Water Research最新文献_第6页

An emerging sink for phosphorus in lake ecosystems: Microplastic-enabled iron and phosphorus costabilization in the overlying water 湖泊生态系统中一个新兴的磷汇：微塑料使上覆水体中的铁和磷稳定

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125422

Cong Xiao , Wanying Zhang , Baowen Liang , Wen Xiong , Yao Du

While microplastics (MPs) are known to influence the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus (P) in lake ecosystems, a critical gap remains in understanding their specific role as environmental vectors in the overlying water. This study investigated the mechanisms and aging effects (induced by UV irradiation) of MPs acting as novel interfaces mediating iron-phosphorus immobilization under simulated lake overlying water conditions (neutral pH and low dissolved oxygen, < 0.2 mg/L). The results indicated that unaged and aged MPs exhibited no adsorption capacity for P in only PO₄^3- condition. In contrast, within the Fe(II) and PO₄^3- co-existing condition, MPs mediated the surface oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III); the resulting Fe(III) then enabled the efficient co-immobilization with PO₄^3- through distinct microscopic mechanisms specific to each polymer type. Specifically, Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) achieved this via chemical bridging (Fe-O-P bonds), whereas Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) relied on physically induced heterogeneous nucleation. The increased capacity of PP, PE, and CPE (12%-17.2%) correlated with the rise in surface oxygen-containing functional groups after aging. Conversely, the capacity of PLA decreased because crystallization encapsulated the active sites. This study demonstrates the effective and polymer-specific immobilization of P onto MPs in Fe(II)-rich overlying water. This process enables MPs to function as both temporary sinks and potential mobile carriers with re-release risks, highlighting the necessity of incorporating such mechanisms into eutrophication risk assessments.

虽然已知微塑料（MPs）会影响湖泊生态系统中磷(P)的生物地球化学循环，但在了解它们在上覆水体中作为环境载体的具体作用方面仍存在一个关键空白。本研究探讨了在模拟湖泊上覆水条件下（中性pH和低溶解氧，0.2 mg/L） MPs作为新型界面介导铁磷固定化的机理和老化效应（由紫外线照射诱导）。结果表明，仅在PO43-条件下，未老化和老化的MPs对P没有吸附能力。相反，在Fe（II）和PO43-共存的条件下，MPs介导了Fe（II）表面氧化为Fe(III)；所得的Fe（III）通过不同聚合物类型的不同微观机制实现了与PO43-的有效共固定。具体来说，氯化聚乙烯（CPE）和聚乳酸（PLA）通过化学桥接（Fe-O-P键）实现了这一点，而聚丙烯（PP）和聚乙烯（PE）则依赖于物理诱导的非均相成核。老化后PP、PE和CPE的容量增加（12% ~ 17.2%）与表面含氧官能团的增加有关。相反，PLA的容量下降是因为结晶包裹了活性位点。该研究证明了在富铁（II）的上覆水中，P有效且聚合物特异性地固定在MPs上。这一过程使MPs既可以作为临时汇，也可以作为具有再释放风险的潜在移动载体，突出了将此类机制纳入富营养化风险评估的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Floating macrophyte growth and decomposition greatly affects the exogenous antimony mobility and microbial community functions in water-sediment system 浮游植物的生长和分解极大地影响了水沙系统中外源锑的迁移和微生物群落功能

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125448

Jining Li , Wenwen Dong , Anqi Kong , Gelin Wang , Jianhua Yang , Yiwen Zhou , Kang Song , Linghao Kong , Lizhi Tong

