This article reviews The Future of Translation Technology – Towards a world without Babel 978-1-138-84204-5
这篇文章回顾了翻译技术的未来——走向一个没有巴别塔的世界978-1-138-84204-5
{"title":"Chan Sin-wai. 2017. The Future of Translation Technology – Towards a world without\u0000 Babel","authors":"Haoda Feng","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00023.FEN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00023.FEN","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews The Future of Translation Technology – Towards a world without Babel 978-1-138-84204-5","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a corpus-based study of certain key nouns used in promotional texts describing cheese in English. A corpus of online cheese descriptions was compiled to extract lexical information regarding the characterization of cheese. All in all, 37 key nouns were identified and classified into 7 semantic categories: appearance, part, colour, aroma, texture, taste and quality ranking. All the occurrences of each key noun were analysed to obtain an exhaustive inventory of the phraseological patterns in which they occur. The results show both objective characteristics (size, shape and colour) and subjective features which tend to be described positively in this promotional subgenre (aroma, texture and taste). Additionally, this text type includes key nouns related to the quality ranking of the cheeses promoted. The main aim of this paper is to gain insight into one particular subgenre – promotional cheese descriptions – through the major lexical co-occurrences used to convey positive evaluation of cheeses.
{"title":"Selling cheese online","authors":"Noelia Ramón, Belén Labrador","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00019.RAM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00019.RAM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper is a corpus-based study of certain key nouns used in promotional texts describing cheese in English. A corpus of online\u0000 cheese descriptions was compiled to extract lexical information regarding the characterization of cheese. All in all, 37 key nouns\u0000 were identified and classified into 7 semantic categories: appearance, part, colour, aroma, texture, taste and quality ranking.\u0000 All the occurrences of each key noun were analysed to obtain an exhaustive inventory of the phraseological patterns in which they\u0000 occur. The results show both objective characteristics (size, shape and colour) and subjective features which tend to be described\u0000 positively in this promotional subgenre (aroma, texture and taste). Additionally, this text type includes key nouns related to the\u0000 quality ranking of the cheeses promoted. The main aim of this paper is to gain insight into one particular subgenre – promotional\u0000 cheese descriptions – through the major lexical co-occurrences used to convey positive evaluation of cheeses.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ławrynowicz, A. 2017. Semantic Data Mining, An Ontology-Based Approach,","authors":"Hui Liu, Fan Xu","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00022.LIU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00022.LIU","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Semantic Data Mining, An Ontology-Based Approach 978-1-61499-745-0978-1-61499-746-7","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44419506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite going through some ups and downs, grammar teaching has always been one of the central issues in the history of second language teaching. In order to teach grammar, teachers frequently get involved in metalanguage, which has grammatical terminology as one of its major components. Since the nature and use of grammatical terminology in language teaching has remained a considerably under-researched area to the day, the present study, originally a doctoral dissertation, was an attempt to find a difficulty index for a more or less comprehensive list of English grammatical terms, collected from various sources of English grammar. For this purpose, frequency of terms in a researcher-built corpus of EFL/ESL pedagogic grammar textbooks and English students’ familiarity with the terms were used as the two main criteria for calculating the difficulty index. A corpus of 14 grammatical textbooks was created, and then each of the 459 terms in the list was searched for in the textbooks to calculate their frequencies as well as ranks in the corpus. Student familiarity with the terms in the list was also measured through a productive test of grammatical terminology administered to 72 BA students of English at Shahid Beheshti University in Iran. Based on the results, the traditional dichotomy of scientific versus pedagogic terminology was questioned, arguing for an additional category, non-pedagogic term. Accordingly, 173 (37.7%) of the terms in the list never appeared in the corpus and thus were labelled non-pedagogic. Terms with a large corpus/test rank were reanalyzed to find out about the reasons for the gap. Furthermore, the distribution of terms across the corpus textbooks revealed that as the level of the books rises, the number of terms also increases, indicating the direct relationship between second language proficiency and metalingual knowledge. Most importantly, more than 10 major and minor trends in the use of grammatical terminology in pedagogy were explored and suggested. Finally, as the output of the study, 6 equivalent objective tests of pedagogic grammatical terminology were developed for the first time in the literature.
