Pub Date : 2018-11-13DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000168
Mohamed A. Hussein
This paper presents a new design of a single-phase digital energy meter with self-calibration technique based on PIC16F84A microcontroller for monitoring the consumed energy of any load with high accuracy and stability. The design has the advantage of self-calibration and the meter can be fully managed from the PC. A graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to manage the functions of the proposed digital meter using the free application Visual Basic 6.0 (VB 6.0), Through PC standard serial port interfacing. The proposed digital meter can be used in the smart metering systems which are present in the first stage of the smart grid project. In addition, the cost of the proposed digital energy meter is about 20 $, which is lower as compared to the traditional electromechanical meters.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Low Cost Digital Energy Meter for Smart Grid Applications","authors":"Mohamed A. Hussein","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new design of a single-phase digital energy meter with self-calibration technique based on PIC16F84A microcontroller for monitoring the consumed energy of any load with high accuracy and stability. The design has the advantage of self-calibration and the meter can be fully managed from the PC. A graphical user interface (GUI) was designed to manage the functions of the proposed digital meter using the free application Visual Basic 6.0 (VB 6.0), Through PC standard serial port interfacing. The proposed digital meter can be used in the smart metering systems which are present in the first stage of the smart grid project. In addition, the cost of the proposed digital energy meter is about 20 $, which is lower as compared to the traditional electromechanical meters.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79533876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-12DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000170
B. Qu, X. Liang, C. Guo, Y. Shang, J. Feng
Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute (BVERI) has developed a series of Ka band space traveling wave tubes (TWTs) with saturation power of 12-100 W and efficiency of 55-63% for data transmission and communication for both conduction and radiation cooling. Recently Q-band space TWTs with conduction-cooled and space qualified are developed which are capable of delivering over 45W saturated RF power with overall efficiency exceeding 45%. This paper gives the main technical characteristics of Q-band space TWTs’ design, performances and qualification tests over 5.5 GHz bandwidth.
{"title":"Development of 45W Q-band Space Qualified TWTs","authors":"B. Qu, X. Liang, C. Guo, Y. Shang, J. Feng","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Beijing Vacuum Electronics Research Institute (BVERI) has developed a series of Ka band space traveling wave tubes (TWTs) with saturation power of 12-100 W and efficiency of 55-63% for data transmission and communication for both conduction and radiation cooling. Recently Q-band space TWTs with conduction-cooled and space qualified are developed which are capable of delivering over 45W saturated RF power with overall efficiency exceeding 45%. This paper gives the main technical characteristics of Q-band space TWTs’ design, performances and qualification tests over 5.5 GHz bandwidth.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84241744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000158
M. Mahfouz, Mohamed El Sayed Ah
The increasing share of renewable energy in electricity generation requires an effective operation and protection scheme using Smart Grid (SG) technologies. Smart meters of SG allow the transfer of the measured signals in the wind farm to the operation and protection centre of the SG. Such signals transmission can improve the farm performance and reduce system cost. The secure operation of wind farms requires an efficient over speed protection of the turbines under wind gust conditions. Therefore, this paper is concerned with integration of a new over speed protection algorithm with the existing protection centre in SG. The main objective of the proposed algorithm is the dynamic updating of Critical Clearing Time (CCT) for over speed protective relays against severe wind gusts to minimize loss of life and component damage. In this respect, long-term data of wind speed of Zafarana farm have been collected and processed to define gust intensity and its distribution Moreover, the geographical farm area is classified to different rows according to the recorded gust values. A smart relay setting will be formulated by developing heuristic algorithm, which relates CCT with the gust intensity, and its row along the geographical area of Zafarana farm. Accordingly, general two variables second order function will propose to identify the dynamic CCT based on wind speed measured by smart meters installed on each wind farm row. The digital relay settings are updated according to the determined CCT using the communication facilities existing in the SG. The simulation results indicate that the proposed over speed protection improves significantly the performance of the grid connected wind farm under wind gust conditions.
