Prior studies have asserted that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have grown and represented most businesses in Kenya. However, these studies continue to establish that 70% of Small-to-Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya fail within their first three years of existence. One weakness postulated as a possible cause for this failure rate is poor financial performance. Existing literature has highlighted management accounting practices deployment, including budgeting, costing, and strategic management accounting practices. This is one possible remedy from an array of interventions. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of budgeting practices, including planning for cash flows (BP), controlling cash flows (BC), resources allocation (BRA), activity coordination (AC), and monitoring financial position (MFP) on Financial Performance (FPM) of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. This research adopted a descriptive research design that used data collected using a self-administered cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire from a randomly selected sample of 156 manufacturing SMEs in the City of Nairobi data was analyzed through structural equation modelling. The results revealed that budgeting practices positively and significantly influence manufacturing SME's financial performance. The findings of this study suggest that the financial performance of a manufacturing SME can be improved by deploying strategic action in budgeting practices in the form of planning for cash flows (BP), controlling cash flows (BC), resources allocation (BRA), activity coordination (AC) and monitoring financial position (MFP).
{"title":"Effect of Budgeting Practices on Financial Performance of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Marion Mbogo, Macharia Jimmy, C. Olando","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V12I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V12I1","url":null,"abstract":"Prior studies have asserted that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have grown and represented most businesses in Kenya. However, these studies continue to establish that 70% of Small-to-Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya fail within their first three years of existence. One weakness postulated as a possible cause for this failure rate is poor financial performance. Existing literature has highlighted management accounting practices deployment, including budgeting, costing, and strategic management accounting practices. This is one possible remedy from an array of interventions. This paper, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of budgeting practices, including planning for cash flows (BP), controlling cash flows (BC), resources allocation (BRA), activity coordination (AC), and monitoring financial position (MFP) on Financial Performance (FPM) of Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. This research adopted a descriptive research design that used data collected using a self-administered cross-sectional survey. A questionnaire from a randomly selected sample of 156 manufacturing SMEs in the City of Nairobi data was analyzed through structural equation modelling. The results revealed that budgeting practices positively and significantly influence manufacturing SME's financial performance. The findings of this study suggest that the financial performance of a manufacturing SME can be improved by deploying strategic action in budgeting practices in the form of planning for cash flows (BP), controlling cash flows (BC), resources allocation (BRA), activity coordination (AC) and monitoring financial position (MFP).","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116509770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper gives a brief background to film and cinema in both colonial and postcolonial Kenya, and introduces Kenya’s Riverwood film industry, briefly expounding the theoretical postulates that explain its inception and existence. It is a study is about the history of the Kenyan film story as produced by Riverwood-the Kenya’s film industry domiciled mainly along the vibrant River Road business hub in Nairobi (https://www.google.com/maps/@-1.282,36.827,19z?hl=en).
{"title":"Kenya’s Riverwood film industry: A theoretical postulation","authors":"Silvester Mutua","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V11I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V11I1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper gives a brief background to film and cinema in both colonial and postcolonial Kenya, and introduces Kenya’s Riverwood film industry, briefly expounding the theoretical postulates that explain its inception and existence. It is a study is about the history of the Kenyan film story as produced by Riverwood-the Kenya’s film industry domiciled mainly along the vibrant River Road business hub in Nairobi (https://www.google.com/maps/@-1.282,36.827,19z?hl=en).","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116649472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Broadcasting Commission’s (NBC) deadline for broadcast stations in Nigeria to switch from analogue to digital broadcasting has spurred the Ministries of Information and Communications, other regulating agencies and the broadcasting industry to be working round the clock to actualize the objective. This development has come after many failed deadlines for achieving the global mandate set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the June 17, 2017 deadline of the regional Economic Commission of West African States (ECOWAS). This study assessed the readiness of selected television stations for this digital transmission. 108 staff of the African Independent Television (AIT), Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Ibadan Network Centre, MITV, Broadcasting Television of Oyo State (BCOS), Galaxy Television and New Frontiers Television, in Ibadan filled questionnaire copies on staff training, content production, and provision of equipment for digital broadcasting. Findings show that though the stations face some challenges on these critical areas, they are already taking some bold steps in delivering the promised digital broadcasting experience. All regulators and staff and management of television stations need to set achievable timelines capable of bringing this dream to reality in many of the remaining stations lagging behind. Key words: broadcast, Ibadan, digitization, television
