Water Research最新文献

{"title":"“Catch-and-feed”: Janus catalytic flow-through membrane enables highly efficient removal of micropollutants in water","authors":"Yuxin Zeng ,&nbsp;Yaxuan Gao ,&nbsp;Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Lifeng Yin ,&nbsp;Michael R. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micropollutants, due to their low concentrations, exceptional chemical stability, and profound toxicity, present a significant challenge in water treatment. While electrocatalysis and photocatalysis have shown promise as potential water purification techniques, their inherent limitations in mass transfer often result in elevated energy requirements and suboptimal efficiency. In this study, a Janus catalytic flow-through membrane (JCFM) was utilized to successfully remove two notorious micropollutants dichlorvos (DDVP) and azoxystrobin (AZX) from water based on the \"catch-and-feed\" strategy. This membrane adopts a ``sandwich'' configuration, comprising platinum-modified reduced titanium (Pt@rTO) as the electrocatalytic layer, porous titanium (Ti) as the current collector, and rTO as the photocatalytic layer. The JCFM exhibited remarkable performance, maintaining an •OH energy conversion efficiency of up to 20.12 nM and displaying catalytic activity (<em>k</em>_JCFM = 6.97 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹) in degrading AZX far superior to that of photocatalysis (<em>k</em>_PC = 9.51 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) or electrocatalysis (<em>k</em>_EC = 9.89 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) alone. It is evidenced that the Pt@rTO layer efficiently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, along with the micropollutants, flow through the JCFM (“feed”), which strengthens mass transfer and facilitates efficient reactions within the confined space (“catch”). The ROSs then seep through the rTO layer, where they are reactivated by UV light radiation. The mechanism and the alternative reaction pathway of DDVP and AZX has also been proposed. In sequential testing, the JCFM achieved continuous and energy-efficient removal of micropollutants, exceeding 97.5 % over 200 h. The scale-up application of this technology has proven effective in the treatment of secondary biochemical effluent from municipal sewage, coking wastewater, and landfill leachate, achieving the concurrent degradation of various micropollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122778"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for reliable water demand forecasting to increase trust in predictions","authors":"Claudia Maußner ,&nbsp;Martin Oberascher ,&nbsp;Arnold Autengruber ,&nbsp;Arno Kahl ,&nbsp;Robert Sitzenfrei","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “EU Artificial Intelligence Act” sets a framework for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in Europe. As a legal assessment reveals, AI applications in water supply systems are categorised as high-risk AI if a failure in the AI application results in a significant impact on physical infrastructure or supply reliability. The use case of water demand forecasts with AI for automatic tank operation is for example categorised as high-risk AI and must fulfil specific requirements regarding model transparency (traceability, explainability) and technical robustness (accuracy, reliability). To this end, six widely established machine learning models, including both transparent and opaque models, are applied to different datasets for daily water demand forecasting and the requirements regarding model accuracy, transparency and technical robustness are systematically evaluated for this use case. Opaque models generally achieve higher prediction accuracy compared to transparent models due to their ability to capture the complex relationship between parameters like for example weather data and water demand. However, this also makes them vulnerable to deviations and irregularities in weather forecasts and historical water demand. In contrast, transparent models rely mainly on historical water demand data for the utilised dataset and are less influenced by weather data, making them more robust against various data irregularities. In summary, both transparent and opaque models can fulfil the requirements regarding explainability but differ in their level of transparency and robustness to input errors. The choice of model depends also on the operator's preferences and the context of the application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122779"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism insights into metal-organic framework-derived carbon materials activating periodate for p-chlorophenol removal: The role of S and Fe co-doping","authors":"Wenjun Xiao ,&nbsp;Ao Chen ,&nbsp;Min Cheng ,&nbsp;Weiping Xiong ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Guangfu Wang ,&nbsp;Gaoxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Hongda Liu ,&nbsp;Qingkai Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodate (PI, IO₄⁻)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) provide an economical and sustainable approach to alleviate water pollution challenges. Developing efficient and stable activators for PI is the focus of current research. Herein, S/Fe-co-doped magnetic porous carbon material (S/Fe-ZIF-950) was prepared