T. V. Sorokovikova, A. Morozov, K. Aleksanyan, Yu. I. Kovalchuk, V. V. Frolova
Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain. There are many risk factors and causes of this disease, but it is known that the peak incidence occurs in the first year of a child's life. This is due to the fact that this pathology in most cases is the outcome of perinatal damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which has a hypoxic-ischemic genesis. Hemodynamic disturbances that occur in hypoxia lead to various metabolic shifts, which is subsequently accompanied by neuronal damage and reduced inhibitory influence over all processes. Based on the analysis of literature data, we studied the mechanisms of development of this disease, peculiarities of its course, and differential diagnostic features of epileptic seizures caused by hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions.
{"title":"Epileptic seizures caused by hypoxic-ischemic damage to the central nervous system","authors":"T. V. Sorokovikova, A. Morozov, K. Aleksanyan, Yu. I. Kovalchuk, V. V. Frolova","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-11","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the brain. There are many risk factors and causes of this disease, but it is known that the peak incidence occurs in the first year of a child's life. This is due to the fact that this pathology in most cases is the outcome of perinatal damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which has a hypoxic-ischemic genesis. Hemodynamic disturbances that occur in hypoxia lead to various metabolic shifts, which is subsequently accompanied by neuronal damage and reduced inhibitory influence over all processes. Based on the analysis of literature data, we studied the mechanisms of development of this disease, peculiarities of its course, and differential diagnostic features of epileptic seizures caused by hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In most nations, cerebral palsy, which af fects 1 in 500 newborns and has an estimated incidence of 17 million people globally, is the most frequent cause of childhood-onset, lifelong physical disability. The term «cerebral palsy» refers to a group of children that share characteristics of a non-progressive brain injury or lesion that was sustained during antenatal, perinatal, or early postnatal life rather than a disease entity in the traditional sense. The type of movement abnormality, the degree of functional capacity and limitation, and the body areas affected vary widely among the clinical symptoms of cerebral palsy. Although there is presently no cure for brain injury, efforts to prevent and treat it are progressing. Although cerebral palsy affects people for their whole lives, the majority of research efforts and management techniques for the condition currently concentrate on the needs of children. The treatments discovered included nanomedicine, stem cell therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and medicinal and surgical techniques. Further research is required to adapt therapies like cord blood therapy, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy in clinical settings.
{"title":"Cerebral palsy, diagnosis and modern treatment (literature review)","authors":"S. K. Badu","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-06","url":null,"abstract":"In most nations, cerebral palsy, which af fects 1 in 500 newborns and has an estimated incidence of 17 million people globally, is the most frequent cause of childhood-onset, lifelong physical disability. The term «cerebral palsy» refers to a group of children that share characteristics of a non-progressive brain injury or lesion that was sustained during antenatal, perinatal, or early postnatal life rather than a disease entity in the traditional sense. The type of movement abnormality, the degree of functional capacity and limitation, and the body areas affected vary widely among the clinical symptoms of cerebral palsy. Although there is presently no cure for brain injury, efforts to prevent and treat it are progressing. Although cerebral palsy affects people for their whole lives, the majority of research efforts and management techniques for the condition currently concentrate on the needs of children. The treatments discovered included nanomedicine, stem cell therapy, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and medicinal and surgical techniques. Further research is required to adapt therapies like cord blood therapy, nanomedicine, and stem cell therapy in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. V. Shevchenko, V. Shimanskiy, S. V. Tanyashin, V. K. Poshataev, V. V. Karnaukhov, K. Solozhentseva, I. Pronin, Y. Strunina, L. R. Gabrielyan, I. O. Kugushev
The possibility of developing extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction was demonstrated in the mid-20th century. The development of neuroimaging (mainly MRI) and endoscopic techniques made it possible to plan and perform minimally invasive surgeries in a narrow anatomical corridor and achieve the regression of neurological symptoms. Purpose of the study: to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for hydrocephalus due to idiopathic extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction. Materials and methods. Sixty-five patients with signs of extraventricular obstruction underwent examination and surgical treatment at the Center of Neurosurgery from 2007 to 2020. The preoperative Kiefer Scale score was 6.8±3.3 (0-15) points, and the Rankin Scale score — 2.2±1 (0-5) points. Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy was performed as the first operation in 42 (64.6 %) patients. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed in 17 (26.1 %) patients. Six (9.2 %) patients were not operated on. Results. After endoscopic surgery, the condition of the patients significantly improved (p < 0.001) after 2 and 12 months. Complete or partial regression of symptoms was noted in 85 % of the patients 1 year after surgery. After shunt surgery, the trend was comparable. The only radiological parameter that changes and correlates with the patients’ condition is the position of the premammillary membrane and the flow void. The remaining indicators of the CSF system of the brain did not actually change. In all cases of the endoscopic surgery, an additional membrane conglomerate that corresponded to preoperative tomograms was found under the premammillary membrane. Conclusion. The high efficiency of endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy allows recommending this technique as the primary one in patients with extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction, with the exception of cases of anatomy abnormalities of the third ventricular fundus area (short premammillary membrane in combination with a high-lying basilar bifurcation) and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa base (narrow cisterns, whose dimensions do not allow inserting an endoscope under the premamillary membrane).
