Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494714
Kunal Aggarwal;Avinash Lahgere
In this paper, using calibrated simulation we have reported a dielectric modulated epitaxial tunnel layer TFET (DM ETL-TFET) for the label-free detection of biomolecules. We have shown that due to vertical tunneling direction, the ETL-TFET exhibits $sim$ 3 orders of improvement in the ON-state current in comparison to its counterpart conventional TFET. In addition, the proposed DM ETL-TFET biosensor shows $sim$ 4 orders, and $sim$ 1 order higher ON-state current sensitivity than the past reported core-shell junctionless NT-TFET, and DM NT-TFET biosensors, respectively. Moreover, in comparison to the lateral DM TFET, the proposed DM ETL-TFET shows $sim$ 310 mV higher threshold voltage sensitivity. Also, the subthreshold swing sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is found to be $sim$ 0.63 for the keratin biomolecule. Although the proposed biosensor shows almost the same selectivity, the proposed DM ETL-TFET biosensor does not need a complex fabrication process flow, hence, reducing the fabrication cost. Our findings that the proposed biosensor is a lucrative alternative to the FET-based biosensors.
{"title":"High-Performance Dielectric Modulated Epitaxial Tunnel Layer Tunnel FET for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules","authors":"Kunal Aggarwal;Avinash Lahgere","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494714","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using calibrated simulation we have reported a dielectric modulated epitaxial tunnel layer TFET (DM ETL-TFET) for the label-free detection of biomolecules. We have shown that due to vertical tunneling direction, the ETL-TFET exhibits \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00003 orders of improvement in the ON-state current in comparison to its counterpart conventional TFET. In addition, the proposed DM ETL-TFET biosensor shows \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 orders, and \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00001 order higher ON-state current sensitivity than the past reported core-shell junctionless NT-TFET, and DM NT-TFET biosensors, respectively. Moreover, in comparison to the lateral DM TFET, the proposed DM ETL-TFET shows \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000310 mV higher threshold voltage sensitivity. Also, the subthreshold swing sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is found to be \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u00000.63 for the keratin biomolecule. Although the proposed biosensor shows almost the same selectivity, the proposed DM ETL-TFET biosensor does not need a complex fabrication process flow, hence, reducing the fabrication cost. Our findings that the proposed biosensor is a lucrative alternative to the FET-based biosensors.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"116-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Machine learning (ML) approaches present an effective technique for accurately and efficiently predicting device parameters. Using these techniques, we introduce a multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) model and support vector regression (SVR) model that is intended to precisely estimate two important parameters of magnetic systems such as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) constant and the exchange constant (A ex ). The magnetic Hamiltonian encapsulates various energy components, including exchange energy, DMI, Zeeman energy, and anisotropy energy, wherein factors such as saturation magnetization, DMI strength, exchange stiffness, and anisotropy constants influence their magnitudes. Conventionally, the estimation of these parameters has been computationally intensive and time-consuming. The CNN and SVR models can simultaneously estimate both the DMI constant and the exchange constant, making it a versatile tool for magnetic system characterization. The custom CNN model performs best for the DMI constant and A ex with R 2 scores of 0.991 and 0.998 respectively. The SVR model achieves R 2 scores of 0.927 and 0.989 for DMI constant and A ex respectively. The estimated values are in good agreement with true values, thus emphasizing the potential of ML methods for pattern recognition.