{"title":"Smart Over Speed Protection of Zafarana Grid-connected Wind Farm during Wind Gust Conditions","authors":"M. Mahfouz, Mohamed El Sayed Ah","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing share of renewable energy in electricity generation requires an effective operation and protection scheme using Smart Grid (SG) technologies. Smart meters of SG allow the transfer of the measured signals in the wind farm to the operation and protection centre of the SG. Such signals transmission can improve the farm performance and reduce system cost. The secure operation of wind farms requires an efficient over speed protection of the turbines under wind gust conditions. Therefore, this paper is concerned with integration of a new over speed protection algorithm with the existing protection centre in SG. The main objective of the proposed algorithm is the dynamic updating of Critical Clearing Time (CCT) for over speed protective relays against severe wind gusts to minimize loss of life and component damage. In this respect, long-term data of wind speed of Zafarana farm have been collected and processed to define gust intensity and its distribution Moreover, the geographical farm area is classified to different rows according to the recorded gust values. A smart relay setting will be formulated by developing heuristic algorithm, which relates CCT with the gust intensity, and its row along the geographical area of Zafarana farm. Accordingly, general two variables second order function will propose to identify the dynamic CCT based on wind speed measured by smart meters installed on each wind farm row. The digital relay settings are updated according to the determined CCT using the communication facilities existing in the SG. The simulation results indicate that the proposed over speed protection improves significantly the performance of the grid connected wind farm under wind gust conditions.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87072050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000164
Suganya Gs, Sathya Mr, Ansari Mmt, S. Kumar
This paper presents the design of dual-mode Fractional order controller based type-III SVC model for isolated multi wind-diesel hybrid power systems. In conventional SVC type-III model the VAR regulator output is based upon proportional plus integral terms. Generally, the gains of the controllers are selected on the basis of a typical load; also these controllers, employed in type-III SVC model, do not eliminate the conflict between the static and dynamic accuracy. Hence, this paper proposes the advantage of dual mode concept and FOPI controllers on a new design of dual mode FOPI controller based type-III SVC model for isolated multi wind-diesel hybrid power systems. The simulation results show the proposed dual mode FOPI controller based type-III SVC model as having better responses than the conventional type-III SVC model. It is also found that the proposed model is found less sensitive to system parameter variation and robust under different operating conditions of the power systems.
{"title":"Design of Dual Mode Fractional Order PI Controllers Based Type-III SVC Model for Multi Wind-Diesel Isolated Hybrid Power Systems","authors":"Suganya Gs, Sathya Mr, Ansari Mmt, S. Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of dual-mode Fractional order controller based type-III SVC model for isolated multi wind-diesel hybrid power systems. In conventional SVC type-III model the VAR regulator output is based upon proportional plus integral terms. Generally, the gains of the controllers are selected on the basis of a typical load; also these controllers, employed in type-III SVC model, do not eliminate the conflict between the static and dynamic accuracy. Hence, this paper proposes the advantage of dual mode concept and FOPI controllers on a new design of dual mode FOPI controller based type-III SVC model for isolated multi wind-diesel hybrid power systems. The simulation results show the proposed dual mode FOPI controller based type-III SVC model as having better responses than the conventional type-III SVC model. It is also found that the proposed model is found less sensitive to system parameter variation and robust under different operating conditions of the power systems.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76041334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2332-0796.1000283
A. Rwendeire, G. Bakkabulindi, R. Kizito
The Uganda power network has suffered various transformer overloads which have reduced power availability and utility income generation. Although frequency monitoring ensures system stability and calls for the Under Frequency Load Shedding scheme, other conditions that threaten power system stability like the loss of a tie line, overload trip of a power transformer, and overload trip of a transmission line need to be automated as well. This will not only improve reliability and continuity of service but also fast decision making, reduce the blackout zone, unnecessary load shedding, and minimal downtime. This paper presents a load management scheme that performs automatic load monitoring and feeder restoration by strictly following the set threshold values using PCM600, an ABB tool. The 11KV feeder load shedding hierarchy was strictly selected according to utility income-priority, strategic supply and safety. The logic configuration from PCM600 was validated and the Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) report was published. The Configured IED Description (CID) file from each IED (in PCM600) was saved in Substation Configuration Language (SCL) format and imported into IEDScout to simulate the IEC61850 communication. The simulation using IEDScout achieved a 500ms GOOSE messaging sequence and the traffic on the Ethernet cable was captured and analyzed using WireShark, a graphic user interface network protocol. A cost benefit ratio of 1.647 (greater than 1) was obtained to declared economically acceptable. This design caters for emergencies, i.e. very rare, non-continuous but possible and very catastrophic occurrences on the power system. Therefore this research provides an efficient solution to transmission line and transformer overload by automating downstream load-shedding and load restoration.
