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Urban Design and Planning: Referees 2022 城市设计与规划:评审2022
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.2023.176.1.48
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引用次数: 0
Award-winning paper in 2021 2021年获奖论文
Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.2023.176.1.47
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引用次数: 0
Exploring austerity and planning reforms: insight from UK stakeholders 探索紧缩和规划改革:来自英国利益相关者的见解
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.21.00048
Vincent Onyango, Husam Al Waer, P. Gazzola, Mohammad Radfar
This paper explores the extent to which UK planning system reforms introduced during austerity affected the expectations, purposes and outcomes for and of planning. The perspectives of UK-wide planning system stakeholders were sought and collected through an extensive questionnaire. The findings indicate that though most reforms were welcomed in principle, the anticipated benefits had not been delivered. Instead, a loss of experienced staff and capacity, and the favouring of a neoliberal ideology that inadvertently constrained the purposes and delivery of the reforms, affecting in turn, planning's evolving raison d’être, occurred. With frequent mentioning of austerity as a needed tool for financial management, given the current national economic conditions e.g., in the UK (living cost crisis, post covid need for economic growth, public funding of facilities), the relevance of this paper is in warning about the risks towards planning reforms, that must now be more precautionary, and more evidence driven, during austerity.
本文探讨了紧缩期间引入的英国规划系统改革对规划的期望、目的和结果的影响程度。通过广泛的问卷调查,寻求并收集了英国范围内规划系统利益相关者的观点。调查结果表明,虽然大多数改革在原则上受到欢迎,但预期的好处并没有实现。相反,经验丰富的工作人员和能力的丧失,以及对新自由主义意识形态的青睐,无意间限制了改革的目的和实施,反过来影响了规划不断演变的être理由。鉴于当前的国家经济状况,例如在英国(生活成本危机、后疫情对经济增长的需求、设施的公共资金),经常提到紧缩是财务管理的必要工具,本文的相关性在于警告计划改革的风险,现在必须在紧缩期间更加预防,更多的证据驱动。
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引用次数: 2
Exploring the dilapidated neighborhood improvement using child-friendly city principles in Tehran, Iran 利用儿童友好城市原则探索伊朗德黑兰破旧社区的改善
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.21.00035
Azin Alipour Tabrizi, Seyed Mostafa Mousavi, Arash Taqipour Akhtari
Tehran's urban management approach has changed from large to small-scale projects in the new period due to the increase in the amount of semi-finished projects and the municipality's budget shortage. The target was to change the concept of “city as a site of permanent construction” to “neighborhoods’ improvement” through which citizens can experience tranquility and stability. Besides, there is a growing concern about the children being exposed to different types of urban problems and providing them with their essential needs in public places in the cities of Iran. Therefore, the municipality subjected dilapidated neighborhoods, focusing on child-friendly small-scale projects. The present study aims to analyze the success of a project named Colorful Alley in the Dastgheib neighborhood in Tehran, Iran. In this regard, the related literature of child-friendly cities was reviewed. Then, the questionnaire was designed based on the conceptual model, to determine the inhabitants’ perceptions. The data analysis includes the Friedman test to determine the ranking between the project's successful aspects and the Correlation test to identify the impact of improving one dimension on the other. The results show a positive response among inhabitants of Colorful Alley. The analyzing criteria include the five successful aspects of collective memory, identity, livability, presence, and distinction. The result confirmed that improving visual-perceptual criteria has a direct and strong correlation with improving social or procedural criteria. In fact, child-friendly city principles can be deemed as a catalyst for improving poor neighborhoods.
