Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000499
L. Webster, E. Okasha, David Williams
The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Although incomplete, the strap-end is of interest in view of its rarity in being made of silver, of its decoration and of it containing an inscribed text. One part of the decoration is a depiction of the agnus dei. In the discussion, the decoration on the strap-end, and its significance, is set in the context of other instances of the agnus dei, both on artefacts and in manuscripts, from late Anglo-Saxon England.
{"title":"A DECORATED AND INSCRIBED STRAP-END FROM NUFFIELD, OXFORDSHIRE","authors":"L. Webster, E. Okasha, David Williams","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000499","url":null,"abstract":"The object described and discussed in this paper is a recently found Anglo-Saxon strap-end. Although incomplete, the strap-end is of interest in view of its rarity in being made of silver, of its decoration and of it containing an inscribed text. One part of the decoration is a depiction of the agnus dei. In the discussion, the decoration on the strap-end, and its significance, is set in the context of other instances of the agnus dei, both on artefacts and in manuscripts, from late Anglo-Saxon England.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"213 - 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000499","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45746829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000487
Richard Henry, David Roberts, S. Roskams
Traditionally, Roman temples and shrines in Britain have been contextualised in relation to wider ‘Roman’ religious practices. Until recently, considerations of architectural form and named deities have dominated discussions. The wider turn in archaeological discourse recognising ritual in everyday contexts has highlighted the importance of lived experience and landscape practice in shaping belief. Here we reflect on the implications of such ideas when approaching ritual practice at Roman temples, using a recently excavated example from Wiltshire, southern Britain, as a case study. The exceptional artefactual assemblages from the site demonstrate the importance of local and regional landscape practices and belief in shaping ritual practice in a sacred space. In addition, geophysical survey and analysis of Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) finds suggests that those occupying the landscape had long-term access to wealth. Deposition in the temple itself indicates the continuing importance attached to prehistoric objects in the Roman period, but also to the adoption of new votive practices of miniaturisation, mutilation and sacrifice. These rituals, although part of wider grammars of religious behaviour, had their roots in specific local contexts. Our detailed analyses provide a picture of a temple dedicated to a previously unknown local god, Bregneus, framed against that of an active community involved in farming, iron processing, quarrying, hunting and woodland management.
{"title":"A ROMAN TEMPLE FROM SOUTHERN BRITAIN: RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN LANDSCAPE CONTEXTS","authors":"Richard Henry, David Roberts, S. Roskams","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000487","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, Roman temples and shrines in Britain have been contextualised in relation to wider ‘Roman’ religious practices. Until recently, considerations of architectural form and named deities have dominated discussions. The wider turn in archaeological discourse recognising ritual in everyday contexts has highlighted the importance of lived experience and landscape practice in shaping belief. Here we reflect on the implications of such ideas when approaching ritual practice at Roman temples, using a recently excavated example from Wiltshire, southern Britain, as a case study. The exceptional artefactual assemblages from the site demonstrate the importance of local and regional landscape practices and belief in shaping ritual practice in a sacred space. In addition, geophysical survey and analysis of Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) finds suggests that those occupying the landscape had long-term access to wealth. Deposition in the temple itself indicates the continuing importance attached to prehistoric objects in the Roman period, but also to the adoption of new votive practices of miniaturisation, mutilation and sacrifice. These rituals, although part of wider grammars of religious behaviour, had their roots in specific local contexts. Our detailed analyses provide a picture of a temple dedicated to a previously unknown local god, Bregneus, framed against that of an active community involved in farming, iron processing, quarrying, hunting and woodland management.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"79 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48371468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-03DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000451
Z. Stewart
The Temple Church, founded as the chapel of the motherhouse of the English Templars around 1160, is among the most intriguing medieval churches in London. Utilising a wide range of textual, archaeological and architectural evidence, this paper provides a new account of the evolution of the ecclesiastical complex from the mid-twelfth century to the mid-thirteenth century, focusing in particular on the form and the function of a series of now largely obliterated auxiliary structures. It argues that one of the driving forces for the construction of these buildings was a competition for both patrons and prestige that existed between the two preeminent military orders of the period: the Templars and the Hospitallers.
