Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106974
Behrang Golmohammadi, Hemayat Shekaari
Battery industry, one of the most crucial components of the modern world, relies heavily on lithium production, and brines from the spent battery materials is one of the most important sources to exploit lithium. A new ultrasonic assisted membrane processing is proposed for lithium separation simulated brine. The effects of membrane composition, feed concentration, and ultrasonic conditions on the lithium extraction efficiency have been explored. The composite membrane including polysulfone (PSF) as the support and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tributyl phosphate as ionic liquid membrane. A porous PVC membrane has been used for prevention of the ILM loss. The optimal ultrasonic frequency is approximately 250 kHz, which matches the bulk modulus of the membrane and enhances the separation efficiency. Higher frequencies and optimized amplitude and pulse cycle settings further improve the lithium flux and selectivity. Moreover, higher flux and selectivity are achieved when separating lithium from alkali metal chlorides at higher feed concentrations, ranging from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm. The mechanism of enhanced lithium extraction by ultrasonics is attributed to the combination of microbubble formation, cavitation, and heat generation, which disrupt the concentration gradient and facilitate lithium transport across the membrane.
{"title":"High-flux ultrasonic processing for lithium separation using ionic liquid impregnated composite membranes","authors":"Behrang Golmohammadi, Hemayat Shekaari","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Battery industry, one of the most crucial components of the modern world, relies heavily on lithium production, and brines from the spent battery materials is one of the most important sources to exploit lithium. A new ultrasonic assisted membrane processing is proposed for lithium separation simulated brine. The effects of membrane composition, feed concentration, and ultrasonic conditions on the lithium extraction efficiency have been explored. The composite membrane including polysulfone (PSF) as the support and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and tributyl phosphate as ionic liquid membrane. A porous PVC membrane has been used for prevention of the ILM loss. The optimal ultrasonic frequency is approximately 250 kHz, which matches the bulk modulus of the membrane and enhances the separation efficiency. Higher frequencies and optimized amplitude and pulse cycle settings further improve the lithium flux and selectivity. Moreover, higher flux and selectivity are achieved when separating lithium from alkali metal chlorides at higher feed concentrations, ranging from 250 ppm to 1000 ppm. The mechanism of enhanced lithium extraction by ultrasonics is attributed to the combination of microbubble formation, cavitation, and heat generation, which disrupt the concentration gradient and facilitate lithium transport across the membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002220/pdfft?md5=9e5afb63db370424f1a523a531d51dc5&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002220-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106973
Hongyi Zhao , Junping Wang , Yutong Han , Xin Wang , Zunlai Sheng
This work offered a productive technique for resveratrol extraction from Polygonum Cuspidatum (P. Cuspidatum) using ionic liquids in synergy with ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE). Firstly, ionic liquids with different carbon chains and anions were evaluated. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of seven crucial parameters on the resveratrol yield: pH value, enzyme concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, concentration of ionic liquid (IL concentration) and the liquid–solid ratio. Employing the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD), the critical factors were effectively identified. Building upon this foundation, the process was further optimized through the application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). The following criteria were determined to be the ideal extraction conditions: an enzyme concentration of 2.18%, extraction temperature of 58 °C, a liquid–solid ratio of 29 mL/g, pH value of 5.5, extraction time of 30 min, ultrasonic power of 250 W, and extraction solvent of 0.5 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Under these conditions, the resveratrol yield was determined to be 2.90 ± 0.15 mg/g. Comparative analysis revealed that the ANN-GA model provided a better fit to the experimental data of resveratrol yield than the RSM model, suggesting superior predictive capabilities of the ANN-GA approach. The introduction of a novel green solvent system in this experiment not only simplifies the extraction process but also enhances safety and feasibility. This research paves the way for innovative approaches to extracting resveratrol from botanical sources, showcasing its significant potential for a wide range of applications.
