Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122786
Hamed Heidari , Tauqeer Abbas , Yong Sik Ok , Daniel C.W. Tsang , Amit Bhatnagar , Eakalak Khan
{"title":"Corrigendum to “GenX is not always a better fluorinated organic compound than PFOA: A critical review on aqueous phase treatability by adsorption and its associated cost” [Water Research 205 (2021) 117683]","authors":"Hamed Heidari , Tauqeer Abbas , Yong Sik Ok , Daniel C.W. Tsang , Amit Bhatnagar , Eakalak Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122786"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122810
Jiaxun Jiang, Dongmei Han, Yi Xiao, Xianfang Song
Northeast China as an important base of grain production in China, has been suffering from potential groundwater pollution due to the excessive and prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides. However, exploration of emerging contaminants pollution in groundwater and assessment of human health and ecological risks caused by large-scale agricultural activities have been relatively scarce. This study collected groundwater samples from typical agricultural areas in Northeast China to investigate the extent of contamination by nitrate, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and then compared the levels of these pollutants with those in other regions of China. Groundwater nitrate pollution caused by strong agricultural activity is widespread in Northeast China, with nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L in as many as 40.3% of 429 samples. 8 types of PFASs (3.7-7.1 ng/L) and 11 types of EDCs (18114.0-62029.8 ng/L) were detected in the collected groundwater samples. Using the Risk Quotient (RQ) method, this study assessed ecological risk and found that the risk level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was higher than that of other PFASs. The groundwater EDCs risks in Northeast China was higher compared to other regions in China, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Bisphenol A (BPA) having high ecological risk levels. Nitrate, PFASs and EDCs have been detected in deep groundwater (70-100 m depth), indicating that the deeper aquifers could be significantly threatened by pollutants due to human activities. Fertilizers, pesticides, domestic wastewater, and industrial discharges are major sources of groundwater pollutants in the agricultural regions. Industrial-sourced EDCs were widely detected in groundwater of agricultural area, suggesting that the transport of these pollutants is very active in groundwater system. Groundwater monitoring and pollution prevention are extremely urgent, especially for emerging contaminants. This study can provide important warnings and water resource management references for other agricultural areas affected by intensively agricultural activities in the world.
{"title":"Occurrence, migration, and assessment of human health and ecological risks of PFASs and EDCs in groundwater of Northeast China","authors":"Jiaxun Jiang, Dongmei Han, Yi Xiao, Xianfang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122810","url":null,"abstract":"Northeast China as an important base of grain production in China, has been suffering from potential groundwater pollution due to the excessive and prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides. However, exploration of emerging contaminants pollution in groundwater and assessment of human health and ecological risks caused by large-scale agricultural activities have been relatively scarce. This study collected groundwater samples from typical agricultural areas in Northeast China to investigate the extent of contamination by nitrate, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and then compared the levels of these pollutants with those in other regions of China. Groundwater nitrate pollution caused by strong agricultural activity is widespread in Northeast China, with nitrate-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L in as many as 40.3% of 429 samples. 8 types of PFASs (3.7-7.1 ng/L) and 11 types of EDCs (18114.0-62029.8 ng/L) were detected in the collected groundwater samples. Using the Risk Quotient (RQ) method, this study assessed ecological risk and found that the risk level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was higher than that of other PFASs. The groundwater EDCs risks in Northeast China was higher compared to other regions in China, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Bisphenol A (BPA) having high ecological risk levels. Nitrate, PFASs and EDCs have been detected in deep groundwater (70-100 m depth), indicating that the deeper aquifers could be significantly threatened by pollutants due to human activities. Fertilizers, pesticides, domestic wastewater, and industrial discharges are major sources of groundwater pollutants in the agricultural regions. Industrial-sourced EDCs were widely detected in groundwater of agricultural area, suggesting that the transport of these pollutants is very active in groundwater system. Groundwater monitoring and pollution prevention are extremely urgent, especially for emerging contaminants. This study can provide important warnings and water resource management references for other agricultural areas affected by intensively agricultural activities in the world.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122809
Alje S. Boersma, Signe Haukelidsaeter, Liam Kirwan, Alessia Corbetta, Luuk Vos, Wytze K. Lenstra, Frank Schoonenberg, Karl Borger, Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, Maartje A.H.J. van Kessel, Caroline P. Slomp, Sebastian Lücker
Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and ammonium (NH4+) removal from groundwater using rapid sand filtration is a widely employed method in drinking water production. Over time, Fe and Mn oxides accumulate in the filter, which necessitates frequent backwashing to avoid clogging. In this study, we investigated the impact of backwashing on the microbial community and filter chemistry in a dual-media filter comprising anthracite and sand layers. Specifically, we focused on the removal of Fe, Mn, and NH4+ over the runtime of the filter. With increasing runtime, depth profiles of dissolved and particulate Fe revealed the buildup of Fe oxide flocs, causing Fe2+ and Mn2+ oxidation and nitrification to occur at greater depths within the filter. Towards the end of the filter runtime, breakthrough of suspended Fe oxides was observed, likely due to preferential flow. Backwashing effectively removed metal oxide flocs and restored the Fe removal efficiency in the top layer of the filter. While the two layers remained separate, the anthracite and sand layers themselves fully mixed during backwashing, leading to a homogenous distribution of the microbial community within each layer. Methyloglobulus and Gallionella were the predominant organisms in the anthracite layer, likely catalyzing methane and Fe2+ oxidation, respectively. The nitrifying community of the anthracite consisted of Nitrosomonas, Candidatus Nitrotoga, and Nitrospira. In contrast, the nitrifying community in the sand layer was dominated by Nitrospira. Backwashing minimally affected the microbial community composition of the filter medium except for Gallionella, which were preferentially washed out. In conclusion, our research offers a molecular and geochemical basis for understanding how backwashing influences the performance of rapid sand filters.
{"title":"Influence of filter backwashing on iron, manganese, and ammonium removal in dual-media rapid sand filters used for drinking water production","authors":"Alje S. Boersma, Signe Haukelidsaeter, Liam Kirwan, Alessia Corbetta, Luuk Vos, Wytze K. Lenstra, Frank Schoonenberg, Karl Borger, Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, Maartje A.H.J. van Kessel, Caroline P. Slomp, Sebastian Lücker","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122809","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) removal from groundwater using rapid sand filtration is a widely employed method in drinking water production. Over time, Fe and Mn oxides accumulate in the filter, which necessitates frequent backwashing to avoid clogging. In this study, we investigated the impact of backwashing on the microbial community and filter chemistry in a dual-media filter comprising anthracite and sand layers. Specifically, we focused on the removal of Fe, Mn, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> over the runtime of the filter. With increasing runtime, depth profiles of dissolved and particulate Fe revealed the buildup of Fe oxide flocs, causing Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> oxidation and nitrification to occur at greater depths within the filter. Towards the end of the filter runtime, breakthrough of suspended Fe oxides was observed, likely due to preferential flow. Backwashing effectively removed metal oxide flocs and restored the Fe removal efficiency in the top layer of the filter. While the two layers remained separate, the anthracite and sand layers themselves fully mixed during backwashing, leading to a homogenous distribution of the microbial community within each layer. <em>Methyloglobulus</em> and <em>Gallionella</em> were the predominant organisms in the anthracite layer, likely catalyzing methane and Fe<sup>2+</sup> oxidation, respectively. The nitrifying community of the anthracite consisted of <em>Nitrosomonas, Candidatus</em> Nitrotoga, and <em>Nitrospira</em>. In contrast, the nitrifying community in the sand layer was dominated by <em>Nitrospira</em>. Backwashing minimally affected the microbial community composition of the filter medium except for <em>Gallionella</em>, which were preferentially washed out. In conclusion, our research offers a molecular and geochemical basis for understanding how backwashing influences the performance of rapid sand filters.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122804
Liangjie Wang, Zhengyi Sun, Jinrui Shi, Han Li, Tao Fu, Yi Xu, Ke Xiao, Huazhang Zhao
In phenol-rich wastewater, such as coking wastewater, due to the high reactivity of phenol to various reactive oxygen species, it is difficult to selectively oxidize pollutants having lower biodegradability and higher toxicity than phenol. As one kind of such pollutants in coking wastewater, some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are more difficult to be removed by SO4•- or HO• than phenol, but this study found that NHCs (quinoline, isoquinoline, and pyridine) can be selectively removed by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) direct oxidation in the presence of 10 mM phenol under thermal condition. The selective oxidation of NHCs needs a suitable pH range (4 < constant pH < 9) because protonated state of NHCs (pH < 4) is unfavorable to their oxidation and high pH would improve the extra PMS consumption by phenol. Under the conditions benefiting the removal of NHCs in heat/PMS system, there was no generation of SO4•- and HO•. Being treated by 60 °C/PMS for 60 min, the biodegradability (BOD5/COD) of real coking wastewater (RCW) was improved from 0.21 to 0.44 with low removal rate of phenols (about 10%). Quinoline and indole, as the two typical NHCs in the studied RCW, their removal rates can be up to 45% and 85%, respectively. Thus, heat/PMS pretreatment is a potential good way to selectively remove high toxic pollutants in phenol-rich wastewater.
