Abstract Despite Iran’s increasing use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and its growing position as a more open country to international relationships, Iran’s education policy is still culturally conservative and intercultural language education is absent from the national curriculum and hence classrooms. In response, this article presents the results of a ten-session course focused on implementing and developing cultural awareness (CA) in an Iranian English language classroom. The data revealed that this course had a positive effect in developing students’ levels of CA, moving from basic in the first half of the course towards advanced in the second half. This provides important empirical evidence illustrating the value of systematic instruction of CA in students’ cultural learning. Furthermore, this course was the first of its kind in the predominantly monolingual, culturally restricted context of this study, where intercultural education is missing from the curriculum, yet where students are likely to use ELF for intercultural communication while travelling abroad or inside the country for communication purposes with non-Iranians. This study, thus, demonstrates the feasibility and documents the processes of integrating intercultural teaching into English education, specifically in contexts where educators might be limited by language policy makers.
{"title":"Cultural awareness in an Iranian English language classroom: A teaching intervention in an interculturally “conservative” setting","authors":"Yasmina Abdzadeh, W. Baker","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2020-2030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite Iran’s increasing use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and its growing position as a more open country to international relationships, Iran’s education policy is still culturally conservative and intercultural language education is absent from the national curriculum and hence classrooms. In response, this article presents the results of a ten-session course focused on implementing and developing cultural awareness (CA) in an Iranian English language classroom. The data revealed that this course had a positive effect in developing students’ levels of CA, moving from basic in the first half of the course towards advanced in the second half. This provides important empirical evidence illustrating the value of systematic instruction of CA in students’ cultural learning. Furthermore, this course was the first of its kind in the predominantly monolingual, culturally restricted context of this study, where intercultural education is missing from the curriculum, yet where students are likely to use ELF for intercultural communication while travelling abroad or inside the country for communication purposes with non-Iranians. This study, thus, demonstrates the feasibility and documents the processes of integrating intercultural teaching into English education, specifically in contexts where educators might be limited by language policy makers.","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2020-2030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45935268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Increasing numbers of corporations are now operating across national borders as a result of globalization. The “language barrier” is the first and foremost challenge they encounter when starting a business in a foreign market, and many companies are trying to solve the problem by adopting a common corporate language. Using English as an official corporate language is the most common solution for those corporations. The present study explored the impacts of English as a corporate official language policy implemented at a company, a rapidly developed high profile IT Company with 20,000 employees, in Japan, a country often perceived to be relatively monolingual and monocultural. When I started studying the company, I first found that the company’s motive to use English as the official corporate language was different from other instances of corporate language policy making I had come across. In previous studies (e.g., Feely & Harzing 2003; Marschan-Piekkari, Welch, & Welch 1999), the companies implemented common corporate language to solve problems caused by language barriers between employees with diverse linguistic backgrounds. However, the company in this study implemented the corporate language policy to prepare for globalization and recruit talents globally. When the company introduced the English-only language policy, most of the employees of the company were Japanese. Therefore, at the time of implementing the language policy, there was no compelling reason for them to use English. The language policy did not work effectively except for a few departments with non-Japanese employees who spoke different first languages. English functioned as a lingua franca in those departments with multinational employees. The findings indicate that for NNESs (non-native English speakers) to communicate with each other in English, the environment has to be more multilingual, less dominated by a single first language. Although almost all Japanese citizens are required to take intensive English courses in compulsory schoolings, the average level of English proficiency is considered to be relatively low in the advanced economies. The present study indicates that it is not for linguistic competence but a lack of interaction with other ELF speakers. Therefore, for learners of ELF in an intensely monolingual society such as Japan to become competent communicators in ELF, providing multilingual learning environments would be more effective than the prevailing teaching practices of classroom learning in L1 Japanese speaker only environments.
