Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123698
Zhaoxu Peng, Antonella L. Piaggio, Guilherme Lelis Giglio, Sara Toja Ortega, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht, Merle K. de Kreuk
More than 50% of the organic matter in sewage consist of particulate chemical oxygen demand (pCOD). This study used 250 μm fluorescent microbeads, 130±58 μm microparticles and 100 nm nanobeads to simulate sewage particles, and investigated the fate of these particles under both plug flow feeding and aeration phases in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. Filtration performance was dominantly influenced by the particle size rather than the upflow velocity (Vupflow). The microbeads exhibited 95±3 % filtration efficiency with obvious accumulation around the AGS bed bottom, even as slight fluidization started at the Vupflow of 5.0 m·h-1. In contrast, the nanobeads filtration efficiency was significantly lower (43±6 %). During the aeration phase, the attachment efficiency increased with the decrease of particle size. The microbeads attachment efficiency variated between 39-49 %, whereas the microparticles and nanobeads achieved better attachment of 89.4-95.2 % and 98.8-99.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, aeration batch tests showed both nanobeads and the irregular microparticles attachment by AGS was strong, and the detach-attach of nanobeads/microparticles between different sized AGS was very limited duration aeration. This work provides insight into the fate of particles in AGS system. The optimal sludge treatment was also evaluated in the scope of this removal of non-biodegradable, and potentially harmful particles.
{"title":"Interaction of non-biodegradable particles and granular sludge in Nereda®—— from nanoparticles to microparticles","authors":"Zhaoxu Peng, Antonella L. Piaggio, Guilherme Lelis Giglio, Sara Toja Ortega, Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht, Merle K. de Kreuk","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123698","url":null,"abstract":"More than 50% of the organic matter in sewage consist of particulate chemical oxygen demand (pCOD). This study used 250 μm fluorescent microbeads, 130±58 μm microparticles and 100 nm nanobeads to simulate sewage particles, and investigated the fate of these particles under both plug flow feeding and aeration phases in an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system. Filtration performance was dominantly influenced by the particle size rather than the upflow velocity (V<sub>upflow</sub>). The microbeads exhibited 95±3 % filtration efficiency with obvious accumulation around the AGS bed bottom, even as slight fluidization started at the V<sub>upflow</sub> of 5.0 m·h<sup>-1</sup>. In contrast, the nanobeads filtration efficiency was significantly lower (43±6 %). During the aeration phase, the attachment efficiency increased with the decrease of particle size. The microbeads attachment efficiency variated between 39-49 %, whereas the microparticles and nanobeads achieved better attachment of 89.4-95.2 % and 98.8-99.3 %, respectively. Furthermore, aeration batch tests showed both nanobeads and the irregular microparticles attachment by AGS was strong, and the detach-attach of nanobeads/microparticles between different sized AGS was very limited duration aeration. This work provides insight into the fate of particles in AGS system. The optimal sludge treatment was also evaluated in the scope of this removal of non-biodegradable, and potentially harmful particles.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"65 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123700
Meng Wang, Zhanlin Ji, Yingchao Dong
Efficient recovery of boron is one of the crucial strategies of sustainably extracting valuable resource from water. It however still remains a key technological challenge to efficiently predict boron recovery from unconventional water resources such as underground water, geothermal water and seawater, which are still few concerned in open literature. To effectively address this issue, herein we propose an efficient strategy to precisely predict boron recovery performance and then explore mechanism in forward osmosis process via advanced machine learning techniques with better model performance. Specifically, to explore the complex relationships among various boron recovery factors, we compare three advanced machine learning regression models to provide valuable insights into how these key factors impact system performance. We find that three key driving factors (i.e., pH, boron concentration, and membrane orientation) significantly affect boron recovery performance in the forward osmosis process. The best prediction accuracy with a high r-square (95.4%) is achieved via the XGBoost model combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, demonstrating its remarkable ability for precise boron recovery prediction. By employing this hybrid model to optimize the search space, the overall performance of forward osmosis system was significantly enhanced, with a predicted boron rejection rate as high as 98.28%, outperforming the reported values. Our work demonstrates the powerful potential of advanced machine learning for efficiently predicting boron recovery for water quality improvement and resource recovery applications.
