Abstract With the cognitive shift since the 1990s, metaphorical terms have become a recurrent theme in terminological studies. However, how they actually function in science communication has not been fully explored. The issue becomes more pressing today since the exponential expansion of knowledge has heightened our awareness of the need for new designations. And the metaphorical approach is often an economic choice. To gain more insights into the mechanism of metaphorical terms, the authors of the present study will reexamine their functional peculiarities by looking at their linguistic, cognitive and communicative facets respectively. The multidimensional functions of metaphorical terms as exemplified by those in economics are described in detail. More importantly, their dynamic functional potentialities as well as the interplay among them are further discussed.
{"title":"Multidimensionality, dynamicity, and complexity","authors":"N. Jiang, Xiangqing Wei","doi":"10.1075/term.00052.jia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00052.jia","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the cognitive shift since the 1990s, metaphorical terms have become a recurrent theme in terminological studies. However, how they actually function in science communication has not been fully explored. The issue becomes more pressing today since the exponential expansion of knowledge has heightened our awareness of the need for new designations. And the metaphorical approach is often an economic choice. To gain more insights into the mechanism of metaphorical terms, the authors of the present study will reexamine their functional peculiarities by looking at their linguistic, cognitive and communicative facets respectively. The multidimensional functions of metaphorical terms as exemplified by those in economics are described in detail. More importantly, their dynamic functional potentialities as well as the interplay among them are further discussed.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46723172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study aims to deal with the relationship between terminological variation and ideology by examining the system of terminology and the defined individual terms in data protection legislation. With two self-compiled corpora incorporating data protection laws in the United States and the European Union respectively, we adopt a corpus-assisted approach as an effective toolkit to generate a general profile of the system of legal terminology on the one hand and identify the defined legal terms in the two corpora on the other. This study, based on Van Dijk’s (1998) multidisciplinary approach to ideology, seeks to unravel the underlying ideological configurations behind the variation of legal terminology. The findings show that one plausible – though certainly not definitive – interpretation of the variation in legal terminology in the data protection domain lies in the distinct ideological stances imposed by such discourse communities as lawmakers, judges as well as the president and the party in power. The ideological investigation of terminology is a significant aspect of the study of variation phenomena. It is argued that the ideologically variable slants and historical experiences, as the contextual constraints on the ideological beliefs, may contribute to accounting for the spatial and temporal variation of legal terminology.
{"title":"Mapping terminological variation and ideology in data protection laws","authors":"Jiamin Pei, Le Cheng","doi":"10.1075/term.00049.pei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00049.pei","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to deal with the relationship between terminological variation and ideology by examining the system of terminology and the defined individual terms in data protection legislation. With two self-compiled corpora incorporating data protection laws in the United States and the European Union respectively, we adopt a corpus-assisted approach as an effective toolkit to generate a general profile of the system of legal terminology on the one hand and identify the defined legal terms in the two corpora on the other. This study, based on Van Dijk’s (1998) multidisciplinary approach to ideology, seeks to unravel the underlying ideological configurations behind the variation of legal terminology. The findings show that one plausible – though certainly not definitive – interpretation of the variation in legal terminology in the data protection domain lies in the distinct ideological stances imposed by such discourse communities as lawmakers, judges as well as the president and the party in power. The ideological investigation of terminology is a significant aspect of the study of variation phenomena. It is argued that the ideologically variable slants and historical experiences, as the contextual constraints on the ideological beliefs, may contribute to accounting for the spatial and temporal variation of legal terminology.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46901345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Medical reports provide a record of a patient’s diagnostic or therapeutic process while receiving healthcare. It is, therefore, critical that patients have a good understanding of their medical reports, particularly as various studies show that misunderstanding or failing to understand them can have severe consequences for their health. Today’s medical reports are essentially expository documents in which nominalizations proliferate and where verbs are scarce. This favours the presence of specific medical terminology, which is the main obstacle to comprehension. Based on an analysis of a corpus of medical reports, in this article we, first, identify and study the lexical indicators (including terms of Greek or Latin origin, abbreviations, eponyms, etc.) that hinder understanding of a medical report and, then, correlate these indicators with such textual parameters as cognitive load, semantic opacity, semantic confusion and semantic ambiguity.