由于半成品项目数量的增加和市政预算短缺,新时期德黑兰的城市管理方式从大型项目转变为小型项目。目标是将“城市作为永久建设场所”的概念转变为“社区的改善”,通过它,市民可以体验宁静和稳定。此外,人们越来越关注儿童面临不同类型的城市问题,并在伊朗城市的公共场所为他们提供基本需求。因此,市政当局对破旧的社区进行改造,重点开展儿童友好型小型项目。本研究旨在分析伊朗德黑兰达斯特盖布社区一个名为“五彩小巷”的项目的成功之处。在这方面,对儿童友好型城市的相关文献进行了回顾。然后,根据概念模型设计问卷,确定居民的感知。数据分析包括弗里德曼测试,以确定项目成功方面之间的排名和相关性测试,以确定改善一个维度对另一个维度的影响。结果显示,“五彩小巷”的居民对此反应积极。分析标准包括五个成功的方面:集体记忆、身份、宜居性、存在和区别。结果证实,改善视觉感知标准与改善社会或程序标准有直接和强烈的相关性。事实上,儿童友好型城市原则可以被视为改善贫困社区的催化剂。
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引用次数: 2
Measuring congestion at road-diet reductions using probe vehicle data 使用探针车辆数据测量道路饮食减少的拥堵情况
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.21.00049
Bryan A. Remache-Patino, Daniel J. Comeau, Thomas M. Brennan, Seri Park
Road diets provide a means to reduce traffic speeds and promote alternative travel modes within the United States. Throughout the state of New Jersey there are approximately 50 existing road diets with more planned. While research has shown that road diets improve safety, no defined means to measure their long-term impact on traffic flow were found. This paper explores some new and existing means for applying intelligent transportation techniques to quantify long-term congestion changes through commercial anonymous probe vehicle (APV) speed data, the annual average daily traffic and other factors. Two case studies are used to evaluate congestion performance metrics, analysing 8 million APV speed records. Although there are a number of variables to consider, this preliminary research establishes a base measure for evaluating the pre- and post-road-diet impact on traffic flow.
在美国,道路节食提供了一种降低交通速度和促进替代出行方式的手段。在整个新泽西州,大约有50个现有的道路节食计划,还有更多的计划。虽然研究表明,道路瘦身可以提高安全性,但没有找到明确的方法来衡量它们对交通流量的长期影响。本文通过商业匿名探测车(APV)速度数据、年平均日交通量等因素,探讨了应用智能交通技术量化长期拥堵变化的一些新的和现有的手段。两个案例研究用于评估拥堵性能指标,分析了800万APV速度记录。虽然有许多变量需要考虑,但这项初步研究为评估道路节食前后对交通流量的影响建立了一个基础措施。
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引用次数: 1
Developing evening landscapes: A comparison of the restorative quality of urban green spaces between the evening and daytime 发展夜间景观:城市绿地在夜间和日间的恢复性质量比较
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.22.00024
Jingwei Zhao, Guohua Liu, Xintao Li
Research on the restorative quality of environments has grown rapidly, however the majority of existing literature focuses on daytime landscapes, while the restorative quality of evening landscapes is less studied. In particular, the landscape characteristics and(or) lighting features that play an essential role in improving the restorative quality of nightscapes are unknown. To address these gaps, 12 urban green spaces were selected as the study sites and the same scene at each site was photographed during the day and evening. The restorative quality and 14 landscape characteristics of all photographs were evaluated quantitatively, and four lighting features of photographs taken during the evening were measured. Statistical analysis indicated that: (1) the restorative quality of daytime landscapes was significantly higher than that of evening landscapes; (2) abundant colors and natural vegetation suggested higher restorative quality during the daytime; and (3) increasing the brightness of lighting and setting lighting sources in the distant view of visitors could improve the restorative quality of evening landscapes. Combined with the previous literature, the results suggest that lighting has the ability to redesign nightscapes, which consequently improves their restorative quality by concealing the less restorative features and illuminating the key elements to promote mental restoration.