{"title":"BROTHERLY RIVALS: TEMPLARS, HOSPITALLERS AND THE ARCHITECTURAL EXPANSION OF THE TEMPLE CHURCH IN LONDON","authors":"Z. Stewart","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000451","url":null,"abstract":"The Temple Church, founded as the chapel of the motherhouse of the English Templars around 1160, is among the most intriguing medieval churches in London. Utilising a wide range of textual, archaeological and architectural evidence, this paper provides a new account of the evolution of the ecclesiastical complex from the mid-twelfth century to the mid-thirteenth century, focusing in particular on the form and the function of a series of now largely obliterated auxiliary structures. It argues that one of the driving forces for the construction of these buildings was a competition for both patrons and prestige that existed between the two preeminent military orders of the period: the Templars and the Hospitallers.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"235 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43292671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000475
E. Nelson, G. Mavrofridis, I. Anagnostopoulos
The unique gold pendant found at Chrysolakkos, Malia, Crete, in 1930 has been variously interpreted, and usually is said to represent a pair of bees. This vague interpretation is discussed, and it is pointed out that the three discs that are suspended from the pendant closely resemble the fruits of a native Cretan herb, Tordylium apulum. Megascolia maculata, a member of the order Hymenoptera, is proposed as the model for the insects. Like a gold toggle pin, also from Chrysolakkos, the pendant demonstrates that Cretan goldsmiths were capable of creating aesthetically pleasing work by paying close attention to the local flora and fauna and used examples as the models for their unique jewellery
{"title":"NATURAL HISTORY OF A BRONZE AGE JEWEL FOUND IN CRETE: THE MALIA PENDANT","authors":"E. Nelson, G. Mavrofridis, I. Anagnostopoulos","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000475","url":null,"abstract":"The unique gold pendant found at Chrysolakkos, Malia, Crete, in 1930 has been variously interpreted, and usually is said to represent a pair of bees. This vague interpretation is discussed, and it is pointed out that the three discs that are suspended from the pendant closely resemble the fruits of a native Cretan herb, Tordylium apulum. Megascolia maculata, a member of the order Hymenoptera, is proposed as the model for the insects. Like a gold toggle pin, also from Chrysolakkos, the pendant demonstrates that Cretan goldsmiths were capable of creating aesthetically pleasing work by paying close attention to the local flora and fauna and used examples as the models for their unique jewellery","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47300959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000438
Jill A. Franklin
Within the Romanesque abbey church at St Albans (Hertfordshire), the vestiges of an earlier structure have been identified for the first time. A hitherto unrecorded feature in the transept, noted by the author in 2017, indicates that, at some stage, the nave lacked its existing arcade piers and instead had solid walls. The implications of this are considerable, calling for a thorough reassessment of the building’s history. For now, it is important to record the primary evidence, so as to make it available for further research. This article aims to provide a concise account of the evidence and a summary of what it might mean. According to the thirteenth-century chronicler, Matthew Paris, the existing church was begun in 1077 and completed in 1088. New evidence indicates, however, that the Romanesque building, with its aisled nave and presbytery, was preceded by a cruciform structure without aisles. The inference is that the existing building contains the fabric of this unaisled predecessor. The obvious conclusion – that it therefore represents the lost Anglo-Saxon abbey church – does not follow without question; as yet, excavation has yielded no conclusive evidence of an earlier church on the site. The critical diagnostic feature presented here for the first time adds substance to the view that the remodelling of unaisled buildings was not uncommon in the post-Conquest period, including large as well as minor churches, as identified long ago at York Minster and, more recently, at Worksop Priory.
