Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.
{"title":"Quebec’s new language dynamic","authors":"C. Castonguay","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00038.CAS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00038.CAS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Census data are used to monitor the efficiency of Bill 101 in reorienting language shift more favourably for\u0000 French. Immigration from former French colonies or Romance-language countries is shown to be the major factor driving the increase\u0000 in the share of French in the assimilation of Allophones since 1991. The schooling provisions of Bill 101 are seen to play a\u0000 significant supporting role in this respect, but not those promoting French as language of work. It is further shown that the\u0000 corresponding trend towards a greater share for French in overall assimilation has become seriously compromised by a growing\u0000 Anglicization of Francophones themselves, notably in the Montreal metropolitan area. The resulting consolidation of the\u0000 superiority of English as language of assimilation in Quebec is seen to explain in large part the emergence of a new language\u0000 dynamic since 2001, combining a record decline in relative weight of Quebec’s French-speaking majority with a mild but equally\u0000 historic increase in weight of its English-speaking minority.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49107707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Though forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ). Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Quebec population acquired knowledge of French. Language laws contributed to the decline of Anglophone mother tongue speakers from 13% of the population in 1971 to 7.5% in 2016, while increasing to 70% French/English bilingualism amongst Anglophones. With a net interprovincial loss of over 310,000 Anglophones who left Quebec for the rest of Canada (ROC), results show that Anglophones who stayed in Quebec are less educated and earn lower income than Quebec Francophones. Language laws limiting access to English schools succeeded in reducing the size of the English school system from 256, 251 pupils in 1971 (100%) to only 96,235 pupils in 2018 (37%). While the Anglophone minority bemoan their demographic and institutional decline in education, health care, and government services, many Francophones remains concerned about threats to French by bilingualism in Montreal and their minority status in Canada and North America.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of Bill 101 on the English-speaking communities of Quebec","authors":"R. Bourhis","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00042.BOU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00042.BOU","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Though forty years of language policies much improved the status and use of French in Quebec, laws such as Bill\u0000 101 played a role in reducing the demographic and institutional vitality of the English-speaking communities of Quebec (ESCQ).\u0000 Pro-French laws maintained Francophones at close to 80% of the Quebec population and ensured that 95% of the Quebec population\u0000 acquired knowledge of French. Language laws contributed to the decline of Anglophone mother tongue speakers from 13% of the\u0000 population in 1971 to 7.5% in 2016, while increasing to 70% French/English bilingualism amongst Anglophones. With a net\u0000 interprovincial loss of over 310,000 Anglophones who left Quebec for the rest of Canada (ROC), results show that Anglophones who\u0000 stayed in Quebec are less educated and earn lower income than Quebec Francophones. Language laws limiting access to English\u0000 schools succeeded in reducing the size of the English school system from 256, 251 pupils in 1971 (100%) to only 96,235 pupils in\u0000 2018 (37%). While the Anglophone minority bemoan their demographic and institutional decline in education, health care, and\u0000 government services, many Francophones remains concerned about threats to French by bilingualism in Montreal and their minority\u0000 status in Canada and North America.","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48484073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There seems to be a broad consensus nowadays among scholars, politicians, journalists and citizens at large that in the course of the last few decades, and particularly since the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, linguistic and cultural diversity has moved to the forefront of public concerns. The prominence of linguistic and cultural diversity as a major social issue of our times is an interesting fact in its own right. Some fifty years ago, technical progress and economic growth were often assumed, particularly among cosmopolitan elites, to usher in a new era in human history, in which matters of language and culture would become little more than peripheral embellishments, or impediments, in the life and progress of modern societies. Despite social change (epitomized, in Europe, by the May 1968 movement) and emerging geopolitical shifts (illustrated by the evolution of the Vietnam war), belief in the unidirectionality of progress remained dominant. In many quarters, languages were essentially seen as problems, and those problems were meant to be solved – for example in the context of decolonization. However, things have turned out quite differently. Several momentous changes in recent history can help explain why questions of language and culture have regained such visibility. Without attempting an in-depth analysis of these changes and their respective impacts, we can identify three of them. The first is the geopolitical shift marked by the demise of the erstwhile Soviet Union. A rivalry between major powers that had, for most of the 20th century, operated as a structuring feature of the international geopolitical order has, though not exactly vanished, fundamentally changed. The dissolution of the Soviet Union at the turn of the 1990s has allowed the re-emergence and re-assertion of components of ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity that had often been discounted as passé or irrelevant. This re-emergence bears witness to the remarkable resilience of the linguistic and cultural facets of human societies. The second of these changes is embodied in accelerated technical progress, particularly in ICT, including automatic translation, together with the possible practical uses of these technical advances. The effects on diversity of technical
{"title":"The role of LPLP in a changing landscape","authors":"F. Grin","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00029.EDI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00029.EDI","url":null,"abstract":"There seems to be a broad consensus nowadays among scholars, politicians, journalists and citizens at large that in the course of the last few decades, and particularly since the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, linguistic and cultural diversity has moved to the forefront of public concerns. The prominence of linguistic and cultural diversity as a major social issue of our times is an interesting fact in its own right. Some fifty years ago, technical progress and economic growth were often assumed, particularly among cosmopolitan elites, to usher in a new era in human history, in which matters of language and culture would become little more than peripheral embellishments, or impediments, in the life and progress of modern societies. Despite social change (epitomized, in Europe, by the May 1968 movement) and emerging geopolitical shifts (illustrated by the evolution of the Vietnam war), belief in the unidirectionality of progress remained dominant. In many quarters, languages were essentially seen as problems, and those problems were meant to be solved – for example in the context of decolonization. However, things have turned out quite differently. Several momentous changes in recent history can help explain why questions of language and culture have regained such visibility. Without attempting an in-depth analysis of these changes and their respective impacts, we can identify three of them. The first is the geopolitical shift marked by the demise of the erstwhile Soviet Union. A rivalry between major powers that had, for most of the 20th century, operated as a structuring feature of the international geopolitical order has, though not exactly vanished, fundamentally changed. The dissolution of the Soviet Union at the turn of the 1990s has allowed the re-emergence and re-assertion of components of ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity that had often been discounted as passé or irrelevant. This re-emergence bears witness to the remarkable resilience of the linguistic and cultural facets of human societies. The second of these changes is embodied in accelerated technical progress, particularly in ICT, including automatic translation, together with the possible practical uses of these technical advances. The effects on diversity of technical","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ng, P. C., & Boucher-Yip, E. F. (Eds.). (2017). Teacher agency and policy response in English language\u0000 teaching","authors":"J. MacDonald","doi":"10.1075/LPLP.00035.MAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LPLP.00035.MAC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44345,"journal":{"name":"Language Problems & Language Planning","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46300394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}