环境恢复性质量的研究迅速发展,但现有文献大多集中于白天景观,而对夜晚景观恢复性质量的研究较少。特别是,景观特征和(或)照明特征在提高夜景的恢复性质量中起着至关重要的作用,这是未知的。为了解决这些差距,我们选择了12个城市绿地作为研究地点,并在白天和晚上拍摄了每个地点的相同场景。定量评价了所有照片的恢复质量和14个景观特征,并测量了夜间拍摄照片的4个照明特征。统计分析表明:(1)白天景观的恢复质量显著高于夜晚景观;(2)丰富的色彩和自然植被表明白天的恢复质量较高;(3)提高照明亮度,在游人远视设置光源,可提高夜间景观的恢复性质量。结合以往的文献,结果表明,照明具有重新设计夜景的能力,从而通过掩盖不那么恢复性的特征和照亮促进精神恢复的关键要素来提高夜景的恢复性质量。
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引用次数: 1
Land-Use Mix Intensity and Open Space Ratio towards Sustainable Urban Form: Spatio-Temporal Transformation of Cities from Sub Saharan Africa Perspective 面向可持续城市形态的土地利用组合强度和开放空间比例:撒哈拉以南非洲城市的时空变迁
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.22.00014
S. Zelelew, Z. Mamo
A sustainable urban form needs accommodate a mix of varied compatible land uses with ample open space ratio though going through transformation. This study, thus, aims to examine the sustainability of land-use transformation patterns from Sub-Saharan African cities’ perspective. It also analyzes consequences of formal planning interventions and organic developments on open space ratio both in the inner city and the periphery. Hence, land-use mix and open space ratio are compared over time at both plot and neighborhood levels, which are both scholarly and practical. The research covers six cases from three morphological periods. Results indicate that the intensity of mixed-land use declined over time at plot levels, while the figure increased at neighborhood levels. Besides, moving from historic cores to peripheries reduces the intensity of mixed-land use at the neighborhood level. Across years, the intensity of mixed-land use showed a decreasing trend reflecting a reduction in the sustainable urban form. To avert this, cities need to integrate practices and principles of both organic development and formal planning endeavors. In addition, ensuring mixity and the existence of ample open space ratio helps to improve sustainability both at plot and neighborhood levels.
一个可持续发展的城市形态需要通过改造来容纳各种兼容的土地用途和充足的开放空间比例。因此,本研究旨在从撒哈拉以南非洲城市的角度考察土地利用转变模式的可持续性。本文还分析了正式规划干预和有机发展对城市内部和外围开放空间比例的影响。因此,土地利用组合和开放空间比例随时间的变化在地块和社区层面进行比较,这既有学术意义,也有实际意义。研究涵盖了三个形态时期的六个案例。结果表明,混合土地利用强度随时间的推移在地块水平上呈下降趋势,而在小区水平上呈上升趋势。此外,从历史中心向周边转移减少了社区一级混合土地使用的强度。多年来,混合土地利用强度呈下降趋势,反映了可持续城市形态的减少。为了避免这种情况,城市需要将有机发展和正式规划的实践和原则结合起来。此外,确保混合和充足开放空间比例的存在有助于提高地块和社区层面的可持续性。
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引用次数: 2
Multi- and interdisciplinary design of urban infrastructure development 城市基础设施发展的多学科交叉设计
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.21.00019
F. Hooimeijer, J. Bricker, A. Pel, A. Brand, F. V. D. van de Ven, A. Askarinejad
The demand for a more conscious and integrating design process within the field of urban infrastructure development is based in the fact that the environmental crisis can only be dealt with by increasing the resilience of the built environment. Civil engineering and spatial design are fields with very different cultures and languages, yet interdisciplinary cooperation between these fields, as well as among sub-disciplines within each, is at the base of urban infrastructure development. Delft University of Technology (TUD) incorporated interdisciplinary design into its MSc-level education of students in the faculties of civil engineering and architecture focusing on reconstruction projects after crises. Via surveys of the participating students, the effectiveness of the interdisciplinary design methods used, and the interpretation of the terms multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary are revealed. From survey results about Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary understanding it can be concluded that “multidisciplinary” is considered a group process and not an outcome, and mainly communication skills are important. “Interdisciplinary” is considered the outcome and intertwining of knowledge and products. Interdisciplinary design is the integration of sectoral responsibilities, goals and solutions. Interdisciplinary design should entail a conscious and orchestrated process in which the disciplines present their ideas within a shared value system before systematic integration. The challenges are on a personal and cognitive level, an open attitude is necessary to be able to perceive and react, process and understand, retrieve information and make decisions and produce appropriate responses for co-creation. This can be done by training and learning the value of this open attitude and the acknowledgement of the necessity and added quality of the re-integration of engineering within the spatial design process.