{"title":"THE ANGLO-NORMAN ABBEY CHURCH OF ST ALBANS AND THE AISLELESS NAVE OF ITS CRUCIFORM PREDECESSOR: THE MATERIAL EVIDENCE","authors":"Jill A. Franklin","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000438","url":null,"abstract":"Within the Romanesque abbey church at St Albans (Hertfordshire), the vestiges of an earlier structure have been identified for the first time. A hitherto unrecorded feature in the transept, noted by the author in 2017, indicates that, at some stage, the nave lacked its existing arcade piers and instead had solid walls. The implications of this are considerable, calling for a thorough reassessment of the building’s history. For now, it is important to record the primary evidence, so as to make it available for further research. This article aims to provide a concise account of the evidence and a summary of what it might mean. According to the thirteenth-century chronicler, Matthew Paris, the existing church was begun in 1077 and completed in 1088. New evidence indicates, however, that the Romanesque building, with its aisled nave and presbytery, was preceded by a cruciform structure without aisles. The inference is that the existing building contains the fabric of this unaisled predecessor. The obvious conclusion – that it therefore represents the lost Anglo-Saxon abbey church – does not follow without question; as yet, excavation has yielded no conclusive evidence of an earlier church on the site. The critical diagnostic feature presented here for the first time adds substance to the view that the remodelling of unaisled buildings was not uncommon in the post-Conquest period, including large as well as minor churches, as identified long ago at York Minster and, more recently, at Worksop Priory.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"220 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45117414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-11DOI: 10.1017/S0003581520000463
H. Hamerow, A. Shortland, E. Cameron
Garnet-inlaid metalwork was an emblem of elite culture in the early medieval North Sea world. This study compares three Anglo-Saxon garnet-inlaid brooches that are exceptionally similar in design and appearance. All three date to the seventh century, a period that saw the emergence of leading families that used such deluxe dress items to enhance their political position. The central hypothesis explored here is that the brooches were produced by the same, or by closely linked, goldsmiths working under the patronage of such a family. Integrated analysis was conducted using microscopy, CT scans, XRF and XRD, in part to establish whether the garnets used came from the same or different sources.
{"title":"EARLY MEDIEVAL GARNET-INLAID METALWORK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DISC BROOCHES FROM EARLY WESSEX","authors":"H. Hamerow, A. Shortland, E. Cameron","doi":"10.1017/S0003581520000463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581520000463","url":null,"abstract":"Garnet-inlaid metalwork was an emblem of elite culture in the early medieval North Sea world. This study compares three Anglo-Saxon garnet-inlaid brooches that are exceptionally similar in design and appearance. All three date to the seventh century, a period that saw the emergence of leading families that used such deluxe dress items to enhance their political position. The central hypothesis explored here is that the brooches were produced by the same, or by closely linked, goldsmiths working under the patronage of such a family. Integrated analysis was conducted using microscopy, CT scans, XRF and XRD, in part to establish whether the garnets used came from the same or different sources.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"143 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S0003581520000463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44082028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1017/s0003581519000283
M. Hassall
late in the building programme. A further detail is that the foundations and lowest course of the Wall appear to have been built in lengths of Roman feet. A strength of Bidwell’s reports is his re-examination of earlier relevant excavations. Here, it is his observations on the records relating to F G Simpson’s investigation of the relationship between the Wall and the west gate of the fort. Bidwell’s conclusion is that the gate was erected with a wing wall laid on a single course of foundations, and therefore in advance of the Wall itself. It is through such observations, ancient as well as modern, that we can understand the building process better and through that obtain an appreciation not just of the way that the Wall was constructed but the sequence of building, which in turn help us to understand the priorities of the builders and the significance of the changes in plan. The section of the Wall west of Wallsend was erected over a valley, which led to the repeated collapse and rebuilding of the superstructure, an indication of the determination of the Roman army to maintain the Wall as a barrier. This was underlined by the discovery of two phases of pits on the berm, presumably to hold obstacles such as sharpened branches. By way of contrast, the discovery and excavation of an aqueduct, an extremely rare survival in the western provinces, bringing water to the fort’s bath-house from north of the ditch and the examination of fields dating to the third century, also to the north of the Wall, are reminders that the linear barrier was not a great divide. The erection of a replica stretch of the Wall in /was preceded by a rigorous examination of the available evidence, detailed in the report. The discussion includes consideration of the evidence for the top of the Wall. A decision could not be fudged, and it was decided to provide the replica with a wall-walk, which at least has the advantage of providing visitors with a viewing platform. This was provided with a forward parapet. Modern health and safety considerations have resulted in the placing of a metal railing on the south side of the wall-walk; Roman soldiers would doubtless have welcomed such an addition, considering that any patrolling would have taken place at least .m above the ground. This is not just an excavation report, important as that is, but a wider consideration of the significance of the results and their relevance to other parts of Hadrian’s Wall. It should be on the bookshelves of everyone interested in Roman frontiers.