{"title":"An Advanced Protection Scheme to Avert Blackouts due to Transmission Network Overload","authors":"A. Rwendeire, G. Bakkabulindi, R. Kizito","doi":"10.4172/2332-0796.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0796.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"The Uganda power network has suffered various transformer overloads which have reduced power availability and utility income generation. Although frequency monitoring ensures system stability and calls for the Under Frequency Load Shedding scheme, other conditions that threaten power system stability like the loss of a tie line, overload trip of a power transformer, and overload trip of a transmission line need to be automated as well. This will not only improve reliability and continuity of service but also fast decision making, reduce the blackout zone, unnecessary load shedding, and minimal downtime. This paper presents a load management scheme that performs automatic load monitoring and feeder restoration by strictly following the set threshold values using PCM600, an ABB tool. The 11KV feeder load shedding hierarchy was strictly selected according to utility income-priority, strategic supply and safety. The logic configuration from PCM600 was validated and the Generic Object Oriented Substation Events (GOOSE) report was published. The Configured IED Description (CID) file from each IED (in PCM600) was saved in Substation Configuration Language (SCL) format and imported into IEDScout to simulate the IEC61850 communication. The simulation using IEDScout achieved a 500ms GOOSE messaging sequence and the traffic on the Ethernet cable was captured and analyzed using WireShark, a graphic user interface network protocol. A cost benefit ratio of 1.647 (greater than 1) was obtained to declared economically acceptable. This design caters for emergencies, i.e. very rare, non-continuous but possible and very catastrophic occurrences on the power system. Therefore this research provides an efficient solution to transmission line and transformer overload by automating downstream load-shedding and load restoration.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"129 ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0796.1000283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72542448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Fan, Chunjing Lin, Fang Wang, Shiqiang Liu, Lei Liu, Sichuan Xu
{"title":"An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Based Model for the Temperature Prediction of Lithium-Ion Power Batteries","authors":"Bin Fan, Chunjing Lin, Fang Wang, Shiqiang Liu, Lei Liu, Sichuan Xu","doi":"10.4271/07-12-01-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/07-12-01-0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/07-12-01-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47552344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Fan, Chunjing Lin, Fang Wang, Shiqiang Liu, Lei Liu, Sichuan Xu
{"title":"An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) Based Model for the\u0000 Temperature Prediction of Lithium-Ion Power Batteries","authors":"Bin Fan, Chunjing Lin, Fang Wang, Shiqiang Liu, Lei Liu, Sichuan Xu","doi":"10.4271/07-11-03-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/07-11-03-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/07-11-03-0014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-09DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000162
Vatan Doost Mn, H. Radmanesh
In this paper, sizing equations of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine based on analytical method are presented. Dimensions of the stator and rotor cores are calculated. It is shown that the magnetic flux densities throughout these cores remain closed to the flux density of B-H curve knee point of the ferromagnetic material characteristics. A new algorithm is proposed to determine dimensions of different parts of machine and it is used to calculate height of permanent magnet precisely. To show the suggested algorithm capability, a sample AFPM machine is designed based on sizing equations and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to validate these design formulas. A complete simulation study is done and some of the results are presented to confirm the accuracy of the sizing equations.
{"title":"A New Algorithm for Optimum Design of Slotless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor","authors":"Vatan Doost Mn, H. Radmanesh","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, sizing equations of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) machine based on analytical method are presented. Dimensions of the stator and rotor cores are calculated. It is shown that the magnetic flux densities throughout these cores remain closed to the flux density of B-H curve knee point of the ferromagnetic material characteristics. A new algorithm is proposed to determine dimensions of different parts of machine and it is used to calculate height of permanent magnet precisely. To show the suggested algorithm capability, a sample AFPM machine is designed based on sizing equations and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is employed to validate these design formulas. A complete simulation study is done and some of the results are presented to confirm the accuracy of the sizing equations.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79855611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-09DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000160
W. Rammal, Jamal Rammal, Farah Salameh, M. Taoubi, J. Fouany, Alaa Alchaddoud, L. Canale
This article presents a microwave characterization at the ISM band (2.45 GHz) for the dielectric properties of a Silicon Carbide sample with high loss tangent from 25°C to 165°C. Different techniques were used to characterize the SiC sample: the cylindrical resonant cavity technique in transmission and reflection mode, the microstrip ring resonator and finally the near field microwave microscopy. The results obtained by the cylindrical resonant cavity (transmissionand reflection) are in good agreement, the relative permittivity and the loss tangent of the SiC increase with temperature by 48% and 190% respectively between 25°C and 165°C. These techniques are accurate but need two thermal cycles. The results obtained by the microstrip ring resonator are less accurate than the resonant cavity and the low quality factor (Q0=2.5) does not allow to correctly determine the imaginary part of the permittivity and consequently, the loss tangent. Finally, the near field microwave microscopy technique shows an accurate measurement with low uncertainties in the real (<2%) and imaginary part (<5%) of the permittivity. These results are in good agreement with the resonant cavity techniques, however this technique needs just one thermal cycle which allows saving time during the measurements.
