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Indefinite Admittance Matrix Based Modelling of PSIJ in Nano-Scale CMOS I/O Drivers 基于不定导纳矩阵的纳米级CMOS I/O驱动器PSIJ建模
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3221838
Vijender Kumar Sharma;Jai Narayan Tripathi;Hitesh Shrimali
The past decade has witnessed a tremendous reduction in the feature size from the deep-submicron to the advanced nano-scale CMOS devices. In nanoscale devices based high-speed systems, the budgeting of jitter due to supply fluctuations is one of the major performance bottlenecks while designing integrated circuits (ICs). In this paper, an accurate and efficient method to analyse power supply induced jitter (PSIJ) in CMOS N-stage inverters is developed using the estimation-by-inspection method. Based on the Indefinite Admittance Matrix, a reduced two-port network is developed for a multiple-input circuit, considering the presence of the supply/bulk/ground sources. The closed-form expressions of the PSIJ have been evaluated for a single and N-stages CMOS inverter chain. The expression is also valid for the PSIJ analysis at any intermediate stage of the N-stage chain. For validation purpose, the circuits are designed in a standard 28 nm CMOS technology with V$_text{DD}$ of 1 V. The analytical results are compared with the simulation and the experiments. The maximum mean percentage error for EDA simulation and experimentally measured results are 2.4% and 13%, respectively. The proposed analysis is compared with some of the existing PSIJ modelling techniques and shows a significant improvement in speed-up factor and error percentage.
过去的十年见证了特征尺寸从深亚微米到先进的纳米级CMOS器件的巨大缩小。在基于纳米级器件的高速系统中,由于电源波动引起的抖动预算是集成电路设计中的主要性能瓶颈之一。本文提出了一种利用检测估计法准确、有效地分析CMOS n级逆变器电源诱发抖动(PSIJ)的方法。基于不定导纳矩阵,考虑到电源源/大容量源/地源的存在,建立了多输入电路的简化双端口网络。对单级和n级CMOS逆变链的PSIJ闭合表达式进行了计算。该表达式也适用于n级链的任何中间阶段的PSIJ分析。为了验证目的,电路采用标准的28纳米CMOS技术设计,V$_text{DD}$为1 V。分析结果与仿真和实验结果进行了比较。EDA仿真和实验测量结果的最大平均百分比误差分别为2.4%和13%。与现有的一些PSIJ建模技术进行了比较,结果表明该方法在加速因子和错误率方面有了显著提高。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis of Bump in Tapered TSV: Impact on Crosstalk and Power Loss 锥形TSV中碰撞的性能分析:对串扰和功耗的影响
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3221815
Shivangi Chandrakar;Deepika Gupta;Manoj Kumar Majumder;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
This study addresses the first feasible, and comprehensive approach to demonstrate a compact resistance-inductance-capacitance-conductance (RLCG) model for a multi-walled carbon nanotube bundle (MWB) and multilayered graphene nanoribbon (MLGNR) based tapered through silicon via (T-TSV) along with the different shaped bumps. The physical structures of bumps accurately considered the effect of the high frequency resistive impact and the inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer. A mathematical framework has been designed for the parasitics of the cylindrical, barrel, hourglass and the tapered bump structures. The bump and via parasitics have been computed by utilizing the current continuity expression, partial inductance method, splitting infinitesimally thin slices of bump and triangular arrangement of tube assemblage. In order to validate the proposed model, the EM simulation is performed and compared against the analytical results. A remarkable consistency of the analytical and EM simulation-based results supports the proposed model accuracy. Furthermore, when compared to the MWB based structures, the MLGNR -based tapered TSV shows a substantial improvement in power loss and crosstalk. Furthermore, regardless of via height, the TSV with tapered bump structure reduces the overall crosstalk induced delay by 33.22%, 28.90%, and 21.61%, respectively, when compared to the barrel, cylindrical and the hourglass structure.