{"title":"Machine learning-guided performance prediction of forward osmosis polymeric membranes for boron recovery","authors":"Meng Wang, Zhanlin Ji, Yingchao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123700","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient recovery of boron is one of the crucial strategies of sustainably extracting valuable resource from water. It however still remains a key technological challenge to efficiently predict boron recovery from unconventional water resources such as underground water, geothermal water and seawater, which are still few concerned in open literature. To effectively address this issue, herein we propose an efficient strategy to precisely predict boron recovery performance and then explore mechanism in forward osmosis process via advanced machine learning techniques with better model performance. Specifically, to explore the complex relationships among various boron recovery factors, we compare three advanced machine learning regression models to provide valuable insights into how these key factors impact system performance. We find that three key driving factors (i.e., pH, boron concentration, and membrane orientation) significantly affect boron recovery performance in the forward osmosis process. The best prediction accuracy with a high r-square (95.4%) is achieved via the XGBoost model combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm, demonstrating its remarkable ability for precise boron recovery prediction. By employing this hybrid model to optimize the search space, the overall performance of forward osmosis system was significantly enhanced, with a predicted boron rejection rate as high as 98.28%, outperforming the reported values. Our work demonstrates the powerful potential of advanced machine learning for efficiently predicting boron recovery for water quality improvement and resource recovery applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123708
Junjian Zheng, Minmin Jiang, Yuchao Chen, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qiaoyan Wei, Mei Chen, Xingran Zhang, Xuehong Zhang, Haixiang Li
As a promising technology for water treatment, the decontamination performance of membrane-biofilm reactor (MBfR) is largely affected by its flow distribution, which regulates the biofilm structure and activity. Herein, we firstly optimized the hydraulic conditions to ameliorate the denitrification performance of H2-based MBfR through a rational design of hollow fiber membrane (HFM) layout. Two MBfRs, assembled by bundled and dispersed modules (termed as B-MBfR and D-MBfR, respectively), were constructed to investigate their process performance and mechanism, from a multi-perspective analysis of flow characteristics, biofilm ecology and microbial kinetics. The results indicated that as the HFM spacing was enlarged from 0 to 4 mm, the shift of flow distribution from bias flow to homogeneous flow occured, leading to the development of annular biofilm and individual biofilms in B-MBfR and D-MBfR, respectively. The superior denitrification flux was attained by D-MBfR instead of B-MBfR (1.1 vs. 0.58 g N/m2·d) in long-term experiments, and so were the denitrification kinetics rates of the former in short-term tests. The biofilms in D-MBfR exhibited the stronger anti-shear capacity over annular biofilm, due to their more uniform distribution of proteins and polysaccharides. Benefiting from the thinner thicknesses of biofilms and narrowed hydrodynamic boundary layer, D-MBfR enabled the greater abundance and metabolic activity of hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria than B-MBfR, which then resulted in the almost full exploitation of H2 and NO3-. The findings of this research can provide important scientific foundation for future design and management of MBfRs.
