Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic electrode reconfiguration promotes in situ electrochemical peracetic acid synthesis for selective water decontamination","authors":"Hanlin Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Zong ,&nbsp;Zhendong Lei ,&nbsp;Qunbiao He ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhengwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Guojie Ye ,&nbsp;Chengsi Hou ,&nbsp;Deli Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In situ</em> synthesis and activation of peracetic acid (PAA) for water decontamination is a promising way to overcome the transport and storage problems in PAA applications. Here, an <em>in situ</em> electrochemical PAA synthesis and activation system is constructed using RuO₂−Ti “active” electrode and graphite plate as the anode and the cathode, respectively. PAA is efficiently generated at the RuO₂−Ti anode with a maximum real-time concentration of ∼1020 μM and a negligible precursor loss of 2.91 % after 180 min, and can be activated at the cathode to destruct a refractory pollutant (i.e., benzoic acid (BA)) with the rate constant of 0.22−0.28 h⁻¹, even under the interference of co-existing anions. Multiple pieces of evidence, including differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, sulfoxide probing test, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that the oxygen-atom-transferring oxidation of CH₃COO⁻ by a high-valent ruthenium-oxo intermediate (i.e., RuO₃) <em>in situ</em> formed through the electrode reconfiguration between RuO₂ and chem-sorbed HO^• mainly accounts for PAA synthesis. Acetylperoxyl radical (CH₃C(O)OO^•) was evidenced as the dominant species for BA degradation. This study proposes an <em>in situ</em> strategy to electrochemically synthesize and activate PAA for selective water decontamination and enriches the understandings of the mechanism of “active” electrode in peroxide synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123205"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of wastewater-specific peak on EEM and their application for detecting the effluent in the discharged area","authors":"Kazuhiro Komatsu ,&nbsp;Takashi Onodera ,&nbsp;Kenji Tsuchiya ,&nbsp;Ayato Kohzu ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Syutsubo","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excitation emission matrix (EEM) of fluorescence intensity has been often used to characterize dissolved organic matter in the aquatic environment. On EEM, there is a peak (Peak X) around excitation (emission) wavelengths of 490 (520) nm that is detected only in municipal wastewater-related samples. Peak X has been reported in very few papers. We investigated the characteristics of substances associated with Peak X from various perspectives. Based on that information, we hypothesized that Peak X was derived from fluorescein. This hypothesis was supported by the results of several estimates in this study, and it was revealed for the first time that Peak X on EEM was derived from fluorescein contained in colored bath salts widely used in Japan. We used Peak X to quantify how effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was dispersed in the outfall area of the plant and to evaluate its impact on the water quality to the area. By using Peak X, it was shown that the influence of the WWTP effluent on the discharged area extended several hundred meters. In other words, it was quantitatively demonstrated that the effluent significantly contributed to the increase in nutrient concentrations and primary production. These findings are expected to be highly useful for the control of nutrient concentrations in river water using the WWTP effluent, which has been the focus of much attention in recent years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123213"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced nitrogen removal from low C/N municipal wastewater in a step-feed integrated fixed-film activated sludge system: Synergizing anammox and partial denitrification with sludge fermentation liquid supplementation","authors":"Yiyuan Xing,&nbsp;Wenjie Li,&nbsp;Xiaojian Liao,&nbsp;Lu Wang,&nbsp;Bo Wang,&nbsp;Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scarcity of rapidly biodegradable organics, which serve as essential electron donors for the partial denitrification (PD) process, significantly hinders the combined application of PD coupled with anammox (PDA) in municipal wastewater treatment plants. This study innovatively applied, for the first time, a step-feed strategy combined with the use of sludge fermentation liquid (SFL) as an external carbon source in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system, successfully driving full nitrification and PDA to achieve advanced nitrogen removal from low C/N real municipal wastewater. Moreover, the associated nitrogen removal mechanism of this system was systematically analyzed. By employing second-step SFL feed as a supplementary carbon source, the nitrogen removal efficiency reached 92.26 ± 2.77 % and the effluent total inorganic nitrogen was 6.43 ± 2.23 mg/L, with anammox contributing approximately 70 % to total inorganic nitrogen removal. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis unveiled the extensive cooperation and synergistic interactions among anammox bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, and nitrifying bacteria, with <em>Candidatus</em> Brocadia being highly enriched in biofilms with a relative abundance of 2.21 %. Metagenomic sequencing confirmed that the relative abundance of the <em>narGHI</em> gene was greater than that of the <em>nirS</em> gene, providing stable nitrite accumulation conditions for the anammox process. Overall, this study proposes an innovative synergistic treatment scheme that utilizes a step-feed full nitrification-PDA process driven by SFL to achieve advanced nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater treatment plants. This approach is characterized by low energy consumption, low operational costs and a high nitrogen removal efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123211"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne geophysical analysis to decipher salinization for coastal Louisiana","authors":"Michael Attia ,&nbsp;Frank T.-C. Tsai ,&nbsp;Shuo Yang ,&nbsp;Burke Minsley ,&nbsp;Wade H. Kress","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal Louisiana is known for saltwater intrusion that threatens wetlands, aquifers, and rivers. However, the extent of saltwater intrusion is not well understood. This study develops an innovative framework with airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data to map chloride concentration distributions for wetlands in the Mississippi River deltaic plain and Chenier plain as well as for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVA) and Chicot aquifer. Moreover, the framework maps chloride concentrations along the Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River. Key components in the framework include the establishment of resistivity-to-chloride concentration transformation, 3D resistivity architecture building through geostatistics, and the employment of a lithologic model. The transformation functions correlate AEM resistivity data with porewater salinity measurements and groundwater and river chloride samples. The results show that AEM data reliably infers soil water chloride concentrations and correlates well with the distribution of various marsh types. AEM data reveals extensive saltwater presence at depth and near the coast, originating from salt domes and the Gulf of Mexico, respectively. The saltwater upconing pattern in the Chicot aquifer is likely due to excessive groundwater withdrawals. The AEM data also confirms a distinct tongue of saltwater intruding into the Atchafalaya Basin from the Gulf. The AEM data helps to identify faults that are obscured or eroded at the surface, which appear as leaky barriers in the subsurface where dramatic changes in chloride concentration are apparent. Finally, this study uses the AEM data to infer the presence of an extensive seawater wedge in the Mississippi River and Atchafalaya River.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123215"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacies of degrading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by applying UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)","authors":"Shayok Ghosh ,&nbsp;Guanghan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Jiangyong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123197","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment has become a concern for public health. This study evaluated the performance of UV light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as the simultaneous application of UV-LEDs (265 and 285 nm) and oxidants (chlorine and persulfate) to degrade ARGs. Persulfate (PS)-based treatment systems showed lower log-removals than chlorine (Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) to degrade extracellular ARGs (e-ARGs), with the molar absorption coefficients (ɛ) for PS being 13.66 and 66.4 times lower than those for chlorine at 265 nm and 285 nm, respectively. While 285/Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exhibited stronger synergistic effects achieving an optimal synergy value of 4.02 log, 265/Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; displayed better degradation rates with the maximum degradation rate of 0.117 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/mJ. Degradation rates induced by 265/PS were 1.2 to 2.2 times higher than 285/PS across all applied concentrations of oxidants. 265/PS also demonstrated a more pronounced synergistic effect than 285/PS with an optimal synergy value of 2.56. Quantum yields (Φ) at 265 nm are ∼1.1 times higher than at 285 nm for both oxidants. Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; has ∼1.7 times higher ɛ-value at 285 nm than at 265 nm, while persulfate's ɛ-value is ∼2.93 times higher at 265 nm than at 285 nm. Thus, the better ɛ-value of Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at 285 nm improved the performance of 285/Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; over 285/PS than 265 nm-based AOPs. Radical roles were investigated using scavenger studies with nitrobenzene (NB) and ethanol (EtOH) as quenchers. EtOH reacts quickly with hydroxyl radical (HO·), reactive chlorine species (RCS), and sulfate radical (SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·‾), while NB primarily reacts with HO· and shows minimal reactivity with other radicals. The involvement of radicals in different AOPs varied depending on the wavelength. For 265/Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 285/PS, HO· was the primary contributor, with minimal contributions from other radicals. Significant contributions from RCS and SO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;·‾ radicals were observed for 285/Cl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and 265/PS, respectively, alongside HO·. Plasmid linearization was observed when the plasmid was subjected to AOPs, confirming the role of radicals in initiating