{"title":"Terminology in medical reports","authors":"Rosa Estopà, M. Montané","doi":"10.1075/term.00051.est","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00051.est","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Medical reports provide a record of a patient’s diagnostic or therapeutic process while receiving healthcare. It is, therefore, critical that patients have a good understanding of their medical reports, particularly as various studies show that misunderstanding or failing to understand them can have severe consequences for their health. Today’s medical reports are essentially expository documents in which nominalizations proliferate and where verbs are scarce. This favours the presence of specific medical terminology, which is the main obstacle to comprehension. Based on an analysis of a corpus of medical reports, in this article we, first, identify and study the lexical indicators (including terms of Greek or Latin origin, abbreviations, eponyms, etc.) that hinder understanding of a medical report and, then, correlate these indicators with such textual parameters as cognitive load, semantic opacity, semantic confusion and semantic ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49046492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse how European Union (EU) supranational terms related to consumer protection transfer into domestic legal systems of three English-language jurisdictions (the UK, Ireland and Malta) during the transposition of EU directives. Transposition is a process of incorporating EU directives into national law and capturing supranational terms during their entry into national legal systems. We adopt a mixed-method approach of corpus linguistics and legal analysis of terms, working with a corpus of five directives and their UK, Irish and Maltese transposing acts. Distinguishing between a term and a concept level, we propose a categorisation of transfer techniques arranged along a cline from foreignization to domestication. They involve imports, modifications (non-denominative and denominative variants), localisations and zero transfer both at the term level and the concept level.
{"title":"How do supranational terms transfer into national legal systems?","authors":"Łucja Biel, Agnieszka Doczekalska","doi":"10.1075/term.00050.bie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00050.bie","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyse how European Union (EU) supranational terms related to consumer protection transfer into domestic legal systems of three English-language jurisdictions (the UK, Ireland and Malta) during the transposition of EU directives. Transposition is a process of incorporating EU directives into national law and capturing supranational terms during their entry into national legal systems. We adopt a mixed-method approach of corpus linguistics and legal analysis of terms, working with a corpus of five directives and their UK, Irish and Maltese transposing acts. Distinguishing between a term and a concept level, we propose a categorisation of transfer techniques arranged along a cline from foreignization to domestication. They involve imports, modifications (non-denominative and denominative variants), localisations and zero transfer both at the term level and the concept level.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44428858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Terminology standardization reflects two different aspects involving the meaning of terms and the structure of terminological resources. In this paper, we focus on the structural aspect of standardization and we present the work of re-modeling TriMED, a multilingual terminological database conceived to support multi-register medical communication. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation.
{"title":"Methodology for the standardization of terminological resources","authors":"Federica Vezzani, Giorgio Maria Di Nunzio","doi":"10.1075/term.00053.vez","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00053.vez","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Terminology standardization reflects two different aspects involving the meaning of terms and the structure of terminological resources. In this paper, we focus on the structural aspect of standardization and we present the work of re-modeling TriMED, a multilingual terminological database conceived to support multi-register medical communication. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43686613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Key Concepts in Chinese Culture (Chinese-English) RMB￥56978-7-5213-1103-7
这篇文章评论了中国文化中的关键概念（中英文）￥56978-7-5213-1103-7
{"title":"Review of (2019): Key Concepts in Chinese Culture (Chinese-English)","authors":"Jiya Li","doi":"10.1075/TERM.20010.LI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.20010.LI","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Key Concepts in Chinese Culture (Chinese-English) RMB￥56978-7-5213-1103-7","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper deals with the use of English initialisms and abbreviations in the professional field of pharmaceutical business communication in Spanish. This specialized area has not yet been previously examined, and the use of initialisms and abbreviations is becoming more and more extended. The corpus consisted in an up-to-date list of thirty-seven shortened forms, which was extracted from a digital magazine addressed to pharmacists. In order to document the use of the initialisms, acronyms and abbreviations examined in Spanish, a combined analysis was carried out: firstly, the above mentioned list of initialisms and acronyms from the online magazine www.correofarmaceutico.com provided evidence about their use in written language; and secondly, the twenty-one pharmacists who answered our questionnaire provided data about practitioners’ familiarity with and the actual usage of these lexical items.