{"title":"Towards finding a difficulty index for English grammatical terminology","authors":"Mehrdad Yousefpoori-Naeim, S. Baleghizadeh","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00020.YOU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00020.YOU","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite going through some ups and downs, grammar teaching has always been one of the central issues in the history of second\u0000 language teaching. In order to teach grammar, teachers frequently get involved in metalanguage, which has grammatical terminology\u0000 as one of its major components. Since the nature and use of grammatical terminology in language teaching has remained a\u0000 considerably under-researched area to the day, the present study, originally a doctoral dissertation, was an attempt to find a\u0000 difficulty index for a more or less comprehensive list of English grammatical terms, collected from various sources of English\u0000 grammar. For this purpose, frequency of terms in a researcher-built corpus of EFL/ESL pedagogic grammar textbooks and English\u0000 students’ familiarity with the terms were used as the two main criteria for calculating the difficulty index. A corpus of 14\u0000 grammatical textbooks was created, and then each of the 459 terms in the list was searched for in the textbooks to calculate their\u0000 frequencies as well as ranks in the corpus. Student familiarity with the terms in the list was also measured through a productive\u0000 test of grammatical terminology administered to 72 BA students of English at Shahid Beheshti University in Iran. Based on the\u0000 results, the traditional dichotomy of scientific versus pedagogic terminology was questioned, arguing for an additional category,\u0000 non-pedagogic term. Accordingly, 173 (37.7%) of the terms in the list never appeared in the corpus and thus\u0000 were labelled non-pedagogic. Terms with a large corpus/test rank were reanalyzed to find out about the reasons for the gap.\u0000 Furthermore, the distribution of terms across the corpus textbooks revealed that as the level of the books rises, the number of\u0000 terms also increases, indicating the direct relationship between second language proficiency and metalingual knowledge. Most\u0000 importantly, more than 10 major and minor trends in the use of grammatical terminology in pedagogy were explored and suggested.\u0000 Finally, as the output of the study, 6 equivalent objective tests of pedagogic grammatical terminology were developed for the\u0000 first time in the literature.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we present a word embedding dataset NWJC2Vec constructed using ‘NINJAL Web Japanese Corpus (NWJC)’. NWJC is a Web-crawled text corpus that contains 25.8 billion tokens. We construct two types of the word embedding dataset: one is based on the surface form, and the other is based on the complete morpheme information provided by UniDic, which is a lexicon for the Japanese morphological analyser MeCab. We perform an evaluation of the dataset by comparing it with the ‘Word List by Semantic Principles (Bunrui Goihyo)’.
{"title":"NWJC2Vec","authors":"Masayuki Asahara","doi":"10.1075/term.00011.asa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00011.asa","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we present a word embedding dataset NWJC2Vec constructed using ‘NINJAL Web Japanese Corpus (NWJC)’. NWJC is a Web-crawled text corpus that contains 25.8 billion tokens. We construct two types of the word embedding dataset: one is based on the surface form, and the other is based on the complete morpheme information provided by UniDic, which is a lexicon for the Japanese morphological analyser MeCab. We perform an evaluation of the dataset by comparing it with the ‘Word List by Semantic Principles (Bunrui Goihyo)’.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/term.00011.asa","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59107724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Drouin, N. Grabar, Thierry Hamon, K. Kageura, Koichi Takeuchi
{"title":"Computational terminology and filtering of terminological information","authors":"P. Drouin, N. Grabar, Thierry Hamon, K. Kageura, Koichi Takeuchi","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00010.DRO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00010.DRO","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/TERM.00010.DRO","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narrative clinical records and biomedical articles constitute rich sources of information about phenotypes, i.e., markers distinguishing individuals with specific medical conditions from the general population. Phenotypes help clinicians to provide personalised treatments. However, locating information about them within huge document repositories is difficult, since each phenotypic concept can be mentioned in many ways. Normalisation methods automatically map divergent phrases to unique concepts in domain-specific terminologies, to allow location and linking of all mentions of a concept of interest. We have developed a hybrid normalisation method (HYPHEN) to handle concept mentions with wide ranging characteristics, across different text types. HYPHEN integrates various normalisation techniques that handle surface-level variations (e.g., differences in word order, word forms or acronyms/abbreviations) and lexical-level variations (where terms have similar meanings, but potentially unrelated forms). HYPHEN achieves robust performance for both biomedical academic text and narrative clinical records, and has the ability to significantly outperform related methods.