{"title":"Optimization of process conditions for ionic liquid-based ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction of resveratrol from Polygonum Cuspidatum","authors":"Hongyi Zhao , Junping Wang , Yutong Han , Xin Wang , Zunlai Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work offered a productive technique for resveratrol extraction from <em>Polygonum Cuspidatum</em> (<em>P. Cuspidatum</em>) using ionic liquids in synergy with ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE). Firstly, ionic liquids with different carbon chains and anions were evaluated. Subsequently, a comprehensive investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of seven crucial parameters on the resveratrol yield: pH value, enzyme concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, concentration of ionic liquid (IL concentration) and the liquid–solid ratio. Employing the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD), the critical factors were effectively identified. Building upon this foundation, the process was further optimized through the application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (ANN-GA). The following criteria were determined to be the ideal extraction conditions: an enzyme concentration of 2.18%, extraction temperature of 58 °C, a liquid–solid ratio of 29 mL/g, pH value of 5.5, extraction time of 30 min, ultrasonic power of 250 W, and extraction solvent of 0.5 mol/L 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. Under these conditions, the resveratrol yield was determined to be 2.90 ± 0.15 mg/g. Comparative analysis revealed that the ANN-GA model provided a better fit to the experimental data of resveratrol yield than the RSM model, suggesting superior predictive capabilities of the ANN-GA approach. The introduction of a novel green solvent system in this experiment not only simplifies the extraction process but also enhances safety and feasibility. This research paves the way for innovative approaches to extracting resveratrol from botanical sources, showcasing its significant potential for a wide range of applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002219/pdfft?md5=187f6c65ce90762b60f900c3b69128ba&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002219-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonoporation is a non-invasive method that uses ultrasound for drug and gene delivery for therapeutic purposes. Here, both Finite Element Method (FEM) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) are applied to study the interaction physics of microbubble oscillation and collapse near flexible tissue. After validating the Finite Element Method with the nonlinear excited lipid-coated microbubble as well as the Lattice Boltzmann Method with experimental results, we have studied the behavior of a three-dimensional compressible microbubble in the vicinity of tissue. In the FEM phase, the oscillation microbubble with a lipid shell interacts with the boundary. The range of pressure and ultrasound frequency have been considered in the field of therapeutic applications of sonoporation. The viscoelastic and interfacial tension as the coating properties of the microbubble shell have been investigated. The presence of an elastic boundary increases the resonance frequency of the microbubble compared to that of a free microbubble. The increase in pressure leads to an expansion in the range of the microbubble’s motion, the velocity induced in the fluid, and the shear stress on the boundary walls of tissue. An enhancement in the surface tension of the microbubble can influence fluid flow and reduce the shear stress on the boundary. The multi-pseudo-potential interaction LBM is used to reduce thermodynamic inconsistency and high-density ratio in a two-phase system for modeling the cavitation process. The three-dimensional shape of the microbubble during the collapse stages and the counter of pressure are displayed. There is a time difference between the occurrence of maximum velocity and pressure. All results in detail are presented in the article bodies.