Anthropogenic antimony (Sb) contamination in aquatic systems poses persistent ecological risks, yet the role of floating macrophyte life-cycle processes in regulating Sb migration and speciation remains poorly understood. In this study, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate how the growth and decomposition of Alternanthera philoxeroides (AP) influence Sb mobility and transformation following exogenous Sb(V) input. Results show that Sb was ultimately sequestered in sediments, which acted as a dynamic regulator rather than a passive sink, controlling Sb retention and long-term reactivity. Rapid surface adsorption was followed by progressive downward migration driven by redox-sensitive remobilization and re-adsorption onto deeper mineral phases, with Sb predominantly associated with amorphous and poorly crystalline Fe/Al (hydr)oxides (67.3–84.1%). Growth of AP accelerated Sb removal from the water column mainly through indirect, DOM-mediated sequestration rather than direct plant uptake, while simultaneously enhancing the vertical redistribution of bioavailable Sb within sediments. In contrast, AP removal followed by decomposition caused pronounced physical and biogeochemical disturbances. These disturbances induced transient reducing conditions, organic matter release, and a marked increase in pH (up to 9.14), collectively promoting Sb remobilization and Sb(III) release into the overlying water. As a result, Sb(III) concentrations were up to 67-fold higher than those in the unvegetated control. Exogenous Sb strongly reshaped sediment microbial communities, selectively enriching metal-tolerant taxa such as Actinomycetota (genus Streptomyces) and favoring functional traits related to Sb detoxification and elemental cycling. Metagenomic evidence indicates that Sb resistance, coupled with coordinated C, N, P, and S cycling functions, enables the indigenous microbiome to actively regulate Sb speciation and mobility, particularly under organic matter inputs derived from macrophyte growth and decomposition. These findings demonstrate that floating macrophytes exert process-level control over Sb cycling, with life-cycle–mediated biogeochemical feedbacks governing its mobility, speciation, and persistence in water–sediment systems.

水生系统中的人为锑污染造成了持续的生态风险，但浮游植物生命周期过程在调节锑迁移和物种形成中的作用尚不清楚。本研究通过中观实验研究了外源Sb(V)输入后，互花草（Alternanthera philoxeroides， AP）的生长和分解对Sb迁移和转化的影响。结果表明，Sb最终被封存在沉积物中，而沉积物不是被动的汇，而是一个动态的调节器，控制着Sb的滞留和长期反应性。在快速表面吸附之后，在氧化还原敏感的再活化和再吸附的驱动下，Sb主要与无定形和低结晶度的Fe/Al（氢）氧化物（67.3-84.1%）结合。AP的生长加速了水体中锑的去除，主要是通过间接的、dom介导的封存而不是直接的植物吸收，同时增强了沉积物中生物可利用锑的垂直再分布。相反，AP去除后的分解会引起明显的物理和生物地球化学干扰。这些干扰导致了短暂的还原条件、有机物释放和pH值的显著增加（高达9.14），共同促进了Sb的再活化和Sb（III）释放到上覆水体中。结果表明，Sb（III）的浓度是未植被对照的67倍。外源Sb强烈重塑了沉积物微生物群落，选择性地丰富了放线菌（Streptomyces属）等耐金属分类群，并有利于Sb解毒和元素循环相关的功能性状。宏基因组学证据表明，锑抗性加上协同的C、N、P和S循环功能，使本地微生物组能够主动调节锑的形成和迁移，特别是在来自大型植物生长和分解的有机物输入下。这些发现表明，浮游植物对Sb循环具有过程水平的控制作用，其生命周期介导的生物地球化学反馈控制着其在水-沉积物系统中的流动性、物种形成和持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Viral community dynamics and virus–prokaryote interactions in a full-scale constructed wetland 全尺寸人工湿地中病毒群落动态和病毒-原核生物相互作用

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125431

Yi Sun , Hao Qin , Tao Liu , Shuyuan Zhao , Yi Chen

Microorganisms are key drivers of nutrient and pollutant removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). Viruses are increasingly recognized for their role in regulating microbial communities through interactions with their hosts. However, their specific roles within CW biofilms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, samples were collected from a full-scale CW employed for tertiary treatment. The viral community, prokaryotic community, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) composition were analyzed to elucidate the ecological roles of viruses and the dynamics of virus–prokaryote interactions. Our results revealed that viral and prokaryotic communities in CWs exhibited seasonal dynamics and were closely interconnected. The abundance ratio of lytic to lysogenic phages showed a significant negative correlation with prokaryotic α-diversity (Shannon R² = 0.35, p < 0.05; Richness R² = 0.34, p < 0.05), suggesting an association between shifts in viral infection strategies and prokaryotic community diversity. Phages infected both bacteria and archaea in CWs, and virus–host patterns in core bacterial taxa were broadly consistent with the “Kill-the-Winner” model. Moreover, phage-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to C, N, P, and S metabolism showed seasonal shifts in functional composition, indicating season-dependent variation in viral functional potential that may be associated with biogeochemical cycling in CWs. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive profile of viral communities in CWs and highlights the potential role of phages in shaping microbial community structure and function, offering new insights into virus–host interactions within biofilms in nature-based wastewater treatment technology.

