San Ti (Three Body, better known to English readers as The Three-Body Problem) stands out as the most successful Chinese literary work introduced to international audiences through translation. Previous studies have primarily focused on translating culture-specific terms and fictive terms in the work, arguing that the strategy of foreignization alongside occasional footnotes significantly contributes to its tremendous success. Techno-scientific terms, on the other hand, have received relatively little attention because their rendering seemed to be a straightforward matter of back translation. However, our case study reveals that the source-text-oriented translation strategy for culture-specific terms and fictive terms presents only a partial picture of the science fiction (SF) terminology translation in San Ti. It demonstrates that translating techno-scientific terms needs to be considered alongside culture-specific and fictive terms. Moreover, it provides proof that translating techno-scientific terms cannot be simplified to a process of back translation only. The translator sometimes deviated from the principles of equivalence, resulting in three different types of interlingual terminological shifts, which are discussed and analyzed in the current study. Given the heterogeneity of the target readers and the interesting paradox of San Ti as hard SF, these different types of deviation serve two divergent purposes: popularization and scientization. In addition to explaining the success of San Ti in the English-speaking world, the findings of this case study also provide insights into the unfaithful facets, contextual factors and research scope of terminology translation in this specific genre.
三体》（San Ti，英文读者更熟悉的名字是《三体问题》）是通过翻译向国际读者介绍的最成功的中国文学作品。以往的研究主要集中于翻译作品中的特定文化术语和虚构术语，认为外化策略和偶尔的脚注是该作品取得巨大成功的重要原因。另一方面，技术科学术语受到的关注相对较少，因为它们的翻译似乎只是一个简单的回译问题。然而，我们的案例研究表明，针对特定文化术语和虚构术语的源文本导向翻译策略只反映了 San Ti 科幻小说（SF）术语翻译的部分情况。它表明，在翻译技术科学术语的同时，还需要考虑特定文化术语和虚构术语。此外，它还证明了科技术语的翻译不能简化为仅仅是回译的过程。译者有时会偏离对等原则，导致三种不同类型的语际术语转换，本研究将对其进行讨论和分析。鉴于目标读者的异质性和《三体》作为硬核 SF 的有趣悖论，这些不同类型的偏离服务于两个不同的目的：普及和科普。除了解释《圣悌》在英语世界的成功之外，本案例研究的结果还为这一特定体裁术语翻译的不忠实面、语境因素和研究范围提供了启示。
{"title":"Popularization and scientization in terminology translation","authors":"Huaguo Lu, Xia Hao, Ya Zhang","doi":"10.1075/term.23015.lu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.23015.lu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 San Ti (Three Body, better known to English readers as The Three-Body Problem)\u0000 stands out as the most successful Chinese literary work introduced to international audiences through translation. Previous\u0000 studies have primarily focused on translating culture-specific terms and fictive terms in the work, arguing that the strategy of\u0000 foreignization alongside occasional footnotes significantly contributes to its tremendous success. Techno-scientific terms, on the\u0000 other hand, have received relatively little attention because their rendering seemed to be a straightforward matter of back\u0000 translation. However, our case study reveals that the source-text-oriented translation strategy for culture-specific terms and\u0000 fictive terms presents only a partial picture of the science fiction (SF) terminology translation in San Ti. It\u0000 demonstrates that translating techno-scientific terms needs to be considered alongside culture-specific and fictive terms.\u0000 Moreover, it provides proof that translating techno-scientific terms cannot be simplified to a process of back translation only.\u0000 The translator sometimes deviated from the principles of equivalence, resulting in three different types of interlingual\u0000 terminological shifts, which are discussed and analyzed in the current study. Given the heterogeneity of the target readers and\u0000 the interesting paradox of San Ti as hard SF, these different types of deviation serve two divergent purposes:\u0000 popularization and scientization. In addition to explaining the success of San Ti in the English-speaking world,\u0000 the findings of this case study also provide insights into the unfaithful facets, contextual factors and research scope of\u0000 terminology translation in this specific genre.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The terminological impact of pandemics","authors":"Maria-Cornelia Wermuth, Paul Sambre","doi":"10.1075/term.00068.sam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00068.sam","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study identified terminology used in academia and media relating to Covid-19 and traced its development across 20 months from a discourse dynamics perspective. The cross-corpus comparison identified significant differences between the two corpora in the use of terminology relating to Covid-19, thereby signaling the particularities of the two communities towards the same social event. The dynamic analysis reveals a non-linear trajectory in the use of terminology in both corpora and an evolving developmental pattern in the construction of the specialized text. The analysis shows that the use of terminology evolves with social change, which can contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of terminology development. Methodologically, this study further demonstrates the viability of discourse dynamic approaches in analyzing the linguistic features of a social event.