{"title":"Analysis of Microbubble-Blood cell system Oscillation/Cavitation influenced by ultrasound Forces: Conjugate applications of FEM and LBM","authors":"Ramyar Doustikhah, Saeed Dinarvand, Pedram Tehrani, Mohammad Eftekhari Yazdi, Gholamreza Salehi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sonoporation is a non-invasive method that uses ultrasound for drug and gene delivery for therapeutic purposes. Here, both Finite Element Method (FEM) and Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) are applied to study the interaction physics of microbubble oscillation and collapse near flexible tissue. After validating the Finite Element Method with the nonlinear excited lipid-coated microbubble as well as the Lattice Boltzmann Method with experimental results, we have studied the behavior of a three-dimensional compressible microbubble in the vicinity of tissue. In the FEM phase, the oscillation microbubble with a lipid shell interacts with the boundary. The range of pressure and ultrasound frequency have been considered in the field of therapeutic applications of sonoporation. The viscoelastic and interfacial tension as the coating properties of the microbubble shell have been investigated. The presence of an elastic boundary increases the resonance frequency of the microbubble compared to that of a free microbubble. The increase in pressure leads to an expansion in the range of the microbubble’s motion, the velocity induced in the fluid, and the shear stress on the boundary walls of tissue. An enhancement in the surface tension of the microbubble can influence fluid flow and reduce the shear stress on the boundary. The multi-pseudo-potential interaction LBM is used to reduce thermodynamic inconsistency and high-density ratio in a two-phase system for modeling the cavitation process. The three-dimensional shape of the microbubble during the collapse stages and the counter of pressure are displayed. There is a time difference between the occurrence of maximum velocity and pressure. All results in detail are presented in the article bodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002207/pdfft?md5=e2c0c19a536fa0e0887cf1456a92040c&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002207-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106971
Eric Rokni, Eusila C. Kitur, Julianna C. Simon
The Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact, a rapid color shift, appears on pathological mineralizations and is theorized to arise from scattering off micron-sized crevice microbubbles. However, the influence of crevice number and size as well as the bubble dynamics on twinkling is not well-understood. Cylinders with diameters of 0.8–1.2 µm and depths of 1 µm were etched into a silicon wafer and crevice bubbles were driven at 0.75, 2.5, and 5.0 MHz while monitoring with high-speed photography. Experimental results were compared to a derived crevice bubble model. On three separate wafers, cylindrical crevices (10 or 100) with diameters of 1, 10, or 100 µm and depths of 10 µm were etched and imaged with a research ultrasound system in Doppler mode at 5, 7.8, and 18.5 MHz. Within the pressure ranges studied here (∼1 MPa), no bubble oscillation was observed for the 0.8–1.2 µm crevice bubbles which matched computational results. Crevices with 1 and 10 µm diameters produced more twinkling than 100 µm crevices at 5 and 7.8 MHz. In contrast, 100 µm crevices produced more twinkling than 1 or 10 µm crevices at 18.5 MHz (p < 0.001 in all cases). These results provide better insight into how crevice bubbles cause twinkling on pathological mineralizations.
{"title":"Dynamics of crevice microbubbles that cause the twinkling artifact","authors":"Eric Rokni, Eusila C. Kitur, Julianna C. Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Doppler ultrasound twinkling artifact, a rapid color shift, appears on pathological mineralizations and is theorized to arise from scattering off micron-sized crevice microbubbles. However, the influence of crevice number and size as well as the bubble dynamics on twinkling is not well-understood. Cylinders with diameters of 0.8–1.2 µm and depths of 1 µm were etched into a silicon wafer and crevice bubbles were driven at 0.75, 2.5, and 5.0 MHz while monitoring with high-speed photography. Experimental results were compared to a derived crevice bubble model. On three separate wafers, cylindrical crevices (10 or 100) with diameters of 1, 10, or 100 µm and depths of 10 µm were etched and imaged with a research ultrasound system in Doppler mode at 5, 7.8, and 18.5 MHz. Within the pressure ranges studied here (∼1<!--> <!-->MPa), no bubble oscillation was observed for the 0.8–1.2 µm crevice bubbles which matched computational results. Crevices with 1 and 10 µm diameters produced more twinkling than 100 µm crevices at 5 and 7.8 MHz. In contrast, 100 µm crevices produced more twinkling than 1 or 10 µm crevices at 18.5 MHz (p < 0.001 in all cases). These results provide better insight into how crevice bubbles cause twinkling on pathological mineralizations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002190/pdfft?md5=98b71a5754f82c488a9d9605dd3ca4b0&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106970
Žan Boček , Martin Petkovšek , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Matevž Dular
The paper investigates the oil–water emulsification process inside a micro-venturi channel. More specifically, the possible influence of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability on the emulsification process. High-speed visualizations were conducted inside a square venturi constriction with throat dimensions of 450 µm by 450 µm, both under visible light and X-Rays. We show that cavity shedding caused by the instability results in the formation of several cavity vortices. Their rotation causes the deformation of the oil stream into a distinct wave-like shape, combined with fragmentation into larger drops due to cavitation bubble collapse. Later on, the cavity collapse further disperses the larger drops into a finer emulsion. Thus, it turns out that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is similarly characteristic for hydrodynamic cavitation emulsification inside a microchannel as is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for acoustically driven emulsion formation.
