Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3020567
Zarin Tasnim Sandhie;Farid Uddin Ahmed;Masud H. Chowdhury
Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties of the GNRFET, e.g., the ability to control the threshold voltage by changing the width of the GNR. Variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit. This paper introduces a design approach for ternary logic gates and circuits using MOS-type GNRFET. The designs of basic ternary logic gates like inverters, NAND, NOR, and ternary arithmetic circuits like the ternary decoder, 3:1 multiplexer, and ternary half-adder are demonstrated using GNRFET. A comparative analysis of the GNRFET based ternary logic gates and circuits and those based on the conventional CMOS and CNTFET technologies is performed using delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP) as the metrics. The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website.
{"title":"Design of Ternary Logic and Arithmetic Circuits Using GNRFET","authors":"Zarin Tasnim Sandhie;Farid Uddin Ahmed;Masud H. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3020567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3020567","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties of the GNRFET, e.g., the ability to control the threshold voltage by changing the width of the GNR. Variation of the threshold voltage is one of the prescribed techniques to achieve multiple voltage levels to implement the MVL circuit. This paper introduces a design approach for ternary logic gates and circuits using MOS-type GNRFET. The designs of basic ternary logic gates like inverters, NAND, NOR, and ternary arithmetic circuits like the ternary decoder, 3:1 multiplexer, and ternary half-adder are demonstrated using GNRFET. A comparative analysis of the GNRFET based ternary logic gates and circuits and those based on the conventional CMOS and CNTFET technologies is performed using delay, total power, and power-delay-product (PDP) as the metrics. The simulation and analysis are performed using the H-SPICE tool with a GNRFET model available on the Nanohub website.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3020567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3491255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motion monitoring by flexible strain or pressure sensors have been under spotlight in the field of wearable electronics. Based on triboelectric effect, generated energy from body contact and compression during daily movement can be used for both reflecting motion status and energy recollection. Here, we report a stretchable pressure sensor based on triboelectric effect and dots-distributed metallic electrodes, adopting contact-separation mode. The dots-distributed electrode based triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) could be easily integrated with body and cloth, such as on the skin and under foot, to sense a broad range of activity related strain information. The D-TENGs enable accurate detecting a broad range pressure from ∼5 kPa to ∼50 kPa with open circuit voltage variation from several volts to tens of volts, and thus allow monitoring body daily actives such as joints’ bending, walking and running. These devices maintain stable and high-level signal outputs even after thousands cycles of measurement, proving the good stability. Simultaneously, the mechanical energy produced by our body motions could also be recollected by the D-TENG sensor for energy harvesting. Under a constant tapping by finger (39.59 kPa), the induced voltage is sufficient to light up 15 LEDs. The stretchable D-TENG sensor indicates its great potential in motion monitoring and mechanical energy harvesting.
{"title":"Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Motion Monitoring","authors":"Jiahui He;Yiming Liu;Dengfeng Li;Kuanming Yao;Zhan Gao;Xinge Yu","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3019425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3019425","url":null,"abstract":"Motion monitoring by flexible strain or pressure sensors have been under spotlight in the field of wearable electronics. Based on triboelectric effect, generated energy from body contact and compression during daily movement can be used for both reflecting motion status and energy recollection. Here, we report a stretchable pressure sensor based on triboelectric effect and dots-distributed metallic electrodes, adopting contact-separation mode. The dots-distributed electrode based triboelectric nanogenerator (D-TENG) could be easily integrated with body and cloth, such as on the skin and under foot, to sense a broad range of activity related strain information. The D-TENGs enable accurate detecting a broad range pressure from ∼5 kPa to ∼50 kPa with open circuit voltage variation from several volts to tens of volts, and thus allow monitoring body daily actives such as joints’ bending, walking and running. These devices maintain stable and high-level signal outputs even after thousands cycles of measurement, proving the good stability. Simultaneously, the mechanical energy produced by our body motions could also be recollected by the D-TENG sensor for energy harvesting. Under a constant tapping by finger (39.59 kPa), the induced voltage is sufficient to light up 15 LEDs. The stretchable D-TENG sensor indicates its great potential in motion monitoring and mechanical energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3019425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3514215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3013431
Boliang Jia;Pan Li;Feifei Wang;Ho Yin Chan;Guanglie Zhang;Wen Jung Li
Microsphere-assisted nanoscopy has shown great potential in recent developments in the field of super-resolution imaging. The precise control of microspheres is leading to new discoveries that can help verify the theories behind the super-resolution imaging mechanism. However, microsphere imaging involves multiple planes that have different magnification factors, which affect the determination of the overall resolution of the image. In this study, we present a flexible probe-lens assembly scheme that uses a barium titanate glass microsphere, as well as various scanning stages that can be used to freely investigate the sample surface and perform large-area super-resolution imaging (80 μm × 60 μm). The obtained resolution using this assembly under water immersion condition is 130 nm. By investigating the relationship between the magnification factors and the corresponding focus position of the different feature patterns, a remarkable difference in the focusing characteristics between arbitrary and periodic patterns was revealed. Results demonstrate the universality of the proposed method for the quantitative selection of the best focused plane and determination of the corresponding magnification factor and resolution of a microsphere virtual image for any feature pattern. The findings provide additional insights into the interpretation of arbitrary nanostructures through 3D optical imaging.