微生物是人工湿地去除营养物和污染物的关键驱动力。病毒通过与宿主的相互作用，在调节微生物群落方面的作用日益得到认可。然而，它们在CW生物膜中的具体作用尚未阐明。在这项研究中，样本是从一个用于三级处理的全尺寸连续化武中收集的。分析了病毒群落、原核生物群落和细胞外聚合物（EPS）的组成，阐明了病毒的生态作用和病毒与原核生物相互作用的动力学。研究结果表明，病毒和原核生物群落具有季节性动态，且相互联系密切。溶溶性噬菌体与溶原性噬菌体的丰度比与原核生物α-多样性呈显著负相关（Shannon R² = 0.35,p < 0.05；丰富度R² = 0.34,p < 0.05），表明病毒感染策略的改变与原核生物群落多样性之间存在关联。噬菌体同时感染CWs中的细菌和古细菌，核心细菌分类群中的病毒-宿主模式与“Kill-the-Winner”模型基本一致。此外，与C、N、P和S代谢相关的噬菌体编码辅助代谢基因（AMGs）在功能组成上呈现季节性变化，表明病毒功能潜力的季节依赖性变化可能与生物地球化学循环有关。总的来说，本研究提供了CWs中病毒群落的全面资料，并强调了噬菌体在塑造微生物群落结构和功能方面的潜在作用，为基于自然的废水处理技术中生物膜内病毒-宿主相互作用提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

In-Situ sulfur implantation efficiently promoting nitrogen removal in low-carbon anoxic-oxic systems 原位硫注入高效促进低碳缺氧-好氧系统脱氮

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125412

Jia-Min Xu , Miao Gu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Guodong Zhang , Jia-Qiang Lv , Yu-Qi Wang , Yao Chen , Guijiao Zhang , Daheng Ren , Xuchen Ba , Bin Gao , Hao-Yi Cheng

Efficient total nitrogen (TN) removal from low-carbon wastewater remains challenging due to electron donor scarcity, often causing incomplete denitrification and nitrite accumulation. To address this, an in-situ sulfur-enhanced anoxic/oxic (HS⁰AD-A/O) system was established, enabling S⁰-driven electron redistribution for enhanced TN removal without additional carbon input or process restructuring. Under decreasing influent C/N ratios (4 to 2), HS⁰AD-A/O outperformed conventional HD-A/O by 32.76–111.16% of TN removal efficiency. Electron balance showed S⁰ oxidation contributed 9.21–27.59% of total electron flux, compensating for carbon deficiency. Increasing the S⁰ implantation ratio to 28% shifted the dominant pathway toward S⁰-based autotrophic denitrification, where S⁰-derived electrons surpassed those from COD (58.27% vs. 41.73%). Kinetic assays revealed that S⁰-driven denitrification preferentially reduced NO₂⁻ over NO₃⁻, thereby minimizing NO₂⁻ accumulation and yielding a distinct S⁰‑saving effect (1.14–1.57 g-S⁰/g-N here). Microbial and transcriptional analyses further elucidated a synergistic division of labor: heterotrophic denitrifiers (e.g., Hydrogenophaga, Rhodocyclaceae) in sludge primarily reduced NO₃⁻-N but tended to cause partial denitrification, whereas S⁰-attached autotrophs (e.g., Thiobacillus, up to 46.10% in biofilms) specialize in complete denitrification and efficiently converted NO₂⁻-N to N₂, accompanied by marked upregulation of nirKS and nosZ genes. Overall, in-situ S⁰ implantation restructured electron transfer networks, enabling stable, efficient, and dual-saving (carbon and S⁰) TN removal while providing mechanistic insight for scalable applications.