{"title":"Multitask Learning for Estimation of Magnetic Parameters Using Pattern Recognition","authors":"Anubha Sehgal;Shipra Saini;Hemkant Nehete;Kunal Kranti Das;Sourajeet Roy;Brajesh Kumar Kaushik","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494836","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) approaches present an effective technique for accurately and efficiently predicting device parameters. Using these techniques, we introduce a multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) model and support vector regression (SVR) model that is intended to precisely estimate two important parameters of magnetic systems such as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) constant and the exchange constant (A\u0000<sub>ex</sub>\u0000). The magnetic Hamiltonian encapsulates various energy components, including exchange energy, DMI, Zeeman energy, and anisotropy energy, wherein factors such as saturation magnetization, DMI strength, exchange stiffness, and anisotropy constants influence their magnitudes. Conventionally, the estimation of these parameters has been computationally intensive and time-consuming. The CNN and SVR models can simultaneously estimate both the DMI constant and the exchange constant, making it a versatile tool for magnetic system characterization. The custom CNN model performs best for the DMI constant and A\u0000<sub>ex</sub>\u0000 with R\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 scores of 0.991 and 0.998 respectively. The SVR model achieves R\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 scores of 0.927 and 0.989 for DMI constant and A\u0000<sub>ex</sub>\u0000 respectively. The estimated values are in good agreement with true values, thus emphasizing the potential of ML methods for pattern recognition.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"149-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10748362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494544
Wenping Wang;Ziliang Feng
The handheld ultrasound has been widely applied in various clinical applications due to its high portability and cost-effectiveness advantages. The smaller hardware architecture can expand its range of application scenarios. However, miniaturized ultrasound devices face the challenges in terms of image quality, frame rate, and power consumption. The achievement of high-quality and high-frame-rate imaging depends on numerous channels and higher pulse repetition frequency (PRF) at the cost of power consumption. The proposed work aims to design a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based prototype with synthetic aperture method for portable and cost-effective handheld ultrasound system. The prototype supports 8 transmit and receive channels and forms up to 8 synthetic apertures. In addition, to optimize the FPGA resources, the auto delay calculation and segmented apodizations are employed for 4 parallel beamforming lines. To evaluate the performance of our proposed prototype, scan sequences of B-mode, C-mode, and D-mode are implemented for image construction. The results show that the proposed prototype can provide a lateral resolution of 0.30 mm, a contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 7.58 dB, and a frame rate of 22 frames per second (FPS) in dual-mode imaging. Moreover, it is remarkable that the memory and logic resources in the FPGA (EP4CE55) account for 73.7% and 66.2%, respectively, which makes the FPGA's power consumption only about 530 mW. The proposed prototype is suitable for handheld and other miniaturized ultrasound imaging systems.
{"title":"Portable and Cost-Effective Handheld Ultrasound System Utilizing FPGA-Based Synthetic Aperture Imaging","authors":"Wenping Wang;Ziliang Feng","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3494544","url":null,"abstract":"The handheld ultrasound has been widely applied in various clinical applications due to its high portability and cost-effectiveness advantages. The smaller hardware architecture can expand its range of application scenarios. However, miniaturized ultrasound devices face the challenges in terms of image quality, frame rate, and power consumption. The achievement of high-quality and high-frame-rate imaging depends on numerous channels and higher pulse repetition frequency (PRF) at the cost of power consumption. The proposed work aims to design a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based prototype with synthetic aperture method for portable and cost-effective handheld ultrasound system. The prototype supports 8 transmit and receive channels and forms up to 8 synthetic apertures. In addition, to optimize the FPGA resources, the auto delay calculation and segmented apodizations are employed for 4 parallel beamforming lines. To evaluate the performance of our proposed prototype, scan sequences of B-mode, C-mode, and D-mode are implemented for image construction. The results show that the proposed prototype can provide a lateral resolution of 0.30 mm, a contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 7.58 dB, and a frame rate of 22 frames per second (FPS) in dual-mode imaging. Moreover, it is remarkable that the memory and logic resources in the FPGA (EP4CE55) account for 73.7% and 66.2%, respectively, which makes the FPGA's power consumption only about 530 mW. The proposed prototype is suitable for handheld and other miniaturized ultrasound imaging systems.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10747270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal synthesis is an essential process in most chemical formulations. While several well-established methods exist for synthesizing materials in large quantities, synthesizing materials on a small scale is challenging and costly. This work delves into the design and functionality of microfluidic-based thermal synthesis microreactors, which are highly customizable and cost-effective. Instead of conventional electrothermal heaters, Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) heaters are leveraged over traditional electrothermal heaters due to their cost-effectiveness, simplified fabrication process, and high level of customization. The parameters for developing these LIG heaters were optimized by tuning the speed and power of the CO 2 laser to obtain both the desired electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The developed heaters were integrated with microfluidic devices fabricated using the soft-lithography technique. The functionality of these devices was demonstrated by performing gold nanoparticles (inorganic) and alkene (organic) synthesis. The synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and alkene solution were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques to evaluate the quality of the end products. The functionality of synthesized solutions can be utilized as catalyst in electrochemical applications and as precursors in downstream chemical syntheses.