by introducing exogenous S atoms using Fe-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe-ZIF-8) as a precursor, which showed the most superior performance (100 % within 10 min) in activating PI to remove p-chlorophenol (4-CP). Quenching tests, electron spin resonance and electrochemical characterizations revealed that IO₃·, ¹O₂, ·O₂⁻ dominated the 4-CP degradation process with Fe₃C and ZnS as the main active sites. The synergistic effect of S and Fe was the main reason for the enhanced degradation performance of 4-CP in S/Fe-ZIF-950/PI system, among which the reducing S²⁻ could effectively promote the regeneration of Fe(Ⅱ), thus facilitating the continuous generation of active species. Combined with LC-MS results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, possible degradation routes of 4-CP in the S/Fe-ZIF-950/PI system were presented. Moreover, toxicity assessment showed that the S/Fe-ZIF-950/PI system exhibited low biotoxicity and no toxic iodine by-products were formed. In addition, S/Fe-ZIF-950/PI system demonstrated excellent activity, good stability, outstanding reusability and durability in a variety of complex water environments. This study investigated the activation mechanism of S/Fe-co-doped porous carbon materials on PI, which shed a new light on the catalytic activation of PI by heteroatom-doped Fe-loaded carbon-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122735"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for immobilizing Ag/ZnO nanorods on a glass substrate: Application in solar light-driven degradation of micropollutants in water","authors":"Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Isaac Sánchez-Montes ,&nbsp;Lingling Yang ,&nbsp;Mohamed Gamal El-Din ,&nbsp;Xuehua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the main challenges in applying photocatalysts for water treatment is the complex separation and recycling process. In this study, we developed highly stable, porous zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) immobilized on glass vials using a solvent exchange process (SEP) and hydrothermal calcination. Key parameters, including oleic acid concentration and hydrothermal growth time, were optimized to maximize the active surface area, significantly enhancing photodegradation performance. Under the best conditions, ZnO NRs-coated vials achieved nearly 100% degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in 10 h of simulated solar irradiation. Depositing silver nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO NRs (Ag/ZnO NRs) further improved performance, reducing degradation time to 4 h and increasing photocatalyst stability. The Ag/ZnO NRs-coated vials, optimized with an Ag precursor concentration of 0.05 M, also demonstrated high degradation rates (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>99%) for eight organic micropollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations over multiple reuse cycles and with minimal metal leaching. This study presents an innovative, tunable method for immobilizing photocatalysts on glass substrates, offering high surface area, excellent photocatalytic activity, and mechanical properties, making it highly suitable for water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122736"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time series-based machine learning for forecasting multivariate water quality in full-scale drinking water treatment with various reagent dosages","authors":"Hongjiao Pang ,&nbsp;Yawen Ben ,&nbsp;Yong Cao ,&nbsp;Shen Qu ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately predicting drinking water quality is critical for intelligent water supply management and for maintaining the stability and efficiency of water treatment processes. This study presents an optimized time series machine learning approach for accurately predicting multivariate drinking water quality, explicitly considering the time-dependent effects of reagent dosing. By leveraging data from a full-scale treatment plant, we constructed feature-engineered time series datasets incorporating influent water quality parameters, reagent dosages and effluent water characteristics. Seven predictive models, including both traditional machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models were developed and rigorously evaluated against a naive mean baseline model. Our results demonstrate that traditional ML models, enhanced with time feature engineering, rivaled the performance of both widely used DL models and the naive mean baseline model. Specifically, an XGBoost model achieved superior prediction accuracy in dynamically forecasting four water quality characteristics at a 12-hour time lag step, outperforming the naive baseline model by 3–4 % in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). This finding underscores the importance of incorporating a 12-hour interval to effectively capture the delayed impact of reagent dosing on water quality prediction. Furthermore, SHAP model interpretability analysis provided valuable insights into the XGBoost model's decision-making process, revealing its strong data-driven foundation aligned with established water treatment principles. This research highlights the significant potential of optimized machine learning techniques for enhancing water purification processes and enabling more