{"title":"Hollow fiber layout matters the denitrification performance and mechanism of H2-based membrane biofilm reactor: A comprehensive study of hydrodynamics, bioecology and biokinetics","authors":"Junjian Zheng, Minmin Jiang, Yuchao Chen, Yuanyuan Zhang, Qiaoyan Wei, Mei Chen, Xingran Zhang, Xuehong Zhang, Haixiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123708","url":null,"abstract":"As a promising technology for water treatment, the decontamination performance of membrane-biofilm reactor (MBfR) is largely affected by its flow distribution, which regulates the biofilm structure and activity. Herein, we firstly optimized the hydraulic conditions to ameliorate the denitrification performance of H<sub>2</sub>-based MBfR through a rational design of hollow fiber membrane (HFM) layout. Two MBfRs, assembled by bundled and dispersed modules (termed as B-MBfR and D-MBfR, respectively), were constructed to investigate their process performance and mechanism, from a multi-perspective analysis of flow characteristics, biofilm ecology and microbial kinetics. The results indicated that as the HFM spacing was enlarged from 0 to 4 mm, the shift of flow distribution from bias flow to homogeneous flow occured, leading to the development of annular biofilm and individual biofilms in B-MBfR and D-MBfR, respectively. The superior denitrification flux was attained by D-MBfR instead of B-MBfR (1.1 <em>vs.</em> 0.58 g N/m<sup>2</sup>·d) in long-term experiments, and so were the denitrification kinetics rates of the former in short-term tests. The biofilms in D-MBfR exhibited the stronger anti-shear capacity over annular biofilm, due to their more uniform distribution of proteins and polysaccharides. Benefiting from the thinner thicknesses of biofilms and narrowed hydrodynamic boundary layer, D-MBfR enabled the greater abundance and metabolic activity of hydrogenotrophic denitrifying bacteria than B-MBfR, which then resulted in the almost full exploitation of H<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. The findings of this research can provide important scientific foundation for future design and management of MBfRs.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123706
Laura Monge-Olivares, Germán Peñalva, Marina R Pulido, Lara Garrudo, Miguel Ángel Doval, Sofía Ballesta, Nicolás Merchante, Pablo Rasero, Lucila Cuberos, Graciano Carpes, Lorena López-Cerero
Antibiotics can modify populations of multidrug-resistant microorganism (MDRO) in urban wastewater. Our objectives were to quantify the differences in MDR Gram-negative bacteria between influents and effluents of WWTPs of a Spanish city and to evaluate the influence of human antibiotic prescriptions, as well as the persistence of these bacteria after treatment and their genetic relatedness to clinical isolates. The mean count of ESBL producers and carbapenemase producers were 3.77 and 2.74 log 10 CFU/ml, respectively. The reduction achieved by water treatment of ESBL-producing organisms was 1.4-log (96.11%), whereas a 1.8-log reduction (98.36%) was obtained regarding carbapenemase producing organisms. Aeromonas spp. predominated among MDROs and blaKPC-2 was the main carbapenemase detected in the influent wastewater samples. Among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae influent isolates, 44% and 30%, respectively, belonged to high-risk clones. Regarding Enterobacteriaceae, 10.6% matched clinical isolates and one strain from an ongoing hospital outbreak was identified among raw samples. New MDROs and persistence of certain strains were detected in effluent samples. Quinolone and third-generation cephalosporin prescriptions, flow rate and population density were associated with higher OXA-48 producer counts. Despite reductions, additional technologies should be implemented in WWTPs receiving hospital discharges. Given the prevalence of environmental species, culture-based and metagenomic approaches should be combined to distinguish between human and sewage sources for antibiotic resistance monitoring. Overall, this study shows that WWTPs with secondary treatment are effective at removing MDRO, and antibiotic stewardship is a potential strategy to reduce the release of MDROs.
{"title":"Quantitative study of ESBL and carbapenemase producers in wastewater treatment plants in Seville, Spain: a culture-based detection analysis of raw and treated water","authors":"Laura Monge-Olivares, Germán Peñalva, Marina R Pulido, Lara Garrudo, Miguel Ángel Doval, Sofía Ballesta, Nicolás Merchante, Pablo Rasero, Lucila Cuberos, Graciano Carpes, Lorena López-Cerero","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123706","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics can modify populations of multidrug-resistant microorganism (MDRO) in urban wastewater. Our objectives were to quantify the differences in MDR Gram-negative bacteria between influents and effluents of WWTPs of a Spanish city and to evaluate the influence of human antibiotic prescriptions, as well as the persistence of these bacteria after treatment and their genetic relatedness to clinical isolates. The mean count of ESBL producers and carbapenemase producers were 3.77 and 2.74 log 10 CFU/ml, respectively. The reduction achieved by water treatment of ESBL-producing organisms was 1.4-log (96.11%), whereas a 1.8-log reduction (98.36%) was obtained regarding carbapenemase producing organisms. <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. predominated among MDROs and <em>bla</em><sub>KPC-2</sub> was the main carbapenemase detected in the influent wastewater samples. Among <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> influent isolates, 44% and 30%, respectively, belonged to high-risk clones. Regarding Enterobacteriaceae, 10.6% matched clinical isolates and one strain from an ongoing hospital outbreak was identified among raw samples. New MDROs and persistence of certain strains were detected in effluent samples. Quinolone and third-generation cephalosporin prescriptions, flow rate and population density were associated with higher OXA-48 producer counts. Despite reductions, additional technologies should be implemented in WWTPs receiving hospital discharges. Given the prevalence of environmental species, culture-based and metagenomic approaches should be combined to distinguish between human and sewage sources for antibiotic resistance monitoring. Overall, this study shows that WWTPs with secondary treatment are effective at removing MDRO, and antibiotic stewardship is a potential strategy to reduce the release of MDROs.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123652