由于电子供体稀缺，从低碳废水中高效去除总氮（TN）仍然具有挑战性，通常会导致不完全反硝化和亚硝酸盐积累。为了解决这个问题，研究人员建立了原位硫增强缺氧/氧（HS0AD-A/O）系统，实现了硫驱动的电子再分配，以增强TN的去除，而无需额外的碳输入或工艺重组。在降低进水C/N比（4 ~ 2）的情况下，HS0AD-A/O对TN的去除率比常规HD-A/O高32.76 ~ 111.16%。电子平衡表明，S0氧化占总电子通量的9.21 ~ 27.59%，弥补了碳的不足。将S0的植入比例提高到28%，将主要途径转向了基于S0的自养反硝化，其中S0衍生的电子超过了来自COD的电子（58.27%比41.73%）。动力学分析显示，由S0驱动的反硝化作用优先减少NO2毒血症（而不是NO3毒血症），从而减少NO2毒血症的积累，并产生明显的挽救S0的效果（这里为1.14-1.57 g-S0/g-N）。微生物和转录分析进一步阐明了协同分工：污泥中的异养反硝化菌（例如，氢化菌，红环菌科）主要减少NO3 -毒血症，但往往导致部分反硝化，而50附着的自养菌（例如，硫杆菌，在生物膜中高达46.10%）专门完成完全反硝化并有效地将NO2 -毒血症转化为N2，并伴随着nirKS和nosZ基因的显著上调。总体而言，原位S0注入重组了电子转移网络，实现了稳定、高效和双重节省（碳和S0） TN去除，同时为可扩展应用提供了机制见解。

{"title":"In-Situ sulfur implantation efficiently promoting nitrogen removal in low-carbon anoxic-oxic systems","authors":"Jia-Min Xu , Miao Gu , Yi-Fan Zhang , Guodong Zhang , Jia-Qiang Lv , Yu-Qi Wang , Yao Chen , Guijiao Zhang , Daheng Ren , Xuchen Ba , Bin Gao , Hao-Yi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient total nitrogen (TN) removal from low-carbon wastewater remains challenging due to electron donor scarcity, often causing incomplete denitrification and nitrite accumulation. To address this, an in-situ sulfur-enhanced anoxic/oxic (HS<sup>0</sup>AD-A/O) system was established, enabling S<sup>0</sup>-driven electron redistribution for enhanced TN removal without additional carbon input or process restructuring. Under decreasing influent C/N ratios (4 to 2), HS<sup>0</sup>AD-A/O outperformed conventional HD-A/O by 32.76–111.16% of TN removal efficiency. Electron balance showed S<sup>0</sup> oxidation contributed 9.21–27.59% of total electron flux, compensating for carbon deficiency. Increasing the S<sup>0</sup> implantation ratio to 28% shifted the dominant pathway toward S<sup>0</sup>-based autotrophic denitrification, where S<sup>0</sup>-derived electrons surpassed those from COD (58.27% vs. 41.73%). Kinetic assays revealed that S<sup>0</sup>-driven denitrification preferentially reduced NO<sub>2</sub>⁻ over NO<sub>3</sub>⁻, thereby minimizing NO<sub>2</sub>⁻ accumulation and yielding a distinct S<sup>0</sup>‑saving effect (1.14–1.57 g-S<sup>0</sup>/g-N here). Microbial and transcriptional analyses further elucidated a synergistic division of labor: heterotrophic denitrifiers (e.g., <em>Hydrogenophaga, Rhodocyclaceae</em>) in sludge primarily reduced NO<sub>3</sub>⁻-N but tended to cause partial denitrification, whereas S<sup>0</sup>-attached autotrophs (e.g., <em>Thiobacillus</em>, up to 46.10% in biofilms) specialize in complete denitrification and efficiently converted NO<sub>2</sub>⁻-N to N<sub>2</sub>, accompanied by marked upregulation of <em>nirKS</em> and <em>nosZ</em> genes. Overall, in-situ S<sup>0</sup> implantation restructured electron transfer networks, enabling stable, efficient, and dual-saving (carbon and S<sup>0</sup>) TN removal while providing mechanistic insight for scalable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125412"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145993408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural metal-containing nanoparticles as an important form of metals in their biogeochemical cycle and biological effect 天然含金属纳米粒子在生物地球化学循环和生物效应中的重要作用

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125440

Xiaoyan Zhang , Yingying Guo , Yanwei Liu , Fengbang Wang , Ligang Hu , Jianbo Shi , Maoyong Song , Yongguang Yin , Yong Cai , Guibin Jiang