本文研究了微文丘里管通道内的油水乳化过程。更具体地说,开尔文-赫尔姆霍兹不稳定性对乳化过程可能产生的影响。我们在可见光和 X 射线下对喉部尺寸为 450 微米乘 450 微米的正方形文丘里管收缩腔进行了高速观察。我们发现,不稳定性导致的空腔脱落形成了多个空腔涡流。它们的旋转导致油流变形为明显的波浪状,同时由于空化泡的塌陷,油流破碎为更大的油滴。随后,空腔塌陷进一步将较大的油滴分散成更细的乳状液。由此可见,开尔文-赫姆霍兹不稳定性与声驱动乳化形成的雷利-泰勒不稳定性一样,都是微通道内流体动力空化乳化的特征。
{"title":"Kelvin-Helmholtz instability as one of the key features for fast and efficient emulsification by hydrodynamic cavitation","authors":"Žan Boček , Martin Petkovšek , Samuel J. Clark , Kamel Fezzaa , Matevž Dular","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper investigates the oil–water emulsification process inside a micro-venturi channel. More specifically, the possible influence of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability on the emulsification process. High-speed visualizations were conducted inside a square venturi constriction with throat dimensions of 450 µm by 450 µm, both under visible light and X-Rays. We show that cavity shedding caused by the instability results in the formation of several cavity vortices. Their rotation causes the deformation of the oil stream into a distinct wave-like shape, combined with fragmentation into larger drops due to cavitation bubble collapse. Later on, the cavity collapse further disperses the larger drops into a finer emulsion. Thus, it turns out that the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is similarly characteristic for hydrodynamic cavitation emulsification inside a microchannel as is the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for acoustically driven emulsion formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002189/pdfft?md5=c0986eaad444f7fa36703c12a6386e9e&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002189-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106961
Ying Pan , Chunjuan Liu , Shuo Jiang , Lili Guan , Xinyao Liu , Liankui Wen
In the current study, a novel crude polysaccharide (cNCEP) was extracted from N. commune Vaucher utilizing ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with 60 % ethanol, employing response surface methodology. The optimal yield of cNCEP was determined to be 8.07 ± 0.08 mg/g, achieved through ultrasonic-assisted extraction under the conditions of a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:22, temperature of 56 °C, power of 570 W, and duration of 147 min. Subsequent purification of NCEP via Sephadex G75 resulted in a novel polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 20.466 kDa. NCEP exhibited significant scavenging activites against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as notable in vitro immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of NCEP, involving enhancement of immunity, were investigated, revealing potential regulation of MAPK and TLR4-IRF7-NF-κB signaling pathways through RNA-Seq and Western blot analyses. These findings highlight the promising potential of NCEP as an organic immunomodulatory agent and functional food ingredient.