Wei Liu , Xiaomin Li , Xiaolong Yang , Zhenglin Chen , Shu Liu , Wenhong Fan
Removal of heavy metal complexes (HMCs) from wastewater poses significant challenges to waste water treatment due to the inherent stability of these compounds. In this study, KOH modified Arundo donax L. leaves biochar was developed, which demonstrated a remarkable capacity for nickel-citrate (Ni-Cit) removal. The results found that the modified biochar with a KOH-to-biomass ratio of 1:1 (1KBC) showed over 500-fold increase in specific surface area compared to the original biochar, along with enhanced surface functional groups and persistent free radicals (PFRs). 99.2 % of nickel was removed from 50 mg/L Ni-Cit with 1 g/L of 1KBC in 4 h. It also demonstrated exceptional potential in continuous treatment. LC-MS, EPR analysis, and DFT calculations revealed that the PFRs on the biochar surface played critical role for the Ni-Cit removal. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated by PFRs, especially O₂•⁻, targeted the Ni-O coordination bonds, resulting in the decomplexation of Ni-Cit, while •OH and ¹O₂ facilitate the decarboxylation of the citrate ligand. The released Ni was then adsorbed onto the biochar. It indicated that the 1KBC removed Ni-Cit in one-step process with combined oxidation and adsorption. This research offers a promising technique for the efficient decomplexation and recovery of HMCs.
{"title":"Removal of Nickel-Citrate by KOH-Modified Arundo donax L. Biochar: Critical Role of Persistent Free Radicals","authors":"Wei Liu , Xiaomin Li , Xiaolong Yang , Zhenglin Chen , Shu Liu , Wenhong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Removal of heavy metal complexes (HMCs) from wastewater poses significant challenges to waste water treatment due to the inherent stability of these compounds. In this study, KOH modified <em>Arundo donax</em> L. leaves biochar was developed, which demonstrated a remarkable capacity for nickel-citrate (Ni-Cit) removal. The results found that the modified biochar with a KOH-to-biomass ratio of 1:1 (1KBC) showed over 500-fold increase in specific surface area compared to the original biochar, along with enhanced surface functional groups and persistent free radicals (PFRs). 99.2 % of nickel was removed from 50 mg/L Ni-Cit with 1 g/L of 1KBC in 4 h. It also demonstrated exceptional potential in continuous treatment. LC-MS, EPR analysis, and DFT calculations revealed that the PFRs on the biochar surface played critical role for the Ni-Cit removal. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated by PFRs, especially O₂<sup>•</sup>⁻, targeted the Ni-O coordination bonds, resulting in the decomplexation of Ni-Cit, while •OH and ¹O₂ facilitate the decarboxylation of the citrate ligand. The released Ni was then adsorbed onto the biochar. It indicated that the 1KBC removed Ni-Cit in one-step process with combined oxidation and adsorption. This research offers a promising technique for the efficient decomplexation and recovery of HMCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123652"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123705
Yan Cai, Xiaoci Li, Peizeng Yang, Jing Chen, Junhe Lu, Jean-Marc Chovelon, Yuefei Ji
As one of benzophenone-derived drugs, benzbromarone (BBM) has been widely used to reduce blood uric acid, treat gout, and gouty arthritis. Understanding the transformation and fate of BBM in natural and engineered systems is critical for its ecological risk assessment. In this study, we systematically investigated the photochemical behavior of BBM in aqueous solutions under laboratory UV254 irradiation. UV-vis spectra show that an aqueous solution of BBM is capable of absorbing UV photons at 200 - 400 nm. Spectroscopic titration indicates that BBM with a pKa value of 4.83 ± 0.17 is present mainly as the phenolate form under circumneutral conditions. BBM undergoes rapid direct photolysis when exposed to UV254 irradiation and the quantum yields were determined to be 0.0105 and 0.0196 mol E−1 for phenol and phenolate forms, respectively. The heavy atom effect of bromine and spin-orbit coupling effect of aromatic ketone make dibromophenol and carbonyl moieties the critical chromophores accounting for the high photoreactivity of BBM. Laser flash photolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance studies suggest that the photolysis of BBM is initiated by ultrafast photodebromination and Norrish I cleavage. The high yield of bromide determined by ion chromatograph highlights the importance of photodebromination. Due to the light screening effect of wastewater components, the photolysis of BBM in hospital wastewater is inhibited. Photo-induced modification of the dibromophenol moiety of BBM likely generates photoproducts showing toxicity to luminescent bacteria. Overall, our results reveal that photochemical reaction under UV irradiation plays an important role in the attenuation of BBM in engineered water.