{"title":"Selective oxidation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds by heat/peroxymonosulfate in phenol-rich wastewater","authors":"Liangjie Wang, Zhengyi Sun, Jinrui Shi, Han Li, Tao Fu, Yi Xu, Ke Xiao, Huazhang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122804","url":null,"abstract":"In phenol-rich wastewater, such as coking wastewater, due to the high reactivity of phenol to various reactive oxygen species, it is difficult to selectively oxidize pollutants having lower biodegradability and higher toxicity than phenol. As one kind of such pollutants in coking wastewater, some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are more difficult to be removed by SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup> or HO• than phenol, but this study found that NHCs (quinoline, isoquinoline, and pyridine) can be selectively removed by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) direct oxidation in the presence of 10 mM phenol under thermal condition. The selective oxidation of NHCs needs a suitable pH range (4 < constant pH < 9) because protonated state of NHCs (pH < 4) is unfavorable to their oxidation and high pH would improve the extra PMS consumption by phenol. Under the conditions benefiting the removal of NHCs in heat/PMS system, there was no generation of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•-</sup> and HO•. Being treated by 60 °C/PMS for 60 min, the biodegradability (BOD<sub>5</sub>/COD) of real coking wastewater (RCW) was improved from 0.21 to 0.44 with low removal rate of phenols (about 10%). Quinoline and indole, as the two typical NHCs in the studied RCW, their removal rates can be up to 45% and 85%, respectively. Thus, heat/PMS pretreatment is a potential good way to selectively remove high toxic pollutants in phenol-rich wastewater.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122799
Peitian Huang, Yun Chen, Siwei Yu, Yan Zhou
Biohydrogen is gaining popularity as a clean and cost-effective energy source. Among the various production methods, photo fermentation (PF) with purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) has shown great opportunity due to its high hydrogen yield. In practice, this yield is influenced by several factors, with the carbon source, particularly simple organic acid, being a key element that has attracted considerable research interest. Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are widely found in waste streams and dark fermentation (DF) effluent. However, most studies on these VFAs focus mainly on performance evaluation, with few exploring the underlying mechanisms, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. To uncover the metabolic mechanisms, this study uses metagenomics to clarify the processes of reducing power production and distribution during substrate assimilation. Meanwhile, this study presents the impact of short-chain VFAs on biohydrogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen production by PPB. The results show that: (1) over long-term cultivation at similar COD consumption rates of 0.06 g COD/d, PPB possessed the highest hydrogen yield when fed with propionate (0.620 L H2·g COD-1) compared with butyrate (0.434) and acetate (0.361); (2) with propionate as the substrate, PPB accumulated less PHA (7% of dry biomass) but more glycogen content (11%), compared to butyrate (15% PHA and 8% glycogen) and acetate (21% PHA and 5% glycogen); (3) metagenomic analysis revealed that propionate resulted in the highest amounts of reducing equivalents, followed by butyrate and acetate; hydrogen production was the most efficient pathway for utilizing the reducing power with propionate, as the CO2 fixation and PHA or glycogen synthesis were ineffective for electron dissipation. This study offers insights into metabolic mechanism that could guide waste stream selection and pretreatment processes to provide favorable VFAs for the PF process, thereby enhancing PPB biohydrogen production performance in practical applications.