Natural metal-containing nanoparticles (NMNs) represent a distinct and ubiquitous form of metals in the environment, characterized by reactivity intermediate between soluble ions/complexes and relatively inert macroscopic materials. This review uniquely synthesizes how the intrinsic nanoparticles properties enable NMNs to function as key transport vectors in the environment and unconventional carriers into organisms, roles systematically overlooked in existing models. Special emphasis is placed on aquatic systems, where NMNs exhibit intensified mobility and transformation through colloidal processes. As stabilized colloids, NMNs’ nanoscale size and organic-matter-induced stabilization enable prolonged suspension and long‑distance transport of metals in aquatic systems. Furthermore, through colloidal migration and adsorption and transformation involving dissolved ions and larger particles, NMNs regulate metal transport in porous media via mechanisms fundamentally different from dissolved ions and macroparticles. Biologically, NMNs enter organisms via pathways like the “Trojan horse” mechanism, resulting in cellular uptake, distribution, and toxicity profiles different from those of metal ions, which is not included in current models (e.g., biotic ligand model). By synthesizing these insights and identifying future research priorities, this review lays a foundation for incorporating the NMNs forms into models, advancing toward a more predictive and mechanistic framework for understanding metal fates and risks.

天然含金属纳米颗粒（NMNs）是一种独特而普遍存在于环境中的金属形式，其特征是介于可溶离子/配合物和相对惰性的宏观材料之间的反应性。这篇综述独特地综合了纳米颗粒的固有特性如何使纳米颗粒成为环境中的关键运输载体和进入生物体的非常规载体，这些作用在现有模型中被系统地忽视了。特别强调的是水生系统，其中nmn通过胶体过程表现出增强的流动性和转化。作为稳定的胶体，纳米颗粒的纳米级尺寸和有机物诱导的稳定性使得金属在水生系统中的长时间悬浮和长距离运输成为可能。此外，纳米颗粒通过胶体迁移和溶解离子和大颗粒的吸附转化，通过与溶解离子和大颗粒根本不同的机制调节金属在多孔介质中的运输。在生物学上，nmn通过类似“特洛伊木马”机制的途径进入生物体，导致细胞摄取、分布和毒性特征不同于金属离子，这没有包括在当前的模型中（例如，生物配体模型）。通过综合这些见解并确定未来的研究重点，本综述为将NMNs形式纳入模型奠定了基础，并朝着了解金属命运和风险的更具预测性和机械性的框架迈进。

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引用次数: 0

Transforming erosion-prone basin into carbon sink: the role of check dams in regulating carbon cycle in a semi-arid basin 易侵蚀流域向碳汇的转化：半干旱流域拦河坝对碳循环的调节作用

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125482

Yi Zeng , Nufang Fang , Lishan Ran , Ying Yu , Zhengang Wang , Fengbao Zhang , Zhihua Shi

Soil erosion significantly influences the global carbon cycle by redistributing organic carbon (OC) from terrestrial to aquatic systems. Check dams, widely implemented for soil and water conservation, potentially influence carbon dynamics by trapping eroded sediments, but their role in carbon sequestration lacks quantitative assessment. This study combined large-scale survey sampling, radiocarbon analysis, and carbon budget equation in the Wuding River basin—a sub-basin of the Yellow River with the most severe soil erosion—to assess the impact of check dams on the basin-scale carbon cycle and clarify their mechanisms as carbon sinks. We found that check dams intercepted 3.7 Tg of OC during 1970-2020, reducing downstream OC export by 16.7%. More importantly, this sequestration suppressed the decomposition of OC during long-distance fluvial transport by 25.5%. The buried OC showed exceptional stability, with low OC content ranging from 1.95 to 2.35 g kg^-1 and a high proportion of mineral-associated OC (81.7%). Radiocarbon dating revealed ancient ages, ranging from 2,350 to 10,860 years. Unique depositional conditions, such as rapid burial, a sand-clay layered structure, and anoxic environments, further inhibit the decomposition of OC. Notably, check dams not only mitigated soil erosion but also transformed erosion-prone areas into effective carbon sinks by reducing emissions and enhancing OC burial. These findings reconcile the soil carbon erosion paradox by demonstrating that soil and water conservation measures can significantly alter regional carbon budgets. Our results emphasize the dual role of check dams in soil conservation and climate mitigation, providing a scientific basis for optimizing their design and deployment to enhance terrestrial carbon sequestration.