{"title":"Endoscopic treatment of patients with idiopathic hydrocephalus with extraventricular cisternal obstruction of the cerebrospinal tract","authors":"K. V. Shevchenko, V. Shimanskiy, S. V. Tanyashin, V. K. Poshataev, V. V. Karnaukhov, K. Solozhentseva, I. Pronin, Y. Strunina, L. R. Gabrielyan, I. O. Kugushev","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-05","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of developing extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction was demonstrated in the mid-20th century. The development of neuroimaging (mainly MRI) and endoscopic techniques made it possible to plan and perform minimally invasive surgeries in a narrow anatomical corridor and achieve the regression of neurological symptoms. Purpose of the study: to determine the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for hydrocephalus due to idiopathic extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction. Materials and methods. Sixty-five patients with signs of extraventricular obstruction underwent examination and surgical treatment at the Center of Neurosurgery from 2007 to 2020. The preoperative Kiefer Scale score was 6.8±3.3 (0-15) points, and the Rankin Scale score — 2.2±1 (0-5) points. Endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy was performed as the first operation in 42 (64.6 %) patients. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed in 17 (26.1 %) patients. Six (9.2 %) patients were not operated on. Results. After endoscopic surgery, the condition of the patients significantly improved (p < 0.001) after 2 and 12 months. Complete or partial regression of symptoms was noted in 85 % of the patients 1 year after surgery. After shunt surgery, the trend was comparable. The only radiological parameter that changes and correlates with the patients’ condition is the position of the premammillary membrane and the flow void. The remaining indicators of the CSF system of the brain did not actually change. In all cases of the endoscopic surgery, an additional membrane conglomerate that corresponded to preoperative tomograms was found under the premammillary membrane. Conclusion. The high efficiency of endoscopic third ventriculocisternostomy allows recommending this technique as the primary one in patients with extraventricular CSF pathways obstruction, with the exception of cases of anatomy abnormalities of the third ventricular fundus area (short premammillary membrane in combination with a high-lying basilar bifurcation) and cisterns of the posterior cranial fossa base (narrow cisterns, whose dimensions do not allow inserting an endoscope under the premamillary membrane).","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of cicatrical adhesion formation not only after microdiscectomies, but also after any spine surgery, remains unresolved to this day, being one of the main issues of spinal surgery. Several trigger mechanisms can be identified in the pathogenesis of epidural fibrosis formation: interaction of intervertebral cartilage components with surrounding tissues, disruption of vertebral canal integrity, dystrophy or complete absence of epidural fat, and presence of blood in the postoperative area. The pain syndrome associated with epidural fibrosis is persistent and increases after walking and prolonged being upright. There may be hyperaesthesia or hyperpathia in the innervation area of the affected roots and brisk tendon reflexes. Many authors are now trying to predict epidural fibrosis by analyzing immunological parameters and osteoprotegerin levels in blood serums, assessing anthropometric measures of patients, and examining the blood coagulation system. In modern neurosurgical society there is a clear view that epidural fibrosis should be prevented, but there are many prevention techniques. The following techniques have been identified: ligamentum flavum plasty and different variants of this operation, placement of an autograft from the inner flap of lumbar fascia into the intercostal space, use of autologous fat, use of fibrin glue, fibrous ring plasty, use of biodegradable membrane, application of anti-adhesion resorbable gel, insertion of wound drainage, use of amniotic sac, chitosan compounds in combination with L-glutamic acid, and many others.