{"title":"HYPHEN","authors":"Paul Thompson, S. Ananiadou","doi":"10.1075/term.00015.tho","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00015.tho","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Narrative clinical records and biomedical articles constitute rich sources of information about phenotypes, i.e., markers distinguishing individuals with specific medical conditions from the general population. Phenotypes help clinicians to provide personalised treatments. However, locating information about them within huge document repositories is difficult, since each phenotypic concept can be mentioned in many ways. Normalisation methods automatically map divergent phrases to unique concepts in domain-specific terminologies, to allow location and linking of all mentions of a concept of interest. We have developed a hybrid normalisation method (HYPHEN) to handle concept mentions with wide ranging characteristics, across different text types. HYPHEN integrates various normalisation techniques that handle surface-level variations (e.g., differences in word order, word forms or acronyms/abbreviations) and lexical-level variations (where terms have similar meanings, but potentially unrelated forms). HYPHEN achieves robust performance for both biomedical academic text and narrative clinical records, and has the ability to significantly outperform related methods.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/term.00015.tho","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59107799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chiyu and Libo, 2013. Traditional Chinese Theories of Translation:Terminology","authors":"Guo Huarui","doi":"10.1075/TERM.00007.GUO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.00007.GUO","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":"23 1","pages":"281-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/TERM.00007.GUO","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study on food terminology and culture, Frame-based Terminology Theory (FBT) ( Faber 2012 , 2015 ) was combined with corpus analysis to explore the use of culture-specific terms in the food categories of bread and rice. For the sake of comparison, semplates ( Levinson and Burenhult 2009 ; Burenhult 2008 ) were formulated for food , bread , and rice , as a kind of cultural frame to highlight the relatedness of these categories, based on the actions that were most frequently linked to them in our corpus. For this purpose, an FBT semantic analysis of these terms in a general language corpus was combined with an analysis of their cultural contexts in the literary work of authors such as Sandra Cisneros, Najat El Hachmi, Chimamanda Adichie, and others. The situations portrayed in their novels reflect the cultural embeddedness of food and its communicative value.
在这项关于食品术语和文化的研究中，基于框架的术语理论（FBT）（Faber 20122015）与语料库分析相结合，探讨了特定文化术语在面包和大米食品类别中的使用。为了进行比较，语义板（Levinson和Burenhult，2009年；Burenhurt，2008年）是为食物、面包和大米制定的，作为一种文化框架，以突出这些类别的相关性，基于我们语料库中最常见的与它们相关的行为。为此，在一般语言语料库中对这些术语的FBT语义分析与Sandra Cisneros、Najat El Hachmi、Chimamanda Adichie等作家的文学作品中对其文化背景的分析相结合。他们小说中所描绘的情景反映了食物的文化嵌入性及其传播价值。
{"title":"Food terminology as a system of cultural communication","authors":"P. Faber, M. V. Claramonte","doi":"10.1075/TERM.23.1.07FAB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.23.1.07FAB","url":null,"abstract":"In this study on food terminology and culture, Frame-based Terminology Theory (FBT) ( Faber 2012 , 2015 ) was combined with corpus analysis to explore the use of culture-specific terms in the food categories of bread and rice. For the sake of comparison, semplates ( Levinson and Burenhult 2009 ; Burenhult 2008 ) were formulated for food , bread , and rice , as a kind of cultural frame to highlight the relatedness of these categories, based on the actions that were most frequently linked to them in our corpus. For this purpose, an FBT semantic analysis of these terms in a general language corpus was combined with an analysis of their cultural contexts in the literary work of authors such as Sandra Cisneros, Najat El Hachmi, Chimamanda Adichie, and others. The situations portrayed in their novels reflect the cultural embeddedness of food and its communicative value.","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":"23 1","pages":"155-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/TERM.23.1.07FAB","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48664000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motion verbs are often used to predicate entities such as roads, paths and the like as in “ The road snakes to the port of Shakespeare Bay before climbing over the last hill to Picton” or “La carretera serpentea unos 30 kilometros entre las montanas de la cordillera Nipe”. The verbs foreground the path configuration and dynamic rendering of things that cannot move – a phenomenon known as fictive motion ( Langacker 1987 ; Talmy 1996 ). However, motion verbs are also frequent components in specialized contexts such as wine discourse, where they communicate different sensory experience of wines as in “Exotic, exuding red berry aromas and flavors that sneak up on you rather than hit you over the head”, “Bright and focused, offering delicious flavors that glide smoothly through the silky finish”, or “En boca tiene una magnifica entrada, aunque en el paso sobresalen rasgos vegetales y se precipita hacia un final en el que predominan notas tostadas y amargas”. Using two corpora of tasting notes written in English and in Spanish, I examine the motion expressions used to communicate the sensory experiences of the wines and explore the motivations for their use in descriptions of wines’ aromas, flavours and mouthfeel. Three questions are at the heart of this study. They are (i) what types of scenarios are described through motion expressions, (ii) what sensory perceptions do they describe, and (iii) what may the differences between English and Spanish be?