{"title":"Photochemical transformation of the uricosuric drug benzbromarone in aqueous solutions exposed to UV irradiation","authors":"Yan Cai, Xiaoci Li, Peizeng Yang, Jing Chen, Junhe Lu, Jean-Marc Chovelon, Yuefei Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123705","url":null,"abstract":"As one of benzophenone-derived drugs, benzbromarone (BBM) has been widely used to reduce blood uric acid, treat gout, and gouty arthritis. Understanding the transformation and fate of BBM in natural and engineered systems is critical for its ecological risk assessment. In this study, we systematically investigated the photochemical behavior of BBM in aqueous solutions under laboratory UV<sub>254</sub> irradiation. UV-vis spectra show that an aqueous solution of BBM is capable of absorbing UV photons at 200 - 400 nm. Spectroscopic titration indicates that BBM with a p<em>K</em><sub>a</sub> value of 4.83 ± 0.17 is present mainly as the phenolate form under circumneutral conditions. BBM undergoes rapid direct photolysis when exposed to UV<sub>254</sub> irradiation and the quantum yields were determined to be 0.0105 and 0.0196 mol E<sup>−1</sup> for phenol and phenolate forms, respectively. The heavy atom effect of bromine and spin-orbit coupling effect of aromatic ketone make dibromophenol and carbonyl moieties the critical chromophores accounting for the high photoreactivity of BBM. Laser flash photolysis and electron paramagnetic resonance studies suggest that the photolysis of BBM is initiated by ultrafast photodebromination and Norrish I cleavage. The high yield of bromide determined by ion chromatograph highlights the importance of photodebromination. Due to the light screening effect of wastewater components, the photolysis of BBM in hospital wastewater is inhibited. Photo-induced modification of the dibromophenol moiety of BBM likely generates photoproducts showing toxicity to luminescent bacteria. Overall, our results reveal that photochemical reaction under UV irradiation plays an important role in the attenuation of BBM in engineered water.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123711
Chenchen Fan, Jingming Hou, Xuan Li, Gangfu Song, Yihui Yang, Xin Liang, Qingshi Zhou, Muhammad Imran, Guangzhao Chen, Ziyi Wang, Pinpin Lu
Urban flood control and drainage systems often face significant challenges in coordinating municipal drainage with river-lake flood prevention during flood seasons. Rising river levels can create backwater effects, which substantially increase urban flood risks. Traditional water management approaches are limited by delayed monitoring data updates, slow flood forecasting processes, and inadequate decision support, making it difficult to address the complex, multi-objective demands of flood control. These limitations exacerbate flooding threats and hamper effective urban flood management. To address these challenges, a digital twin experimental platform for river and lake water systems was developed to enhance the comprehensive management of urban flood control and drainage. The platform integrates an engineering entity, a backend system, and a digital twin component. Real-time data acquisition and virtual-real interactions between physical facilities and the digital twin were achieved using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology, while the Unity3D engine enabled advanced visualization and data rendering. Furthermore, a novel model incorporating deep learning and a multi-objective optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize drainage pump scheduling rules. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate flood risks and operation and maintenance costs before and after optimization. The results demonstrated that the platform was well-designed for comprehensive flood protection and drainage management. The NSE coefficients for river and lake water levels exceeded 95.18%, and the relative error in pump operation times remained below 4.11% across various scenarios involving river inflows and drainage operations. The backwater effect at drainage outlets was primarily driven by river flow and downstream lake levels. The optimization strategy effectively balanced water level control and operational objectives, reducing water level targets by 24.99%, 40.36%, and 51.61% under different scenarios. This framework not only offers innovative solutions for urban flood management but also provides strong technical support for optimizing flood control and drainage system operations.