{"title":"Barrier methods of prevention of epidural fibrosis at the lumbar level after microdiscectomy","authors":"P. D. Zakharov, A. Nikitin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-01","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of cicatrical adhesion formation not only after microdiscectomies, but also after any spine surgery, remains unresolved to this day, being one of the main issues of spinal surgery. Several trigger mechanisms can be identified in the pathogenesis of epidural fibrosis formation: interaction of intervertebral cartilage components with surrounding tissues, disruption of vertebral canal integrity, dystrophy or complete absence of epidural fat, and presence of blood in the postoperative area. The pain syndrome associated with epidural fibrosis is persistent and increases after walking and prolonged being upright. There may be hyperaesthesia or hyperpathia in the innervation area of the affected roots and brisk tendon reflexes. Many authors are now trying to predict epidural fibrosis by analyzing immunological parameters and osteoprotegerin levels in blood serums, assessing anthropometric measures of patients, and examining the blood coagulation system. In modern neurosurgical society there is a clear view that epidural fibrosis should be prevented, but there are many prevention techniques. The following techniques have been identified: ligamentum flavum plasty and different variants of this operation, placement of an autograft from the inner flap of lumbar fascia into the intercostal space, use of autologous fat, use of fibrin glue, fibrous ring plasty, use of biodegradable membrane, application of anti-adhesion resorbable gel, insertion of wound drainage, use of amniotic sac, chitosan compounds in combination with L-glutamic acid, and many others.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. I. Sheremetieva, Y. Trunova, A. V. Plotnikov, E. O. Kuleshova
The coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a pressing problem of the 21st century, since in a short period of time the epidemic of this infection rapidly developed into the pandemic with ensuing medical and socio-economic consequences. The impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the population is explained both by the direct biological impact of the virus on the human body and by associated psychosocial factors. The purpose of our work is to study the clinical picture and dynamics of non-psychotic mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials. An analysis of 991 archival medical records of the patients who were treated in the Psychotherapy Department,Altai Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital named after Yury Karlovich Erdman, for 2021–2022 was carried out. Of these, 246 patients (24.8 %) had a history of COVID-19 or associated the occurrence of mental disorders with this infection. In addition, a clinical study and follow-up of 45 patients was carried out in the same department. Results.COVID-19 is a significant factor in the development of non-psychotic mental disorders. Initial use of mental health care accounts for 42 %. The mean age of the patients was 47 years. It has been found that women are more susceptible to such disorders than men. After suffering from COVID-19 infection, the level of anxiety doubled, and a significant increase in depressed mood (from 57.1 to 85.7 %), sleep disturbances (from 67.8 to 82.1 %), phobias (from 71.4 up to 78.6 %), as well as asthenic symptoms, was noted. At the end of the treatment, a reduction in mental disorders was noted. Conclusion. The study convincingly showed the high prevalence of non-psychotic mental disorders associated with COVID-19. People of working age with pre-existing neurotic disorders are more vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic than others. In the clinical picture, three main psychopathological syndromes were identified: anxious-depressive, asthenic-depressive, and anxious-phobic. Complex treatment (psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy) in the psychotherapy department of a 24‑hour psychiatric hospital showed high effectiveness.