{"title":"Propionic Acid Enhances H2 Production in Purple Phototrophic Bacteria: Insights into Carbon and Reducing Equivalent Allocation","authors":"Peitian Huang, Yun Chen, Siwei Yu, Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122799","url":null,"abstract":"Biohydrogen is gaining popularity as a clean and cost-effective energy source. Among the various production methods, photo fermentation (PF) with purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) has shown great opportunity due to its high hydrogen yield. In practice, this yield is influenced by several factors, with the carbon source, particularly simple organic acid, being a key element that has attracted considerable research interest. Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are widely found in waste streams and dark fermentation (DF) effluent. However, most studies on these VFAs focus mainly on performance evaluation, with few exploring the underlying mechanisms, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. To uncover the metabolic mechanisms, this study uses metagenomics to clarify the processes of reducing power production and distribution during substrate assimilation. Meanwhile, this study presents the impact of short-chain VFAs on biohydrogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen production by PPB. The results show that: (1) over long-term cultivation at similar COD consumption rates of 0.06 g COD/d, PPB possessed the highest hydrogen yield when fed with propionate (0.620 L H<sub>2</sub>·g COD<sup>-1</sup>) compared with butyrate (0.434) and acetate (0.361); (2) with propionate as the substrate, PPB accumulated less PHA (7% of dry biomass) but more glycogen content (11%), compared to butyrate (15% PHA and 8% glycogen) and acetate (21% PHA and 5% glycogen); (3) metagenomic analysis revealed that propionate resulted in the highest amounts of reducing equivalents, followed by butyrate and acetate; hydrogen production was the most efficient pathway for utilizing the reducing power with propionate, as the CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and PHA or glycogen synthesis were ineffective for electron dissipation. This study offers insights into metabolic mechanism that could guide waste stream selection and pretreatment processes to provide favorable VFAs for the PF process, thereby enhancing PPB biohydrogen production performance in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122752
Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan , Kathryn Proctor , Richard Standerwick , Ruth Barden , Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Predicting pharmaceutical concentrations and assessing risks in the aquatic environment using PERK: A case study of a catchment area in South-West England” [Water Research, Volume 268, Part A, 1 January 2025, 122643]","authors":"Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan , Kathryn Proctor , Richard Standerwick , Ruth Barden , Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122752"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122800
Minpeng Hu, Zhongjie Yu, Timothy J. Griffis, John M. Baker
Intensive agricultural activities have significantly altered watershed hydrological and biogeochemical processes, resulting in water quality issues and loss of ecosystem functions and biodiversity. A major challenge in effectively mitigating nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural watersheds stems from the heterogeneity of N transformation and transport processes that complicates accurate quantification and modeling of N sources and sinks at the watershed scale. This study utilized stable isotopes of water and nitrate (NO3−) in conjunction with spatial stream network modeling (SSNMs) to explore watershed hydrology, N transformation, and sources within a mesoscale river network in the U.S. Corn Belt (Cannon River Watershed, Minnesota) under contrasting hydrological conditions. The results show that the wet season had elevated riverine NO3− concentration (medium: 8.4 mg N L−1), driven by high watershed wetness conditions that mobilizes NO3− from the near-surface source zone. Furthermore, the strong hydrologic connectivity also reduced the denitrification potential by shortening water travel times. In comparison, the dry season showed lower NO3− concentrations (0.9 mg N L−1) and stronger denitrification NO3− isotope signals. During this period, the decrease in hydrologic connectivity shifted the predominant water source to deep groundwater, with longer water travel time promoting denitrification. After accounting for isotopic fractionations during nitrification and denitrification, we identified fertilizer N as the main NO3− source during the wet season (98.2±1.3%), whereas the dry season showed contributions from diverse sources (64.4±11.9% fertilizer, 26.0±15.8% soil N, and 9.5±6.0% manure and sewage). During the dry season, karst regions with high hydrologic connectivity display increased shallow groundwater inputs, carrying elevated NO3− levels from leaching of applied chemical fertilizers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating drainage water management and N accumulation in groundwater into nutrient management strategies to develop adaptive measures for controlling N pollution in agricultural watersheds.