{"title":"Determination of Microsphere-Lens Magnification Using Micro-Robotic Scanning Superlens Nanoscopy","authors":"Boliang Jia;Pan Li;Feifei Wang;Ho Yin Chan;Guanglie Zhang;Wen Jung Li","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3013431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3013431","url":null,"abstract":"Microsphere-assisted nanoscopy has shown great potential in recent developments in the field of super-resolution imaging. The precise control of microspheres is leading to new discoveries that can help verify the theories behind the super-resolution imaging mechanism. However, microsphere imaging involves multiple planes that have different magnification factors, which affect the determination of the overall resolution of the image. In this study, we present a flexible probe-lens assembly scheme that uses a barium titanate glass microsphere, as well as various scanning stages that can be used to freely investigate the sample surface and perform large-area super-resolution imaging (80 μm × 60 μm). The obtained resolution using this assembly under water immersion condition is 130 nm. By investigating the relationship between the magnification factors and the corresponding focus position of the different feature patterns, a remarkable difference in the focusing characteristics between arbitrary and periodic patterns was revealed. Results demonstrate the universality of the proposed method for the quantitative selection of the best focused plane and determination of the corresponding magnification factor and resolution of a microsphere virtual image for any feature pattern. The findings provide additional insights into the interpretation of arbitrary nanostructures through 3D optical imaging.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3013431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3490310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-23DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3011637
Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
The search for a binary switch that is more energy-efficient than a transistor has led to many ideas, notable among which is the notion of using a nanomagnet with two stable magnetization orientations that will encode the binary bits 0 and 1. The nanomagnet is switched between them with electrically generated mechanical strain. A tiny amount of voltage is required for switching, with energy dissipation on the order of a few to few tens of aJ. Logic gates and memory, predicated on this technology, have been demonstrated in our group. While they indeed dissipate very little energy, they are unfortunately plagued by unacceptably high switching error probability that hinders their application in most types of Boolean logic. Fortunately, they can still be used in applications that are more forgiving of switching errors, e.g. probabilistic computing, analog arithmetic circuits, belief networks, artificial neurons, restricted Boltzmann machines, image processing, and others where the collective activity of many devices acting cooperatively elicit the computing or signal processing function and the failure of a single or few devices does not matter critically. These ultra-energy-efficient strain-switched nanomagnets can also be used for non-computing devices such as microwave oscillators that perform better than spin-torque-nano-oscillators. This short review provides an introduction to this exciting burgeoning field.
