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Quebec’s new language dynamic 魁北克的新语言动态
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00038.CAS
C. Castonguay
Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.
人口普查数据用于监测101号法案在重新调整法语语言转变方面的效率。自1991年以来,来自前法国殖民地或罗曼斯语国家的移民被证明是推动法语在异语同化中所占份额增加的主要因素。101号法案中的学校教育条款被视为在这方面发挥了重要的支持作用,但那些将法语作为工作语言的条款却没有。研究进一步表明,法语国家自身日益英国化,尤其是在蒙特利尔大都市地区,严重影响了法语在整体同化中所占份额增加的相应趋势。由此巩固了英语作为魁北克同化语言的优势,这在很大程度上解释了自2001年以来出现的一种新的语言动态,将魁北克法语多数群体的相对权重创纪录地下降与英语少数群体的权重温和但同样具有历史意义的增加相结合。
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引用次数: 7
Evaluating the impact of Bill 101 on the English-speaking communities of Quebec 评估101号法案对魁北克英语社区的影响
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-07-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00042.BOU
R. Bourhis
Though forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ). Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Quebec population acquired knowledge of French. Language laws contributed to the decline of Anglophone mother tongue speakers from 13% of the population in 1971 to 7.5% in 2016, while increasing to 70% French/English bilingualism amongst Anglophones. With a net interprovincial loss of over 310,000 Anglophones who left Quebec for the rest of Canada (ROC), results show that Anglophones who stayed in Quebec are less educated and earn lower income than Quebec Francophones. Language laws limiting access to English schools succeeded in reducing the size of the English school system from 256, 251 pupils in 1971 (100%) to only 96,235 pupils in 2018 (37%). While the Anglophone minority bemoan their demographic and institutional decline in education, health care, and government services, many Francophones remains concerned about threats to French by bilingualism in Montreal and their minority status in Canada and North America.
尽管四十年的语言政策大大提高了法语在魁北克的地位和使用,但101号法案等法律在降低魁北克英语社区的人口和制度活力方面发挥了作用。亲法法律将法语人口保持在魁北克人口的近80%,并确保魁北克人口的95%掌握法语。语言法导致讲英语的母语人口从1971年的13%下降到2016年的7.5%,同时英语人群中法语/英语双语率上升到70%。跨省净损失超过31万名离开魁北克前往加拿大其他地区的英语人,结果显示,留在魁北克的英语人受教育程度较低,收入也低于魁北克法语人。限制进入英国学校的语言法成功地将英国学校系统的规模从1971年的256251名学生(100%)减少到2018年的96235名学生(37%)。虽然讲英语的少数民族哀叹他们在教育、医疗保健和政府服务方面的人口和制度下降,但许多讲法语的人仍然担心蒙特利尔的双语以及他们在加拿大和北美的少数民族地位对法语的威胁。
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引用次数: 9
The role of LPLP in a changing landscape LPLP在不断变化的环境中的作用
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00029.EDI
F. Grin
There seems to be a broad consensus nowadays among scholars, politicians, journalists and citizens at large that in the course of the last few decades, and particularly since the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, linguistic and cultural diversity has moved to the forefront of public concerns. The prominence of linguistic and cultural diversity as a major social issue of our times is an interesting fact in its own right. Some fifty years ago, technical progress and economic growth were often assumed, particularly among cosmopolitan elites, to usher in a new era in human history, in which matters of language and culture would become little more than peripheral embellishments, or impediments, in the life and progress of modern societies. Despite social change (epitomized, in Europe, by the May 1968 movement) and emerging geopolitical shifts (illustrated by the evolution of the Vietnam war), belief in the unidirectionality of progress remained dominant. In many quarters, languages were essentially seen as problems, and those problems were meant to be solved – for example in the context of decolonization. However, things