the process of plasmid linearization through their interaction with the sugar-phosphate backbone. Scavenging of radicals by cellular components diminished the synergistic impact of AOPs on intracellular ARGs (i-ARGs) degradation. While AOPs demonstrated a notable degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), the absence of EPS didn't enhance the degradation of i-ARGs. The overall concentration of free ARGs (f-ARGs) was influenced by the interplay of two factors: the extent of membrane damage and the efficacy of e-ARG degradation. This study offers detailed insights into the effectiveness and mechanisms of UV-LED based AOPs for inactivating various forms of ARGs, as well as the associated challenges. Understan","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 123197"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating analytical approaches for smarter decision-making in faecal contamination monitoring and assessment","authors":"Yussi M. Palacios Delgado ,&nbsp;Maghfira Saifuddaolah ,&nbsp;Rebekah Henry ,&nbsp;Kerrie Burge ,&nbsp;David Thomas McCarthy ,&nbsp;S. Fiona Barker ,&nbsp;Christelle Schang ,&nbsp;Vinaina Waqa ,&nbsp;Brandon Winfrey ,&nbsp;Karin Leder","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantification of faecal indicator organism (FIO) is essential for surveillance monitoring, performance compliance and public health interventions. IDEXX's automated FIO detection technique, TECTA^TM, and IDEXX Colilert offer greater efficiency than traditional methods but have not been critically compared across diverse levels of faecal contamination or evaluated against key practical requirements and cost factors. This study compared the use of IDEXX Colilert and TECTA™ for measuring indicative contamination in 785 samples from drinking water, wells, surface water, greywater and a constructed wetland system, collected from Fijian and Indonesian informal settlements. Both methods ranked sample types in the same order in terms of indicative faecal contamination, and at <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) concentrations between &lt;1–10⁵ CFU or MPN/100 mL (municipal, shallow and deep well samples), both methods were highly correlated. However, at 10²–10⁹ CFU/100 mL (TECTA™) or 10²–10⁶ MPN/100 mL (IDEXX Colilert) <em>E. coli</em> (surface water samples), a moderate positive correlation was observed (<em>R</em> = 0.56, <em>p</em> = 2.2⁻¹³), and a high proportion of samples exceeded the detection limit of the IDEXX Colilert method. Greywater and septic tank samples exhibited total coliform mean values greater than 10⁶ CFU/100 mL, with no correlation between IDEXX Colilert and TECTA™ results. TECTA™ required only one dilution for returning specific <em>E. coli</em> values, ideal for performance compliance and faecal contamination assessments, while IDEXX Colilert often needed two levels of dilution. For surveillance purposes, IDEXX Colilert may be more cost-effective given the higher initial setup costs of TECTA™; however, TECTA™’s faster turnaround times and automated results may offset expenses. This study presents a versatile decision analysis that enables laboratories worldwide to customise method comparisons based on their unique requirements, driving more effective implementation and global standardisation of these methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123207"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production by suspension self-rotation enhanced pyrolysis of sludge particles in cyclone","authors":"Zhiqin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanan Liang ,&nbsp;Shu Zhu ,&nbsp;Kai Zheng ,&nbsp;Yingjie Zhu ,&nbsp;Danhui Yang ,&nbsp;Hualin Wang ,&nbsp;Pengbo Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenges faced by sludge pyrolysis units, including poor heat transfer efficiency and uneven heating of material groups, significantly hinder the green and low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of sludge treatment. The suspension self-rotation of sludge particles in a cyclone enhances particle heat transfer, thereby improving the pyrolysis process. In this study, we developed a novel method for sludge pyrolysis using Cyclone Suspension Self-Rotation Pyrolysis Reactor (CSSPR). Through numerical simulation and high-speed camera visualization, we analyzed the effects of cyclone cone angle, particle size, and inlet flow rate on particle suspension self-rotation. A systematic investigation was conducted into the mechanisms by which “particle suspension self-rotation” enhances “sludge particle pyrolysis”. Consequently, an effective method for utilizing hydrogen-rich gas produced by sludge suspension self-rotation pyrolysis was developed. The results showed that CSSPR with a 9° cone angle achieved optimal suspension autorotation efficiency. Under optimal conditions—sludge particle moisture content of 31.89% and particle suspension rotation rate of 100%, the hydrogen production per unit of sludge reached up to 265.78 mL/g, which is 1.3 times higher than that produced in a static state. Compared to traditional fixed-bed pyrolysis technology, CSSPR demonstrated superior pyrolysis performance, achieving a 155.78 mL/g higher hydrogen yield per unit of sludge. This study offers a novel approach to developing sludge resource pyrolysis technology, thereby providing an effective pathway for addressing climate change and advancing environmental governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123198"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comammox and AOA responses to ammonia loading rate in oligotrophic environments","authors":"Run