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From “three doors” to “one revolving door” 从“三扇门”到“一扇旋转门”
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2023-01-20 DOI: 10.1075/term.22013.liu
Yujing Liu, Xiangqing Wei
The Theory of Doors (Cabré 2003) has been well established in the academia of terminology worldwide. Many follow-up terminology studies draw on the analytical framework of this theory, namely the linguistic, cognitive, and communicative dimensions of a terminological unit. This theory provides a comprehensive approach to the observation of terminology, which helps with the better understanding and description of terminology in real use. With this paradigm, a terminological unit can be investigated from any of the three dimensions, or “three doors”. However, the interrelationships among the three dimensions have not been further elaborated, which may fail to account for the complexity of actual terminology use, in cross-lingual settings particularly. The authors of the present study aim for an extension of the theory to cope with the research on cross-lingual and cross-cultural terminology use by focusing on the concept of “domestic violence” in the English and Chinese languages and cultures. To extend the Theory of Doors, the interrelatedness of the three descriptive dimensions is demonstrated based on a new metaphorical image of “a revolving door”, and more precisely a “three-wing revolving door”.
门的理论(cabr 2003)已经在世界范围内的术语学界得到了很好的确立。许多后续的术语研究借鉴了这一理论的分析框架,即术语单位的语言、认知和交际维度。这一理论提供了一种全面的术语观察方法,有助于更好地理解和描述实际使用中的术语。有了这个范例,术语单位可以从三个维度或“三扇门”中的任何一个维度进行研究。然而,这三个方面之间的相互关系尚未得到进一步阐述,这可能无法解释实际术语使用的复杂性,特别是在跨语言环境中。本研究的作者旨在通过对“家庭暴力”概念在英汉语言和文化中的应用进行研究,从而扩展这一理论,以应对跨语言和跨文化术语使用的研究。为了扩展门的理论,本文以一个新的“旋转门”的隐喻形象,更准确地说是一个“三翼旋转门”,来展示三个描述维度的相互关系。
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引用次数: 0
Terminological problems of terminology users 术语使用者的术语问题
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-04 DOI: 10.1075/term.21046.zag
Mojca Žagar Karer, T. Fajfar
Terminological counselling is ad hoc terminology work that provides the terminology user with a relatively quick and credible answer to a terminological question. In this article, we present the Terminological Counselling Service offered by the Terminology Section of the ZRC SAZU Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language since 2013. Through a web form, users submit a question, which is answered by five terminologists in a joint opinion. For this article, all 75 questions received by the Terminological Counselling Service in 2020 were examined. They were analysed in terms of the subject fields in which the users have terminological problems, the institutions the users are affiliated with, and the content of the questions. We believe that the Terminological Counselling Service plays an important role, as the number of users is increasing year by year.
术语咨询是一项专门的术语工作,它为术语使用者提供一个相对快速和可靠的术语问题答案。在这篇文章中,我们介绍了ZRC SAZU弗兰·拉莫夫斯斯洛文尼亚语学院术语组自2013年以来提供的术语咨询服务。通过一个网络表格,用户提交一个问题,由五位术语专家共同回答。在本文中,我们检查了术语咨询服务在2020年收到的所有75个问题。他们根据用户有术语问题的学科领域、用户所属的机构和问题的内容进行了分析。我们相信术语咨询服务扮演着重要的角色,因为使用该服务的人数正在逐年增加。
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引用次数: 0
Terminological hybridity in institutional legal translation 制度法律翻译中的术语混杂现象
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1075/term.21047.pri
F. Prieto Ramos, Giorgina Cerutti
The analysis of domain-specific terminology is essential for characterizing specialized discourses, and emerges as a useful means of measuring the thematic hybridity of law and legal translation in particular. This paper accordingly presents a large-scale mapping of terminological and phraseological features in a multi-genre corpus that was built as part of the LETRINT project on institutional legal translation. The corpus-driven analysis focuses on the density of legal terminology and phraseology, on the one hand, and that of terminology of other specialized domains, on the other, in nine genres that are considered representative of three central legal functions (law-making, compliance monitoring and adjudication) in three international settings (the European Union, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization). The comparative examination of density scores provides empirical evidence of the common core features of the selected genres, and reveals variations based on institutional thematic focus, primary legal function and genre specificities. These insights nuance our understanding of international legal discourses and domain specialization in institutional translation.