集约化农业活动极大地改变了流域水文和生物地球化学过程，导致水质问题以及生态系统功能和生物多样性的丧失。有效减缓农业流域氮（N）流失的一个主要挑战是氮转化和迁移过程的异质性，这使得流域尺度上氮源和氮汇的精确量化和建模变得复杂。本研究利用水和硝酸盐（NO3-）的稳定同位素，结合空间溪流网络建模（SSNMs），探索了美国玉米带（明尼苏达州坎农河流域）中尺度河网在不同水文条件下的流域水文、氮转化和来源。结果表明，湿季河水中 NO3-浓度升高（中等：8.4 毫克 N L-1），这是由于高流域湿度条件动员了近地表源区的 NO3-。此外，强大的水文连通性也缩短了水的流动时间，从而降低了反硝化的可能性。相比之下，旱季的 NO3- 浓度较低（0.9 毫克 N L-1），反硝化 NO3- 同位素信号较强。在此期间，水文连通性的降低使主要水源转向深层地下水，水流时间的延长促进了反硝化作用。考虑到硝化和反硝化过程中的同位素分馏，我们确定化肥氮是雨季的主要 NO3-来源（98.2±1.3%），而旱季则有多种来源（64.4±11.9% 化肥氮、26.0±15.8% 土壤氮、9.5±6.0% 粪便和污水氮）。在旱季，水文连通性高的岩溶地区浅层地下水输入量增加，施用化肥沥滤产生的 NO3- 含量升高。这些发现凸显了将排水管理和地下水中的氮积累纳入养分管理策略的重要性，从而制定出控制农业流域氮污染的适应性措施。
{"title":"Combining stable isotopes and spatial stream network modelling to disentangle the roles of hydrological and biogeochemical processes on riverine nitrogen dynamics","authors":"Minpeng Hu, Zhongjie Yu, Timothy J. Griffis, John M. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122800","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive agricultural activities have significantly altered watershed hydrological and biogeochemical processes, resulting in water quality issues and loss of ecosystem functions and biodiversity. A major challenge in effectively mitigating nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural watersheds stems from the heterogeneity of N transformation and transport processes that complicates accurate quantification and modeling of N sources and sinks at the watershed scale. This study utilized stable isotopes of water and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) in conjunction with spatial stream network modeling (SSNMs) to explore watershed hydrology, N transformation, and sources within a mesoscale river network in the U.S. Corn Belt (Cannon River Watershed, Minnesota) under contrasting hydrological conditions. The results show that the wet season had elevated riverine NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentration (medium: 8.4 mg N L<sup>−1</sup>), driven by high watershed wetness conditions that mobilizes NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> from the near-surface source zone. Furthermore, the strong hydrologic connectivity also reduced the denitrification potential by shortening water travel times. In comparison, the dry season showed lower NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentrations (0.9 mg N L<sup>−1</sup>) and stronger denitrification NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> isotope signals. During this period, the decrease in hydrologic connectivity shifted the predominant water source to deep groundwater, with longer water travel time promoting denitrification. After accounting for isotopic fractionations during nitrification and denitrification, we identified fertilizer N as the main NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> source during the wet season (98.2±1.3%), whereas the dry season showed contributions from diverse sources (64.4±11.9% fertilizer, 26.0±15.8% soil N, and 9.5±6.0% manure and sewage). During the dry season, karst regions with high hydrologic connectivity display increased shallow groundwater inputs, carrying elevated NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> levels from leaching of applied chemical fertilizers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating drainage water management and N accumulation in groundwater into nutrient management strategies to develop adaptive measures for controlling N pollution in agricultural watersheds.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122798
Zhenju Sun, Jianzheng Li, Jia Meng, Jiuling Li
Nitrate (NO3−-N) accumulation is the biggest obstacle for wastewater treatment via partial nitritation-anammox process. Dissolved oxygen (DO) control is the most used strategy to prevent NO3−-N accumulation, but the performance is usually unstable. This study proposes a novel strategy for controlling NO3−-N accumulation based on oxygen supply rate (OSR). In comparison, limiting the OSR is more effective than limiting DO in controlling NO3−-N accumulation through mathematical simulation. A laboratory-scale one-stage partial nitritation-anammox system was continuously operated for 135 days, which was divided into five stages with different OSRs. A novel deep learning model integrating Gated Recurrent Unit and Multilayer Perceptron was developed to predict NO3−-N accumulation load. To tackle with the general obstacle of limited environmental samples, a generic evaluation was proposed to optimise the model structure by leveraging predictive performance and overfitting risk. The developed model successfully predicted the NO3−-N accumulation in the system for ten days, showcasing its potential contribution to system design and performance enhancement.