informed, data-driven decision-making in the water supply industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122777"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of bacteriophages in facilitating the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in municipal wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Qingxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Lingran Feng ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruifei Wang ,&nbsp;Ruimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteriophages play integral roles in the ecosystem; however, their precise involvement in horizontal gene transfer and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are not fully understood. In this study, a coculture system involving consortia of bacteriophages and multidrug-resistant bacteria from an aerobic tank in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was established to investigate the functions of bacteriophages in ARG transfer and spread. The results of the cocultivation of the MRB and bacteriophage consortia indicated that the bacterial community remained stable throughout the whole process, but the addition of bacteriophages significantly increased ARG abundance, especially in bacteriophage DNA. Nine out of the 11 identified ARGs significantly increased, indicating that more bacteriophage particles carried ARGs in the system after cocultivation. In addition, 686 plasmids were detected during cocultivation, of which only 3.36 % were identified as conjugative plasmids, which is significantly lower than the proportion found among previously published plasmids (25.2 %, totaling 14,029 plasmids). Our findings revealed that bacteriophages may play important roles in the horizontal transfer of ARGs through both bacteriophage-mediated conduction and an increase in extracellular ARGs; however, conjugative transfer may not be the main mechanism by which multidrug-resistant bacteria acquire and spread ARGs. Unlike in most previous reports, a coculture system of diverse bacteria and bacteriophages was established in this study to assess bacteriophage functions in ARG transfer and dissemination in the environment, overcoming the limitations associated with the isolation of bacteria and bacteriophages, as well as the specificity of bacteriophage hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122776"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-catalytic enhancement of Cu-EDTA decomplexation and simultaneous Cu recovery via a dual-cathode electrochemical process","authors":"Ran Mao ,&nbsp;Ke Hu ,&nbsp;Hongshuai Kan ,&nbsp;Li Yan ,&nbsp;Rongsen Chen ,&nbsp;Xu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals that are readily chelated with coexisting organic ligands in industrial wastewaters impose threats to environment and human health but are also valuable metal resources. Traditional treatment methods generally require additional chemicals and generate secondary contaminants. Here, a reagent-free dual-cathode electrochemical system was proposed for the efficient destruction of Cu-organic complexes and synchronous cathodic recovery of Cu, whereby in situ production of H₂O₂ at carbon aerogel (CA) cathode was coupled with the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) and finally to Cu(0) at Ti cathode. The intermediate Cu(II) complexes enabled the self-reinforced degradation owing to their higher activities toward •OH generation by activating H₂O₂ in contrast to initial Cu-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cu-EDTA). The enhanced production of Cu(I) by Ti cathode facilitated both •OH and Cu(III) formation, and the copper redox cycle was realized in the self-reinforced system, maintaining its sustainable catalytic activity. The energy cost of the dual-cathode system is 0.011 kWh/g for decomplexation and 0.057 kWh/g for Cu recovery, which is much lower than single Ti or CA cathode system. This established process provides a prospective approach for cost-effective destruction of chelating metal complexes and metal resources recovery from heavy metal wastewaters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122775"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorbability of a wide range of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on granular activated carbon, ion exchange resin, and surface modified clay","authors":"Bahareh Tajdini ,&nbsp;Hooman Vatankhah ,&nbsp;Ethan R. Pezoulas ,&nbsp;Chuhui Zhang ,&nbsp;Christopher P Higgins ,&nbsp;Christopher Bellona","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increased detection of understudied per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in environmental matrices has highlighted the need to evaluate the treatability of a wide-range of PFAS by sorption-based processes. This study investigated the efficacy of three commercial adsorbents (i.e., granular activated carbon (GAC), surface modified clay (SMC), and anionic exchange resin (AER)) for the removal of a wide range of cationic, zwitterionic, and anionic PFAS from an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)-impacted groundwater employing rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and suspect screening analysis (SQ). AER exhibited later breakthrough times for the majority of anionic and zwitterionic PFAS compared to SMC and GAC. However, both AER and SMC