热合成是大多数化学配方中必不可少的过程。虽然有几种成熟的方法可用于大量合成材料，但小规模合成材料却具有挑战性且成本高昂。这项研究深入探讨了基于微流体的热合成微反应器的设计和功能，这种微反应器具有高度可定制性和成本效益。与传统的电热加热器相比，激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）加热器具有成本效益高、制造工艺简化和高度定制化等优点。通过调整 CO2 激光的速度和功率，对开发 LIG 加热器的参数进行了优化，以获得所需的导电性和机械强度。所开发的加热器与使用软光刻技术制造的微流体设备集成在一起。通过金纳米粒子（无机）和烯（有机）的合成，证明了这些装置的功能。使用紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振技术分析了合成的金纳米粒子（AuNPs）和烯溶液，以评估最终产品的质量。合成溶液的功能可用作电化学应用中的催化剂和下游化学合成中的前体。
{"title":"Microfluidic Microreactor Device With Integrated Heaters for Temperature Assisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Alkene","authors":"Tinku Naik Banavathi;Mukesh Kumar Sivakumar;Aniket Balapure;Sohan Dudala;Satish Kumar Dubey;Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3492116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3492116","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal synthesis is an essential process in most chemical formulations. While several well-established methods exist for synthesizing materials in large quantities, synthesizing materials on a small scale is challenging and costly. This work delves into the design and functionality of microfluidic-based thermal synthesis microreactors, which are highly customizable and cost-effective. Instead of conventional electrothermal heaters, Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) heaters are leveraged over traditional electrothermal heaters due to their cost-effectiveness, simplified fabrication process, and high level of customization. The parameters for developing these LIG heaters were optimized by tuning the speed and power of the CO\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 laser to obtain both the desired electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. The developed heaters were integrated with microfluidic devices fabricated using the soft-lithography technique. The functionality of these devices was demonstrated by performing gold nanoparticles (inorganic) and alkene (organic) synthesis. The synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and alkene solution were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques to evaluate the quality of the end products. The functionality of synthesized solutions can be utilized as catalyst in electrochemical applications and as precursors in downstream chemical syntheses.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"134-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10742960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142736590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidermal sensing electrodes, a key type of advanced wearable device, play a crucial role in biosignal sensing. Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials have propelled the development of these electrodes; however, their fabrication often involves complex processes and expensive raw materials. While significant progress has been made in enhancing the biocompatibility of electrodes through the use of human-friendly materials, improvements in flexibility and conductivity are still needed to ensure optimal skin conformability and compliance. In this study, we present an innovative epidermal sensing electrode constructed from electronic slime (E-slime), which is synthesized through a simple one-step, one-pot method utilizing widely available and cost-effective carbon nanocomposites. The E-slime electrode exhibits exceptional deformability, flexibility, and self-healing properties, ensuring mechanical compliance and effective skin adherence for epidermal applications. Our results demonstrate the electrode's capability in biosignal sensing, including electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 46dB and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring for real-time human-robot interaction. This work introduces a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of epidermal electrodes, offering high conformability, low impedance, and superior signal quality, which holds significant promise for applications in intelligent healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.