土壤侵蚀通过将有机碳从陆地系统重新分配到水生系统而显著影响全球碳循环。拦河坝广泛用于水土保持，通过捕获侵蚀沉积物可能影响碳动态，但其在碳固存中的作用缺乏定量评估。本研究结合大规模调查采样、放射性碳分析和碳收支方程等方法，在黄河流域土壤侵蚀最严重的武定河流域，评价了拦河坝对流域尺度碳循环的影响，阐明了拦河坝作为碳汇的机制。研究发现，在1970-2020年期间，拦河坝拦截了3.7 Tg的OC，使下游OC出口减少了16.7%。更重要的是，这种封存抑制了长距离河流运输过程中有机碳的分解25.5%。埋藏OC表现出较好的稳定性，OC含量在1.95 ~ 2.35 g kg-1之间，矿物伴生OC比例较高（81.7%）。放射性碳定年法揭示了古代的年龄，从2350年到10860年不等。独特的沉积条件，如快速埋藏、砂-粘土层状结构和缺氧环境，进一步抑制了OC的分解。值得注意的是，拦河坝不仅缓解了土壤侵蚀，而且通过减少排放和提高有机碳埋藏，将易侵蚀地区转变为有效的碳汇。这些发现通过证明水土保持措施可以显著改变区域碳收支来调和土壤碳侵蚀悖论。研究结果强调了拦河坝在土壤保持和减缓气候变化中的双重作用，为优化拦河坝的设计和部署以增强陆地固碳能力提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Microplastics promote N2O emissions by enhancing nitrification via ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in estuarine and coastal sediments 微塑料通过增强河口和海岸沉积物中氨氧化细菌的硝化作用来促进N2O的排放

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125458

Xiufeng Tang , Yingyu Bao , Jun Li , Bolin Liu , Yixuan Huang , Lijun Hou , Patrick K.H. Lee , Ping Han

Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are critical interfaces between land and ocean, serving as sinks for anthropogenic pollutants such as ammonium and microplastics. However, the impact of microplastic pollution on nitrification processes in these environments remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the coastal region of the Yangtze River to examine how different microplastic types (polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and polyethylene) affect nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and the dynamics of nitrifiers, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira, and nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospira. Results from incubation experiments show that all microplastic types significantly increase N₂O emissions across sediment samples. The reconstructed representative metagenome-assembled genomes revealed that AOA belong to group I.1a, while AOB are classified within the Nitrosomonas genus. Microplastics were found to have a stronger stimulatory effect on AOB, which are linked to higher N₂O production, than on AOA, which are associated with low N₂O production, thereby enhancing N₂O emissions during nitrification. Furthermore, AOB genomes encode a range of putative plastic-degrading enzymes, which may partially explain their enrichment in microplastic-contaminated environments, although other factors such as differential tolerance to ammonium or oxidative stress cannot be ruled out.

河口和沿海生态系统是陆地和海洋之间的关键界面，是人为污染物（如铵和微塑料）的汇。然而，微塑料污染对这些环境中硝化过程的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。本文以长江沿岸地区为研究对象，研究了不同微塑料类型（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯）对一氧化二氮（N2O）排放和硝化菌（氨氧化古菌（AOA）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）、完全氨氧化（comammox）硝基螺旋菌和亚硝酸盐氧化硝基螺旋菌）动态的影响。孵育实验结果表明，所有微塑料类型都显著增加了沉积物样品中N2O的排放。重建的代表宏基因组组装基因组显示，AOA属于I.1a群，而AOB属于亚硝基单胞菌属。研究发现，微塑料对与N2O产量较高相关的AOB的刺激作用强于对与N2O产量较低相关的AOA的刺激作用，从而增加了硝化过程中N2O的排放。此外，AOB基因组编码一系列假定的塑料降解酶，这可能部分解释了它们在微塑料污染环境中的富集，尽管不能排除其他因素，如对铵或氧化应激的不同耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Amoeba-inspired nano-robots for trace low-molecular-weight emerging contaminant removal from water 受变形虫启发的纳米机器人，用于去除水中痕量低分子量新兴污染物

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125443

Lina Zhao , Shikun Cheng , Suwan Xing , Ahmed M. Elgarahy , Khalid Z. Elwakeel , Zhen Yang , Zhiling Guo , Zifu Li , Nigel J.D. Graham , Iseult Lynch