have turned out quite differently. Several momentous changes in recent history can help explain why questions of language and culture have regained such visibility. Without attempting an in-depth analysis of these changes and their respective impacts, we can identify three of them. The first is the geopolitical shift marked by the demise of the erstwhile Soviet Union. A rivalry between major powers that had, for most of the 20th century, operated as a structuring feature of the international geopolitical order has, though not exactly vanished, fundamentally changed. The dissolution of the Soviet Union at the turn of the 1990s has allowed the re-emergence and re-assertion of components of ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity that had often been discounted as passé or irrelevant. This re-emergence bears witness to the remarkable resilience of the linguistic and cultural facets of human societies. The second of these changes is embodied in accelerated technical progress, particularly in ICT, including automatic translation, together with the possible practical uses of these technical advances. The effects on diversity of technical
如今,学者、政治家、记者和广大公民似乎达成了广泛共识,即在过去几十年中,特别是自1989年柏林墙倒塌以来,语言和文化多样性已成为公众关注的焦点。语言和文化多样性作为我们时代的一个主要社会问题的突出地位本身就是一个有趣的事实。大约五十年前,技术进步和经济增长,特别是在世界精英中,经常被认为是人类历史上的一个新时代,在这个时代,语言和文化问题只会成为现代社会生活和进步的外围装饰或障碍。尽管社会发生了变化(1968年5月运动在欧洲体现了这一点),地缘政治也发生了转变(越南战争的演变就是例证),但对进步单向性的信念仍然占主导地位。在许多方面,语言基本上被视为问题,这些问题本应得到解决——例如在非殖民化的背景下。然而,情况却大不相同。近代史上的一些重大变化有助于解释为什么语言和文化问题重新变得如此引人注目。如果不尝试深入分析这些变化及其各自的影响,我们就可以确定其中的三个。首先是以前苏联解体为标志的地缘政治转变。在20世纪的大部分时间里,大国之间的竞争一直是国际地缘政治秩序的一个结构性特征,但这种竞争虽然没有完全消失,但已经发生了根本性的变化。20世纪90年代初苏联解体,使种族、语言和文化多样性的组成部分得以重新出现和重新确立,而这些组成部分往往被认为是过去的或无关紧要的。这种重新出现证明了人类社会语言和文化方面的非凡韧性。这些变化中的第二个体现在加速技术进步,特别是在信息和通信技术方面,包括自动翻译,以及这些技术进步可能的实际用途。对技术多样性的影响
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引用次数: 4
Ng, P. C., & Boucher-Yip, E. F. (Eds.). (2017). Teacher agency and policy response in English language teaching Ng,P。 C.和叶。 F.(编辑)。(2017)。英语教学中的教师代理与政策应对
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00035.MAC
J. MacDonald
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引用次数: 0
Los límites jurídicos de las políticas lingüísticas y la desterritorialidad del catalán 语言政策的法律限制和加泰罗尼亚语的非领土化
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00034.JIM
Juan Jiménez-Salcedo
El concepto de territorialidad lingüística remite a la existencia, para cada una de las lenguas de Europa, de un régimen jurídico propio circunscrito a un territorio determinado. Como categoría opuesta, el concepto de desterritorialidad implica la existencia de un no-territorio jurídico, en el que no se pueden desarrollar de manera óptima las políticas lingüísticas necesarias para hacer que una lengua se convierta en lengua pública común. El catalán puede considerarse lengua mediana de Europa desde el punto de vista demolingüístico, pero está desterritorializada, pues carece de plenitud institucional al tener que compartir espacio jurídico con el francés y el castellano. Este fenómeno es especialmente observable en el ámbito educativo, en el que pueden analizarse hasta tres niveles diferentes de desterritorialidad: la influencia del castellano y el francés como lengua franca y lengua vehicular tradicional en Andorra (nivel 1), la dificultad de encajar el sistema de conjunción lingüística de Cataluña en el entramado constitucional español (nivel 2) y la insuficiencia de la política lingüística educativa para revertir la ruptura de la transmisión lingüística intergeneracional en el Rosellón (nivel 3).