本研究提出了第一个可行的、全面的方法来证明一个紧凑的电阻-电感-电容-电导(RLCG)模型,该模型适用于基于多壁碳纳米管束(MWB)和多层石墨烯纳米带(MLGNR)的锥形硅孔(T-TSV)以及不同形状的凸起。凸起的物理结构准确地考虑了高频电阻冲击和金属间介电层的影响。设计了圆柱结构、桶形结构、沙漏结构和锥凸结构的寄生数学框架。利用电流连续性表达式、部分电感法、无限小的凹凸薄片分割和管组合的三角形排列,计算了凹凸和通孔寄生。为了验证所提出的模型,进行了电磁仿真,并与分析结果进行了比较。分析结果和基于电磁仿真的结果的显著一致性支持了所提出的模型的准确性。此外,与基于MWB的结构相比,基于MLGNR的锥形TSV在功率损耗和串扰方面有了实质性的改善。此外,无论通孔高度如何,与桶形结构、圆柱形结构和沙漏形结构相比,锥形凹凸结构的TSV总体串扰延迟分别降低了33.22%、28.90%和21.61%。
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引用次数: 2
Low-Temperature and High-Speed Fabrication of Nanocrystalline Ge Films on Cu Substrates Using Sub-Torr-Pressure Plasma Sputtering 亚托压等离子溅射在Cu衬底上低温高速制备纳米晶锗薄膜
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-11 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3221462
Giichiro Uchida;Kenta Nagai;Ayaka Wakana;Yumiko Ikebe
We fabricated nanocrystalline Ge films using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron plasma sputtering deposition under a high Ar-gas pressure. The Ge nanograins changed from amorphous to crystalline when the distance between the Ge sputtering target and the substrate was decreased to 5 mm and the RF input power was 11.8 W/cm2 (60 W), where the deposition rate was as high as 660 nm/min. In addition, the size of the nanocrystalline grains increased from 100 to 307 nm when the RF input power for plasma production was increased from 11.8 W/cm2 (60 W) to 17.7 W/cm2 (90 W). In the developed narrow-gap plasma process at sub-Torr pressures, nanocrystalline Ge films were successfully fabricated on Cu substrates at low temperatures, without the substrate being heated. However, when annealing was conducted under an N2 atmosphere, which is the conventional method to induce solid-phase crystallization, the amorphous Ge layer on a Cu substrate changed to a Cu3Ge crystal layer through interdiffusion of Ge and Cu atoms at 400–500 °C.
在高氩气压力下,采用射频磁控等离子溅射沉积法制备了纳米晶锗薄膜。当溅射靶与衬底之间的距离减小到5 mm,射频输入功率为11.8 W/cm2 (60 W),沉积速率高达660 nm/min时,Ge纳米颗粒由无定形变为结晶。此外,当用于等离子体生产的射频输入功率从11.8 W/cm2 (60 W)增加到17.7 W/cm2 (90 W)时,纳米晶颗粒的尺寸从100 nm增加到307 nm。在亚托尔压力下开发的窄间隙等离子体工艺中,在低温下成功地在Cu衬底上制备了纳米晶锗薄膜,而无需加热衬底。然而,当采用诱导固相结晶的常规方法在N2气氛下进行退火时,在400-500℃时,Cu衬底上的非晶态Ge层通过Ge和Cu原子的相互扩散转变为Cu3Ge晶体层。
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引用次数: 0
Biodegradable and Nanocomposite Materials as Printed Circuit Substrates: A Mini-Review 生物可降解和纳米复合材料作为印刷电路衬底:综述
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3221273
Attila Géczy;Csaba Farkas;Rebeka Kovács;Denis Froš;Petr Veselý;Attila Bonyár
Biodegradables are a promising path for the future of electronics in a greener mindset. The review study focuses on their applications and past and current research results. The paper also investigates the application of nanomaterials as fillers to control or increase the physical (electrical, mechanical, thermal) properties of biodegradable biopolymers. These biodegradables and nanocomposites are already effectively used in prototypes and advanced application areas with demanding requirements, such as flexible and wearable electronics, implantable or biomedical applications, and traditional commercial electronics. The nano-enhanced biopolymer substrates (e.g., with improved gas and water barrier functionalities) sometimes also with integrated, nano-enabled functionalities (such as electromagnetic shielding or plasmonic activity) can be beneficial in many electronics packaging and nanopackaging applications as well.
