Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122297
Emerging contaminants in water represent long-term and unpredictable threats to both environmental and human health due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Current research predominantly focuses on their removal rather than sustained monitoring. This review comprehensively investigates advanced sensor technologies for detecting these contaminants in water, critically evaluating biosensors, optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, and nanomaterial sensors. Elucidating the operational principles, performance metrics such as detection thresholds, and the pros and cons of their practical applications, the review addresses a significant research gap in environmental monitoring. Moreover, it enhances understanding of sensor effectiveness, which in turn guides researchers in selecting the right sensor types for various environmental scenarios. Furthermore, by emphasizing the integration of nanotechnology and the standardization of evaluation protocols, it promotes the development of robust, deployable sensing solutions. Ultimately, this leads to the proposal of a strategic framework aimed at significantly improving the detection capabilities of emerging contaminants and supporting the preservation of environmental health.
{"title":"From challenge to opportunity: Revolutionizing the monitoring of emerging contaminants in water with advanced sensors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emerging contaminants in water represent long-term and unpredictable threats to both environmental and human health due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Current research predominantly focuses on their removal rather than sustained monitoring. This review comprehensively investigates advanced sensor technologies for detecting these contaminants in water, critically evaluating biosensors, optical sensors, electrochemical sensors, and nanomaterial sensors. Elucidating the operational principles, performance metrics such as detection thresholds, and the pros and cons of their practical applications, the review addresses a significant research gap in environmental monitoring. Moreover, it enhances understanding of sensor effectiveness, which in turn guides researchers in selecting the right sensor types for various environmental scenarios. Furthermore, by emphasizing the integration of nanotechnology and the standardization of evaluation protocols, it promotes the development of robust, deployable sensing solutions. Ultimately, this leads to the proposal of a strategic framework aimed at significantly improving the detection capabilities of emerging contaminants and supporting the preservation of environmental health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142089346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122303
The Pollution source identification (PSI) is an important issue on river water quality management especially for urban receiving water. Numerical inversion method is theoretically an effective PSI technique, which employs monitored downstream pollutant breakthrough curves to identify the pollution source. In practice, it is important to know how much monitoring data should be accumulated to provide PSI results with acceptable accuracy and uncertainty. However, no literature reports on this key point and it seriously handers the numerical PSI technology to mature practical applications. To seek a monitoring guideline for PSI, we conducted extensively numerical experiments for single-point source instantaneous release taking Bayesian-MCMC method as the baseline inversion technique. The crucial time (Tc) phenomenon was found during the data accumulation process for Bayesian source inversion. After Tc, estimated source parameters subsequent sustained low error levels and uncertainty convergence. Results shown the presence of Tc impacted by the number and location of monitoring sections, while monitoring frequency and data error do not. Under different river hydrodynamic conditions, relative crucial time (Λ) is determined by the river's Peclet number, and minimum effective Λ was controlled by dispersion coefficient (Dx). Analytic spatial structure of Λ(U, Dx) was uncovered and this relationship successfully explained by the information entropy theory. Based on these findings, a novel design method of PSI emergency monitoring network for preparedness plan and a practical framework of PSI for emergency response were established. These findings fill the important knowledge gap in PSI applications and the guidelines provide valuable references for river water quality management.