{"title":"Efficient urban flood control and drainage management framework based on digital twin technology and optimization scheduling algorithm","authors":"Chenchen Fan, Jingming Hou, Xuan Li, Gangfu Song, Yihui Yang, Xin Liang, Qingshi Zhou, Muhammad Imran, Guangzhao Chen, Ziyi Wang, Pinpin Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123711","url":null,"abstract":"Urban flood control and drainage systems often face significant challenges in coordinating municipal drainage with river-lake flood prevention during flood seasons. Rising river levels can create backwater effects, which substantially increase urban flood risks. Traditional water management approaches are limited by delayed monitoring data updates, slow flood forecasting processes, and inadequate decision support, making it difficult to address the complex, multi-objective demands of flood control. These limitations exacerbate flooding threats and hamper effective urban flood management. To address these challenges, a digital twin experimental platform for river and lake water systems was developed to enhance the comprehensive management of urban flood control and drainage. The platform integrates an engineering entity, a backend system, and a digital twin component. Real-time data acquisition and virtual-real interactions between physical facilities and the digital twin were achieved using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) technology, while the Unity3D engine enabled advanced visualization and data rendering. Furthermore, a novel model incorporating deep learning and a multi-objective optimization algorithm was proposed to optimize drainage pump scheduling rules. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate flood risks and operation and maintenance costs before and after optimization. The results demonstrated that the platform was well-designed for comprehensive flood protection and drainage management. The NSE coefficients for river and lake water levels exceeded 95.18%, and the relative error in pump operation times remained below 4.11% across various scenarios involving river inflows and drainage operations. The backwater effect at drainage outlets was primarily driven by river flow and downstream lake levels. The optimization strategy effectively balanced water level control and operational objectives, reducing water level targets by 24.99%, 40.36%, and 51.61% under different scenarios. This framework not only offers innovative solutions for urban flood management but also provides strong technical support for optimizing flood control and drainage system operations.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123704
Zheng Zhang, Can Chen, Pengyu Chen, Jiguang Huang, Heng Zhang, Dan Gao, Haiping Chen
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has recently attracted many attentions due to its energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. Researches on structural parameters optimization for the ceramic interfacial evaporators to improve their evaporation performance are lack. In this work, ceramic evaporators with different structural parameters are prepared using coal fly ash as the main material. A comparative experimental study was carried out under natural light. Water transport rate and maximum water transport volume of evaporators are introduced to explain the effect of structural parameters on the evaporation performance. Results indicate that smaller pore size and higher porosity can enhance the water transport and improve the evaporation rate. Evaporators with higher porosity has higher maximum water transport volume, thus the evaporation rate can be reduced due to the increase of the thermal conductivity of the evaporator. The optimized evaporator shows a high average evaporation rate of 4.72 kg·m−2·h−1 under a solar irradiation of 0.66 kW·m−2, and an average evaporation rate of 5.85 kg·m−2·h−1 under one sun irradiation, with the mean pore size of 0.2204 μm and the porosity of 0.2855. This work provides a direction for structural parameters optimization in designing high-performance ceramic evaporators.