生物可降解材料是未来绿色电子产品的一条很有前途的道路。综述了它们的应用以及过去和现在的研究成果。本文还研究了纳米材料作为填料的应用,以控制或增加可生物降解生物聚合物的物理(电、机械、热)性能。这些可生物降解和纳米复合材料已经有效地应用于具有苛刻要求的原型和高级应用领域,例如柔性和可穿戴电子产品,植入式或生物医学应用,以及传统的商业电子产品。纳米增强的生物聚合物衬底(例如,具有改进的气体和水屏障功能)有时也具有集成的纳米功能(例如电磁屏蔽或等离子体活性),在许多电子封装和纳米封装应用中也是有益的。
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引用次数: 2
Modeling and Analysis of Cu-Carbon Nanotube Composites for Sub-Threshold Interconnects 用于亚阈值互连的cu -碳纳米管复合材料建模与分析
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3221141
Ashish Singh;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik;Rohit Dhiman
The sub-threshold regime is suited for applications requiring ultra-low power consumption with low to medium frequency (tens to hundreds of MHz) of operation. Therefore, this paper presents electrical modeling and comprehensive analysis of copper-carbon nanotube (Cu-CNT) composite interconnects for sub-threshold circuit design. At lower operating frequencies, the effective complex conductivity of Cu-CNT composites in the nanoscale is formulated by developing an analytical model. Based on the proposed equivalent single conductor model, the frequency-dependent resistance and inductance of composite interconnects are computed. Finally, the sub-threshold crosstalk effect, transfer gain, and Nyquist stability of coupled Cu-CNT composite interconnect are analyzed using ABCD matrix approach.
亚阈值模式适用于低至中频(数十至数百MHz)操作要求超低功耗的应用。因此,本文对用于亚阈值电路设计的铜碳纳米管(Cu-CNT)复合互连进行了电气建模和综合分析。在较低的工作频率下,Cu-CNT复合材料在纳米尺度上的有效复合电导率通过建立分析模型得到。基于所提出的等效单导体模型,计算了复合互连的电阻和电感随频率的变化。最后,利用ABCD矩阵分析了Cu-CNT复合互连的亚阈值串扰效应、传输增益和奈奎斯特稳定性。
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引用次数: 1
Recent Advances in Materials, Designs and Applications of Skin Electronics 皮肤电子材料、设计与应用的最新进展
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3218960
Kuanming Yao;Yawen Yang;Pengcheng Wu;Guangyao Zhao;Lidai Wang;Xinge Yu
As electronic devices get smaller, more portable, and smarter, a new approach of realizing electronics in thin, soft, and even stretchable style that could be worn and attached to the skin, which is called skin electronics, has emerged and attracted much attention. To achieve well compliance, extend the maximum stretchability, promote the comfortability of wearing, and make the most use of the skin electronics, researchers are making efforts in different aspects. In this article, we summarized the recent advances in categories of materials science, design strategies and novel applications. Examples of skin electronics using various functional materials including piezoelectric, thermoelectric, etc., and soft conductive materials including PEDOT: PSS-based conductive polymer, carbon nanomaterials, metal-based materials and hydrogels were given. Different mechanics design strategies for enhancing mechanical performance and comfortability design strategies for better wearing experience were introduced. Lastly, practical applications of skin electronics in fields of smart healthcare and human-machine interface were discussed. Research focused on these aspects all boosted the development of skin electronics in different dimensions, with which combined together may help skin electronics take a leap into truly ubiquitous use in our daily life.