{"title":"Straintronics: Digital and Analog Electronics With Strain-Switched Nanomagnets","authors":"Supriyo Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3011637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3011637","url":null,"abstract":"The search for a binary switch that is more energy-efficient than a transistor has led to many ideas, notable among which is the notion of using a nanomagnet with two stable magnetization orientations that will encode the binary bits 0 and 1. The nanomagnet is switched between them with electrically generated mechanical strain. A tiny amount of voltage is required for switching, with energy dissipation on the order of a few to few tens of aJ. Logic gates and memory, predicated on this technology, have been demonstrated in our group. While they indeed dissipate very little energy, they are unfortunately plagued by unacceptably high switching error probability that hinders their application in most types of Boolean logic. Fortunately, they can still be used in applications that are more forgiving of switching errors, e.g. probabilistic computing, analog arithmetic circuits, belief networks, artificial neurons, restricted Boltzmann machines, image processing, and others where the collective activity of many devices acting cooperatively elicit the computing or signal processing function and the failure of a single or few devices does not matter critically. These ultra-energy-efficient strain-switched nanomagnets can also be used for non-computing devices such as microwave oscillators that perform better than spin-torque-nano-oscillators. This short review provides an introduction to this exciting burgeoning field.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3011637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3504936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3009882
Rahul Ramamurti;Ram P. Gandhiraman;Arlene Lopez;Pranay Doshi;Dennis Nordlund;Beomseok Kim;M. Meyyappan
An atmospheric pressure plasma based printer is described as an alternative to conventional techniques including inkjet printing. The approach is demonstrated to be capable of printing various nanomaterials, and adjusting the plasma parameters, carrier gas flows and the physical parameters of the inks or nanomaterial suspensions can optimize the print quality. Raman analysis was used to characterize the oxide materials and carbon nanotubes printed using this technique, revealing high quality prints. The printed carbon nanotubes were used in a gas sensor chip and shown to provide good ammonia detection capability.
{"title":"Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Printing of Nanomaterials for <italic>IoT</italic> Applications","authors":"Rahul Ramamurti;Ram P. Gandhiraman;Arlene Lopez;Pranay Doshi;Dennis Nordlund;Beomseok Kim;M. Meyyappan","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3009882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3009882","url":null,"abstract":"An atmospheric pressure plasma based printer is described as an alternative to conventional techniques including inkjet printing. The approach is demonstrated to be capable of printing various nanomaterials, and adjusting the plasma parameters, carrier gas flows and the physical parameters of the inks or nanomaterial suspensions can optimize the print quality. Raman analysis was used to characterize the oxide materials and carbon nanotubes printed using this technique, revealing high quality prints. The printed carbon nanotubes were used in a gas sensor chip and shown to provide good ammonia detection capability.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.3009882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3500261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work comprises of design and simulation of multi-channel line tunnel field-effect transistors (mCLTFETs) by scaling inter-gate separation (IGS) and overlapped source (L OV ). The scope of the work is to explore the performance boost and optimization of the studied devices by considering geometrical structures, low-bandgap materials, IGS and L OV of the mCLTFETs. The structure is designed without diminishing the subthreshold swing (SS) and the leakage currents through a spacer technology and strained Si 0.6 Ge 0.4 . The optimal values of IGS and L OV for the multi-channel concept are estimated subject to several physical constraints of the proposed device. An IGS ≈ 10 nm and a L OV ≈ L G /2 are reported as suitable choice for sub-8-nm technological nodes, where SS = 18 mV/dec and I on /I off = 10 9 are achieved.