{"title":"Mental disorders of non-psychotic level during the pandemic of coronavirus infection","authors":"I. I. Sheremetieva, Y. Trunova, A. V. Plotnikov, E. O. Kuleshova","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-04","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a pressing problem of the 21st century, since in a short period of time the epidemic of this infection rapidly developed into the pandemic with ensuing medical and socio-economic consequences. The impact of the pandemic on the mental health of the population is explained both by the direct biological impact of the virus on the human body and by associated psychosocial factors. The purpose of our work is to study the clinical picture and dynamics of non-psychotic mental disorders caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials. An analysis of 991 archival medical records of the patients who were treated in the Psychotherapy Department,Altai Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital named after Yury Karlovich Erdman, for 2021–2022 was carried out. Of these, 246 patients (24.8 %) had a history of COVID-19 or associated the occurrence of mental disorders with this infection. In addition, a clinical study and follow-up of 45 patients was carried out in the same department. Results.COVID-19 is a significant factor in the development of non-psychotic mental disorders. Initial use of mental health care accounts for 42 %. The mean age of the patients was 47 years. It has been found that women are more susceptible to such disorders than men. After suffering from COVID-19 infection, the level of anxiety doubled, and a significant increase in depressed mood (from 57.1 to 85.7 %), sleep disturbances (from 67.8 to 82.1 %), phobias (from 71.4 up to 78.6 %), as well as asthenic symptoms, was noted. At the end of the treatment, a reduction in mental disorders was noted. Conclusion. The study convincingly showed the high prevalence of non-psychotic mental disorders associated with COVID-19. People of working age with pre-existing neurotic disorders are more vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic than others. In the clinical picture, three main psychopathological syndromes were identified: anxious-depressive, asthenic-depressive, and anxious-phobic. Complex treatment (psychopharmacotherapy, psychotherapy) in the psychotherapy department of a 24‑hour psychiatric hospital showed high effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bakuleva, A. M. Bocharnikov, O. Shiryaev, L. V. Dorofeeva, N. A. Ermolenko, V. Zemskova, A. M. Zemskov
Worldwide epidemiological data reveal extremely high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, leading to loss of fitness for work and the associated increased economic burden on society. In this regard, it seems crucial to improve the efficacy of standard psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety and depression. The relevance of the study is determined by the identification of combined immune-metabolic disorders in mixed anxiety and depressive disorder.Laboratory and clinical parameters of patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder were assessed. It was found that symptoms of anxiety and depression were accompanied by changes in immune and metabolic status. Statistically significant correlations between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and immune-metabolic statuses were identified,which indicates the possible existence of immune-oxidative stress in patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and damage to all parts of the immune system: humoral, phagocytic, cytokine, free-radical oxidation, and antioxidant system dependent immunity. These findings indicate the need to take into account changes in immune and metabolic status in patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder and consider the possibility of adding immunocorrective drugs to the treatment regimen in order to increase the effectiveness of standard psychopharmacological therapy.
{"title":"Features of the immuno-metabolic status in patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disord","authors":"N. Bakuleva, A. M. Bocharnikov, O. Shiryaev, L. V. Dorofeeva, N. A. Ermolenko, V. Zemskova, A. M. Zemskov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-08","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide epidemiological data reveal extremely high prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, leading to loss of fitness for work and the associated increased economic burden on society. In this regard, it seems crucial to improve the efficacy of standard psychopharmacological treatment of anxiety and depression. The relevance of the study is determined by the identification of combined immune-metabolic disorders in mixed anxiety and depressive disorder.Laboratory and clinical parameters of patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder were assessed. It was found that symptoms of anxiety and depression were accompanied by changes in immune and metabolic status. Statistically significant correlations between symptoms of anxiety and depression, and immune-metabolic statuses were identified,which indicates the possible existence of immune-oxidative stress in patients with symptoms of anxiety and depression, and damage to all parts of the immune system: humoral, phagocytic, cytokine, free-radical oxidation, and antioxidant system dependent immunity. These findings indicate the need to take into account changes in immune and metabolic status in patients with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder and consider the possibility of adding immunocorrective drugs to the treatment regimen in order to increase the effectiveness of standard psychopharmacological therapy.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. Landyshev, D. S. Petrov, V. V. Komarov, A. A. Solodov
The article presents the results of studying the clinical and social characteristics of partially incapacitated and disabled citizens in psychoneurological inpatient facilities; an assessment of the comprehensive work of the regional commission on the possibility of improving the civil status of patients is given.