{"title":"Crucial time of emergency monitoring for reliable numerical pollution source identification","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Pollution source identification (PSI) is an important issue on river water quality management especially for urban receiving water. Numerical inversion method is theoretically an effective PSI technique, which employs monitored downstream pollutant breakthrough curves to identify the pollution source. In practice, it is important to know how much monitoring data should be accumulated to provide PSI results with acceptable accuracy and uncertainty. However, no literature reports on this key point and it seriously handers the numerical PSI technology to mature practical applications. To seek a monitoring guideline for PSI, we conducted extensively numerical experiments for single-point source instantaneous release taking Bayesian-MCMC method as the baseline inversion technique. The crucial time (<em>T<sub>c</sub></em>) phenomenon was found during the data accumulation process for Bayesian source inversion. After <em>T<sub>c</sub></em>, estimated source parameters subsequent sustained low error levels and uncertainty convergence. Results shown the presence of <em>T<sub>c</sub></em> impacted by the number and location of monitoring sections, while monitoring frequency and data error do not. Under different river hydrodynamic conditions, relative crucial time (Λ) is determined by the river's Peclet number, and minimum effective Λ was controlled by dispersion coefficient (<em>D<sub>x</sub></em>). Analytic spatial structure of Λ(<em>U, D<sub>x</sub></em>) was uncovered and this relationship successfully explained by the information entropy theory. Based on these findings, a novel design method of PSI emergency monitoring network for preparedness plan and a practical framework of PSI for emergency response were established. These findings fill the important knowledge gap in PSI applications and the guidelines provide valuable references for river water quality management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122307
Ethanol feeding has been widely documented as an economical and effective strategy for establishing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) during anaerobic digestion. However, the mechanisms involved are still unclear, especially on correlation between intracellular electron transfer in electroactive bacteria and their gene expression for electrically conductive pili (e-pili), the most essential electrical connection component for DIET. Upon cooling from room temperature, the conductivity of digester aggregates with ethanol exponentially increased by an order of magnitude (from 45.5 to 125.4 μS/cm), whereas which with its metabolites (acetaldehyde [from 40.5 to 54.4 μS/cm] or acetate [from 32.1 to 50.4 μS/cm]) did not increase significantly. In addition, the digester aggregates only with ethanol were observed with a strong dependence of conductivity on pH. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis showed that Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was the most dominant and metabolically active bacterium that contained and highly expressed the genes for e-pili. Abundance of genes encoding the total type IV pilus assembly proteins (6.72E-04 vs 1.24E-03, P < 0.05), PilA that determined the conductive properties (2.22E-04 vs 2.44E-04, P > 0.05), and PilB that proceeded the polymerization of pilin (1.56E-04 vs 3.52E-03, P < 0.05) with ethanol was lower than that with acetaldehyde. However, transcript abundance of these genes with ethanol was generally higher than that with acetaldehyde. In comparison to acetaldehyde, ethanol increased the transcript abundance of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in NADH/NAD+ transformation on complex I and ATP synthesis on complex V in intracellular electron transport chain. The improvement of intracellular electron transfer in D. desulfuricans suggested that electrons were intracellularly energized with high energy to activate e-pili during DIET.