Su ,&nbsp;Litong Shi ,&nbsp;Yan Wei ,&nbsp;Bin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, yet the ecological niches and growth strategies of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in oligotrophic environments remain poorly understood. To investigate the ecological responses of complete ammonia oxidizers (Comammox) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system with two distinct ammonia loading rates (ALRs) was employed in this study. Metagenomic and meta-transcriptomic analyses showed that Comammox species—including <em>Candidatus Nitrospira nitrosa</em> and <em>Candidatus Nitrospira inopinata</em>—underwent a pronounced “bloom” only at high ALR, where their DNA and mRNA relative abundances reached 4.7 % and 5.63 %, respectively. Meanwhile, AOA steadily increased under both high and low ALR in oligotrophic environments. Network analysis further indicated stronger cooperative interactions between Comammox and AOA in higher ALR, highlighting distinct ecological strategies that underpin ammonia oxidation in oligotrophic environments. These findings not only support the development of low-carbon nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment but also clarify the impact of nitrogen loading on the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in natural ecosystems and provide insights into the origin and evolutionary pathways of these essential microbes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123191"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Fe(III) precipitation barrier in acid mine drainage via a visible light-assisted photo-electrochemical system","authors":"Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Zhang Yan ,&nbsp;Zhenchao Lei ,&nbsp;Huanxin Ma ,&nbsp;Chunhua Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by high concentrations of Fe(II) and Fe(III), which can be harnessed for the in-situ formation of schwertmannite, enabling the efficient immobilization of toxic heavy metals. However, existing biological and chemical methods for schwertmannite synthesis face significant challenges, including low Fe(II) oxidation rates and particularly limited Fe(III) precipitation efficiency in acidic environments. In this study, we develop a visible light-assisted photo-electrochemical (PEC) system that effectively overcomes these barriers. By leveraging anodically evolved O₂ and cathodically generated OH⁻, we achieved facile Fe(II) oxidation at pH 3.0, and an impressive Fe(III) precipitation efficiency of 82.8 %, significantly exceeding the &lt; 30 % efficiency reported by other methods. Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed that the generated minerals are high-purity schwertmannite. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that in the presence of cathodic alkalinity, Fe(III) undergoes further hydrolysis to form [(H₂O)₃Fe(OH)₂(SO₄)]⁻ species, which are thermodynamically capable of spontaneous polymerization and mineralization. Furthermore, the photoreduction of [(H₂O)₄Fe(SO₄)₂]⁻ within the PEC system, followed by subsequent oxidation, plays a crucial role in facilitating Fe(III) mineralization. The PEC system also effectively transformed As(III) to As(V) and Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in AMD, promoting their immobilization in the resultant schwertmannite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123193"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow groundwater table fluctuations: A driving force for accelerating the migration and transformation of phosphorus in cropland soil","authors":"Qingfei Chen ,&nbsp;Heng Yang ,&nbsp;Rongyang Cui ,&nbsp;Wanli Hu ,&nbsp;Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Anqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of phosphorus (P) in soil profiles of intensive cropland and the losses caused by runoff and leaching have been widely concerned. However, the loss of soil P due to shallow groundwater table (SGT) fluctuations driven by seasonal changes is often neglected, and the migration and transformation mechanisms of soil P are still unclear. On the basis of the long-term monitoring of cropland soil P accumulation and SGT fluctuations around Erhai Lake, the characteristics of soil P loss driven by SGT fluctuations and the corresponding mechanisms were investigated through a 260-day microcosm experiment. The results revealed that the fluctuations in SGT significantly changed the content and form of P in the soil profile. The soil P loss mainly occurred in dissolved form, mainly involving inorganic P, accounting for 75 %. Compared with those under continuous saturated conditions, soil total P (TP) release during SGT fluctuations significantly increased by 9.5 %, and soil TP storage was reduced by 2 %. SGT fluctuations increased the complexity of microbial networks in the soil profile, stimulated the expression of functional genes for soil P cycling, and promoted soil organic P mineralization. The SGT fluctuations caused an increase in the soil TP loss from cropland to 88.5 kg/ha, which was 70 and 25 times greater than that via leaching and runoff, respectively. These results indicated that SGT fluctuations accelerated the P loss from soil profile of cropland. Therefore, some measures should be comprehensively applied to prevent its loss, such as reducing external P input, improving surface soil P storage capacity and soil P utilization efficiency, reducing surface P leaching into deep soil, and reducing P accumulation in deep soil profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 123209"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}