{"title":"The use of English initialisms and abbreviations in the field of pharmaceutical business communication in\u0000 Spanish","authors":"Carmen Luján-García","doi":"10.1075/term.00042.luj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00042.luj","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present paper deals with the use of English initialisms and abbreviations in the professional field of\u0000 pharmaceutical business communication in Spanish. This specialized area has not yet been previously examined, and the use of\u0000 initialisms and abbreviations is becoming more and more extended. The corpus consisted in an up-to-date list of thirty-seven\u0000 shortened forms, which was extracted from a digital magazine addressed to pharmacists. In order to document the use of the\u0000 initialisms, acronyms and abbreviations examined in Spanish, a combined analysis was carried out: firstly, the above mentioned\u0000 list of initialisms and acronyms from the online magazine www.correofarmaceutico.com provided evidence about their use in written language; and secondly, the\u0000 twenty-one pharmacists who answered our questionnaire provided data about practitioners’ familiarity with and the actual usage of\u0000 these lexical items.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48534012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an analysis of English motion verbs in the specialized field of adventure tourism and proposes a terminological description of these verbs from a lexico-semantic approach. Motion verbs play a significant role in adventure tourism as they express central actions that are carried out in this domain and connect participants, such as tourists, places and typical instruments to these actions. The analysis aims to reveal how the linguistic properties of these verbs and their interactions with participants contribute to the expression of knowledge. After stating our assumptions and reviewing previous work, the article describes a corpus-based methodology to identify relevant verbs and the different steps taken to implement their description in the DicoAdventure database. The methodology comprises three main steps and is illustrated by applying it to a set of motion verbs extracted from the Advencor corpus.
{"title":"Diving into English motion verbs from a lexico-semantic approach","authors":"Isabel Durán-Muñoz, Marie-Claude L’Homme","doi":"10.1075/term.00041.dur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00041.dur","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents an analysis of English motion verbs in the specialized field of adventure tourism and proposes\u0000 a terminological description of these verbs from a lexico-semantic approach. Motion verbs play a significant role in adventure\u0000 tourism as they express central actions that are carried out in this domain and connect participants, such as tourists, places and\u0000 typical instruments to these actions. The analysis aims to reveal how the linguistic properties of these verbs and their\u0000 interactions with participants contribute to the expression of knowledge. After stating our assumptions and reviewing previous\u0000 work, the article describes a corpus-based methodology to identify relevant verbs and the different steps taken to implement their\u0000 description in the DicoAdventure database. The methodology comprises three main steps and is illustrated by\u0000 applying it to a set of motion verbs extracted from the Advencor corpus.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Being a privileged witness of twenty years of research in terminology","authors":"Marie-Claude L’Homme","doi":"10.1075/term.00039.edi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00039.edi","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46340843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dunia Hourani-Martín, Encarnación Tabares-Plasencia
Abstract This paper analyses the morphosyntactic and semantic behaviour of a sample of verb-noun constructions (VNCs, Tabares Plasencia 2012) from the corpus CRIMO (Hourani Martin and Tabares Plasencia 2016), a specialised comparable corpus of different varieties of Spanish that comprises the legislation on criminal law and criminal procedure from the Hispanic states. Our analysis revealed that topolectal variation is common despite attempts by international organisations to harmonise the terminology used in this legal subdomain. It will also be demonstrated that transformations of VNCs are pragmatically motivated and conditioned by the context. Examining these transformations reveals conventions of specialised discourse and textual genre which is why their representation in terminographical tools should be considered as they are an important means for a translator to achieve the adequacy and naturalness required for legal translation.
摘要本文分析了语料库CRIMO (Hourani Martin and Tabares Plasencia 2016)中一个动词-名词结构(VNCs, Tabares Plasencia 2012)的形态句法和语义行为，该语料库是一个专门的比较语料库，包含来自西班牙国家的不同种类的西班牙语刑法和刑事诉讼立法。我们的分析表明，尽管国际组织试图协调这一法律子领域中使用的术语，但遗传变异是常见的。本文还将证明，虚拟现实语言的转换是由语境驱动和制约的。检查这些转换揭示了专业话语和文本类型的惯例，这就是为什么它们在术语工具中的表现应该被考虑，因为它们是译者实现法律翻译所需的充分性和自然性的重要手段。
{"title":"Morphosyntactic and semantic behaviour of legal phraseological units","authors":"Dunia Hourani-Martín, Encarnación Tabares-Plasencia","doi":"10.1075/term.00044.hou","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00044.hou","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyses the morphosyntactic and semantic behaviour of a sample of verb-noun constructions (VNCs, Tabares Plasencia 2012) from the corpus CRIMO (Hourani Martin and Tabares Plasencia 2016), a specialised comparable corpus of different varieties of Spanish that comprises the legislation on criminal law and criminal procedure from the Hispanic states. Our analysis revealed that topolectal variation is common despite attempts by international organisations to harmonise the terminology used in this legal subdomain. It will also be demonstrated that transformations of VNCs are pragmatically motivated and conditioned by the context. Examining these transformations reveals conventions of specialised discourse and textual genre which is why their representation in terminographical tools should be considered as they are an important means for a translator to achieve the adequacy and naturalness required for legal translation.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42181415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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