{"title":"Impacts and implications of English as the corporate official language policy: A case in Japan","authors":"Ujiie 氏家 Ozawa 小澤 Saeko 佐江子","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2020-2035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing numbers of corporations are now operating across national borders as a result of globalization. The “language barrier” is the first and foremost challenge they encounter when starting a business in a foreign market, and many companies are trying to solve the problem by adopting a common corporate language. Using English as an official corporate language is the most common solution for those corporations. The present study explored the impacts of English as a corporate official language policy implemented at a company, a rapidly developed high profile IT Company with 20,000 employees, in Japan, a country often perceived to be relatively monolingual and monocultural. When I started studying the company, I first found that the company’s motive to use English as the official corporate language was different from other instances of corporate language policy making I had come across. In previous studies (e.g., Feely & Harzing 2003; Marschan-Piekkari, Welch, & Welch 1999), the companies implemented common corporate language to solve problems caused by language barriers between employees with diverse linguistic backgrounds. However, the company in this study implemented the corporate language policy to prepare for globalization and recruit talents globally. When the company introduced the English-only language policy, most of the employees of the company were Japanese. Therefore, at the time of implementing the language policy, there was no compelling reason for them to use English. The language policy did not work effectively except for a few departments with non-Japanese employees who spoke different first languages. English functioned as a lingua franca in those departments with multinational employees. The findings indicate that for NNESs (non-native English speakers) to communicate with each other in English, the environment has to be more multilingual, less dominated by a single first language. Although almost all Japanese citizens are required to take intensive English courses in compulsory schoolings, the average level of English proficiency is considered to be relatively low in the advanced economies. The present study indicates that it is not for linguistic competence but a lack of interaction with other ELF speakers. Therefore, for learners of ELF in an intensely monolingual society such as Japan to become competent communicators in ELF, providing multilingual learning environments would be more effective than the prevailing teaching practices of classroom learning in L1 Japanese speaker only environments.","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2020-2035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46226550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hickey, Raymond: English in the German-Speaking World","authors":"P. Riley","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2019-2027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2019-2027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42191905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Davydova, Julia: Quotation in Indigenised and Learner English: A Sociolinguistic Account of Variation","authors":"Ali Derakhshan, Boudjemaa Dendenne","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2019-2028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2019-2028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2019-2028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47506262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1515/jelf-2020-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2020-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2020-frontmatter1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A growing number of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) adopt English as their official corporate language. Research on English used as a business lingua franca (BELF) in such contexts shows how its use is negotiated, context dependent, and influenced by cultural and linguistic diversity. Multinational teams (MNTs) are legion within MNCs, and need to find efficient ways of communicating across their diversity, in particular in demanding and complex interactions such as meetings. This case study uses non-participant observation and interviews to study how one MNT has developed shared BELF communication practices for meetings. It examines the BELF communication practices in both the MNC context and at the team level. The analysis of the data shows that team members were highly aware of the challenges posed by cultural and linguistic diversity, and how they developed their local communication practices by processes of developing common ground, building trust, and good leadership. Sammendrag Et økende antall multinasjonale selskaper bruker engelsk som sitt offisielle konsernspråk. Forskning på bruk av engelsk som lingua franca i næringslivet (BELF), viser hvordan bruken er gjenstand for forhandling, er kontekstavhengig, og er påvirket av et kulturelt og språklig mangfold. Multinasjonale team er vanlige i multinasjonale selskaper, og disse trenger å finne kommunikasjonsmåter som tar hensyn til dette mangfoldet, særlig i forbindelse med krevende og kompleks samhandling som for eksempel i møter. Dette case-studiet bruker ikke-deltakende observasjon og intervjuer for å undersøke hvordan et multinasjonalt team har utarbeidet delt BELF-kommunikasjonspraksis både for konsernkonteksten og på team-nivå. Analysen av dataene viser hvordan deltakerne i teamet var veldig klare over de utfordringene som kulturelt og språklig mangfold fører med seg. Analysen viser også hvordan de utviklet sin lokale kommunikasjonspraksis gjennom prosesser som innebar utvikling av et felles referansegrunnlag, tillitsbygging og god ledelse.
越来越多的跨国公司(MNCs)将英语作为其官方公司语言。对在这种情况下作为商务通用语使用的英语的研究表明，它的使用是如何协商的，语境依赖的，以及受文化和语言多样性的影响。跨国团队(mnt)在跨国公司中大量存在，需要找到有效的方式在其多样性之间进行沟通，特别是在要求高且复杂的互动(如会议)中。本案例研究使用非参与性观察和访谈来研究一个MNT如何为会议开发共享的BELF沟通实践。它考察了跨国公司背景下和团队层面的BELF沟通实践。数据分析表明，团队成员高度意识到文化和语言多样性带来的挑战，以及他们如何通过发展共同点、建立信任和良好领导的过程来发展当地的沟通实践。Sammendrag Et økende等多家跨国公司的股票经纪公司engelsk等公司的股票经纪公司。forsking ppvbruk和engelsk是一种通用语，在æringslivet (BELF)中，viser hvordan bruken代表搬运，erkontekstavhengig代表搬运，erpermatvirket代表kulturellet代表管理，erkontekstavhengig代表管理。多采样组为多采样组，多采样组为多采样组，多采样组为多采样组，多采样组为多采样组，多采样组为多采样组，多采样组为多采样组。基于案例研究的bruker ikke-deltakende的观察是基于对 undersøke - hvordan的干预，而基于多样本研究的团队则是基于对bel -kommunika - jonsprakse的观察是基于对 unders - konteksten的研究。分析了该研究小组的数据，并对该研究小组的研究结果进行了分析。分析专家ogsvoldan de utviklet在当地的komonika komonika进行了分析，他说:“我认为这是一个很好的例子，我认为这是一个很好的例子。”