{"title":"IBADAN TELEVISION STATIONS’ READINESS FOR DIGITAL TRANSITION","authors":"O. J. Oyedele","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"The National Broadcasting Commission’s (NBC) deadline for broadcast stations in Nigeria to switch from analogue to digital broadcasting has spurred the Ministries of Information and Communications, other regulating agencies and the broadcasting industry to be working round the clock to actualize the objective. This development has come after many failed deadlines for achieving the global mandate set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the June 17, 2017 deadline of the regional Economic Commission of West African States (ECOWAS). This study assessed the readiness of selected television stations for this digital transmission. 108 staff of the African Independent Television (AIT), Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Ibadan Network Centre, MITV, Broadcasting Television of Oyo State (BCOS), Galaxy Television and New Frontiers Television, in Ibadan filled questionnaire copies on staff training, content production, and provision of equipment for digital broadcasting. Findings show that though the stations face some challenges on these critical areas, they are already taking some bold steps in delivering the promised digital broadcasting experience. All regulators and staff and management of television stations need to set achievable timelines capable of bringing this dream to reality in many of the remaining stations lagging behind. Key words: broadcast, Ibadan, digitization, television","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114533208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In examination of language use in public domains in Tanzania, this paper articulates the state of multilingualism in the composition of signposts in district headquarters countrywide. The paper challenges the suggestion that Tanzania is primarily a Kiswahili speaking country. It also challenges the suggestion that Tanzania consists of English as an official language with limited domains of use. While it is claimed that ethnic community languages are a vehicular of communication in domains related to informal settings and homesteads, the paper argues for the presence of in linguistic landscape. Findings from five regions of Tanzania, namely, Arusha, Iringa, Kagera, Manyara and Mbeya indicate the dominance of bilingual Kiswahili-English signposts in urban centres. Further, findings display dominance of English-only signposts, which is a good testimony that this public domain makes use of English rather than Kiswahili. Furthermore, on the basis of font-size and font-colour, English words turn more prominent than Kiswahili words. Nonetheless, on the basis of word counts, Kiswahili is significantly used in bilingual signposts than English. Thus, this article concludes that the importance of English surpasses Kiswahili in the language use in bilingual signposts in urban Tanzania. KEYWORDS : Billboards , Languages of urban Tanzania , Multilingualism , Shop-signs , Tanzania
{"title":"THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF URBAN TANZANIA: AN ACCOUNT OF THE LANGUAGE OF BILLBOARDS AND SHOP-SIGNS IN DISTRICT HEADQUARTERS","authors":"A. Lusekelo, Chrispina Alphonce","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V9I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V9I1","url":null,"abstract":"In examination of language use in public domains in Tanzania, this paper articulates the state of multilingualism in the composition of signposts in district headquarters countrywide. The paper challenges the suggestion that Tanzania is primarily a Kiswahili speaking country. It also challenges the suggestion that Tanzania consists of English as an official language with limited domains of use. While it is claimed that ethnic community languages are a vehicular of communication in domains related to informal settings and homesteads, the paper argues for the presence of in linguistic landscape. Findings from five regions of Tanzania, namely, Arusha, Iringa, Kagera, Manyara and Mbeya indicate the dominance of bilingual Kiswahili-English signposts in urban centres. Further, findings display dominance of English-only signposts, which is a good testimony that this public domain makes use of English rather than Kiswahili. Furthermore, on the basis of font-size and font-colour, English words turn more prominent than Kiswahili words. Nonetheless, on the basis of word counts, Kiswahili is significantly used in bilingual signposts than English. Thus, this article concludes that the importance of English surpasses Kiswahili in the language use in bilingual signposts in urban Tanzania. KEYWORDS : Billboards , Languages of urban Tanzania , Multilingualism , Shop-signs , Tanzania","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"36 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incorporating the latest digital technology into traditional language teaching systems has opened up a wealth