乙醇喂养被广泛认为是在厌氧消化过程中建立种间直接电子传递(DIET)的一种经济而有效的策略。然而,其中的机制仍不清楚,尤其是电活性细菌细胞内电子传递与导电纤毛(e-pili)基因表达之间的相关性,而导电纤毛是直接种间电子传递最基本的电连接成分。从室温冷却后,含有乙醇的消化器聚集体的电导率呈指数级增长(从 45.5 μS/cm 增长到 125.4 μS/cm),而含有乙醇代谢物(乙醛 [从 40.5 μS/cm 增长到 54.4 μS/cm] 或乙酸盐 [从 32.1 μS/cm 增长到 50.4 μS/cm])的消化器聚集体的电导率则没有显著增长。此外,只观察到乙醇的消化器聚集体,其电导率与 pH 值密切相关。元基因组学和元转录物组学分析表明,最主要和代谢最活跃的细菌是含有并高表达 e-pili 基因的细菌。与乙醇相比,编码总的 IV 型柔毛组装蛋白(6.72E-04 vs 1.24E-03,< 0.05)、决定导电性能的 PilA(2.22E-04 vs 2.44E-04,> 0.05)和进行柔毛聚合的 PilB(1.56E-04 vs 3.52E-03,< 0.05)的基因丰度较低。然而,这些基因在乙醇中的转录丰度普遍高于乙醛。与乙醛相比,乙醇增加了细胞内电子传递链中参与复合体 I 上 NADH/NAD 转化和复合体 V 上 ATP 合成的关键酶编码基因的转录丰度。细胞内电子传递的改善表明,在 DIET 过程中,电子在细胞内获得了高能量,从而激活了电子纤毛。
{"title":"Correlation between intracellular electron transfer and gene expression for electrically conductive pili in electroactive bacteria during anaerobic digestion with ethanol","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ethanol feeding has been widely documented as an economical and effective strategy for establishing direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) during anaerobic digestion. However, the mechanisms involved are still unclear, especially on correlation between intracellular electron transfer in electroactive bacteria and their gene expression for electrically conductive pili (e-pili), the most essential electrical connection component for DIET. Upon cooling from room temperature, the conductivity of digester aggregates with ethanol exponentially increased by an order of magnitude (from 45.5 to 125.4 μS/cm), whereas which with its metabolites (acetaldehyde [from 40.5 to 54.4 μS/cm] or acetate [from 32.1 to 50.4 μS/cm]) did not increase significantly. In addition, the digester aggregates only with ethanol were observed with a strong dependence of conductivity on pH. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis showed that <em>Desulfovibrio desulfuricans</em> was the most dominant and metabolically active bacterium that contained and highly expressed the genes for e-pili. Abundance of genes encoding the total type IV pilus assembly proteins (6.72E-04 vs 1.24E-03, <em>P</em> < 0.05), PilA that determined the conductive properties (2.22E-04 vs 2.44E-04, <em>P</em> > 0.05), and PilB that proceeded the polymerization of pilin (1.56E-04 vs 3.52E-03, <em>P</em> < 0.05) with ethanol was lower than that with acetaldehyde. However, transcript abundance of these genes with ethanol was generally higher than that with acetaldehyde. In comparison to acetaldehyde, ethanol increased the transcript abundance of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in NADH/NAD<sup>+</sup> transformation on complex I and ATP synthesis on complex V in intracellular electron transport chain. The improvement of intracellular electron transfer in <em>D. desulfuricans</em> suggested that electrons were intracellularly energized with high energy to activate e-pili during DIET.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142043720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122319
Cyanobacteria-derived organic carbon has been reported to intensify greenhouse gas emissions from lacustrine sediments. However, the specific processes of CH4 and CO2 production and release from sediments into the atmosphere remain unclear, especially in eutrophic lakes. To investigate the influence of severe cyanobacteria accumulation on the production and migration of sedimentary CH4 and CO2, this study examined the different trophic level lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results demonstrated that eutrophication amplified CH4 and CO2 emissions, notably in Lake Taihu, where fluxes peaked at 929.9 and 7222.5 μmol/m2·h, mirroring dissolved gas levels in overlying waters. Increased sedimentary organic carbon raised dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations in pore-water, with isotopic tracking showing cyanobacteria-derived carbon specifically elevated CH4 and CO2 in surface sediment pore-water more than in deeper layers. Cyanobacteria-derived carbon deposition on surface sediment boosted organic carbon and moisture levels, fostering an anaerobic microenvironment conducive to enhanced biogenic CH4 and CO2 production in surface sediments. In the microcosm systems with the most severe cyanobacteria accumulation, average CH4 and CO2 concentrations in surface sediments reached 6.9 and 2.3 mol/L, respectively, surpassing the 4.7 and 1.4 mol/L observed in bottom sediments, indicating upward migration of CH4 and CO2 hotspots from deeper to surface layers. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lake sediment carbon emissions induced by eutrophication and provide a more accurate assessment of lake carbon emissions.