{"title":"Optimal Inter-Gate Separation and Overlapped Source of Multi-Channel Line Tunnel FETs","authors":"Narasimhulu Thoti;Yiming Li;Sekhar Reddy Kola;Seiji Samukawa","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2998939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2998939","url":null,"abstract":"This work comprises of design and simulation of multi-channel line tunnel field-effect transistors (mCLTFETs) by scaling inter-gate separation (IGS) and overlapped source (L\u0000<sub>OV</sub>\u0000). The scope of the work is to explore the performance boost and optimization of the studied devices by considering geometrical structures, low-bandgap materials, IGS and L\u0000<sub>OV</sub>\u0000 of the mCLTFETs. The structure is designed without diminishing the subthreshold swing (SS) and the leakage currents through a spacer technology and strained Si\u0000<sub>0.6</sub>\u0000Ge\u0000<sub>0.4</sub>\u0000. The optimal values of IGS and L\u0000<sub>OV</sub>\u0000 for the multi-channel concept are estimated subject to several physical constraints of the proposed device. An IGS ≈ 10 nm and a L\u0000<sub>OV</sub>\u0000 ≈ L\u0000<sub>G</sub>\u0000/2 are reported as suitable choice for sub-8-nm technological nodes, where SS = 18 mV/dec and I\u0000<sub>on</sub>\u0000/I\u0000<sub>off</sub>\u0000 = 10\u0000<sup>9</sup>\u0000 are achieved.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2998939","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3500256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-25DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2997296
Sandeep Punj;Deepika Sidhu;Dhruva Bhattacharya;Mingwu Wang;Pak Kin Wong
Cytokines are multifunctional chemical messengers produced in response to stimuli for regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Rapid detection of cytokines in physiological fluids will enable precision management of diseases, such as dry eye, postoperative infections, graft versus host reactions in organ transplant, and cancer. In this study, we present a portable electrochemical biosensor with electrokinetic enhancement for rapid detection of interleukin-6 in conductive fluids, including phosphate buffered saline, contrived tears, and human blood plasma. The multiplex electrochemical biosensor incorporates self-assembled monolayers and an enzymatic amplification cycle to achieve sensitive and specific detection of cytokine biomarkers. We establish electrokinetic enhancement by Joule-heating induced temperature rise and electrothermal fluid motion on the sensor surface for enhancing molecular advection and reaction kinetics, which overcomes major limiting factors of point-of-care immunoanalysis systems. By investigating the thermal and electrochemical characteristics of the system, we optimize the assay time and the signal-to-noise ratio of the biosensor for rapid immunoanalysis of physiological fluids. With its effectiveness and outstanding performance, the electrokinetics enhanced electrochemical biosensor provides a versatile platform for rapid immunoanalysis valuable for precision disease diagnosis and monitoring.
{"title":"An Electrochemical Biosensor Platform for Rapid Immunoanalysis of Physiological Fluids","authors":"Sandeep Punj;Deepika Sidhu;Dhruva Bhattacharya;Mingwu Wang;Pak Kin Wong","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2997296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2997296","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokines are multifunctional chemical messengers produced in response to stimuli for regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Rapid detection of cytokines in physiological fluids will enable precision management of diseases, such as dry eye, postoperative infections, graft versus host reactions in organ transplant, and cancer. In this study, we present a portable electrochemical biosensor with electrokinetic enhancement for rapid detection of interleukin-6 in conductive fluids, including phosphate buffered saline, contrived tears, and human blood plasma. The multiplex electrochemical biosensor incorporates self-assembled monolayers and an enzymatic amplification cycle to achieve sensitive and specific detection of cytokine biomarkers. We establish electrokinetic enhancement by Joule-heating induced temperature rise and electrothermal fluid motion on the sensor surface for enhancing molecular advection and reaction kinetics, which overcomes major limiting factors of point-of-care immunoanalysis systems. By investigating the thermal and electrochemical characteristics of the system, we optimize the assay time and the signal-to-noise ratio of the biosensor for rapid immunoanalysis of physiological fluids. With its effectiveness and outstanding performance, the electrokinetics enhanced electrochemical biosensor provides a versatile platform for rapid immunoanalysis valuable for precision disease diagnosis and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2997296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3517576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2981824
Qianqian Wang;Li Zhang
The rapid development of untethered micro/nanorobots enables them to be applied in biomedical tasks, such as targeted delivery, localized diagnostics, and minimally invasive surgery. However, many challenges remain before applying these tiny machines to perform therapeutics and intervention in a living body. Among them, one critical issue is the integration of medical imaging systems with micro/nanorobotics to acquire precise feedback in vivo. Ultrasound imaging, as one of the widely used mature imaging technologies, shows great potential for providing real-time feedback of micro/nanorobots in 2-D and 3-D space. In this mini-review, the recent progress and challenges on the imaging and tracking of micro/nanorobots using established medical ultrasound imaging technologies are surveyed and summarized. The limitations together with future research opportunities in the real-time navigation of micro/nanorobots in vivo and their collectives are discussed.