随着电子产品的小型化、便携化、智能化,一种可以穿在皮肤上的轻薄、柔软、甚至可拉伸的电子产品被称为“皮肤电子产品”,引起了人们的广泛关注。为了达到良好的顺应性,延长最大的拉伸性,提高穿着的舒适性,并最大限度地利用皮肤电子器件,研究人员正在不同方面进行努力。本文综述了近年来在材料科学分类、设计策略和新应用方面的进展。举例说明了采用压电、热电等多种功能材料和PEDOT: pss基导电聚合物、碳纳米材料、金属基材料和水凝胶等软导电材料的皮肤电子器件。介绍了提高机械性能的不同力学设计策略和改善穿着体验的舒适设计策略。最后,讨论了皮肤电子技术在智能医疗、人机界面等领域的实际应用。这些方面的研究都促进了皮肤电子产品在不同维度的发展,结合在一起可能会帮助皮肤电子产品飞跃到我们日常生活中真正无处不在的使用。
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引用次数: 2
Emerging Plasma Nanotechnology 新兴的等离子体纳米技术
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3217806
Seiji Samukawa
Developments in plasma process technology have led to innovative advances in the miniaturization and integration of semiconductor devices. However, when semiconductor devices are utilized in the nanoscale domain, defects or damage related to charged particles and ultraviolet (UV) rays emitted from the plasma can emerge, resulting in degraded characteristics for nano-devices. It is thus imperative to come up with a method that suppresses or controls the charge accumulation and ultraviolet (UV) damage in plasma processing. This paper reviews our work on a neutral beam process that suppresses the formation of defects at the atomic layer level on the processed surface, which makes it possible for ideal surface chemical reactions to occur at room temperature. This is vital for the creation of innovative nano-devices in the future.
等离子体工艺技术的发展导致了半导体器件小型化和集成化的创新进步。然而,当半导体器件用于纳米级领域时,可能会出现与带电粒子和等离子体发射的紫外线(UV)射线相关的缺陷或损伤,从而导致纳米器件的特性下降。因此,研究一种抑制或控制等离子体加工过程中电荷积累和紫外线损伤的方法势在必行。本文综述了中性束工艺在抑制被加工表面原子层缺陷形成方面所做的工作,这使得在室温下进行理想的表面化学反应成为可能。这对于未来创新纳米器件的创造至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Nanofiber-Textured Organic Semiconductor Films for Field-Effect Ammonia Sensors 用于场效应氨传感器的纳米纤维织构有机半导体薄膜
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3217255
Yao Tang;Qing Ma;Jie Lu;Xingyu Jiang;Lizhen Huang;Lifeng Chi;Litao Sun;Binghao Wang
Field-effect gas sensors, integrating the gas sensor and amplification transistor, exhibit excellent sensory performance. Here we report organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with nanofiber-textured semiconductor films that exhibit superior ammonia response compared to conventional OTFTs with uniform/flat semiconductor films. The introduce of insulating polymer additives (IPAs) facilitates the formation of semiconducting nanofiber during coating. The effects of IPAs, organic semiconductor/IPA blend ratios and solvents on OTFT-based sensory performance are studied. The results show that the use of SU8 as IPA and chloroform as solvent form intertwined semiconductor nanofibers (∼50 nm in diameter) at the bottom. The resulting OTFTs exhibit extraordinarily high sensitivities to ammonia, which reach 13676%/ppm (current) and 457%/ppm (turn-on voltage), respectively. Finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the adsorption/desorption processes of gas molecules and the effect of specific surface area on sensory performance.