{"title":"Britannia Romana: Roman inscriptions and Roman Britain. By Roger Tomlin. 240mm. Pp xvi + 472, ills. Oxbow Books, Oxford and Philadelphia, 2017. isbn 9781785707001. £48 (hbk).","authors":"M. Hassall","doi":"10.1017/s0003581519000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003581519000283","url":null,"abstract":"late in the building programme. A further detail is that the foundations and lowest course of the Wall appear to have been built in lengths of Roman feet. A strength of Bidwell’s reports is his re-examination of earlier relevant excavations. Here, it is his observations on the records relating to F G Simpson’s investigation of the relationship between the Wall and the west gate of the fort. Bidwell’s conclusion is that the gate was erected with a wing wall laid on a single course of foundations, and therefore in advance of the Wall itself. It is through such observations, ancient as well as modern, that we can understand the building process better and through that obtain an appreciation not just of the way that the Wall was constructed but the sequence of building, which in turn help us to understand the priorities of the builders and the significance of the changes in plan. The section of the Wall west of Wallsend was erected over a valley, which led to the repeated collapse and rebuilding of the superstructure, an indication of the determination of the Roman army to maintain the Wall as a barrier. This was underlined by the discovery of two phases of pits on the berm, presumably to hold obstacles such as sharpened branches. By way of contrast, the discovery and excavation of an aqueduct, an extremely rare survival in the western provinces, bringing water to the fort’s bath-house from north of the ditch and the examination of fields dating to the third century, also to the north of the Wall, are reminders that the linear barrier was not a great divide. The erection of a replica stretch of the Wall in /was preceded by a rigorous examination of the available evidence, detailed in the report. The discussion includes consideration of the evidence for the top of the Wall. A decision could not be fudged, and it was decided to provide the replica with a wall-walk, which at least has the advantage of providing visitors with a viewing platform. This was provided with a forward parapet. Modern health and safety considerations have resulted in the placing of a metal railing on the south side of the wall-walk; Roman soldiers would doubtless have welcomed such an addition, considering that any patrolling would have taken place at least .m above the ground. This is not just an excavation report, important as that is, but a wider consideration of the significance of the results and their relevance to other parts of Hadrian’s Wall. It should be on the bookshelves of everyone interested in Roman frontiers.","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":"463 - 464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/s0003581519000283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45366312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.1017/S000358152000044X
Mary M. Brooks, S. O’Connor, C. Caple, C. Graves, A. Quye
{"title":"FRAGMENTS OF FAITH: UNPICKING ARCHBISHOP JOHN MORTON’S VESTMENTS — ERRATUM","authors":"Mary M. Brooks, S. O’Connor, C. Caple, C. Graves, A. Quye","doi":"10.1017/S000358152000044X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S000358152000044X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44308,"journal":{"name":"Antiquaries Journal","volume":"100 1","pages":"457 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/S000358152000044X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43002641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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