对特定领域术语的分析对于描述专业语篇的特征是必不可少的,并且是衡量法律,特别是法律翻译的主题混杂性的有用手段。因此,本文提出了一个多体裁语料库中术语和短语特征的大规模映射,该语料库是作为制度法律翻译LETRINT项目的一部分而建立的。以语料库为导向的分析一方面集中在法律术语和用语的密度,另一方面集中在其他专门领域的术语密度,在三个国际环境(欧洲联盟、联合国和世界贸易组织)中被认为代表三种主要法律职能(立法、遵守情况监测和裁决)的九种类型。密度分数的比较研究为所选类型的共同核心特征提供了经验证据,并揭示了基于制度主题焦点、主要法律功能和类型特殊性的变化。这些见解使我们对国际法律话语和机构翻译领域专业化的理解有了细微差别。
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引用次数: 3
‘Arm’s length’ phraseology? "手臂长度"的措辞?
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1075/term.21028.roj
José Luis Rojas Díaz
In the last decades, the study of phraseology within general and specialized lexicographic resources has been of interest to scholars. However, phraseology has not been studied in language for specific purposes (LSP) as much as in language for general purposes (LGP). Therefore, this study (i) offers an overview of the definitions regarding LSP phraseology, (ii) provides a series of linguistic analyses of specialized phraseological units (SPUs) extracted from a specialized bilingual dictionary, and (iii) draws a comparative line between LGP and LSP phraseology. To do so, 11,086 entries were extracted to build the analysis database. This study provides 1,054 morphosyntactic and 4,369 semantic patterns, a definition and a taxonomy of SPUs based on the data analysis and revision of LGP phraseology notions, and a hybrid lexicographic indexation method for SPUs. The contributions of this paper answer the question ‘what is a SPU?’; while highlighting similarities and differences with LGP phraseology.
在过去的几十年里,在一般和专业词典资源中的短语学研究已经引起了学者们的兴趣。然而,短语学在特殊用途语言(LSP)中的研究并不像在通用用途语言(LGP)中的研究那么多。因此,本研究(i)概述了LSP用语的定义,(ii)对从专业双语词典中提取的专业用语单位(spu)进行了一系列语言学分析,(iii)在LGP和LSP用语之间画了一条比较线。为此,提取了11086个条目来构建分析数据库。本研究提供了1054种形态句法模式和4369种语义模式,基于数据分析和对LGP短语概念的修订,提出了spu的定义和分类,并提出了spu的混合词典索引方法。本文的贡献回答了“什么是SPU”这个问题;同时强调与LGP用语的异同。
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引用次数: 0
Automatic medical term extraction from Vietnamese clinical texts 从越南临床文本中自动提取医学术语
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-09 DOI: 10.1075/term.20037.vo
C. Vo, T. Cao, Ngoc Truong, T. Ngo, Dai Bui
In this paper, we propose the first method for automatic Vietnamese medical term discovery and extraction from clinical texts. The method combines linguistic filtering based on our defined open patterns with nested term extraction and statistical ranking using C-value. It does not require annotated corpora, external data resources, parameter settings, or term length restriction. Beside its specialty in handling Vietnamese medical terms, another novelty is that it uses Pointwise Mutual Information to split nested terms and the disjunctive acceptance condition to extract them. Evaluated on real Vietnamese electronic medical records, it achieves a precision of about 74% and recall of about 92% and is proved stably effective with small datasets. It outperforms the previous works in the same category of not using annotated corpora and external data resources. Our method and empirical evaluation analysis can lay a foundation for further research and development in Vietnamese medical term discovery and extraction.