语言领土的概念指的是,欧洲的每一种语言都有自己的法律制度,局限于特定的领土。与此相反,非领土化的概念意味着存在一个法律上的非领土化,在这个非领土化中,使一种语言成为共同公共语言所需的语言政策无法得到最佳发展。从语言学的角度来看,加泰罗尼亚语可以被认为是欧洲的中间语言,但它没有领土化,因为它缺乏制度上的完整性,必须与法语和西班牙语共享法律空间。这种现象在教育领域尤其明显,在教育领域可以分析到三个不同程度的非领土化:影响西班牙语和法语作为通用语言和传统车辆安道尔(1级),很难适应加泰罗尼亚的系统连接lingüística西班牙宪法框架(2级)和缺乏政治教育lingüística扭转打破代际传播lingüística Rosellón(三级)。
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引用次数: 2
Yolanda Ruiz de Zarobe (Ed). (2016). Content and Language Integrated Learning: Language Policy and Pedagogical Practice Yolanda Ruiz de Zarobe(教育部)。(2016)。内容与语言综合学习:语言政策与教学实践
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00036.MOR
T. Morton
This article reviews Content and Language Integrated Learning: Language Policy and Pedagogical Practice
本文综述了内容与语言综合学习:语言政策与教学实践
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf 东亚和海湾地区对EMI的态度
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00030.GRA
Keith M. Graham, Zohreh R. Eslami
In order to raise global profiles of universities, governments around the world have pushed universities to offer English medium instruction (EMI) courses. While research examining the attitudes toward EMI has been conducted in various countries, these studies generally look at a single university and rarely examine attitudes between countries or regions. In order to investigate attitudes from a macro perspective, this study used a systematic literature review method to synthesize findings on attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf. The review was guided by the following research questions: (1) What are the attitudes toward EMI in countries in the Gulf and East Asia? and (2) What are the similarities/differences between countries and what factors can be attributed to these? Attitude scores were calculated for twenty studies from ten countries, and the studies were coded by common themes affecting EMI attitudes. Results show that factors affecting attitudes include language and content issues, choice of medium of instruction, instructor quality, motivation to learn English, and deficit views of the L1. As a result of the findings, it is suggested that governments and universities review their EMI policies in order to ensure education quality and maintain the status of local languages.
为了提高大学的全球知名度,世界各国政府都在推动大学开设英语教学课程。虽然各国都对EMI的态度进行了研究,但这些研究通常着眼于一所大学,很少考察国家或地区之间的态度。为了从宏观角度调查人们的态度,本研究采用了系统的文献综述方法,综合了东亚和海湾地区对EMI态度的研究结果。本综述以以下研究问题为指导:(1)海湾和东亚国家对EMI的态度是什么?以及(2)国家之间有哪些相似之处/差异,可以归因于哪些因素?对来自10个国家的20项研究的态度得分进行了计算,这些研究按照影响EMI态度的共同主题进行了编码。结果表明,影响态度的因素包括语言和内容问题、教学语言的选择、教师素质、学习英语的动机和L1的缺陷观。根据调查结果,建议政府和大学审查其EMI政策,以确保教育质量并保持当地语言的地位。
{"title":"Attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf","authors":"Keith M. Graham, Zohreh R. Eslami","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00030.GRA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00030.GRA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In order to raise global profiles of universities, governments around the world have pushed universities to offer English medium instruction (EMI) courses. While research examining the attitudes toward EMI has been conducted in various countries, these studies generally look at a single university and rarely examine attitudes between countries or regions. In order to investigate attitudes from a macro perspective, this study used a systematic literature review method to synthesize findings on attitudes toward EMI in East Asia and the Gulf. The review was guided by the following research questions: (1) What are the attitudes toward EMI in countries in the Gulf and East Asia? and (2) What are the similarities/differences between countries and what factors can be attributed to these? Attitude scores were calculated for twenty studies from ten countries, and the studies were coded by common themes affecting EMI attitudes. Results show that factors affecting attitudes include language and content issues, choice of medium of instruction, instructor quality, motivation to learn English, and deficit views of the L1. As a result of the findings, it is suggested that governments and universities review their EMI policies in order to ensure education quality and maintain the status of local languages.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43492927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Hacia una ortografía para el chabacano zamboangueño 走向zamboangueno chabacano的拼写
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00031.TOB
Eduardo Tobar Delgado, Mauro A. Fernández
El chabacano zamboangueño goza de una vitalidad en el ámbito oral que no se corresponde con la escasez de textos publicados en esta lengua criolla. Con todo, en los últimos tiempos están aumentando las prácticas escritas en ámbitos como el sistema escolar, los medios audiovisuales o internet. Estas novedades han propiciado el interés por la estandarización de la lengua y el desarrollo de una ortografía estable. Para lograr estos objetivos, los zamboangueños se enfrentan no solo a problemas técnicos sino también ideológicos, ya que el proceso de selección o descarte de rasgos lingüísticos o de grafemas suscita, casi inevitablemente, tensiones antes inexistentes. Este artículo examina la diversidad de prácticas escritas existentes y las propuestas de normativización ortográfica surgidas en los últimos años, prestando atención a los pormenores técnicos y al valor simbólico de las relaciones fonema/grafema.