{"title":"Small-data-trained model for predicting nitrate accumulation in one-stage partial nitritation-anammox processes controlled by oxygen supply rate","authors":"Zhenju Sun, Jianzheng Li, Jia Meng, Jiuling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122798","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N) accumulation is the biggest obstacle for wastewater treatment via partial nitritation-anammox process. Dissolved oxygen (DO) control is the most used strategy to prevent NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation, but the performance is usually unstable. This study proposes a novel strategy for controlling NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation based on oxygen supply rate (OSR). In comparison, limiting the OSR is more effective than limiting DO in controlling NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation through mathematical simulation. A laboratory-scale one-stage partial nitritation-anammox system was continuously operated for 135 days, which was divided into five stages with different OSRs. A novel deep learning model integrating Gated Recurrent Unit and Multilayer Perceptron was developed to predict NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation load. To tackle with the general obstacle of limited environmental samples, a generic evaluation was proposed to optimise the model structure by leveraging predictive performance and overfitting risk. The developed model successfully predicted the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation in the system for ten days, showcasing its potential contribution to system design and performance enhancement.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122790
Xin Hou, Lei Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jiamin Li, Ziming Jiang, Sen Wang, Xiaoran Li, Xiaotong Wang, Xianhua Liu
Microorganisms play a crucial role in pollutant removal and water quality stabilizing. However, limited research exists on the microbial variability and the factors driving it at different stages of wastewater treatment. In this study, the physicochemical properties of water and the composition of bacterial communities were thoroughly investigated across the entire A2/O wastewater treatment process, encompassing 3 stages (12 steps). The results revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity, whereas the beta diversity remained largely unchanged across stages. Alpha diversity was primarily influenced by dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, with DO having the most notable influence, while beta diversity was mainly constrained by nutrient conditions such as COD, BOD5, NH4-N, TN, and TP. Additionally, analyses of relative abundance, LEfSe, variance, and functional prediction indicated a significant increase in the relative abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Legionella, Leptospira), exhibiting different removal characteristics compared to Escherichia coli across various treatment steps. Even after UV disinfection, these pathogens persist, highlighting a potential pathogenic risk, which deserves more attention. In addition, this study helps explore the relatively under-researched area of microbial variability at different stages (steps) of wastewater treatment, especially in terms of how microbial communities respond to operational processes and environmental conditions. This will offer valuable guidance for addressing water treatment safety challenges encountered in real-world processes.
{"title":"Changes in microbial communities across the whole A2/O wastewater treatment process and their drivers - Reduced community diversity but increased proportion of certain pathogens","authors":"Xin Hou, Lei Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jiamin Li, Ziming Jiang, Sen Wang, Xiaoran Li, Xiaotong Wang, Xianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122790","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play a crucial role in pollutant removal and water quality stabilizing. However, limited research exists on the microbial variability and the factors driving it at different stages of wastewater treatment. In this study, the physicochemical properties of water and the composition of bacterial communities were thoroughly investigated across the entire A<sup>2</sup>/O wastewater treatment process, encompassing 3 stages (12 steps). The results revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity, whereas the beta diversity remained largely unchanged across stages. Alpha diversity was primarily influenced by dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, with DO having the most notable influence, while beta diversity was mainly constrained by nutrient conditions such as COD, BOD<sub>5</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, TN, and TP. Additionally, analyses of relative abundance, LEfSe, variance, and functional prediction indicated a significant increase in the relative abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria (e.g., <em>Legionella, Leptospira</em>), exhibiting different removal characteristics compared to <em>Escherichia coli</em> across various treatment steps. Even after UV disinfection, these pathogens persist, highlighting a potential pathogenic risk, which deserves more attention. In addition, this study helps explore the relatively under-researched area of microbial variability at different stages (steps) of wastewater treatment, especially in terms of how microbial communities respond to operational processes and environmental conditions. This will offer valuable guidance for addressing water treatment safety challenges encountered in real-world processes.