场效应气体传感器集成了气体传感器和放大晶体管,具有优异的传感性能。在这里,我们报告了具有纳米纤维纹理半导体薄膜的有机薄膜晶体管(OTFTs)与具有均匀/平坦半导体薄膜的传统OTFTs相比,表现出更好的氨响应。绝缘聚合物添加剂的引入促进了涂层过程中半导体纳米纤维的形成。研究了IPA、有机半导体/IPA共混比例和溶剂对otft传感性能的影响。结果表明,使用SU8作为IPA,氯仿作为溶剂,在底部形成缠绕在一起的半导体纳米纤维(直径约50 nm)。由此产生的otft对氨的灵敏度非常高,分别达到13676%/ppm(电流)和457%/ppm(导通电压)。通过有限元分析模拟了气体分子的吸附/解吸过程以及比表面积对感官性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Single DNA Translocation and Electrical Characterization Based on Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanoelectrodes 基于原子力显微镜和纳米电极的单DNA易位和电学表征
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3217108
Bo Ma;Jin-Woo Kim;Steve Tung
Precision DNA translocation control is critical for achieving high accuracy in single molecule-based DNA sequencing. In this report, we describe an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based method to linearize a double-stranded DNA strand during the translocation process and characterize the electrical properties of the moving DNA using a platinum (Pt) nanoelectrode gap. In this method, λDNAs were first deposited on a charged mica substrate surface and topographically scanned. A single DNA suitable for translocation was then identified and electrostatically attached to an AFM probe by pressing the probe tip down onto one end of the DNA strand without chemical functionalizations. Next, the DNA strand was lifted off the mica surface by the probe tip. The pulling force required to completely lift off the DNA agreed well with the theoretical DNA adhesion force to a charged mica surface. After liftoff, the captured DNA was translocated at varied speeds across the substrate and ultimately across the Pt nanoelectrode gap for electrical characterizations. Finally, finite element analysis of the effect of the translocating DNA on the conductivity of the nanoelectrode gap was conducted, validating the range of the gap current measured experimentally during the DNA translocation process.
精确的DNA易位控制是实现单分子DNA测序高精度的关键。在本报告中,我们描述了一种基于原子力显微镜(AFM)的方法,在易位过程中线性化双链DNA链,并使用铂(Pt)纳米电极间隙表征移动DNA的电学性质。在这种方法中,λ dna首先沉积在带电云母衬底表面并进行地形扫描。然后鉴定出适合易位的单个DNA,并通过将探针尖端压在DNA链的一端而不进行化学官能化,以静电方式连接到AFM探针上。接下来,DNA链被探针尖从云母表面提起。完全剥离DNA所需的拉力与理论上的DNA粘附在带电云母表面的力一致。升空后,捕获的DNA以不同的速度在衬底上易位,最终穿过Pt纳米电极间隙进行电特性表征。最后,对DNA易位对纳米电极间隙电导率的影响进行了有限元分析,验证了DNA易位过程中实验测量的间隙电流范围。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Sensing Arrays Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors 基于有机电化学晶体管的集成传感阵列
IF 1.7 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2022.3215135
Jinjie Wen;Jie Xu;Wei Huang;Cong Chen;Libing Bai;Yuhua Cheng
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), as one of the most promising sensing techniques, have shown various advantages compared to traditional means, which include ultra-high sensitivity, low driving voltage, and excellent biocompatibility for different bioelectrical and biochemical sensing. Moreover, to fully unleash the potential of OECT sensors, integrated sensing systems, especially OECT-based sensing arrays, are widely investigated due to spatiotemporal resolution, mechanical flexibility, high optical transparency, low power dissipation, and ease of fabrication. These advantages are attributed to the unique working mechanism of OECT, novel mixed ionic-electronic (semi)conductors, adaptable device geometry/structure, etc. In this review, advances in OECT-based sensing systems are systematically summarized, with a focus on the OECT-based sensing array. Furthermore, perspectives, concerning stability, cut-off frequency, integrating density, and power dissipation, are discussed based on recent studies on OECTs and their relevant sensor arrays. Last, a summary and an outlook of this field are provided.
有机电化学晶体管(OECTs)作为最具发展前景的传感技术之一,与传统传感手段相比,具有超高灵敏度、低驱动电压和优异的生物相容性等优点,可用于不同的生物电和生化传感。此外,为了充分释放OECT传感器的潜力,集成传感系统,特别是基于OECT的传感阵列,由于其时空分辨率,机械灵活性,高光学透明度,低功耗和易于制造而得到广泛研究。这些优势归功于OECT独特的工作机制,新型混合离子-电子(半导体)导体,适应性强的器件几何/结构等。本文系统总结了基于oect传感系统的研究进展,重点介绍了基于oect传感阵列的研究进展。此外,基于oect及其相关传感器阵列的最新研究,讨论了稳定性、截止频率、积分密度和功耗方面的观点。最后,对该领域进行了总结和展望。
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引用次数: 1
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IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology
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