据报道,源自蓝藻的有机碳会加剧湖泊沉积物的温室气体排放。然而,CH 和 CO 从沉积物中产生并释放到大气中的具体过程仍不清楚,尤其是在富营养化湖泊中。为了研究蓝藻严重积累对沉积物中 CH 和 CO 的产生和迁移的影响,本研究考察了长江中下游不同营养级的湖泊。结果表明,富营养化放大了CH和CO的排放,尤其是在太湖,通量峰值分别为929.9和7222.5 μmol/m-h,反映了上覆水域的溶解气体水平。沉积有机碳的增加提高了孔隙水中溶解的CH和CO浓度,同位素追踪显示蓝藻衍生碳对表层沉积孔隙水CH和CO浓度的升高比对深层沉积孔隙水CH和CO浓度的升高更明显。蓝藻衍生碳沉积在表层沉积物上,提高了有机碳和湿度水平,营造了一个厌氧的微环境,有利于提高表层沉积物中生物源 CH 和 CO 的产生。在蓝藻积累最严重的微生态系统中,表层沉积物中 CH 和 CO 的平均浓度分别达到 6.9 和 2.3 mol/L,超过了在底层沉积物中观察到的 4.7 和 1.4 mol/L,这表明 CH 和 CO 的热点从深层向表层上移。这些发现加深了我们对富营养化诱导湖泊沉积物碳排放机制的理解,并提供了更准确的湖泊碳排放评估。
{"title":"Cyanobacteria decay alters CH4 and CO2 produced hotspots along vertical sediment profiles in eutrophic lakes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyanobacteria-derived organic carbon has been reported to intensify greenhouse gas emissions from lacustrine sediments. However, the specific processes of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> production and release from sediments into the atmosphere remain unclear, especially in eutrophic lakes. To investigate the influence of severe cyanobacteria accumulation on the production and migration of sedimentary CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, this study examined the different trophic level lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The results demonstrated that eutrophication amplified CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, notably in Lake Taihu, where fluxes peaked at 929.9 and 7222.5 μmol/m<sup>2</sup>·h, mirroring dissolved gas levels in overlying waters. Increased sedimentary organic carbon raised dissolved CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in pore-water, with isotopic tracking showing cyanobacteria-derived carbon specifically elevated CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> in surface sediment pore-water more than in deeper layers. Cyanobacteria-derived carbon deposition on surface sediment boosted organic carbon and moisture levels, fostering an anaerobic microenvironment conducive to enhanced biogenic CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> production in surface sediments. In the microcosm systems with the most severe cyanobacteria accumulation, average CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in surface sediments reached 6.9 and 2.3 mol/L, respectively, surpassing the 4.7 and 1.4 mol/L observed in bottom sediments, indicating upward migration of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> hotspots from deeper to surface layers. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying lake sediment carbon emissions induced by eutrophication and provide a more accurate assessment of lake carbon emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122306
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) serve as building blocks for a wide range of chemicals, but it is difficult to extract VFAs from pH-neutral wastewater using evaporation methods because of the ionized form. This study presents a new membrane electrolysis distillation (MED) process that extracts VFAs from such fermentation solutions. MED uniquely integrates pH regulation and joule heating to facilitate the efficient evaporation of VFAs. This integration occurs alongside a hydrophobic membrane that ensures effective gas-liquid phase separation. Operating solely on electricity, MED achieved an acid flux rate of 12.03 g/m2/h at 6V. In contrast, the control results without the joule heating or pH swing only obtained a 0.23 g/m2/h and 0.32 g/m2/h flux, respectively. In addition, a physicochemical model was developed to assess the impacts of temperature on membrane surface pH. This system enhances resource recovery from waste streams and helps achieve a circular carbon economy.