exhibited negligible removal of cationic PFAS presumably due to the reliance of these adsorbents on electrostatic interactions and the counteraction of hydrophobic forces caused by the repulsion between cationic PFAS and positively charged surfaces of AER and SMC. GAC, being a non-selective adsorbent, was largely unaffected by the ionic charge of the evaluated PFAS with molecular structure having a bigger impact on adsorbability. The detection of a variety of PFAS classes in the investigated AFFF-impacted groundwater enabled assessment of the relative impact of chemical structure on adsorptive removal of PFAS. Chain-length dependent adsorption was observed across all investigated anionic and zwitterionic PFAS classes. The PFAS structures possessing hydroxyl and/or methyl functional groups exhibited later breakthrough times compared to their homologues lacking these functional groups and cyclic/unsaturated structures were removed less efficiently compared to their linear/saturated homologues. In the case of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA)-derivative structures, hydrogen-substituted classes (i.e., H-PFAAs) were removed more efficiency than PFAAs while keto-substituted structures (i.e., K-PFSA) and pentahydrido-fluoroalkane sulfates (PeH-FAOS) exhibited lower adsorbability compared to PFAAs for all adsorbents. Oxa-PFAAs (O-PFSA; isomer class of PFA-OS) on the other hand demonstrated higher adsorbability compared to PFAAs in the case of AER-like adsorbents, while this trend was reversed for GAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122774"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Nitrogen Recovery and Water Transport in Gas-Permeable Membranes","authors":"C. Da Silva, A. Serra-Toro, V. Pelizzaro, F. Valentino, S. Astals, F. Mas, J. Dosta","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122771","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a new modeling approach for nitrogen recovery for gas-permeable membrane (GPM) contactors, including both ammonia and water transport dynamics. A distinct feature of the model is its capacity to model water transport across the membrane, which has been overlooked in most publications. Osmotic pressure differences are used to predict the behavior of ammonia and water transport in the GPM. Experiments carried out to develop, test and calibrate the model examined the dynamics of ammonia and water transport through the GPM at various nitrogen concentrations. Specifically, the GPM contactor was tested for nitrogen recovery from high-strength synthetic wastewaters (2.4-10.6 g N/L) at 35°C and at pH 9. The initial volume of the trapping solution (diluted H₂SO₄) was 10 times lower than that of the synthetic wastewater, aiming to concentrate the recovered nitrogen. The estimated ammonia transport constant (K_m) ranged between (1.2 – 2.1)·10^-6 m/s and water transport constant K_w between (2.8 – 8.2)·10^-10 m/(s bar). Numerical determination of the model parameters revealed high R² values, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental data.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient solar-driven selenate reduction and removal from industrial brine using TiO2-based buoyant photocatalysts","authors":"Aldrich Ngan ,&nbsp;Zi Qi Chen ,&nbsp;Aaron Bleasdale-Pollowy ,&nbsp;Christopher Chan ,&nbsp;Frank Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium (Se), released from mining, power generation, and agriculture, is an environmentally and ecologically concerning contaminant due to its toxicity at elevated concentrations. Se oxyanions are highly soluble and mobile in aquatic ecosystems, and have a strong tendency to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, leading to acute and chronic toxicity in animals and humans. Photocatalysis presents a promising sustainable Se treatment solution and has successfully reduced and removed Se from mining-influenced matrices using UV-powered slurry photoreactor systems. Despite its potential, active photocatalytic water treatment faces significant challenges, particularly high operating costs and limited development of scalable deployment strategies, which hinder its real-world application. Herein, we adapt photocatalytic Se reduction and removal towards an easily deployable solar-driven semi-passive application using TiO₂-based buoyant photocatalysts (BPCs). The results demonstrate successful semi-passive photocatalytic selenium reduction and removal using BPCs under ambient solar conditions, achieving up to 99.6 % removal of Se from an industrial brine matrix containing ∼3.5 mg/L of Se, despite challenges from dissolved oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We advance the mechanistic understanding of the ambient Se reduction pathway, successfully identifying Se(IV) as a reduction intermediate, and uncovering the role formic acid plays in suppressing the oxidative effects of ROS, enabling the complete reduction of Se. We address the major challenges to both Se treatment and environmental photocatalysis and highlight the potential of sustainable solar-driven and semi-passive photocatalytic processes to address environmental challenges like selenium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122761"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142597713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}