运动动词通常用于断言道路、小路等实体，如“在爬上最后一座山到达皮克顿之前，道路蜿蜒到莎士比亚湾的港口”或“La carretera serpentea unos 30 kilometros entre las montanas de La cordirera Nipe”。动词预示着无法移动的事物的路径配置和动态呈现——这一现象被称为虚拟运动（Langacker 1987；Talmy 1996）。然而，动作动词也是葡萄酒话语等专业语境中的常见成分，它们传达了葡萄酒的不同感官体验，如“异国情调，散发着红色浆果的香气和味道，悄悄地飘到你身上，而不是打在你的头上”、“明亮而专注，提供美味的味道，在丝滑的回味中平稳地滑行”，或者“在一个巨大的中心，一个蔬菜和蔬菜的沉淀过程是最终的，而不是主要的托斯塔达斯和阿玛加斯”。使用两个用英语和西班牙语编写的品尝笔记语料库，我研究了用于传达葡萄酒感官体验的动作表达，并探索了它们在描述葡萄酒的香气、风味和口感时使用的动机。这项研究的核心有三个问题。它们是：（i）通过动作表达来描述什么类型的场景，（ii）它们描述了什么感官感知，以及（iii）英语和西班牙语之间可能有什么区别？
{"title":"From the glass through the nose and the mouth: Motion in the description of sensory data about wine in English and Spanish","authors":"R. Caballero","doi":"10.1075/TERM.23.1.03CAB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/TERM.23.1.03CAB","url":null,"abstract":"Motion verbs are often used to predicate entities such as roads, paths and the like as in “ The road snakes to the port of Shakespeare Bay before climbing over the last hill to Picton” or “La carretera serpentea unos 30 kilometros entre las montanas de la cordillera Nipe”. The verbs foreground the path configuration and dynamic rendering of things that cannot move – a phenomenon known as fictive motion ( Langacker 1987 ; Talmy 1996 ). However, motion verbs are also frequent components in specialized contexts such as wine discourse, where they communicate different sensory experience of wines as in “Exotic, exuding red berry aromas and flavors that sneak up on you rather than hit you over the head”, “Bright and focused, offering delicious flavors that glide smoothly through the silky finish”, or “En boca tiene una magnifica entrada, aunque en el paso sobresalen rasgos vegetales y se precipita hacia un final en el que predominan notas tostadas y amargas”. Using two corpora of tasting notes written in English and in Spanish, I examine the motion expressions used to communicate the sensory experiences of the wines and explore the motivations for their use in descriptions of wines’ aromas, flavours and mouthfeel. Three questions are at the heart of this study. They are (i) what types of scenarios are described through motion expressions, (ii) what sensory perceptions do they describe, and (iii) what may the differences between English and Spanish be?","PeriodicalId":44429,"journal":{"name":"Terminology","volume":"23 1","pages":"66-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2017-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/TERM.23.1.03CAB","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42993669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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