{"title":"Membrane electrolysis distillation for volatile fatty acids extraction from pH-neutral fermented wastewater","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) serve as building blocks for a wide range of chemicals, but it is difficult to extract VFAs from pH-neutral wastewater using evaporation methods because of the ionized form. This study presents a new membrane electrolysis distillation (MED) process that extracts VFAs from such fermentation solutions. MED uniquely integrates pH regulation and joule heating to facilitate the efficient evaporation of VFAs. This integration occurs alongside a hydrophobic membrane that ensures effective gas-liquid phase separation. Operating solely on electricity, MED achieved an acid flux rate of 12.03 g/m<sup>2</sup>/h at 6V. In contrast, the control results without the joule heating or pH swing only obtained a 0.23 g/m<sup>2</sup>/h and 0.32 g/m<sup>2</sup>/h flux, respectively. In addition, a physicochemical model was developed to assess the impacts of temperature on membrane surface pH. This system enhances resource recovery from waste streams and helps achieve a circular carbon economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122305
Aquifers, which provide drinking water for nearly half the world's population, face significant challenges from microbial contamination, particularly from waterborne viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV), norovirus (NoV) and enterovirus (EV). This study, conducted as part of the UPWATER project, investigates the sources of urban groundwater contamination using viral passive sampling (VPS) and target enrichment sequencing (TES). We assessed the abundance of eight viral pathogens (HAdV, EV, NoV genogroup I and II, rotavirus, influenza A virus, hepatitis E virus and SARS-CoV-2) and investigated the virome diversity of groundwater in the aquifer of the Besòs River Delta in Catalonia. Over a period of 7 months, we collected 114 samples from the aquifer using nylon and nitrocellulose membranes to adsorb viruses over a 10-day period. Human faecal contamination was detected in nearly 50 % of the groundwater samples, with mean HAdV total counts ranging from 1.23E+02 to 3.66E+03 GC, and occasional detections of EV and NoV GI and GII. In addition, deep sequencing revealed a diverse virome in the aquifer, with detection of human pathogens, including adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, enterovirus, herpesvirus, papillomavirus and rotavirus. Time-integrated sampling using VPS increases the likelihood of virus detection and, when combined with TES, can provide a deeper understanding of virus prevalence in this important water compartment. This approach is expected to streamline long-term monitoring efforts and enable small communities or water managers with limited resources to effectively manage their groundwater reservoirs.
含水层为全球近一半的人口提供饮用水,但却面临着微生物污染的巨大挑战,尤其是人腺病毒 (HAdV)、诺如病毒 (NoV) 和肠道病毒 (EV) 等水传播病毒的污染。本研究是 UPWATER 项目的一部分,利用病毒被动采样(VPS)和目标富集测序(TES)调查城市地下水污染的来源。我们评估了八种病毒病原体(HAdV、EV、NoV 基因组 I 和 II、轮状病毒、甲型流感病毒、戊型肝炎病毒和 SARS-CoV-2 )的丰度,并调查了加泰罗尼亚贝索斯河三角洲含水层地下水病毒组的多样性。在 7 个月的时间里,我们从含水层中采集了 114 个样本,使用尼龙膜和硝酸纤维素膜在 10 天内吸附病毒。在近 50% 的地下水样本中检测到人类粪便污染,HAdV 的平均总计数从 1.23E+02 到 3.66E+03 GC 不等,偶尔还检测到 EV 和 NoV GI 和 GII。此外,深度测序显示含水层中的病毒群多种多样,检测到人类病原体,包括腺病毒、星状病毒、卡里科病毒、肠道病毒、疱疹病毒、乳头瘤病毒和轮状病毒。使用 VPS 进行时间整合采样可增加检测到病毒的可能性,如果与 TES 结合使用,则可更深入地了解这一重要水域的病毒流行情况。这种方法有望简化长期监测工作,使资源有限的小型社区或水管理者能够有效管理其地下水库。
{"title":"Exploring waterborne viruses in groundwater: Quantification and Virome characterization via passive sampling and targeted enrichment sequencing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aquifers, which provide drinking water for nearly half the world's population, face significant challenges from microbial contamination, particularly from waterborne viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV), norovirus (NoV) and enterovirus (EV). This study, conducted as part of the UPWATER project, investigates the sources of urban groundwater contamination using viral passive sampling (VPS) and target enrichment sequencing (TES). We assessed the abundance of eight viral pathogens (HAdV, EV, NoV genogroup I and II, rotavirus, influenza A virus, hepatitis E virus and SARS-CoV-2) and investigated the virome diversity of groundwater in the aquifer of the Besòs River Delta in Catalonia. Over a period of 7 months, we collected 114 samples from the aquifer using nylon and nitrocellulose membranes to adsorb viruses over a 10-day period. Human faecal contamination was detected in nearly 50 % of the groundwater samples, with mean HAdV total counts ranging from 1.23E+02 to 3.66E+03 GC, and occasional detections of EV and NoV GI and GII. In addition, deep sequencing revealed a diverse virome in the aquifer, with detection of human pathogens, including adenovirus, astrovirus, calicivirus, enterovirus, herpesvirus, papillomavirus and rotavirus. Time-integrated sampling using VPS increases the likelihood of virus detection and, when combined with TES, can provide a deeper understanding of virus prevalence in this important water compartment. This approach is expected to streamline long-term monitoring efforts and enable small communities or water managers with limited resources to effectively manage their groundwater reservoirs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135424012041/pdfft?md5=d65eeb11fb9cccb3e05ebe8e5ac73097&pid=1-s2.0-S0043135424012041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142098755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122316