{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of a low molecular weight polysaccharide from Nostoc commune Vaucher and its structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity","authors":"Ying Pan , Chunjuan Liu , Shuo Jiang , Lili Guan , Xinyao Liu , Liankui Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, a novel crude polysaccharide (cNCEP) was extracted from <em>N. commune</em> Vaucher utilizing ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with 60 % ethanol, employing response surface methodology. The optimal yield of cNCEP was determined to be 8.07 ± 0.08 mg/g, achieved through ultrasonic-assisted extraction under the conditions of a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:22, temperature of 56 °C, power of 570 W, and duration of 147 min. Subsequent purification of NCEP via Sephadex G75 resulted in a novel polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 20.466 kDa. NCEP exhibited significant scavenging activites against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as well as notable <em>in vitro</em> immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of NCEP, involving enhancement of immunity, were investigated, revealing potential regulation of MAPK and TLR4-IRF7-NF-κB signaling pathways through RNA-Seq and Western blot analyses. These findings highlight the promising potential of NCEP as an organic immunomodulatory agent and functional food ingredient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002098/pdfft?md5=dcc04d54398bde30890eb41106823f52&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106967
Cunyu Li , Yun Ma , Yangyang Xu , Ranyun Qiu , Xin Shen , Lulu Huang , Anrong Liu , Mingming Li , Yunfeng Zheng , Xinglei Zhi
The transformation of salvianolic acid B brought on by heat treatment recovery of ethanol eluent, which is a difficult problem in pharmaceutical technology, affects the purity of raw material when the medicinal raw material salvianolic acid B is purified by resin. Ultrasonic-assisted nanofiltration separation (UANS) was first employed to improve efficiency of resource utilization by regulating rejection and separating salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from organic pharmaceutical wastewater. The rejection was related to three variables: ultrasonic power, pH, and ethanol concentration. But there were differences in the effects of variables on the rejections of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid. The rejections of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B showed a decreasing trend with an increase in ultrasonic power or a decrease in pH; however, when the concentration of ethanol was increased from 5 % to 35 %, the salvianolic acid B rejection increased from 84.96 % to 96.60 % and the rosmarinic acid rejection decreased from 35.09 % to 17.51 %. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal UANS parameters for solution conditions involving different ethanol concentrations are as follows: 10 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.15), 20 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.54), and 30 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 460 W and pH 6.34). The molecular proportions of salvianolic acid B were 10.75 %, 7.13 %, and 8.27 % in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater, while the molecular proportions of rosmarinic acid were 40.52 %, 33.83 %, and 69.87 %, respectively. And the recoveries of salvianolic acid B in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater were 93.56 %, 95.04 %, and 97.30 %, respectively, while the recoveries of rosmarinic acid were 3.19 %, 2.27 %, and 0.56 %. The molecular proportion and the rejection are correlated exponentially. In comparison with conventional nanofiltration separation (CNS), UANS is able to resolve the conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in pharmaceutical wastewater, as well as enhance resource recycling and separation efficiency to prevent pollution of the environment from pharmaceutical wastewater. Experiments using UANS at different power intensities suggest that the ultrasonic at a power intensity of 46–50 W/L and the power density of 0.92–1.00 W/cm2 may resolve the separation conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. This work suggests that UANS may be a significant advancement in the field of ultrasonic separation and has several potential uses in the water treatment industry.
药用原料丹酚酸 B 经树脂纯化时,乙醇洗脱液热处理回收带来的丹酚酸 B 转化是制药技术中的难题,影响原料的纯度。首先采用超声波辅助纳滤分离(UANS),通过调节排阻提高资源利用效率,并从有机制药废水中分离出丹参酚酸 B 和迷迭香酸。排斥效果与超声波功率、pH 值和乙醇浓度这三个变量有关。但各变量对丹参酚酸 B 和迷迭香酸去除率的影响存在差异。随着超声波功率的增加或 pH 值的降低,迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 的废品率呈下降趋势;但当乙醇浓度从 5 % 增加到 35 % 时,丹酚酸 B 的废品率从 84.96 % 增加到 96.60 %,而迷迭香酸的废品率则从 35.09 % 下降到 17.51 %。根据响应面法(RSM),不同乙醇浓度溶液条件下的最佳 UANS 参数如下:10 % 的乙醇溶液(超声波功率 500 W,pH 值 6.15)、20 % 的乙醇溶液(超声波功率 500 W,pH 值 6.54)和 30 % 的乙醇溶液(超声波功率 460 W,pH 值 6.34)。在10%、20%和30%乙醇废水中,丹酚酸B的分子比例分别为10.75%、7.13%和8.27%,而迷迭香酸的分子比例分别为40.52%、33.83%和69.87%。而在 10 %、20 % 和 30 % 的乙醇废水中,丹酚酸 B 的回收率分别为 93.56 %、95.04 % 和 97.30 %,迷迭香酸的回收率分别为 3.19 %、2.27 % 和 0.56 %。分子比例与回收率呈指数关系。与传统纳滤分离(CNS)相比,UANS 能够解决制药废水中迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 之间的矛盾,提高资源循环利用和分离效率,防止制药废水对环境造成污染。在不同功率强度下使用 UANS 的实验表明,功率强度为 46-50 W/L、功率密度为 0.92-1.00 W/cm2 的超声波可解决迷迭香酸和丹酚酸 B 之间的分离矛盾。