在本文中,我们提出了第一种从临床文本中自动发现和提取越南语医学术语的方法。该方法将基于我们定义的开放模式的语言过滤与嵌套术语提取和使用C值的统计排名相结合。它不需要注释语料库、外部数据资源、参数设置或术语长度限制。除了它在处理越南医学术语方面的特殊性外,另一个新颖之处是它使用Pointwise Mutual Information来拆分嵌套术语,并使用析取接受条件来提取它们。在真实的越南电子病历上进行评估,其准确率约为74%,召回率约为92%,并在小数据集上被证明是稳定有效的。在不使用注释语料库和外部数据资源的情况下,它优于以往同类作品。我们的方法和实证评价分析可以为越南医学术语发现和提取的进一步研究和发展奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Interlingual terminological asymmetry as one of the aspects of studying foreign languages 语际术语不对称是外语学习的一个方面
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1075/term.00065.kar
Tetyana Karlova
The purpose of the study is to explore interlingual terminological asymmetry from the cognitive-onomasiological standpoints. False synonymy of adjectives in anatomical terminology of Latin, Ukrainian, Russian, and English have been analyzed and interpreted as factors causing interlingual terminological asymmetry.In Latin anatomical terminology, there is a significant number of nominative units with similar meanings. They often have one equivalent in other (modern) languages or can be simply confused as a result of misunderstanding. It creates difficulties in the process of interlingual terminological communication. Despite the substrate nature of the Latin anatomical terminology, national terminological systems undergo different types of correlations in their functioning. The author assumes such correlations are related to the concepts of “terminological asymmetry” (lack of interlingual interchangeability of terms) and “quasi-synonymous effect” (the loss of cognitive-differential function of the term).Attention is also paid to the preparation of a theoretical basis for creating a special thesaurus to help speakers of Ukrainian study medical terminology in Latin and English.
本研究的目的是从认知经济学的角度探讨语际术语的不对称性。拉丁语、乌克兰语、俄语和英语解剖学术语中形容词的假同义现象被分析和解释为造成语际术语不对称的因素。在拉丁解剖学术语中,有相当数量的主格单位具有相似的含义。它们通常在其他(现代)语言中有一个等价物,或者由于误解而被简单地混淆。它给语际术语交流过程带来了困难。尽管拉丁解剖学术语具有基础性质,但国家术语系统在其功能中经历了不同类型的相关性。作者认为这种相关性与“术语不对称”(术语缺乏语际互换性)和“准同义词效应”(术语认知差异功能的丧失)的概念有关拉丁语和英语。
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引用次数: 0
Repérage automatisé de l’hyponymie dans des corpus spécialisés en français à l’aide de Sketch Engine 使用Sketch引擎在专门的法语语料库中自动识别hyponymia
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.1075/term.20044.san
Antonio San Martín, Catherine Trekker, Pilar León-Araúz
Hyponymy is an essential semantic relation in terminology, as it represents the hierarchical organization of concepts. Much has been written about hyponymy extraction. However, terminologists working with French do not currently have user-friendly and freely available tools to automatically extract hyper-hyponymic pairs from their own corpora. This paper presents the most recent version of the ESSG (EcoLexicon Semantic Sketch Grammar) methodology, a knowledge-pattern-based approach that enables Sketch Engine to extract semantic relations. This methodology is applied to the development and evaluation of the ESSG-fr, a semantic sketch grammar for hyponymy extraction in French. The evaluation results show that the ESSG-fr is a reliable domain-independent tool for terminologists wishing to extract simple hyper-hyponymic pairs and the corresponding concordances from specialized corpora.
同义词是术语中一种重要的语义关系,因为它代表了概念的层次组织。关于上义词提取,已经有很多文章了。然而,从事法语工作的术语学家目前还没有用户友好且免费的工具来从自己的语料库中自动提取超同义词对。本文介绍了ESSG(EcoLexicon Semantic Sketch Grammar)方法的最新版本,这是一种基于知识模式的方法,使Sketch Engine能够提取语义关系。该方法被应用于ESSG-fr的开发和评估,ESSG-fr是一种用于法语中上义词提取的语义草图语法。评估结果表明,ESSG-fr是一个可靠的领域独立工具,适用于希望从专业语料库中提取简单的超同义词对和相应的一致性的术语学家。
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引用次数: 1
Corpus-based bilingual terminology extraction in the power engineering domain 基于语料库的电力工程领域双语术语提取
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1075/term.20038.iva
Tanja Ivanović, R. Stanković, B. Todorovic, Cvetana Krstev
This paper presents the resources and tools used to extract and evaluate bilingual, English-Serbian terminology in the power engineering domain. The resources consist of existing general and domain lexica, and a domain parallel corpus; tools include term extractors for both languages and a tool for aligning the segments belonging to corpus sentences. The system was tested by varying a match function that establishes the presence of an extracted term in an aligned segment (a chunk), ranging from very loose to strict. The evaluation of results showed that the precision of English term extraction was 92%, Serbian term extraction 86%, while the precision of bilingual pair extraction was 72% based on the strictest match function. The result of extraction was 2,684 correct bilingual pairs that enhanced the terminology database and can further be used to support the search of the power engineering aligned collection stored in a digital library.
