 W, 30 min), germination (65 °C, 6 h), and their combined treatment (US + G) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancement and quality profile of barley flour and bran. The results showed the highest improvements in ultrasound-assisted germinated barley flour. GABA levels increased significantly, correlating with enhanced GAD and GABA-T enzyme activities. Similarly, TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential were improved, associated with upregulated expression of mPAL, mC3H, mCHS, and mC4H genes in WB and BB tissues, enhancing phenolics biosynthesis. Surface disruptions, increased porosity, and cellular disintegration were observed in ultrasonicated samples. XRD patterns showed significant molecular arrangements and increased amorphous regions in ultrasound-treated fractions. Furthermore, FTIR spectra reveal protein unfoldings in the amide I region, suggesting enhanced protein functionality in ultrasound-assisted germinated flour. Hence, ultrasound-assisted germination can be proposed as a sustainable approach for nutritional enhancement of barley fractions to improve their suitability for functional implications.
{"title":"Effects of germination and ultrasound treatment on the thermodynamics, nutritional and structural quality of highland barley fractions","authors":"Tabussam Tufail , Huma Bader Ul Ain , Jawad Ashraf , Farhan Saeed , Zunaira Basharat , Zahoor Ahmed , Muhammad Waseem , Bin Xu , Muhammad Faisal Manzoor , Robert Mugabi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current research investigates the effect of ultrasonication (US) (20/40/60 kHz, 220 W, 30 min), germination (65 °C, 6 h), and their combined treatment (US + G) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancement and quality profile of barley flour and bran. The results showed the highest improvements in ultrasound-assisted germinated barley flour. GABA levels increased significantly, correlating with enhanced GAD and GABA-T enzyme activities. Similarly, TPC, TFC and antioxidant potential were improved, associated with upregulated expression of mPAL, mC3H, mCHS, and mC4H genes in WB and BB tissues, enhancing phenolics biosynthesis. Surface disruptions, increased porosity, and cellular disintegration were observed in ultrasonicated samples. XRD patterns showed significant molecular arrangements and increased amorphous regions in ultrasound-treated fractions. Furthermore, FTIR spectra reveal protein unfoldings in the amide I region, suggesting enhanced protein functionality in ultrasound-assisted germinated flour. Hence, ultrasound-assisted germination can be proposed as a sustainable approach for nutritional enhancement of barley fractions to improve their suitability for functional implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107652"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650
Nour Hane Merabet , Kaouther Kerboua , Enrica Fontananova , Jan Hoinkis , Intissar Gasmi
This study evaluates the performance of three anion-exchange membranes (FAS-50, AMX, Fujifilm-AEM) and a diaphragm separator (Zirfon® UTP 500) in alkaline water sono-electrolysis using a 25 % KOH electrolyte at ambient temperature. Energy efficiency, hydrogen production kinetics, and membrane stability were assessed experimentally and through modeling. Among the tested separators, Zirfon achieved the highest energy efficiency, outperforming AEM, AMX, and FAS-50. Hydrogen production rates under silent conditions ranged from 2.55 µg/s (AEM) to 2.92 µg/s (FAS-50), while sonication (40 kHz, 60 W) increased rates by 0.03–0.12 µg/s, with the strongest relative effect observed for FAS-50 (≈4.0 % increase). By contrast, Zirfon and AEM showed slight efficiency reductions (0.5–2 %) under ultrasound due to their higher structural resistance. Ion-exchange capacity tests confirmed significant degradation of polymeric membranes (IEC losses of 60–90 %), while Zirfon maintained stability in 25 % KOH. Modeling results showed that the diaphragm resistance was dominated by the ohmic losses (55–86 %), with ultrasound reducing bubble coverage and associated resistance only marginally (<0.02 V). Overall, Zirfon demonstrated superior stability and efficiency for long-term operation, while ultrasound primarily enhanced hydrogen evolution kinetics in mechanically weaker polymeric membranes.
{"title":"Modeling and experimental approach of membrane and diaphragm sono-electrolytic production of hydrogen","authors":"Nour Hane Merabet , Kaouther Kerboua , Enrica Fontananova , Jan Hoinkis , Intissar Gasmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of three anion-exchange membranes (FAS-50, AMX, Fujifilm-AEM) and a diaphragm separator (Zirfon® UTP 500) in alkaline water sono-electrolysis using a 25 % KOH electrolyte at ambient temperature. Energy efficiency, hydrogen production kinetics, and membrane stability were assessed experimentally and through modeling. Among the tested separators, Zirfon achieved the highest energy efficiency, outperforming AEM, AMX, and FAS-50. Hydrogen production rates under silent conditions ranged from 2.55 µg/s (AEM) to 2.92 µg/s (FAS-50), while sonication (40 kHz, 60 W) increased rates by 0.03–0.12 µg/s, with the strongest relative effect observed for FAS-50 (≈4.0 % increase). By contrast, Zirfon and AEM showed slight efficiency reductions (0.5–2 %) under ultrasound due to their higher structural resistance. Ion-exchange capacity tests confirmed significant degradation of polymeric membranes (IEC losses of 60–90 %), while Zirfon maintained stability in 25 % KOH. Modeling results showed that the diaphragm resistance was dominated by the ohmic losses (55–86 %), with ultrasound reducing bubble coverage and associated resistance only marginally (<0.02 V). Overall, Zirfon demonstrated superior stability and efficiency for long-term operation, while ultrasound primarily enhanced hydrogen evolution kinetics in mechanically weaker polymeric membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 107650"},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145383624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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