{"title":"An Electronic Slime-Based Epidermal Electrode Using Carbon Nanocomposites for Biosignal Sensing","authors":"Yu Feng;Hui Sun;Meng Chen;Cong Wu;Jiankun Li;Zhi Li;Kremena Makasheva;Na Liu;Guanglie Zhang;Wen Jung Li","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3488720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3488720","url":null,"abstract":"Epidermal sensing electrodes, a key type of advanced wearable device, play a crucial role in biosignal sensing. Recent advancements in functional nanomaterials have propelled the development of these electrodes; however, their fabrication often involves complex processes and expensive raw materials. While significant progress has been made in enhancing the biocompatibility of electrodes through the use of human-friendly materials, improvements in flexibility and conductivity are still needed to ensure optimal skin conformability and compliance. In this study, we present an innovative epidermal sensing electrode constructed from electronic slime (E-slime), which is synthesized through a simple one-step, one-pot method utilizing widely available and cost-effective carbon nanocomposites. The E-slime electrode exhibits exceptional deformability, flexibility, and self-healing properties, ensuring mechanical compliance and effective skin adherence for epidermal applications. Our results demonstrate the electrode's capability in biosignal sensing, including electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 46dB and electromyogram (EMG) monitoring for real-time human-robot interaction. This work introduces a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of epidermal electrodes, offering high conformability, low impedance, and superior signal quality, which holds significant promise for applications in intelligent healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10739952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3488787
Anmol Garg;Sajal Agarwal;Deepak Punetha
This paper reports the comparative analysis of different piezoelectric materials through a MEMS-based piezoelectric actuator model, emphasizing their potential for sensing applications. The polarization and electrostrictive strain tensor capabilities have been extensively studied for different piezoelectric materials such as PZT, LiNbO 3 , PVDF, etc. The simulation results obtained at varying voltages and mechanical stress demonstrate that LiNbO 3 exhibits superior performance among the tested materials, with a polarization value of 0.5163 C/m 2 at 800 volts and an electrostrictive strain tensor of 0.01 at an applied mechanical stress of 25 MPa. These findings will assist scientists in selecting the most suitable piezoelectric materials for sensing applications in biomedical fields.
{"title":"Polarization and Strain in Piezoelectric Nanomaterials: Advancing Sensing Applications in Biomedical Technology","authors":"Anmol Garg;Sajal Agarwal;Deepak Punetha","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3488787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3488787","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the comparative analysis of different piezoelectric materials through a MEMS-based piezoelectric actuator model, emphasizing their potential for sensing applications. The polarization and electrostrictive strain tensor capabilities have been extensively studied for different piezoelectric materials such as PZT, LiNbO\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000, PVDF, etc. The simulation results obtained at varying voltages and mechanical stress demonstrate that LiNbO\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000 exhibits superior performance among the tested materials, with a polarization value of 0.5163 C/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 at 800 volts and an electrostrictive strain tensor of 0.01 at an applied mechanical stress of 25 MPa. These findings will assist scientists in selecting the most suitable piezoelectric materials for sensing applications in biomedical fields.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10739969","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magnetic solitons hold great promise for token-based computing applications due to their intrinsic properties, including small size, topological stability, ultra-low power manipulation, and potentially ultra-fast operation. In particular, they have been proposed as reliable memory units that enable the execution of various logic tasks with in-situ memory. A critical challenge remains the identification of optimal soliton and efficient manipulation techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the manipulation of two-dimensional solitons, such as skyrmions, domain walls, and vortices, by applied currents. The discovery of novel methods to control magnetic parameters, such as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, through strain, temperature gradients, and applied voltages offers new avenues for energetically efficient manipulation of magnetic structures. In this work, we present a comprehensive study using numerical and analytical methods to investigate the stability and motion of various magnetic textures under the influence of DMI gradients. Our results show that Néel and Bloch-type skyrmions, as well as radial vortices, exhibit motion characterized by finite skyrmion Hall angles, while circular vortices undergo expulsion dynamics. This study provides a deeper and crucial understanding of the stability and gradient-driven dynamics of magnetic solitons, paving the way for the design of scalable spintronics token-based computing devices.