{"title":"The results of a comprehensive survey of incapacitated and disabled citizens, living in inpatient social service organizations for people suffering from mental disorders, for the possibility of increasing their civil status","authors":"M. A. Landyshev, D. S. Petrov, V. V. Komarov, A. A. Solodov","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the clinical and social characteristics of partially incapacitated and disabled citizens in psychoneurological inpatient facilities; an assessment of the comprehensive work of the regional commission on the possibility of improving the civil status of patients is given.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the issues of the normal anatomy of the autonomic innervation of the eye muscles, mainly its sympathetic part. The symptoms included in the Claude Bernard Horner's syndrome, which occurs when the sympathetic pupillomotor pathway is affected, are considered. The causes of this syndrome are numerous. The classification of acquired conditions the clinical picture of which involves Horner syndrome is given. Three classes of etiological processes are distinguished: central (suprasegmental and segmental), peripheral, and idiopathic. Nosological components are listed for each of these. The complexity of the topographic anatomy of the sympathetic pathways innervating the eye muscles leads to significant difficulties in diagnosing the level of their lesion. Pathological processes affecting the peripheral part of the sympathetic chain are detected much faster, as the causes that provoked the development of Horner syndrome are often more obvious and diagnostically accessible. Cases of Horner syndrome of central genesis are significantly more difficult in diagnostic terms. The ar ticle discusses additional symptoms that form the clinical picture for stem strokes, tumors of the hypothalamic-pituitary region and brain stem, multiple sclerosis, and various diseases of the spinal cord, where the Claude Bernard Horner's syndrome is part of the clinical picture. In such cases, the analysis of neurological symptoms provides the basis for niveau diagnosis. The most difficult situations are when the only reason for the patient's visit and the objective component of the neurological status is just a triad of symptoms: miosis, partial ptosis, and enophthalmos. The paper presents an example of a similar case from clinical practice, when a patient with an acutely developed isolated left-sided symptom complex, including miosis, ptosis, and enophthalmos, had a focus of lacunar strok e in the lef t thalamo-hypothalamic region.
{"title":"Gorner syndrome as a sign of dyscirculatory disorders","authors":"V. V. Miroshnikova, P. S. Krivonozhkina","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issues of the normal anatomy of the autonomic innervation of the eye muscles, mainly its sympathetic part. The symptoms included in the Claude Bernard Horner's syndrome, which occurs when the sympathetic pupillomotor pathway is affected, are considered. The causes of this syndrome are numerous. The classification of acquired conditions the clinical picture of which involves Horner syndrome is given. Three classes of etiological processes are distinguished: central (suprasegmental and segmental), peripheral, and idiopathic. Nosological components are listed for each of these. The complexity of the topographic anatomy of the sympathetic pathways innervating the eye muscles leads to significant difficulties in diagnosing the level of their lesion. Pathological processes affecting the peripheral part of the sympathetic chain are detected much faster, as the causes that provoked the development of Horner syndrome are often more obvious and diagnostically accessible. Cases of Horner syndrome of central genesis are significantly more difficult in diagnostic terms. The ar ticle discusses additional symptoms that form the clinical picture for stem strokes, tumors of the hypothalamic-pituitary region and brain stem, multiple sclerosis, and various diseases of the spinal cord, where the Claude Bernard Horner's syndrome is part of the clinical picture. In such cases, the analysis of neurological symptoms provides the basis for niveau diagnosis. The most difficult situations are when the only reason for the patient's visit and the objective component of the neurological status is just a triad of symptoms: miosis, partial ptosis, and enophthalmos. The paper presents an example of a similar case from clinical practice, when a patient with an acutely developed isolated left-sided symptom complex, including miosis, ptosis, and enophthalmos, had a focus of lacunar strok e in the lef t thalamo-hypothalamic region.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Karagyaur, A. Primak, K. D. Bozov, D. Sheleg, M. S. Arbatskiy, S. S. Dzhauari, M. E. Illarionova, E. Semina, L. Samokhodskaya, P. Klimovich, M. D. Drach, A. Velichko, E. A. Sotskaya, V. Popov, K. Rubina, M. A. Parfenenko, Yu. V. Makus, B. D. Tsygankov, V. A. Tkachuk, E. A. Neyfeld
Recent research indicates that some types of mental illnesses (schizophrenia, autism, depressive disorders) may be associated with impaired functioning of a number of genes, including those involved in brain morphogenesis. To assess the possible contribution of brain morphogenesis genes in the formation of predisposition to depressive disorders in Russian population, we performed whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA of such patients. We identified 166 missense genomic variants in 66 genes (out of 140 studied) involved in the formation of brain tissue. The prevalence of some of them was estimated by allele-specific PCR. For the first time, a significantly higher frequency of occurrence of genomic variants rs17445840‑T (CDH2 gene), rs12923655‑C (CDH3 gene), rs1227051‑G/A (CDH23 gene), and rs12500437‑G/T (DCHS2 gene) was shown in a group of patients suffering from endogenous depressive disorder, and an association of some of the identified genomic variants with gender was established. The data obtained confirm the previously stated assumption that genes of brain tissue morphogenesis may be associated with a predisposition to the development of mental and cognitive disorders. The functional significance of the identified genetic variants remains to be established. The identification of pathogenic genomic variants with the confirmation of their functional significance allows better understanding of the pathogenesis of mental disorders and opens prospects for the development of approaches to objective diagnosis of such diseases, their early prevention, and pathogenetic therapy.