{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted nanofiltration separation recovering salvianolic acid B from ethanol wastewater","authors":"Cunyu Li , Yun Ma , Yangyang Xu , Ranyun Qiu , Xin Shen , Lulu Huang , Anrong Liu , Mingming Li , Yunfeng Zheng , Xinglei Zhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transformation of salvianolic acid B brought on by heat treatment recovery of ethanol eluent, which is a difficult problem in pharmaceutical technology, affects the purity of raw material when the medicinal raw material salvianolic acid B is purified by resin. Ultrasonic-assisted nanofiltration separation (UANS) was first employed to improve efficiency of resource utilization by regulating rejection and separating salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid from organic pharmaceutical wastewater. The rejection was related to three variables: ultrasonic power, pH, and ethanol concentration. But there were differences in the effects of variables on the rejections of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid. The rejections of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B showed a decreasing trend with an increase in ultrasonic power or a decrease in pH; however, when the concentration of ethanol was increased from 5 % to 35 %, the salvianolic acid B rejection increased from 84.96 % to 96.60 % and the rosmarinic acid rejection decreased from 35.09 % to 17.51 %. On the basis of response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal UANS parameters for solution conditions involving different ethanol concentrations are as follows: 10 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.15), 20 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 500 W and pH 6.54), and 30 % ethanol solution (ultrasonic power 460 W and pH 6.34). The molecular proportions of salvianolic acid B were 10.75 %, 7.13 %, and 8.27 % in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater, while the molecular proportions of rosmarinic acid were 40.52 %, 33.83 %, and 69.87 %, respectively. And the recoveries of salvianolic acid B in 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % ethanol wastewater were 93.56 %, 95.04 %, and 97.30 %, respectively, while the recoveries of rosmarinic acid were 3.19 %, 2.27 %, and 0.56 %. The molecular proportion and the rejection are correlated exponentially. In comparison with conventional nanofiltration separation (CNS), UANS is able to resolve the conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B in pharmaceutical wastewater, as well as enhance resource recycling and separation efficiency to prevent pollution of the environment from pharmaceutical wastewater. Experiments using UANS at different power intensities suggest that the ultrasonic at a power intensity of 46–50 W/L and the power density of 0.92–1.00 W/cm<sup>2</sup> may resolve the separation conflict between rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. This work suggests that UANS may be a significant advancement in the field of ultrasonic separation and has several potential uses in the water treatment industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002153/pdfft?md5=b2d0776907f45ad73fe331fda6532f65&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106969
Jin Zhang , Yu Zhang , Yong Chen , Xiaobo Rui , Yao Yu , Yu Wu , Jie Yang , Lei Qi
In the study of cavitation in room-temperature fluids, the heat transfer between gas and liquid in bubble oscillation is usually assumed to be an adiabatic process for simplification. However, this heat transfer and thermodynamic mechanism is not yet understood in cryogenic fluids, especially under small amplitude oscillation conditions excited by ultrasonic field. This article studies bubble thermodynamic model under an external ultrasonic field based on the heat transfer equation for cryogenic fluids. The temperature changes inside bubbles are calculated, and the heat transfer mechanism is briefly analyzed. The results indicate that the heat transfer mechanism of bubbles depends on the relationship between ultrasonic frequency and bubble resonance frequency. By analyzing two special cases of dual-bubble and high-pressure environment, it is believed that heat transfer can be approximated as an adiabatic process under high-pressure conditions with ultrasonic frequency far from the resonance frequency. This conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent accurate calculation of heat-transfer polytropic coefficient, or void faction measurement in cryogenic two-phase flow.