{"title":"Manipulation of 2D and 3D Magnetic Solitons Under the Influence of DMI Gradients","authors":"Rayan Moukhader;Davi Rodrigues;Eleonora Raimondo;Vito Puliafito;Bruno Azzerboni;Mario Carpentieri;Abbass Hamadeh;Giovanni Finocchio;Riccardo Tomasello","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3484568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3484568","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic solitons hold great promise for token-based computing applications due to their intrinsic properties, including small size, topological stability, ultra-low power manipulation, and potentially ultra-fast operation. In particular, they have been proposed as reliable memory units that enable the execution of various logic tasks with in-situ memory. A critical challenge remains the identification of optimal soliton and efficient manipulation techniques. Previous research has primarily focused on the manipulation of two-dimensional solitons, such as skyrmions, domain walls, and vortices, by applied currents. The discovery of novel methods to control magnetic parameters, such as the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, through strain, temperature gradients, and applied voltages offers new avenues for energetically efficient manipulation of magnetic structures. In this work, we present a comprehensive study using numerical and analytical methods to investigate the stability and motion of various magnetic textures under the influence of DMI gradients. Our results show that Néel and Bloch-type skyrmions, as well as radial vortices, exhibit motion characterized by finite skyrmion Hall angles, while circular vortices undergo expulsion dynamics. This study provides a deeper and crucial understanding of the stability and gradient-driven dynamics of magnetic solitons, paving the way for the design of scalable spintronics token-based computing devices.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"68-79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10726665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3484408
Nasih Hma Salah;Baljinder Kaur;Hogr M. Rasul;Yesudasu Vasimalla;Chella Santhosh;Ramachandran Balaji;S. R. Srither;Santosh Kumar
Food safety assurance is crucial, particularly in identifying prohibited colors like brilliant blue (BB) that may pose significant health risks when used in food products. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors provide a reliable, label-free method for highly sensitive detection of food adulterants. In this study, we present a novel gallium sulfide (GaS)-immobilized optical fiber SPR sensor designed for the rapid, real-time detection of BB synthetic dye. The proposed sensor is comprised of a high birefringence layer (HBL) core with non-added formaldehyde (NaF) cladding, silver (Ag) as the plasmonic metal, and GaS for enhanced detection sensitivity. To determine the sensor performance, the wavelength-dependent response was measured at different refractive indices (RIs), together with sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) over the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1000 nm. The parameters were evaluated in a sensing medium consisting of water and BB under concentrations ranging from 10 mM to 600 mM. Moreover, the distribution of electromagnetic fields across the multilayer structures of the sensor, particularly at the interfaces between Ag-GaS and GaS-analytes, was investigated. At a 10 mM concentration, the optimized Ag-GaS-based sensor, consisting of 70 nm Ag and 3 nm GaS layers at an incidence angle of 85°, achieves a maximum sensitivity of 5119.6 nm/RIU and FOM of 255.98 RIU -1 . The obtained results illustrate the sensor has the potential to detect non-approved colors like BB in food items with great sensitivity and accuracy.
食品安全保障至关重要，尤其是在识别像亮蓝（BB）这样的违禁色素方面。表面等离子体共振（SPR）生物传感器为高灵敏度检测食品掺假物质提供了一种可靠的无标记方法。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种新型硫化镓（GaS）固定光纤 SPR 传感器，用于快速、实时检测 BB 合成染料。该传感器由带有无添加甲醛（NaF）包层的高双折射层（HBL）核心、作为质子金属的银（Ag）以及用于提高检测灵敏度的 GaS 组成。为了确定传感器的性能，在 400 纳米到 1000 纳米的波长范围内，测量了不同折射率（RI）下随波长变化的响应，以及灵敏度和优点系数（FOM）。这些参数是在由水和 BB 组成的传感介质（浓度范围为 10 mM 至 600 mM）中进行评估的。此外，还研究了电磁场在传感器多层结构上的分布，特别是在 Ag-GaS 和 GaS-analytes 之间的界面上。在 10 mM 的浓度下，基于 Ag-GaS 的优化传感器由 70 nm 的 Ag 层和 3 nm 的 GaS 层组成，入射角为 85°，最大灵敏度为 5119.6 nm/RIU，FOM 为 255.98 RIU-1。这些结果表明，该传感器可以非常灵敏、准确地检测食品中的非认可色素（如 BB）。