在城市基础设施发展领域,对更加有意识和整合的设计过程的需求是基于这样一个事实,即环境危机只能通过增加建筑环境的弹性来解决。土木工程和空间设计是具有非常不同文化和语言的领域,但这些领域之间以及每个领域内的子学科之间的跨学科合作是城市基础设施发展的基础。代尔夫特理工大学(TUD)将跨学科设计纳入其土木工程和建筑学院的硕士学位教育中,专注于危机后的重建项目。通过对参与的学生的调查,揭示了跨学科设计方法的有效性,以及对多学科和跨学科术语的解释。从关于多学科和跨学科理解的调查结果可以得出结论,“多学科”被认为是一个群体过程,而不是一个结果,主要是沟通技巧是重要的。“跨学科”被认为是知识和产品的结果和相互交织。跨学科设计是部门责任、目标和解决方案的整合。跨学科设计需要一个有意识的、精心策划的过程,在这个过程中,学科在系统整合之前,在一个共同的价值体系中展示他们的想法。挑战是在个人和认知层面上的,一个开放的态度是必要的,能够感知和反应,处理和理解,检索信息,做出决定,并为共同创造产生适当的反应。这可以通过培训和学习这种开放态度的价值,以及承认在空间设计过程中重新整合工程的必要性和附加质量来实现。
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引用次数: 3
Ecosystem services valuation in developing countries: a review of methods and applicability approach 发展中国家生态系统服务价值评估:方法和适用性方法综述
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.21.00045
Coral Zayreth Morando-Figueroa, Carlos Salazar-Briones, José Mizael Ruiz-Gibert, Marcelo A. Lomeli-Banda
Urban growth has compromised the capacity of Ecosystem Services (ES), causing impacts such as degradation, urban heat islands, climate change, and floods. Valuing ES can help improve their condition and management through political and urban planning instruments. The present study was developed by reviewing the literature using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) disclosure guidelines to identify ES valuation methods based on the Total Economic Value (TEV) framework. The literature review included 117 articles that a) were based on the TEV framework and b) offered a quantitative result. The results show that: a) 52 studies evaluated more than one ES and that the regulation service is the most investigated, b) the contingent valuation method is the most used and the least used was the production function, and c) that 78 of the 117 studies conclude with proposals for the implementation of public policies, of which conservation, protection, and restoration policies are the most important and the method most used for public proposals was the contingent valuation method. It is essential to mention that implementing ES valuation in urban planning benefits users and ecosystems.
城市增长削弱了生态系统服务(ES)的能力,造成了退化、城市热岛、气候变化和洪水等影响。重视生态环境可以通过政治和城市规划手段帮助改善其状况和管理。本研究是通过使用PRISMA(系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目)披露指南来回顾文献,以确定基于总经济价值(TEV)框架的ES评估方法。文献综述包括117篇文章,a)基于TEV框架,b)提供定量结果。结果表明:52项研究评价了多个ES,其中监管服务被调查最多;b)条件价值法使用最多,生产函数使用最少;c) 117项研究中有78项研究总结了公共政策的实施建议,其中保护、保护和恢复政策最重要,公共建议使用最多的方法是条件价值法。必须提到的是,在城市规划中实施环境评价有利于用户和生态系统。
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引用次数: 2
The introduction of a gamified platform to enhance museum visiting experience, with a focus on the small and mid-sized Milanese Museums 引入游戏化平台,提升博物馆参观体验,重点关注中小型米兰博物馆
IF 1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.1680/jurdp.22.00007
Vida Abbasi
The application of gamification in the tourism industry is nothing new; nevertheless, it has not been broadly utilized. This paper seeks to propose a mobile platform using gamification with a focus on the pre-visit museum visiting experience. Additionally, this platform deploys a gamified mechanism to make the visit to the museums [in Milan] more effective for the local visitors and more efficient for the providers; that is to say, it strikes a balance between different museum visits in terms of the number of visitors focusing on small and mid-sized venues—the venues that are more susceptible to the financial crisis. Direct communication with museums of interest was picked as the main methodology to gather the required numerical data to calculate museums’ financial performance.
游戏化在旅游业中的应用并不是什么新鲜事;然而,它并没有得到广泛利用。本文试图提出一个使用游戏化的移动平台,重点关注参观前的博物馆参观体验。此外,该平台部署了一个游戏化机制,使参观[米兰]的博物馆对当地游客更有效,对供应商也更有效;也就是说,它在不同的博物馆参观人数之间取得了平衡,因为中小型场馆的游客数量更容易受到金融危机的影响。与感兴趣的博物馆直接沟通是收集所需数字数据以计算博物馆财务绩效的主要方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning
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