{"title":"Association of the occurrence of single-nucleotide genomic variants in the genes of brain morphogenesis with a predisposition to endogenous depression in the Russian population","authors":"M. Karagyaur, A. Primak, K. D. Bozov, D. Sheleg, M. S. Arbatskiy, S. S. Dzhauari, M. E. Illarionova, E. Semina, L. Samokhodskaya, P. Klimovich, M. D. Drach, A. Velichko, E. A. Sotskaya, V. Popov, K. Rubina, M. A. Parfenenko, Yu. V. Makus, B. D. Tsygankov, V. A. Tkachuk, E. A. Neyfeld","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-13","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research indicates that some types of mental illnesses (schizophrenia, autism, depressive disorders) may be associated with impaired functioning of a number of genes, including those involved in brain morphogenesis. To assess the possible contribution of brain morphogenesis genes in the formation of predisposition to depressive disorders in Russian population, we performed whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA of such patients. We identified 166 missense genomic variants in 66 genes (out of 140 studied) involved in the formation of brain tissue. The prevalence of some of them was estimated by allele-specific PCR. For the first time, a significantly higher frequency of occurrence of genomic variants rs17445840‑T (CDH2 gene), rs12923655‑C (CDH3 gene), rs1227051‑G/A (CDH23 gene), and rs12500437‑G/T (DCHS2 gene) was shown in a group of patients suffering from endogenous depressive disorder, and an association of some of the identified genomic variants with gender was established. The data obtained confirm the previously stated assumption that genes of brain tissue morphogenesis may be associated with a predisposition to the development of mental and cognitive disorders. The functional significance of the identified genetic variants remains to be established. The identification of pathogenic genomic variants with the confirmation of their functional significance allows better understanding of the pathogenesis of mental disorders and opens prospects for the development of approaches to objective diagnosis of such diseases, their early prevention, and pathogenetic therapy.","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Semenov, T. Zakharycheva, S. Zueva, V. L. Yurmanova, Yu. M. Portnov, A. G. Polyakov, V. N. Rechkin, V. A. Snitko, V. O. Sobulyak
Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare and severe dysmetabolic lesion of the central nervous system which is difficult to diagnose. Its prevalence in the general population reaches 0.5 %, and in intensive care nits — 2.5 %. Within the framework of ODS, central pontine myelinolysis with demyelination of the pons and extrapontine myelinolysis with foci of demyelination in the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres are distinguished. Clinical cases of ODS that developed against the background of dehydration are presented
{"title":"Osmotic demyelinating syndrome and its manifestations","authors":"V. A. Semenov, T. Zakharycheva, S. Zueva, V. L. Yurmanova, Yu. M. Portnov, A. G. Polyakov, V. N. Rechkin, V. A. Snitko, V. O. Sobulyak","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2401-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2401-07","url":null,"abstract":"Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is a rare and severe dysmetabolic lesion of the central nervous system which is difficult to diagnose. Its prevalence in the general population reaches 0.5 %, and in intensive care nits — 2.5 %. Within the framework of ODS, central pontine myelinolysis with demyelination of the pons and extrapontine myelinolysis with foci of demyelination in the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres are distinguished. Clinical cases of ODS that developed against the background of dehydration are presented","PeriodicalId":447580,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140503480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：