{"title":"Design optimization for evaporation property of coal fly ash-based evaporator during solar-driven interfacial evaporation process","authors":"Zheng Zhang, Can Chen, Pengyu Chen, Jiguang Huang, Heng Zhang, Dan Gao, Haiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123704","url":null,"abstract":"Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has recently attracted many attentions due to its energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages. Researches on structural parameters optimization for the ceramic interfacial evaporators to improve their evaporation performance are lack. In this work, ceramic evaporators with different structural parameters are prepared using coal fly ash as the main material. A comparative experimental study was carried out under natural light. Water transport rate and maximum water transport volume of evaporators are introduced to explain the effect of structural parameters on the evaporation performance. Results indicate that smaller pore size and higher porosity can enhance the water transport and improve the evaporation rate. Evaporators with higher porosity has higher maximum water transport volume, thus the evaporation rate can be reduced due to the increase of the thermal conductivity of the evaporator. The optimized evaporator shows a high average evaporation rate of 4.72 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> under a solar irradiation of 0.66 kW·m<sup>−2</sup>, and an average evaporation rate of 5.85 kg·m<sup>−2</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> under one sun irradiation, with the mean pore size of 0.2204 μm and the porosity of 0.2855. This work provides a direction for structural parameters optimization in designing high-performance ceramic evaporators.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123703
Yihan Chen , Han Ye , Yingying Xie , Haiming Cai , Zhi Dang , Guining Lu
Sulfide precipitation is an effective method for copper recovery from acidic wastewater. However, excessive use of sulfide reagents leads to secondary pollution, which poses a significant challenge. This study demonstrates that leveraging the reducing properties of ascorbic acid (AA) and adding Na2S to acidic copper-containing solutions (pH 2–4) at a Cu:S molar ratio of 1.6:0.8 enhances Cu(II) removal efficiency from 50 % to 100 %, doubling sulfide reagent utilization. Solution chemistry, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy analyses indicate that AA primarily promotes copper sulfide precipitation with higher copper content. Addition of AA at pH 2 at a Cu:S:AA molar ratio of 1.6:0.8:1 lowers the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) from 0.5 V to 0.1 V, forming digenite (Cu9S5). Compared to covellite (CuS) formed without AA, digenite exhibits a higher Cu oxidation state and a lower S oxidation state. Furthermore, coagulation kinetics studies show that solution pH, Na2SO4, and FeCl2 concentrations influence copper sulfide aggregation. At pH 2, Cu9S5 coagulates at least 4.2 times faster than CuS within 20 min. Cost analysis shows that the cost per ton of copper recovered from wastewater using this method is about one-third of the cost of conventional methods. More importantly, this study minimizes residual sulfide, offering a novel strategy for dose control in copper sulfide recovery.
{"title":"Ascorbic acid-induced digenite (Cu9S5) formation: A strategy to enhance sulfidation efficiency for copper recovery from acidic wastewater","authors":"Yihan Chen , Han Ye , Yingying Xie , Haiming Cai , Zhi Dang , Guining Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulfide precipitation is an effective method for copper recovery from acidic wastewater. However, excessive use of sulfide reagents leads to secondary pollution, which poses a significant challenge. This study demonstrates that leveraging the reducing properties of ascorbic acid (AA) and adding Na<sub>2</sub>S to acidic copper-containing solutions (pH 2–4) at a Cu:S molar ratio of 1.6:0.8 enhances Cu(II) removal efficiency from 50 % to 100 %, doubling sulfide reagent utilization. Solution chemistry, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy analyses indicate that AA primarily promotes copper sulfide precipitation with higher copper content. Addition of AA at pH 2 at a Cu:S:AA molar ratio of 1.6:0.8:1 lowers the oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) from 0.5 V to 0.1 V, forming digenite (Cu<sub>9</sub>S<sub>5</sub>). Compared to covellite (CuS) formed without AA, digenite exhibits a higher Cu oxidation state and a lower S oxidation state. Furthermore, coagulation kinetics studies show that solution pH, Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and FeCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations influence copper sulfide aggregation. At pH 2, Cu<sub>9</sub>S<sub>5</sub> coagulates at least 4.2 times faster than CuS within 20 min. Cost analysis shows that the cost per ton of copper recovered from wastewater using this method is about one-third of the cost of conventional methods. More importantly, this study minimizes residual sulfide, offering a novel strategy for dose control in copper sulfide recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123703"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123701