{"title":"Microwave Characterization of Silicon Carbide Sample at the ISM Band from 25°C to 165°C","authors":"W. Rammal, Jamal Rammal, Farah Salameh, M. Taoubi, J. Fouany, Alaa Alchaddoud, L. Canale","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a microwave characterization at the ISM band (2.45 GHz) for the dielectric properties of a Silicon Carbide sample with high loss tangent from 25°C to 165°C. Different techniques were used to characterize the SiC sample: the cylindrical resonant cavity technique in transmission and reflection mode, the microstrip ring resonator and finally the near field microwave microscopy. The results obtained by the cylindrical resonant cavity (transmissionand reflection) are in good agreement, the relative permittivity and the loss tangent of the SiC increase with temperature by 48% and 190% respectively between 25°C and 165°C. These techniques are accurate but need two thermal cycles. The results obtained by the microstrip ring resonator are less accurate than the resonant cavity and the low quality factor (Q0=2.5) does not allow to correctly determine the imaginary part of the permittivity and consequently, the loss tangent. Finally, the near field microwave microscopy technique shows an accurate measurement with low uncertainties in the real (<2%) and imaginary part (<5%) of the permittivity. These results are in good agreement with the resonant cavity techniques, however this technique needs just one thermal cycle which allows saving time during the measurements.","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80898022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.4172/2325-9833.1000159
Mamdouh L. Alghaythi, N. Islam
The isolated DC-DC converters are completely separated between the input and the output terminals. However, the non-isolated DC-DC converters would share a common ground between the input and the output terminals. The isolated DC-DC converters can be used as a positive grounding or negative grounding. Furthermore, isolated converters have found wide application recently due to their advantage over non-isolated converters. In addition, electrical isolation of input and output ground connections is for safety. The voltage and current stress on switches can be minimized using transformers. Moreover, the first winding can be used to put in energy into the inductor; as a result, the inductor that could gradually increase the energy from the inductor to the load cannot be available for the other coil. The two significant topologies of the isolated DC-DC converters are flyback converter and catch-winding forward converter. Therefore, the main goal is to analyze and investigate the impact of change in switching frequency, duty ratio, load and the input voltage for every topology and to find the critical points for every topology by comparing the results with every figure done through this work [1].
{"title":"Study and Analysis of Flyback with Adding RC and CatchWinding Forward DC-DC Power Converter in CCM and DCM","authors":"Mamdouh L. Alghaythi, N. Islam","doi":"10.4172/2325-9833.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9833.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"The isolated DC-DC converters are completely separated between the input and the output terminals. However, the non-isolated DC-DC converters would share a common ground between the input and the output terminals. The isolated DC-DC converters can be used as a positive grounding or negative grounding. Furthermore, isolated converters have found wide application recently due to their advantage over non-isolated converters. In addition, electrical isolation of input and output ground connections is for safety. The voltage and current stress on switches can be minimized using transformers. Moreover, the first winding can be used to put in energy into the inductor; as a result, the inductor that could gradually increase the energy from the inductor to the load cannot be available for the other coil. The two significant topologies of the isolated DC-DC converters are flyback converter and catch-winding forward converter. Therefore, the main goal is to analyze and investigate the impact of change in switching frequency, duty ratio, load and the input voltage for every topology and to find the critical points for every topology by comparing the results with every figure done through this work [1].","PeriodicalId":44634,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars-Electronic and Electrical Systems","volume":"66 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90763684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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