{"title":"Gallium Sulfide-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Sensor for Detection of Brilliant Blue Food Adulteration","authors":"Nasih Hma Salah;Baljinder Kaur;Hogr M. Rasul;Yesudasu Vasimalla;Chella Santhosh;Ramachandran Balaji;S. R. Srither;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3484408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3484408","url":null,"abstract":"Food safety assurance is crucial, particularly in identifying prohibited colors like brilliant blue (BB) that may pose significant health risks when used in food products. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors provide a reliable, label-free method for highly sensitive detection of food adulterants. In this study, we present a novel gallium sulfide (GaS)-immobilized optical fiber SPR sensor designed for the rapid, real-time detection of BB synthetic dye. The proposed sensor is comprised of a high birefringence layer (HBL) core with non-added formaldehyde (NaF) cladding, silver (Ag) as the plasmonic metal, and GaS for enhanced detection sensitivity. To determine the sensor performance, the wavelength-dependent response was measured at different refractive indices (RIs), together with sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) over the wavelength range of 400 nm to 1000 nm. The parameters were evaluated in a sensing medium consisting of water and BB under concentrations ranging from 10 mM to 600 mM. Moreover, the distribution of electromagnetic fields across the multilayer structures of the sensor, particularly at the interfaces between Ag-GaS and GaS-analytes, was investigated. At a 10 mM concentration, the optimized Ag-GaS-based sensor, consisting of 70 nm Ag and 3 nm GaS layers at an incidence angle of 85°, achieves a maximum sensitivity of 5119.6 nm/RIU and FOM of 255.98 RIU\u0000<sup>-1</sup>\u0000. The obtained results illustrate the sensor has the potential to detect non-approved colors like BB in food items with great sensitivity and accuracy.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"98-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10726679","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc nitrate, a toxic substance usually found in industrial waste and agricultural residues, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry due to the poor water quality and harmful aquatic life. Effective monitoring of zinc nitrate contamination is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and also ensures the safety of aquaculture products. This study presents a bismuth-immobilized optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the rapid detection of zinc nitrate contamination. The sensor design incorporates a ZBLAN core, NaF cladding, silver (Ag) as a plasmonic metal, and bismuth (Bi) to enhance detection sensitivity. In our work, we compared the sensor performance of the proposed bismuth-immobilized SPR biosensor with the conventional Ag-based sensor design. The performance of the proposed Ag-Bi sensor model is compared with the conventional Ag-based sensor. To improve the sensitivity and FOM, Ag layer thickness is varied between 50 and 80 nm with respect to the zinc nitrate concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 5%. Using the angular interrogation method, the resonance wavelength shifts are correlated to changes in refractive index (RI). The Bi-immobilized Ag layer achieved a maximum sensitivity of 5680 nm/RIU at 5% zinc nitrate concentration and an FOM of 95.2381 RIU −1 at 1%. While conventional Ag-based sensors attained a maximum sensitivity of 5240 nm/RIU and an FOM of 90.345 RIU −1 at 80 nm Ag thickness. The above results demonstrate that the Ag-Bi layer SPR biosensor is highly suitable for simultaneously detecting zinc nitrate and other heavy metal contaminants in water, providing a cost-effective solution for heavy metal contamination detection in aquatic industry.