Submerged macrophytes remediation is a commonly used technique for improving water quality and restoring habitat in aquatic ecosystems. However, the drivers of success in the submerged macrophytes assembly process and their specific impacts on methane emissions are poorly understood. Thus, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to test the growth plasticity and carbon fixation of widespread submerged macrophytes (Vallisneria natans) under different nutrient conditions. A refined dynamic chamber method was utilized to concurrently collect and quantify methane emission fluxes arising from ebullition and diffusion processes. Significant correlations were found between methane flux and variations in the physiological activities of V. nantas by the fluorescence imaging system. Our results show that exceeding tolerance thresholds of ammonia in the water significantly interfered with the photosynthetic systems in submerged leaves and the radial oxygen loss in adventitious roots. The recovery process of V. natans accelerated the consumption of dissolved oxygen, leading to increase in the populations of methanogen (153.3 % increase of mcrA genes) and subsequently elevating CH4 emission fluxes (23.7 %) under high nutrient concentrations. Conversely, V. natans increased the available organic carbon under low nutrient conditions by radial oxygen loss, further increasing CH4 emission fluxes (94.7 %). Quantitative genetic and modeling analyses revealed that plant restoration processes drive ecological niche differentiation of methanogenic and methane oxidation microorganisms, affecting methane release fluxes within the restored area. The speciation process of V. natans is incapable of simultaneously meeting improved water purification and reduced methane emissions goals.
{"title":"Overlooked drivers of the greenhouse effect: The nutrient-methane nexus mediated by submerged macrophytes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Submerged macrophytes remediation is a commonly used technique for improving water quality and restoring habitat in aquatic ecosystems. However, the drivers of success in the submerged macrophytes assembly process and their specific impacts on methane emissions are poorly understood. Thus, we conducted a mesocosm experiment to test the growth plasticity and carbon fixation of widespread submerged macrophytes (<em>Vallisneria natans</em>) under different nutrient conditions. A refined dynamic chamber method was utilized to concurrently collect and quantify methane emission fluxes arising from ebullition and diffusion processes. Significant correlations were found between methane flux and variations in the physiological activities of <em>V. nantas</em> by the fluorescence imaging system. Our results show that exceeding tolerance thresholds of ammonia in the water significantly interfered with the photosynthetic systems in submerged leaves and the radial oxygen loss in adventitious roots. The recovery process of <em>V. natans</em> accelerated the consumption of dissolved oxygen, leading to increase in the populations of methanogen (153.3 % increase of <em>mcrA</em> genes) and subsequently elevating CH<sub>4</sub> emission fluxes (23.7 %) under high nutrient concentrations. Conversely, <em>V. natans</em> increased the available organic carbon under low nutrient conditions by radial oxygen loss, further increasing CH<sub>4</sub> emission fluxes (94.7 %). Quantitative genetic and modeling analyses revealed that plant restoration processes drive ecological niche differentiation of methanogenic and methane oxidation microorganisms, affecting methane release fluxes within the restored area. The speciation process of <em>V. natans</em> is incapable of simultaneously meeting improved water purification and reduced methane emissions goals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142101400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122304
The main pressing problems should be solved for heterogeneous catalysts in activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are sluggish mass transfer kinetics and low intrinsic activity. Here, oxygen vacancies (Vo)-rich of Co3O4 nanosheets were anchored on the superficies of spirulina-based reduced graphene oxide-konjac glucomannan (KGM) aerogel (R-Co3O4-x/SRGA). The porous structure and superhydrophilicity conferred by KGM maximized the diffusion and transport of reactant. More interestingly, R-Co3O4-x/SRGA came true self-suspension rather than conventional self-floating without the aid of external force, maximizing space utilization and facilitating catalysts recovery. Anchored R-Co3O4-x nanosheets acted as “engines” to drive the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) manifested Vo was capable of breaking the symmetry of the electronic structure of Co3O4. The formation of asymmetric active sites (Vo) was revealed to modulate the d-band center, enhanced affinity for PMS, and promoted evolution of high-valent cobalt-oxo (Co(IV)=O) species. R-Co3O4-x/SRGA achieved complete removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 12 min. Furthermore, R-Co3O4-x/SRGA demonstrated exceptional stability in the presence of various environmental interference factors and continuous flow device. This insightful work cleverly integrates the macroscopic design of structure, and the microscopic regulation of active sites is expected to open up new opportunities for the development of water treatment.