Trace low-molecular-weight emerging contaminants (LMWECs) in drinking water sources pose chronic health risks but remain challenging to remove using conventional treatment processes. Here, we describe an amoeba-inspired nano-robot (NR_m, where m refers to the molar ratio of Fe:Si), engineered with flexible polymer chains and iron (hydr)oxide nanodomains, for the simultaneous capture and catalytic degradation of 20 representative LMWECs at initial concentrations from 100 ng/L to 1 mg/L in a real surface water. Under optimized operational conditions, NR₁₀ achieved over twice the removal efficiencies compared to conventional water treatment chemicals involving FeCl₃ and polyacrylamide (PAM). The nano-robot autonomously extended polymer “pseudopodia” to bind LMWECs into flocs via hydrophobic association, and used H₂O₂ both as a “propulsion fuel” and as a source of •OH radicals via Fenton-like reactions to accelerate degradation of captured LMWECs. This multi-function mechanism enabled efficient capture and degradation of LMWECs, while reducing toxicity (from “acute” of raw water to “nontoxic” of the treated water) and improving sludge dewaterability. After use, 91% of NR₁₀ could be recovered from flocs, and the recovered nano-robots maintained high LMWEC REs with only ∼2% reduction for each recovery-reuse cycle. NR₁₀ offers a deployable, infrastructure-compatible solution to the growing problem of LMWECs in drinking water.

饮用水水源中的微量低分子量新出现污染物（LMWECs）构成慢性健康风险，但使用常规处理工艺仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们描述了一种受阿米巴启发的纳米机器人（NRm，其中m指铁：硅的摩尔比），采用柔性聚合物链和铁（水）氧化物纳米结构域进行工程设计，用于在真实地表水中同时捕获和催化降解20种具有代表性的低分子量微wecs，初始浓度从100 ng/L到1 mg/L。在优化的操作条件下，与使用FeCl3和聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的传统水处理化学品相比，NR10的去除率达到了两倍以上。纳米机器人自主扩展聚合物“伪足”，通过疏水缔合将低分子量微wecs结合成絮凝体，并利用H2O2作为“推进燃料”和•OH自由基的来源，通过类芬顿反应加速捕获的低分子量微wecs的降解。这种多功能机制能够有效地捕获和降解低分子wecs，同时降低毒性（从原水的“急性”到处理水的“无毒”），并提高污泥的脱水能力。使用后，91%的NR10可以从絮凝体中回收，并且回收的纳米机器人在每个回收-再利用循环中保持较高的LMWEC REs，仅降低~ 2%。NR10为饮用水中日益严重的LMWECs问题提供了可部署的、基础设施兼容的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

A review of premise plumbing systems: from design and key performance domains to challenges and future research pathways for full-scale integration 住宅管道系统综述：从设计和关键性能领域到全面集成的挑战和未来研究途径

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125437

Muhammad Bilal, Steven G. Sandi, Brendan M. Josey, Jinzhe Gong

Premise plumbing systems (PPS) are essential for delivering safe, efficient, and sustainable water services in buildings. However, current design practices rely on outdated assumptions, including static demand curves and prescriptive codes, which contribute to oversizing, stagnation, water quality degradation, and energy–health trade-offs. This review offers the first integrated synthesis of recent advances across five interrelated domains: (i) hydraulic design, (ii) water conservation, (iii) water quality, (iv) energy efficiency, and (v) socio-economic factors. Each domain influences PPS performance but is often treated in isolation. Drawing on empirical evidence, international standards, and emerging modelling frameworks, the paper frames PPS design as the alignment of hydraulic, thermal, water quality (including microbial and chemical), and economic processes across the system life cycle. It identifies persistent barriers such as fragmented workforce training, economic constraints, and misaligned conservation strategies, while also highlighting emerging enablers, including digitalization, policy support, and industrialized construction. Future research priorities are outlined for dynamic sizing, water quality risk modelling, and life-cycle cost analysis. This review provides a roadmap for transforming PPS into adaptive, health-protective systems aligned with global sustainability targets.