{"title":"A discourse dynamics exploration of terminology for Covid-19 in professional and public discourse","authors":"Jihua Dong, Shuai Dong, Louisa Buckingham","doi":"10.1075/term.00070.don","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00070.don","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study identified terminology used in academia and media relating to Covid-19 and traced its development across 20 months from a discourse dynamics perspective. The cross-corpus comparison identified significant differences between the two corpora in the use of terminology relating to Covid-19, thereby signaling the particularities of the two communities towards the same social event. The dynamic analysis reveals a non-linear trajectory in the use of terminology in both corpora and an evolving developmental pattern in the construction of the specialized text. The analysis shows that the use of terminology evolves with social change, which can contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of terminology development. Methodologically, this study further demonstrates the viability of discourse dynamic approaches in analyzing the linguistic features of a social event.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Terminological conceptual analysis can be applied to purposes beyond terminology work. This article presents a Frame-based Terminology approach adapted to analyse concepts and inform the content of entries in the Humanitarian Encyclopedia. It proposes a method for conceptual analysis by systematising the extraction of knowledge rich contexts (KRCs) around corpus querying tasks through semantic sketch grammars (SSGs) and macros with knowledge patterns (KPs). KRCs are curated manually, modelled into conceptual propositions, and combined with corpus metadata into unified datasets. The method was tested on epidemic and coronavirus and their results are presented. This study provides a preliminary model to operationalise the study of conceptual variation. It also identifies the areas of terminological conceptual analysis with the potential to be informed by other research methods towards creating a standalone methodology.
{"title":"Corpus-driven conceptual analysis of epidemic and coronavirus for the Humanitarian Encyclopedia","authors":"Santiago Chambó, Pilar León Araúz","doi":"10.1075/term.00069.cha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00069.cha","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terminological conceptual analysis can be applied to purposes beyond terminology work. This article presents a Frame-based Terminology approach adapted to analyse concepts and inform the content of entries in the Humanitarian Encyclopedia. It proposes a method for conceptual analysis by systematising the extraction of knowledge rich contexts (KRCs) around corpus querying tasks through semantic sketch grammars (SSGs) and macros with knowledge patterns (KPs). KRCs are curated manually, modelled into conceptual propositions, and combined with corpus metadata into unified datasets. The method was tested on epidemic and coronavirus and their results are presented. This study provides a preliminary model to operationalise the study of conceptual variation. It also identifies the areas of terminological conceptual analysis with the potential to be informed by other research methods towards creating a standalone methodology.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Viewing the conceptual dynamicity of terminology as a major challenge in translation practices, this article proposes a framework for studying conceptual deviation in terminology translation. A case study based on a multilingual parallel corpus of journalistic translation is carried out to examine the conceptual deviation in Chinese and Spanish translations of several COVID-19-related terms in health communication via international news media. The results suggest that conceptual deviation occurs to varying degrees in translation and the Chinese translation conceptually deviates more from the source text than the Spanish translation does. Based on the premise that conceptual deviation may occur because of the sociocultural constraints on journalistic translation as an activity of cross-linguistic and -cultural health communication, the causes and impact of conceptual deviation in terminology translation are also discussed.
{"title":"Conceptual deviation in terminology translation","authors":"Biwei Li","doi":"10.1075/term.00073.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00073.li","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Viewing the conceptual dynamicity of terminology as a major challenge in translation practices, this article proposes a framework for studying conceptual deviation in terminology translation. A case study based on a multilingual parallel corpus of journalistic translation is carried out to examine the conceptual deviation in Chinese and Spanish translations of several COVID-19-related terms in health communication via international news media. The results suggest that conceptual deviation occurs to varying degrees in translation and the Chinese translation conceptually deviates more from the source text than the Spanish translation does. Based on the premise that conceptual deviation may occur because of the sociocultural constraints on journalistic translation as an activity of cross-linguistic and -cultural health communication, the causes and impact of conceptual deviation in terminology translation are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since 2020, we have witnessed the emergence of new concepts and terms due to the pandemic outbreak. Some of them have even become obsolete in a short period of time whereas others are still misused despite standardization efforts. In this paper we study explicit denominative variation in the COVID-19 corpus, which consists of scientific articles released as part of the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset and is publicly available in Sketch Engine. First of all, variants for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 were extracted by means of knowledge patterns (e.g., also known as ). The productiveness of knowledge patterns was analyzed and a set of 1,684 explicit variation excerpts were collected and manually annotated. A total of 371 variants were retrieved and organized in two polydenominative clusters (i.e., 177 for COVID-19 and 193 for SARS-CoV-2), which were then formally and semantically characterized by comparison with the established designations. Finally, possible causes underlying denominative variation are explored.