{"title":"Developing shared communication practices: A study of BELF in multinational team meetings","authors":"T. Nielsen","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2020-2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A growing number of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) adopt English as their official corporate language. Research on English used as a business lingua franca (BELF) in such contexts shows how its use is negotiated, context dependent, and influenced by cultural and linguistic diversity. Multinational teams (MNTs) are legion within MNCs, and need to find efficient ways of communicating across their diversity, in particular in demanding and complex interactions such as meetings. This case study uses non-participant observation and interviews to study how one MNT has developed shared BELF communication practices for meetings. It examines the BELF communication practices in both the MNC context and at the team level. The analysis of the data shows that team members were highly aware of the challenges posed by cultural and linguistic diversity, and how they developed their local communication practices by processes of developing common ground, building trust, and good leadership. Sammendrag Et økende antall multinasjonale selskaper bruker engelsk som sitt offisielle konsernspråk. Forskning på bruk av engelsk som lingua franca i næringslivet (BELF), viser hvordan bruken er gjenstand for forhandling, er kontekstavhengig, og er påvirket av et kulturelt og språklig mangfold. Multinasjonale team er vanlige i multinasjonale selskaper, og disse trenger å finne kommunikasjonsmåter som tar hensyn til dette mangfoldet, særlig i forbindelse med krevende og kompleks samhandling som for eksempel i møter. Dette case-studiet bruker ikke-deltakende observasjon og intervjuer for å undersøke hvordan et multinasjonalt team har utarbeidet delt BELF-kommunikasjonspraksis både for konsernkonteksten og på team-nivå. Analysen av dataene viser hvordan deltakerne i teamet var veldig klare over de utfordringene som kulturelt og språklig mangfold fører med seg. Analysen viser også hvordan de utviklet sin lokale kommunikasjonspraksis gjennom prosesser som innebar utvikling av et felles referansegrunnlag, tillitsbygging og god ledelse.","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2020-2029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates the South Korean perception of “native” speaker of English (NSE), namely won-eo-min and ne-i-ti-beu in Korean, with an examination of the use of such terms in the news and social media. To do this, the study examined news topics covered in the South Korean news media including newspapers and television news channels that mention or discuss these terms. Secondly, words used along with these two terms in social media forums such as Twitter or weblogs were examined. In order to realise this, two major data mining programs called the BIGKinds program (Korea Press Foundation, Big Kinds: News Big Data & Analysis, https://www.kinds.or.kr/; accessed 14 May 2018) and the Social Metrics program (Daumsoft, Social metricsTM, http://academy.some.co.kr/login.html; accessed 1 May 2018) were employed. This study shows that the concept of the “native” speaker in the forms of won-eo-min and ne-i-ti-beu is deeply manifested in the minds of South Koreans, especially when talking about the pronunciation of “native” speakers as the model of “correct” pronunciation of English. Such perceptions need to be critically revisited in an era where English is the most common medium of communication in the global community.
摘要本研究调查了韩国人对“英语母语者”(NSE)的看法，即韩语中的won-eo-min和ne-i-ti-beu，并考察了这些术语在新闻和社交媒体中的使用情况。为此，该研究调查了韩国新闻媒体(包括报纸和电视新闻频道)中提到或讨论这些术语的新闻主题。其次，研究人员检查了在社交媒体论坛(如Twitter或weblog)中与这两个术语一起使用的单词。为了实现这一点，两个主要的数据挖掘程序称为BIGKinds程序(韩国新闻财团，Big Kinds:新闻大数据与分析，https://www.kinds.or.kr/;访问日期:2018年5月14日)和社会指标计划(Daumsoft, Social Metrics stm, http://academy.some.co.kr/login.html;于2018年5月1日查阅)。本研究表明，以won-eo-min和ne-i-ti-beu为形式的“本族人”的概念在韩国人的脑海中得到了深刻的体现，尤其是在谈论以“本族人”的发音为“正确”英语发音的模式时。在英语成为全球社会最常用的交流媒介的时代，这种观念需要批判性地重新审视。
{"title":"South Korean perceptions of “native” speaker of English in social and news media via big data analytics","authors":"Hyejeong Ahn, Naya Choi, J. Kiaer","doi":"10.1515/jelf-2020-2031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates the South Korean perception of “native” speaker of English (NSE), namely won-eo-min and ne-i-ti-beu in Korean, with an examination of the use of such terms in the news and social media. To do this, the study examined news topics covered in the South Korean news media including newspapers and television news channels that mention or discuss these terms. Secondly, words used along with these two terms in social media forums such as Twitter or weblogs were examined. In order to realise this, two major data mining programs called the BIGKinds program (Korea Press Foundation, Big Kinds: News Big Data & Analysis, https://www.kinds.or.kr/; accessed 14 May 2018) and the Social Metrics program (Daumsoft, Social metricsTM, http://academy.some.co.kr/login.html; accessed 1 May 2018) were employed. This study shows that the concept of the “native” speaker in the forms of won-eo-min and ne-i-ti-beu is deeply manifested in the minds of South Koreans, especially when talking about the pronunciation of “native” speakers as the model of “correct” pronunciation of English. Such perceptions need to be critically revisited in an era where English is the most common medium of communication in the global community.","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jelf-2020-2031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781316217832.004
{"title":"Interactional Competence","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316217832.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316217832.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83971625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781316217832.011
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316217832.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316217832.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83564699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781316217832.010
{"title":"Dialogic Sequences and Odd Structures","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781316217832.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316217832.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44449,"journal":{"name":"Journal of English as a Lingua Franca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73598162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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