{"title":"Asymmetric defective sites-mediated high-valent cobalt-oxo species in self-suspension aerogel platform for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The main pressing problems should be solved for heterogeneous catalysts in activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) are sluggish mass transfer kinetics and low intrinsic activity. Here, oxygen vacancies (Vo)-rich of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanosheets were anchored on the superficies of <em>spirulina</em>-based reduced graphene oxide-konjac glucomannan (KGM) aerogel (R-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4-x</sub>/SRGA). The porous structure and superhydrophilicity conferred by KGM maximized the diffusion and transport of reactant. More interestingly, R-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4-x</sub>/SRGA came true self-suspension rather than conventional self-floating without the aid of external force, maximizing space utilization and facilitating catalysts recovery. Anchored R-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4-x</sub> nanosheets acted as “engines” to drive the reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) manifested Vo was capable of breaking the symmetry of the electronic structure of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The formation of asymmetric active sites (Vo) was revealed to modulate the d-band center, enhanced affinity for PMS, and promoted evolution of high-valent cobalt-oxo (Co(IV)=O) species. R-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4-x</sub>/SRGA achieved complete removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) within 12 min. Furthermore, R-Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4-x</sub>/SRGA demonstrated exceptional stability in the presence of various environmental interference factors and continuous flow device. This insightful work cleverly integrates the macroscopic design of structure, and the microscopic regulation of active sites is expected to open up new opportunities for the development of water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122314
The mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process represents a significant innovation in decarbonizing municipal wastewater treatment. However, its implementation is considerably hampered by the challenge of stable nitrite supply. In this study, a pilot-scale PN/A system receiving real sewage (20 m3) was operated at room temperature for nearly one year. Remarkable PN performance with relatively high nitrite accumulation ratio of 75.04 ± 10.05 % was obtained via in-situ free ammonia (FA) strategy. The ammonium concentration enriched in the zeolite increased significantly by 548.8 times compared to that in the aqueous phase by ion exchange. This substantial increase robustly inhibited nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), resulting in high relative abundance ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to NOB of 37.93 ± 12.61 in the zeolite biofilm, compared to 10.22 ± 1.67 in suspended floc sludge. The significant differences in FA concentrations between zeolite biofilm and suspended floc sludge resulted in distinct spatial distribution disparities of AOB and NOB, which were central to achieving stable nitrite accumulation without complex multiple selective pressures. Consequently, compliant effluent with total nitrogen of 10.91 ± 4.23 mg N/L was achieved at 10.4-31.1 °C without external carbon source addition. The biocarriers in the anammox process played a key role in enhancing functional genes and electron flow, supporting anammox-dominated nitrogen removal. This study presents a flexible and adaptable strategy for mainstream nitrite shunting, highlighting its potential for large-scale implementation of mainstream anammox treatment.