Jiawen Xu, Yao Du, Xiaoliang Sun, Hao Tian, Shunjie Zhu, Yiqun Gan, Yanxin Wang
Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is increasingly being recognized as an important component in the water and nutrient budgets of lakes. Oxbow lakes, with specific hydrological or geological features, are widespread in floodplains worldwide and provide important ecological functions. Previous studies on LGD in oxbow lakes have focused on hydrological fluxes, but nutrient fluxes associated with LGD remain poorly understood. This study estimated the overall LGD-related nutrient fluxes and their spatial variability in Heiwawu oxbow lake along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, using the radon (222Rn) mass balance model coupled with ancillary water chemistry. The LGD rates were found to range from 3.39 to 149.39 mm/d, with an average of 37.87 mm/d. The NH4-N, total dissolved nitrogen (TN), and total dissolved phosphorus (TP) fluxes with LGD ranged from 6.22 to 1168.96 mg/(m2d), 8.82 to 1076.04 mg/(m2d), and 1.81 to 100.00 mg/(m2d), with averages of 212.31, 218.92, and 27.87 mg/(m2d), respectively. LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were dominated by water depth. In the lake interior, where the water depth was high and the lakebed was directly connected to a porous confined aquifer, LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were higher. In shallow area, the LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were lower. The proportion of LGD and associated nutrient fluxes to the lake significantly influenced nutrient concentrations, highlighting the important role of LGD in regulating nutrient dynamics in the lake. Heiwawu oxbow lake is mainly nitrogen-limited, suggesting that high TN fluxes carried by LGD would exacerbate eutrophication. The average uncertainty percentages of LGD and associated nutrient fluxes (NH4-N, TN, and TP) were 36.94%, 22.11%, 26.47%, and 23.47%, respectively. This study highlighted the role of groundwater in the nutrient status of oxbow lakes in humid floodplains.
{"title":"Spatial Variability of Nutrient Fluxes Associated with Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge in a Typical Oxbow Lake, Central China","authors":"Jiawen Xu, Yao Du, Xiaoliang Sun, Hao Tian, Shunjie Zhu, Yiqun Gan, Yanxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123701","url":null,"abstract":"Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is increasingly being recognized as an important component in the water and nutrient budgets of lakes. Oxbow lakes, with specific hydrological or geological features, are widespread in floodplains worldwide and provide important ecological functions. Previous studies on LGD in oxbow lakes have focused on hydrological fluxes, but nutrient fluxes associated with LGD remain poorly understood. This study estimated the overall LGD-related nutrient fluxes and their spatial variability in Heiwawu oxbow lake along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, using the radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) mass balance model coupled with ancillary water chemistry. The LGD rates were found to range from 3.39 to 149.39 mm/d, with an average of 37.87 mm/d. The NH<sub>4</sub>-N, total dissolved nitrogen (TN), and total dissolved phosphorus (TP) fluxes with LGD ranged from 6.22 to 1168.96 mg/(m<sup>2</sup>d), 8.82 to 1076.04 mg/(m<sup>2</sup>d), and 1.81 to 100.00 mg/(m<sup>2</sup>d), with averages of 212.31, 218.92, and 27.87 mg/(m<sup>2</sup>d), respectively. LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were dominated by water depth. In the lake interior, where the water depth was high and the lakebed was directly connected to a porous confined aquifer, LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were higher. In shallow area, the LGD rates and associated nutrient fluxes were lower. The proportion of LGD and associated nutrient fluxes to the lake significantly influenced nutrient concentrations, highlighting the important role of LGD in regulating nutrient dynamics in the lake. Heiwawu oxbow lake is mainly nitrogen-limited, suggesting that high TN fluxes carried by LGD would exacerbate eutrophication. The average uncertainty percentages of LGD and associated nutrient fluxes (NH<sub>4</sub>-N, TN, and TP) were 36.94%, 22.11%, 26.47%, and 23.47%, respectively. This study highlighted the role of groundwater in the nutrient status of oxbow lakes in humid floodplains.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143858133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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