{"title":"Bismuth-Immobilized Optical Fiber-Based SPR Nanosensor for Detection of Zinc Nitrate Contamination in Aquaculture Industry","authors":"Yesudasu Vasimalla;Nasih Hma Salah;Baljinder Kaur;Hogr M. Rasul;Chella Santhosh;Ramachandran Balaji;S.R. Srither;Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3479869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3479869","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc nitrate, a toxic substance usually found in industrial waste and agricultural residues, poses a serious threat to the aquaculture industry due to the poor water quality and harmful aquatic life. Effective monitoring of zinc nitrate contamination is essential to protect aquatic ecosystems and also ensures the safety of aquaculture products. This study presents a bismuth-immobilized optical fiber-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for the rapid detection of zinc nitrate contamination. The sensor design incorporates a ZBLAN core, NaF cladding, silver (Ag) as a plasmonic metal, and bismuth (Bi) to enhance detection sensitivity. In our work, we compared the sensor performance of the proposed bismuth-immobilized SPR biosensor with the conventional Ag-based sensor design. The performance of the proposed Ag-Bi sensor model is compared with the conventional Ag-based sensor. To improve the sensitivity and FOM, Ag layer thickness is varied between 50 and 80 nm with respect to the zinc nitrate concentrations of 0%, 1%, and 5%. Using the angular interrogation method, the resonance wavelength shifts are correlated to changes in refractive index (RI). The Bi-immobilized Ag layer achieved a maximum sensitivity of 5680 nm/RIU at 5% zinc nitrate concentration and an FOM of 95.2381 RIU\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000 at 1%. While conventional Ag-based sensors attained a maximum sensitivity of 5240 nm/RIU and an FOM of 90.345 RIU\u0000<sup>−1</sup>\u0000 at 80 nm Ag thickness. The above results demonstrate that the Ag-Bi layer SPR biosensor is highly suitable for simultaneously detecting zinc nitrate and other heavy metal contaminants in water, providing a cost-effective solution for heavy metal contamination detection in aquatic industry.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10715639","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3451954
Zeina Salman;Jin-Woo Kim;Steve Tung
Electrical DNA sequencing has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its simplified sequencing protocol, compact sequencing system, and relatively low sequencing cost. In the design and fabrication of the sequencing device, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene have been explored as a promising sensing material that provides an excellent combination of spatial resolution and base specificity. Using first-principles simulation, we determined the effect on the electrical conductivity of a one-dimensional carbon chain due to the presence of four DNA bases. The simulation results indicate that the interaction between the carbon chain and different DNA bases leads to different levels of conductivity change in the carbon chain. Quantitatively, base A is the most difficult base to detect due to its relatively small current change. Furthermore, the results also show that the relative orientation of the bases with respect to the carbon chain can affect the induced current change in the chain. This information can be used to optimize the structural design of future sequencing devices. Collectively, the first-principles simulation results suggest the integration of a one-dimensional carbon chain with supporting nanofluidic designs can provide a viable approach towards the development of a compact, robust, and high-resolution DNA sequencing system.
近年来，DNA 电测序因其简化的测序方案、紧凑的测序系统和相对较低的测序成本而备受关注。在测序装置的设计和制造过程中，石墨烯等碳基纳米材料作为一种很有前景的传感材料，提供了空间分辨率和碱基特异性的完美结合，受到了广泛的关注。通过第一原理模拟，我们确定了四种 DNA 碱基的存在对一维碳链导电性的影响。模拟结果表明，碳链与不同 DNA 碱基之间的相互作用导致碳链电导率发生不同程度的变化。从数量上看，碱基 A 是最难检测的碱基，因为其电流变化相对较小。此外，研究结果还表明，碱基相对于碳链的相对取向会影响碳链中的诱导电流变化。这些信息可用于优化未来测序装置的结构设计。总之，第一原理模拟结果表明，将一维碳链与支持性纳米流体设计相结合，是开发紧凑、坚固和高分辨率 DNA 测序系统的可行方法。
{"title":"First-Principles Simulation of the Interaction Between DNA Nucleotides and One-Dimensional Carbon Chain in Electrical Based Sequencing","authors":"Zeina Salman;Jin-Woo Kim;Steve Tung","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3451954","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJNANO.2024.3451954","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical DNA sequencing has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its simplified sequencing protocol, compact sequencing system, and relatively low sequencing cost. In the design and fabrication of the sequencing device, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene have been explored as a promising sensing material that provides an excellent combination of spatial resolution and base specificity. Using first-principles simulation, we determined the effect on the electrical conductivity of a one-dimensional carbon chain due to the presence of four DNA bases. The simulation results indicate that the interaction between the carbon chain and different DNA bases leads to different levels of conductivity change in the carbon chain. Quantitatively, base A is the most difficult base to detect due to its relatively small current change. Furthermore, the results also show that the relative orientation of the bases with respect to the carbon chain can affect the induced current change in the chain. This information can be used to optimize the structural design of future sequencing devices. Collectively, the first-principles simulation results suggest the integration of a one-dimensional carbon chain with supporting nanofluidic designs can provide a viable approach towards the development of a compact, robust, and high-resolution DNA sequencing system.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"5 ","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10663936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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