本文介绍了用于提取和评估电力工程领域中英塞双语术语的资源和工具。资源包括现有的一般词汇和领域词汇,以及一个领域平行语料库;工具包括用于两种语言的术语提取器和用于对齐属于语料库句子的片段的工具。通过改变匹配函数来测试该系统,该匹配函数确定在对齐的段(块)中提取的术语的存在,从非常松散到严格。结果评估表明,基于最严格匹配函数,英语词条提取的准确率为92%,塞尔维亚语词条提取的精度为86%,而双语配对提取的准确度为72%。提取的结果是2684对正确的双语对,这增强了术语数据库,并可进一步用于支持搜索存储在数字图书馆中的与电力工程相关的集合。
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引用次数: 3
La représentation de la polysémie et des termes complexes de type locution faible dans une base de données terminologique 在术语数据库中表示多义和复杂弱词术语
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1075/term.21004.fra
Paolo Frassi
We propose to identify, for the French language, the senses and subsenses of travail in the field of international commerce. We also intend to present the main weak idioms containing this form, from a corpus that has been constituted ex novo in the framework of the DIACOM-fr project (Department of Foreign Languages, University of Verona), part of the Excellence Project “Le Digital Humanities applicate alle lingue e letterature straniere” (“Digital Humanities applied to foreign modern languages and literatures”). The senses and subsenses as well as the weak idioms, classified on the basis of a number of semantic labels, will be represented in a draft of terminological network.
我们建议为法语确定国际商业领域中痛苦的含义和次含义。我们还打算展示包含这种形式的主要弱习语,这些习语来自DIACOM-fr项目(维罗纳大学外语系)框架下的一个语料库,该项目是“数字人文学科应用于外国现代语言和文学”卓越项目的一部分。在术语网络草案中,将根据若干语义标签对词义、次词义和弱习语进行分类。
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引用次数: 0
Framing karstology 框架岩溶学
IF 0.8 4区 文学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1075/term.21005.vin
Špela Vintar, Matej Martinc
We describe the creation of a knowledge base in the field of karstology using the frame-based approach. Apart from providing a new multilingual resource using manually annotated definitions as the source of structured information, the main focus is on exploring text mining methods to identify targeted knowledge structures in specialised corpora. The first stage of this process is the design of a domain model and its implementation in a definition annotation task. Once annotation is completed, an analysis of typical co-occurrence patterns between semantic categories and the relations describing them allows us to discern ideal definition templates. We demonstrate that such templates contribute to a more comprehensive and structured representations of concepts, but also help us design targeted text mining experiments to retrieve new semantic relations from text. Two such experiments are presented, the first using intersections of word embeddings to identify words expressing a specific semantic relation, and the second using the embedding of the semantic relation to extract multiword units which contain the target relation. Results suggest that the proposed methods are promising for capturing the semantic properties of relations in frame-based knowledge modelling.
我们使用基于框架的方法描述了喀斯特学领域知识库的创建。除了提供一个新的多语言资源,使用手动注释的定义作为结构化信息的来源外,主要的重点是探索文本挖掘方法,以识别专业语料库中的目标知识结构。该过程的第一阶段是领域模型的设计及其在定义注释任务中的实现。完成注释后,对语义类别和描述它们的关系之间的典型共现模式的分析使我们能够辨别理想的定义模板。我们证明了这样的模板有助于更全面和结构化的概念表示,但也帮助我们设计有针对性的文本挖掘实验,以从文本中检索新的语义关系。提出了两个这样的实验,第一个是使用词嵌入的交集来识别表达特定语义关系的词,第二个是使用语义关系的嵌入来提取包含目标关系的多词单元。结果表明,所提出的方法有望在基于框架的知识建模中捕获关系的语义属性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Terminology
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