zamboangueno chabacano在口语领域享有活力,这与用这种克里奥尔语出版的文本的短缺并不相符。然而,最近在学校系统、视听媒体和互联网等领域的书面实践有所增加。这些发展激发了人们对语言标准化和稳定正字法发展的兴趣。为了实现这些目标,zamboanguenos不仅面临着技术上的问题,也面临着意识形态上的问题,因为选择或丢弃语言特征或字素的过程几乎不可避免地会引发以前不存在的紧张关系。本文探讨了近年来书面实践的多样性和正字法标准化的建议,关注音素/字素关系的技术细节和象征价值。
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引用次数: 2
Reviewing reform 审查改革
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-03-22 DOI: 10.1075/LPLP.00032.DEC
Basil Cahusac de Caux
The transformation of the contemporary Japanese writing system stemmed from the simultaneous political and cultural problematizing of so-called kokugo (national language) and kokuji (national script). Debates surrounding the structure and function of the written form of Japanese played an ongoing role in Japanese language reform proposals and policy planning initiated between the mid-1860s and early 1990s. Despite the long history of the debates and the large body of literature treating them, a comprehensive review of the scholarship dealing with the various dimensions of Japanese script reform is currently unavailable. This article provides a detailed overview and analysis of studies of the Japanese script reform debates that utilise contemporary works describing the origins and development of language problems and language rights issues. The article subsequently considers the possibilities for future inquiries involving transnational and post-national aspects of script reform, whilst reflecting on the conspicuously gendered and ethnic dimensions of contemporary Japanese language policy-formulation itself.
当代日本书写体系的转变源于所谓的国语和国书同时出现的政治和文化问题。围绕日语书面形式的结构和功能的争论在19世纪60年代中期至90年代初启动的日语改革提案和政策规划中发挥了持续的作用。尽管这场争论有着悠久的历史,也有大量的文献对其进行了研究,但目前还无法对涉及日本剧本改革各个方面的学术进行全面的综述。本文对日本文字改革辩论的研究进行了详细的概述和分析,这些研究利用当代作品描述了语言问题和语言权利问题的起源和发展。文章随后考虑了未来涉及脚本改革的跨国和后国家方面的调查的可能性,同时反思了当代日语政策制定本身明显的性别和种族层面。
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引用次数: 0
On Whorfian socioeconomics 关于沃尔夫的社会经济学
IF 0.6 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Pub Date : 2019-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3321347
Thomas B. Pepinsky
Abstract:Whorfian socioeconomics is an emerging interdisciplinary field of study that holds that linguistic structures explain differences in beliefs, values, and opinions across communities. This field, which draws on linguistic relativity but extends it radically, holds that linguistic features are a fundamental explanation for variation in human behavior. This essay provides a conceptual overview and methodological critique of Whorfian socioeconomics, with a particular emphasis on empirical studies that document a correlation between the presence or absence of a linguistic feature in a survey respondent's language and their responses to survey questions. Using the universe of linguistic features from the World atlas of language structures online and a wide array of responses from the World Values Survey, I show that such an approach produces highly statistically significant correlations in a majority of analyses, irrespective of the theoretical plausibility linking linguistic features to respondent beliefs and behavior. I show how two simple and well-understood statistical fixes can more accurately reflect uncertainty in these analyses, and use them to replicate two prominent findings in Whorfian socioeconomics. The essay concludes by reflecting on the common methodological challenges facing linguists and other social scientists interested in nonlinguistic effects of linguistic structures.
摘要:沃尔夫社会经济学是一个新兴的跨学科研究领域,它认为语言结构解释了社区间信仰、价值观和观点的差异。这一领域借鉴了语言相对论,但从根本上扩展了它,认为语言特征是对人类行为变化的基本解释。本文提供了对沃尔夫社会经济学的概念概述和方法论批判,特别强调了实证研究,这些研究记录了调查对象语言中语言特征的存在或缺失与他们对调查问题的回答之间的相关性。通过使用在线语言结构世界地图集的语言特征和世界价值观调查的广泛回应,我表明,无论语言特征与被调查者的信仰和行为之间的理论合理性如何,这种方法在大多数分析中产生了高度统计上显著的相关性。我展示了两个简单且易于理解的统计修正如何更准确地反映这些分析中的不确定性,并用它们来复制沃尔夫社会经济学中的两个重要发现。本文最后反思了语言学家和其他对语言结构的非语言效应感兴趣的社会科学家所面临的共同方法论挑战。
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引用次数: 1
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Language Problems & Language Planning
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