{"title":"Bubble thermodynamics in cryogenic fluids under ultrasonic field excitation: Theoretical analysis and numerical calculation","authors":"Jin Zhang , Yu Zhang , Yong Chen , Xiaobo Rui , Yao Yu , Yu Wu , Jie Yang , Lei Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the study of cavitation in room-temperature fluids, the heat transfer between gas and liquid in bubble oscillation is usually assumed to be an adiabatic process for simplification. However, this heat transfer and thermodynamic mechanism is not yet understood in cryogenic fluids, especially under small amplitude oscillation conditions excited by ultrasonic field. This article studies bubble thermodynamic model under an external ultrasonic field based on the heat transfer equation for cryogenic fluids. The temperature changes inside bubbles are calculated, and the heat transfer mechanism is briefly analyzed. The results indicate that the heat transfer mechanism of bubbles depends on the relationship between ultrasonic frequency and bubble resonance frequency. By analyzing two special cases of dual-bubble and high-pressure environment, it is believed that heat transfer can be approximated as an adiabatic process under high-pressure conditions with ultrasonic frequency far from the resonance frequency. This conclusion can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent accurate calculation of heat-transfer polytropic coefficient, or void faction measurement in cryogenic two-phase flow.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002177/pdfft?md5=b4a52ddb7c0d63eb3c7e2bf512733d79&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as a promising technology for water disinfection. Interestingly, when subjected to specific cavitation pressures, jet pump cavitation reactors (JPCRs) exhibit effective water treatment capabilities. This study investigated the cavitation flow and vorticty transport in a JPCR with various area ratios by utilizing computational fluid dynamics. The results reveal that cavitation is more likely to occur within the JPCR as the area ratio becomes smaller. While as the area ratio decreases, the limit flow ratio also decreases, leading to a reduced operational range for the JPCR. During the cavitation inception stage, only a few bubbles with limited travel distances are generated at the throat inlet. A stable cavitation layer developed between the throat and downstream wall during the limited cavitation stage. In this phase, the primary flow carried the bubbles towards the outlet. In addition, it was found that the vortex stretching, compression expansion, and baroclinic torque terms primarily influence the vorticity transport equation in this context. This work may provide a reference value to the design of JPCRs for water treatment.
{"title":"Investigations on cavitation flow and vorticity transport in a jet pump cavitation reactor with variable area ratios","authors":"Xiaoqi Jia , Shuaikang Zhang , Zhenhe Tang , Kuanrong Xue , Jingjing Chen , Sivakumar Manickam , Zhe Lin , Xun Sun , Zuchao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as a promising technology for water disinfection. Interestingly, when subjected to specific cavitation pressures, jet pump cavitation reactors (JPCRs) exhibit effective water treatment capabilities. This study investigated the cavitation flow and vorticty transport in a JPCR with various area ratios by utilizing computational fluid dynamics. The results reveal that cavitation is more likely to occur within the JPCR as the area ratio becomes smaller. While as the area ratio decreases, the limit flow ratio also decreases, leading to a reduced operational range for the JPCR. During the cavitation inception stage, only a few bubbles with limited travel distances are generated at the throat inlet. A stable cavitation layer developed between the throat and downstream wall during the limited cavitation stage. In this phase, the primary flow carried the bubbles towards the outlet. In addition, it was found that the vortex stretching, compression expansion, and baroclinic torque terms primarily influence the vorticity transport equation in this context. This work may provide a reference value to the design of JPCRs for water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002128/pdfft?md5=11734577f13f9611175a18ff7116a498&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141464102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the development of multiphase trimetallic nanocomposites (TMNC) incorporating ternary metals or metal oxides, which hold significant potential as alternatives for combatting biofilms and bacterial infections. Enhanced oral health is ensured by the