{"title":"Achieving nitrite shunt using in-situ free ammonia enriched by natural zeolite: Pilot-scale mainstream anammox with flexible nitritation strategy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mainstream partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process represents a significant innovation in decarbonizing municipal wastewater treatment. However, its implementation is considerably hampered by the challenge of stable nitrite supply. In this study, a pilot-scale PN/A system receiving real sewage (20 m<sup>3</sup>) was operated at room temperature for nearly one year. Remarkable PN performance with relatively high nitrite accumulation ratio of 75.04 ± 10.05 % was obtained via in-situ free ammonia (FA) strategy. The ammonium concentration enriched in the zeolite increased significantly by 548.8 times compared to that in the aqueous phase by ion exchange. This substantial increase robustly inhibited nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), resulting in high relative abundance ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to NOB of 37.93 ± 12.61 in the zeolite biofilm, compared to 10.22 ± 1.67 in suspended floc sludge. The significant differences in FA concentrations between zeolite biofilm and suspended floc sludge resulted in distinct spatial distribution disparities of AOB and NOB, which were central to achieving stable nitrite accumulation without complex multiple selective pressures. Consequently, compliant effluent with total nitrogen of 10.91 ± 4.23 mg N/L was achieved at 10.4-31.1 °C without external carbon source addition. The biocarriers in the anammox process played a key role in enhancing functional genes and electron flow, supporting anammox-dominated nitrogen removal. This study presents a flexible and adaptable strategy for mainstream nitrite shunting, highlighting its potential for large-scale implementation of mainstream anammox treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122282
Clostridium perfringens (CP) is a common cause of foodborne infection, leading to significant human health risks and a high economic burden. Thus, effective CP disease surveillance is essential for preventive and therapeutic interventions; however, conventional practices often entail complex, resource-intensive, and costly procedures. This study introduced a data-driven machine learning (ML) modeling framework for CP-related disease surveillance. It leveraged an integrated dataset of municipal wastewater microbiome (e.g., CP abundance), crowdsourced (CP-related web search keywords), and environmental data. Various optimization strategies, including data integration, data normalization, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning, were implemented to improve the ML modeling performance, leading to enhanced predictions of CP cases over time. Explainable artificial intelligence methods identified CP abundance as the most reliable predictor of CP disease cases. Multi-omics subsequently revealed the presence of CP and its genotypes/toxinotypes in wastewater, validating the utility of microbiome-data-enabled ML surveillance for foodborne diseases. This ML-based framework thus exhibits significant potential for complementing and reinforcing existing disease surveillance systems.
(CP)是食源性感染的常见病因,对人类健康造成重大风险,并带来沉重的经济负担。因此,有效的 CP 疾病监测对于预防和治疗干预措施至关重要;然而,传统的做法往往需要复杂、资源密集和成本高昂的程序。本研究为 CP 相关疾病监测引入了数据驱动的机器学习(ML)建模框架。它利用了城市污水微生物组(如 CP 丰度)、众包(CP 相关网络搜索关键词)和环境数据的综合数据集。为提高 ML 建模性能,实施了各种优化策略,包括数据整合、数据归一化、模型选择和超参数调整,从而提高了对 CP 病例随时间变化的预测能力。可解释的人工智能方法发现,CP 丰度是预测 CP 病例的最可靠指标。多组学随后揭示了废水中存在的氯化石蜡及其基因型/毒素型,验证了微生物组数据支持的 ML 监测对食源性疾病的实用性。因此,这一基于多组学的框架在补充和加强现有疾病监测系统方面具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Machine learning surveillance of foodborne infectious diseases using wastewater microbiome, crowdsourced, and environmental data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Clostridium perfringens</em> (CP) is a common cause of foodborne infection, leading to significant human health risks and a high economic burden. Thus, effective CP disease surveillance is essential for preventive and therapeutic interventions; however, conventional practices often entail complex, resource-intensive, and costly procedures. This study introduced a data-driven machine learning (ML) modeling framework for CP-related disease surveillance. It leveraged an integrated dataset of municipal wastewater microbiome (e.g., CP abundance), crowdsourced (CP-related web search keywords), and environmental data. Various optimization strategies, including data integration, data normalization, model selection, and hyperparameter tuning, were implemented to improve the ML modeling performance, leading to enhanced predictions of CP cases over time. Explainable artificial intelligence methods identified CP abundance as the most reliable predictor of CP disease cases. Multi-omics subsequently revealed the presence of CP and its genotypes/toxinotypes in wastewater, validating the utility of microbiome-data-enabled ML surveillance for foodborne diseases. This ML-based framework thus exhibits significant potential for complementing and reinforcing existing disease surveillance systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142022238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}