住宅供水系统（PPS）对于提供安全、高效和可持续的供水服务至关重要。然而，目前的设计实践依赖于过时的假设，包括静态需求曲线和规范性代码，这导致了超大规模、停滞、水质退化和能源健康权衡。这篇综述首次综合了五个相互关联领域的最新进展：(i)水力设计，（ii）节水，（iii）水质，（iv）能源效率，(v)社会经济因素。每个域都影响PPS性能，但通常是单独处理的。根据经验证据、国际标准和新兴的建模框架，本文将PPS设计框架为整个系统生命周期中水力、热力、水质（包括微生物和化学）和经济过程的一致性。报告指出了持续存在的障碍，如分散的劳动力培训、经济约束和不一致的保护战略，同时也强调了新兴的推动因素，包括数字化、政策支持和工业化建设。未来的研究重点概述了动态规模，水质风险建模和生命周期成本分析。这篇综述为将PPS转变为符合全球可持续性目标的适应性健康保护系统提供了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

EPANET-Agentic: A multi-agent system for natural language-controlled simulations of water distribution networks epanet - agent：用于自然语言控制的配水网络模拟的多智能体系统

IF 12.4 1区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Water Research

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.125433

Jian Wang , Guangtao Fu , Dragan Savic

Water distribution networks (WDNs), a critical part of urban infrastructure, normally require numerous model simulations for effective planning and management. However, traditional WDN modelling requires complex workflows and specialized expertise. EPANET is the most widely adopted modelling tool for WDN hydraulics and water quality simulations, yet its operational complexity restricts accessibility and slows timely decision-making. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to the development of agentic artificial intelligence systems that autonomously coordinate tasks and control complex engineering simulations through natural language prompts. Here we introduce EPANET-Agentic, a multi-agent system that integrates advanced workflow reasoning with the EPANET simulator and incorporates human-in-the-loop oversight for critical interventions. The new platform adopts an orchestrator-centred, tool-driven architecture that nests three specialised agents (TaskExecutor, CodeRunner, and DataAnalyzer) as function-call tools. This design enables autonomous task decomposition, precise tool invocation, and transparent workflow management. The abilities of EPANET-Agentic are evaluated on three benchmark networks (i.e., L-Town, C-Town, and Net3) across four categories of tasks: System Characteristics, System Dynamics, System Operation, and Scenario Simulation. The results demonstrate that EPANET-Agentic achieved a 100% success rate and tool invocation accuracy with no human interventions. Moreover, the multimodal DataAnalyzer agent provided valid interpretations of simulation results, while the nested tool design ensured robustness and the architecture exhibited strong scalability across diverse hydraulic analysis tasks. These findings confirm that EPANET-Agentic enables natural language-controlled WDN simulation and analysis with engineering-grade reliability, while still adhering to a human-in-the-loop approach required for safety-critical systems. With its modular architecture and strong adaptability, EPANET-Agentic marks a step change from conventional WDN modelling approaches, positioning itself as a next-generation platform for complex planning and management challenges.

配水网络是城市基础设施的重要组成部分，通常需要大量的模型模拟才能进行有效的规划和管理。然而，传统的WDN建模需要复杂的工作流程和专业知识。EPANET是WDN水力学和水质模拟中应用最广泛的建模工具，但其操作复杂性限制了可访问性，并减慢了及时决策的速度。大型语言模型（llm）的最新进展导致了代理人工智能系统的发展，该系统可以通过自然语言提示自主协调任务并控制复杂的工程模拟。在这里，我们介绍了EPANET- agent，这是一个多智能体系统，它将高级工作流程推理与EPANET模拟器集成在一起，并结合了关键干预措施的人在环监督。新平台采用以编排器为中心、工具驱动的架构，其中嵌套了三个专门的代理（TaskExecutor、coderrunner和DataAnalyzer）作为函数调用工具。这种设计支持自主的任务分解、精确的工具调用和透明的工作流管理。epanet - agent的能力在三个基准网络（即L-Town， C-Town和Net3）上进行评估，涉及四类任务：系统特性，系统动力学，系统操作和场景模拟。结果表明，在没有人为干预的情况下，epanet - agent实现了100%的成功率和工具调用准确率。此外，多模态DataAnalyzer代理提供了对仿真结果的有效解释，而嵌套的工具设计确保了鲁棒性，并且架构在不同的水力分析任务中具有很强的可扩展性。这些研究结果证实，epanet - agent能够实现自然语言控制的WDN仿真和分析，具有工程级的可靠性，同时仍然坚持安全关键系统所需的人在环方法。epanet - agent的模块化架构和强大的适应性标志着传统WDN建模方法的一个飞跃，将自己定位为应对复杂规划和管理挑战的下一代平台。

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引用次数: 0