innovative techniques used to effectively prevent bacterial adherence and formation of biofilm on dental sutures. In this investigation, TMNC, which consists of Pb, Ag, and Cu, was synthesized using an autoclave-assisted sonochemical technique. Following synthesis, TMNC were characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, XPS, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy to analyze their shape and microstructure. Subsequent evaluations, including MTT assay, antibacterial activity testing, and biofilm formation analysis, were conducted to assess the efficiency of the synthesized TMNC. Cytotoxicity and anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activities of TMNC were evaluated using the Human Oral Cancer cell line (KB) cell line through MTT assay, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activity against the KB cell line compared to the normal cell line, resulting in notably high cell viability. Furthermore, an ultrasonic probe was employed to incorporate TMNC onto dental suturing threads, with different concentrations of TMNC, ultrasonic power levels, and durations considered to determine optimal embedding conditions that result in the highest antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of TMNC, both in well diffusion assays and when incorporated into dental suturing threads, against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) were assessed using various concentrations of TMNC. The results of the study indicated that the efficacy of TMNC in inhibiting bacterial growth on dental suturing threads remained impressive, even at low concentrations. Moreover, an evaluation of their potential to destabilize biofilms formed by S. aureus and E. coli, the two pathogens in humans, indicated that TMNC would be a promising anti-biofilm agent.
{"title":"Enhanced applications in dentistry through autoclave-assisted sonochemical synthesis of Pb/Ag/Cu trimetallic nanocomposites","authors":"Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian , Yuvaraj Tamilselvi , Palanivel Velmurugan , Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi , Raedah Ibrahim Alharbi , Vinayagam Mohanavel , Sivakumar Manickam , Jeyanthi Rebecca L. , Basavaraj Rudragouda Patil","doi":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the development of multiphase trimetallic nanocomposites (TMNC) incorporating ternary metals or metal oxides, which hold significant potential as alternatives for combatting biofilms and bacterial infections. Enhanced oral health is ensured by the innovative techniques used to effectively prevent bacterial adherence and formation of biofilm on dental sutures. In this investigation, TMNC, which consists of Pb, Ag, and Cu, was synthesized using an autoclave-assisted sonochemical technique. Following synthesis, TMNC were characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, XPS, TGA, and Raman spectroscopy to analyze their shape and microstructure. Subsequent evaluations, including MTT assay, antibacterial activity testing, and biofilm formation analysis, were conducted to assess the efficiency of the synthesized TMNC. Cytotoxicity and anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activities of TMNC were evaluated using the Human Oral Cancer cell line (KB) cell line through MTT assay, demonstrating a dose-dependent increase in anti-human oral squamous cell carcinoma activity against the KB cell line compared to the normal cell line, resulting in notably high cell viability. Furthermore, an ultrasonic probe was employed to incorporate TMNC onto dental suturing threads, with different concentrations of TMNC, ultrasonic power levels, and durations considered to determine optimal embedding conditions that result in the highest antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of TMNC, both in well diffusion assays and when incorporated into dental suturing threads, against gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) were assessed using various concentrations of TMNC. The results of the study indicated that the efficacy of TMNC in inhibiting bacterial growth on dental suturing threads remained impressive, even at low concentrations. Moreover, an evaluation of their potential to destabilize biofilms formed by <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>, the two pathogens in humans, indicated that TMNC would be a promising anti-biofilm agent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":442,"journal":{"name":"Ultrasonics Sonochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350417724002141/pdfft?md5=10f94ed454fb7dfb8aa36981a5783e31&pid=1-s2.0-S1350417724002141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}