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For antibiotic-enriched waste activated sludge, classical iron-based chemical conditioning significantly enhanced sludge dewaterability. Nevertheless, the intricate constituents within sludge rapidly depleted reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to challenges such as excessive production of iron sludge and inadequate elimination of antibiotics from sludge. Herein, we proposed an innovative strategy integrating biochar with Fe(II) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, aiming to enhance both sludge dewaterability and antibiotics elimination simultaneously. Compared to classical chemical conditioning of Fe(II)/PMS, the presence of biochar not only reduced bound water content of sludge from 1.36 g/g DS to 0.97 g/g DS, but also enhanced sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation rate constant from 0.015 min-1 to 0.042 min-1. Mechanism studies disclosed the essential roles of biochar in modulating Fe oxidative states distribution and reaction sites in multiphase. Initially, biochar elevated Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio from 0.38 to 0.78 by abundant carbon defects, which significantly promoted the cumulative concentration of predominant ROS, hydroxyl radicals (•OH), from 4.6 mM to 8.1 mM. Subsequently, EPS underwent destruction by •OH, leading to the liberation of antibiotics and negatively charged polysaccharides (PS), proteins (PN). Secondly, biochar enriched hydrophobic PN with an elevated ratio of PN/PS from 0.92 to 1.50, while the charge neutralization occurred between Fe(II)/Fe(III) and PN, PS, leading to sludge particles granulation. Finally, the mesoporous structure of biochar not only achieved SMX enrichment, but also enhanced the mass transfer of Fe(II)/Fe(III) from sludge aqueous phase to its surface, ensuring that the in-situ generated •OH efficiently targets the locally concentrated SMX. Overall, this work provides a new guidance for developing biochar-mediated chemical conditioning, aiming to enhance the generation and utilization of •OH for antibiotics elimination from sludge.
{"title":"Enhanced Sludge Dewaterability and Confined Antibiotics Degradation in Biochar-Mediated Chemical Conditioning through Modulating Fe Oxidative States Distribution and Reaction sites in Multiphase","authors":"Siqi Wang, Fang Luo, Lingzhi He, Zhuo Liu, Jia Wang, Zhuwei Liao, Huijie Hou, Junwen Li, Xiaohan Ning, Zhuqi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122789","url":null,"abstract":"For antibiotic-enriched waste activated sludge, classical iron-based chemical conditioning significantly enhanced sludge dewaterability. Nevertheless, the intricate constituents within sludge rapidly depleted reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to challenges such as excessive production of iron sludge and inadequate elimination of antibiotics from sludge. Herein, we proposed an innovative strategy integrating biochar with Fe(II) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, aiming to enhance both sludge dewaterability and antibiotics elimination simultaneously. Compared to classical chemical conditioning of Fe(II)/PMS, the presence of biochar not only reduced bound water content of sludge from 1.36 g/g DS to 0.97 g/g DS, but also enhanced sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation rate constant from 0.015 min<sup>-1</sup> to 0.042 min<sup>-1</sup>. Mechanism studies disclosed the essential roles of biochar in modulating Fe oxidative states distribution and reaction sites in multiphase. Initially, biochar elevated Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio from 0.38 to 0.78 by abundant carbon defects, which significantly promoted the cumulative concentration of predominant ROS, hydroxyl radicals (•OH), from 4.6 mM to 8.1 mM. Subsequently, EPS underwent destruction by •OH, leading to the liberation of antibiotics and negatively charged polysaccharides (PS), proteins (PN). Secondly, biochar enriched hydrophobic PN with an elevated ratio of PN/PS from 0.92 to 1.50, while the charge neutralization occurred between Fe(II)/Fe(III) and PN, PS, leading to sludge particles granulation. Finally, the mesoporous structure of biochar not only achieved SMX enrichment, but also enhanced the mass transfer of Fe(II)/Fe(III) from sludge aqueous phase to its surface, ensuring that the in-situ generated •OH efficiently targets the locally concentrated SMX. Overall, this work provides a new guidance for developing biochar-mediated chemical conditioning, aiming to enhance the generation and utilization of •OH for antibiotics elimination from sludge.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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