{"title":"Denominative variation in the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset corpus","authors":"Valeria Benítez Carrasco, Pilar León-Araúz","doi":"10.1075/term.00071.ben","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00071.ben","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since 2020, we have witnessed the emergence of new concepts and terms due to the pandemic outbreak. Some of them have even become obsolete in a short period of time whereas others are still misused despite standardization efforts. In this paper we study explicit denominative variation in the COVID-19 corpus, which consists of scientific articles released as part of the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset and is publicly available in Sketch Engine. First of all, variants for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 were extracted by means of knowledge patterns (e.g., also known as ). The productiveness of knowledge patterns was analyzed and a set of 1,684 explicit variation excerpts were collected and manually annotated. A total of 371 variants were retrieved and organized in two polydenominative clusters (i.e., 177 for COVID-19 and 193 for SARS-CoV-2), which were then formally and semantically characterized by comparison with the established designations. Finally, possible causes underlying denominative variation are explored.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What happens when terms are used, translated and coined under the pressure of a global pandemic? By analyzing ad hoc corpora from the leaders of the World Health Organization (WHO), European Commission (EC), Spain and France, as well as Spanish and French press, this corpus-based study aims to identify the extent to which the WHO influenced and contributed to the standardization of COVID-19-related terminology in French and Spanish during the pandemic. Publicly available speeches from January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021 delivered by these four institutional leaders were compiled and analyzed using corpus linguistics techniques. Use frequencies in the media provide contrasting data on term use in selected French and Spanish newspapers. Results indicate that terminological variation was less pronounced for more established terminology and more widespread for terms coined during COVID-19. Furthermore, in some cases the analyzed supranational and national institutions and the press failed to adopt standardized WHO terminology. The study concludes that national institutions and the press did not rise to their potential as agents for the standardization and harmonization of WHO’s COVID-19-related terminology.
{"title":"Adherence to WHO’s terminology?","authors":"Albert Morales Moreno","doi":"10.1075/term.00072.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00072.mor","url":null,"abstract":"What happens when terms are used, translated and coined under the pressure of a global pandemic? By analyzing ad hoc corpora from the leaders of the World Health Organization (WHO), European Commission (EC), Spain and France, as well as Spanish and French press, this corpus-based study aims to identify the extent to which the WHO influenced and contributed to the standardization of COVID-19-related terminology in French and Spanish during the pandemic. Publicly available speeches from January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021 delivered by these four institutional leaders were compiled and analyzed using corpus linguistics techniques. Use frequencies in the media provide contrasting data on term use in selected French and Spanish newspapers. Results indicate that terminological variation was less pronounced for more established terminology and more widespread for terms coined during COVID-19. Furthermore, in some cases the analyzed supranational and national institutions and the press failed to adopt standardized WHO terminology. The study concludes that national institutions and the press did not rise to their potential as agents for the standardization and harmonization of WHO’s COVID-19-related terminology.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Rothwell, Moorkens, Fernández-Parra, Drugan & Austermuehl (2023): Translation Tools and Technologies","authors":"Haoda Feng, Gang Zeng","doi":"10.1075/term.23018.fen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.23018.fen","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polysemy, even when it is considered within specialized domains, is a recurrent phenomenon and the topic is debated from time to time in terminology literature. Part of this literature still advocates ways to prevent polysemy. Another portion recognizes the prevalence of polysemy, especially in specialized corpora, but considers it from the perspective of other phenomena, such as ambiguity, indeterminacy, categorization or variation. Although the number of perspectives on meaning have increased over the years, the treatment of polysemy in terminological resources is still unsatisfactory. This article first shows that polysemy is an integral part of specialized communication and that there are different kinds of domain-specific polysemy. Then, it reviews selected perspectives that have been taken on polysemy in terminology literature. The treatment of 45 polysemous lexical items in four specialized resources is then analysed. Finally, different methods based on lexical semantics are proposed to account for polysemy in terminological resources.
{"title":"Managing polysemy in terminological resources*","authors":"Marie-Claude L’Homme","doi":"10.1075/term.22017.lho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.22017.lho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Polysemy, even when it is considered within specialized domains, is a recurrent phenomenon and the topic is debated from time to time in terminology literature. Part of this literature still advocates ways to prevent polysemy. Another portion recognizes the prevalence of polysemy, especially in specialized corpora, but considers it from the perspective of other phenomena, such as ambiguity, indeterminacy, categorization or variation. Although the number of perspectives on meaning have increased over the years, the treatment of polysemy in terminological resources is still unsatisfactory. This article first shows that polysemy is an integral part of specialized communication and that there are different kinds of domain-specific polysemy. Then, it reviews selected perspectives that have been taken on polysemy in terminology literature. The treatment of 45 polysemous lexical items in four specialized resources is then analysed. Finally, different methods based on lexical semantics are proposed to account for polysemy in terminological resources.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43319932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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