{"title":"Ultrasound Imaging and Tracking of Micro/Nanorobots: From Individual to Collectives","authors":"Qianqian Wang;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2981824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2981824","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of untethered micro/nanorobots enables them to be applied in biomedical tasks, such as targeted delivery, localized diagnostics, and minimally invasive surgery. However, many challenges remain before applying these tiny machines to perform therapeutics and intervention in a living body. Among them, one critical issue is the integration of medical imaging systems with micro/nanorobotics to acquire precise feedback in vivo. Ultrasound imaging, as one of the widely used mature imaging technologies, shows great potential for providing real-time feedback of micro/nanorobots in 2-D and 3-D space. In this mini-review, the recent progress and challenges on the imaging and tracking of micro/nanorobots using established medical ultrasound imaging technologies are surveyed and summarized. The limitations together with future research opportunities in the real-time navigation of micro/nanorobots in vivo and their collectives are discussed.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2981824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3483025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2995262
Michael R. Gasper;Ryan C. Toonen;Nicholas C. Varaljay;Robert R. Romanofsky;Félix A. Miranda
Commercially available, chemical vapor deposition grown, graphene has been used to realize voltage-gate tunable, microwave power detectors. Corbino disc structures with chrome/gold contacts have been fabricated on top of graphene deposited on P-type silicon substrates with silicon dioxide gate oxides. Devices of varying sizes were used to detect a 433.92 MHz signal. These test structures exhibited a peak power detection sensitivity of 3.25 mV/mW at 292 K and 5.43 mV/mW at 80 K. The improved graphene detectors exceed the sensitivity of previously reported graphene detectors, 0.86 mV/mW, as well as previously explored carbon nanotube bolometers, 0.36 mV/mW.
{"title":"Microwave Power Detection With Voltage-Gated Graphene","authors":"Michael R. Gasper;Ryan C. Toonen;Nicholas C. Varaljay;Robert R. Romanofsky;Félix A. Miranda","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2995262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2995262","url":null,"abstract":"Commercially available, chemical vapor deposition grown, graphene has been used to realize voltage-gate tunable, microwave power detectors. Corbino disc structures with chrome/gold contacts have been fabricated on top of graphene deposited on P-type silicon substrates with silicon dioxide gate oxides. Devices of varying sizes were used to detect a 433.92 MHz signal. These test structures exhibited a peak power detection sensitivity of 3.25 mV/mW at 292 K and 5.43 mV/mW at 80 K. The improved graphene detectors exceed the sensitivity of previously reported graphene detectors, 0.86 mV/mW, as well as previously explored carbon nanotube bolometers, 0.36 mV/mW.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2995262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3504935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We fabricated a highly water-repellent quartz nanopillar (NP) structure to investigate the effect of varying the contact angle (CA) by using 10-nm-order gaps and 10-nm-diameter NPs. Gaps from 15 to 30 nm led to CAs of more than 100°, showing hydrophobicity, to a maximum of 105°. The mechanism of repelling water on quartz could be explained by the Cassie-Baxter model with a filling factor. A gap of more than 30 nm fills with water due to capillarity, but a gap of less than 30 nm causes water to be repelled by air. We were able to repeatedly fabricate a quartz NP structure with a controllable gap by using a combination of a bio-template and neutral-beam etching and found this structure to be highly water-repellent. The structure has high durability and optical transparency. As a result, we conclude that it can be used in sensors and lenses on various devices such as cameras and radars.
{"title":"Highly Water-Repellent Nanostructure on Quartz Surface Based on Cassie-Baxter Model With Filling Factor","authors":"Daisuke Ohori;Sou Takeuchi;Masahiro Sota;Teruhisa Ishida;Yiming Li;Jenn-Hwan Tarng;Kazuhiko Endo;Seiji Samukawa","doi":"10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2980629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2980629","url":null,"abstract":"We fabricated a highly water-repellent quartz nanopillar (NP) structure to investigate the effect of varying the contact angle (CA) by using 10-nm-order gaps and 10-nm-diameter NPs. Gaps from 15 to 30 nm led to CAs of more than 100°, showing hydrophobicity, to a maximum of 105°. The mechanism of repelling water on quartz could be explained by the Cassie-Baxter model with a filling factor. A gap of more than 30 nm fills with water due to capillarity, but a gap of less than 30 nm causes water to be repelled by air. We were able to repeatedly fabricate a quartz NP structure with a controllable gap by using a combination of a bio-template and neutral-beam etching and found this structure to be highly water-repellent. The structure has high durability and optical transparency. As a result, we conclude that it can be used in sensors and lenses on various devices such as cameras and radars.","PeriodicalId":446,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1109/OJNANO.2020.2980629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3483019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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