of multimedia and interactive applications available to bring teaching methods into the 21st century. In the last 10 years, the world has experienced a sudden increase of technology, and this has had a lot of impact in the teaching of foreign languages. Learners are more conversant, proficient and knowledgeable about the digital world through internet and social media, and through digital devices such as smartphones and computers. This research analyzes how lecturers in Technical University use Technology in their classrooms to motivate the learning of French as a foreign language (FFL). The participants for this research are lecturers of French language who frequently use technology in their classroom to support FFL learning for all the levels. Findings illustrate the potential of technology integration in French classrooms for supporting students’ French language learning in Technical University of Kenya. The attitude towards learning the language has changed; the learners enjoy being in a French classroom when a digital device is incorporated in the lesson.Keywords: Technology, French, foreign language, Learners, Instruction
{"title":"INCORPORATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (FFL) IN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF KENYA","authors":"T. A. Otieno","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V8I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V8I2","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating the latest digital technology into traditional language teaching systems has opened up a wealth of multimedia and interactive applications available to bring teaching methods into the 21st century. In the last 10 years, the world has experienced a sudden increase of technology, and this has had a lot of impact in the teaching of foreign languages. Learners are more conversant, proficient and knowledgeable about the digital world through internet and social media, and through digital devices such as smartphones and computers. This research analyzes how lecturers in Technical University use Technology in their classrooms to motivate the learning of French as a foreign language (FFL). The participants for this research are lecturers of French language who frequently use technology in their classroom to support FFL learning for all the levels. Findings illustrate the potential of technology integration in French classrooms for supporting students’ French language learning in Technical University of Kenya. The attitude towards learning the language has changed; the learners enjoy being in a French classroom when a digital device is incorporated in the lesson.Keywords: Technology, French, foreign language, Learners, Instruction","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114686587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of music under social, political, apolitical, moral, amoral and religious circumstances in Africa is evidenced not just by the quality and quantity of the work done in this area of scholarship but, by the corpus of traditional songs whose texts, when critically examined lead us to important conclusions in forming opinions of their utility. This work examines the use of music in the restoration of good health. In the course of investigation, field work which involves participant observation, library search for relevant literature, interviews and chance talks were employed in eliciting germane information. Interestingly, this paper observes that there is a disconnect between the old use of music in Nigerian societies and its present use. It remarks that this disconnect is possibly the cause for illnesses often experienced in contemporary Nigerian societies. It was suggested that if music were to uplift and heal man, then it should be culturally relevant, performed communally, the repertoire carefully selected to suit the target group and above all, have a determined duration of performance within a cultural context. KEY WORDS : Prophylactic treatment, Allopathic therapy, ill-health and well-being.
{"title":"Music as EDAE: Implications for Music Therapy Nigeria","authors":"Charles Onomudo Aluede","doi":"10.4314/UJAH.V13I1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/UJAH.V13I1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The use of music under social, political, apolitical, moral, amoral and religious circumstances in Africa is evidenced not just by the quality and quantity of the work done in this area of scholarship but, by the corpus of traditional songs whose texts, when critically examined lead us to important conclusions in forming opinions of their utility. This work examines the use of music in the restoration of good health. In the course of investigation, field work which involves participant observation, library search for relevant literature, interviews and chance talks were employed in eliciting germane information. Interestingly, this paper observes that there is a disconnect between the old use of music in Nigerian societies and its present use. It remarks that this disconnect is possibly the cause for illnesses often experienced in contemporary Nigerian societies. It was suggested that if music were to uplift and heal man, then it should be culturally relevant, performed communally, the repertoire carefully selected to suit the target group and above all, have a determined duration of performance within a cultural context. KEY WORDS : Prophylactic treatment, Allopathic therapy, ill-health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125648303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66727
Frederick K. Iraki
Youth and leadership appear to be antinomical concepts in modern Kenya. Similarly, youth on one side, and creativity and entrepreneurship on the other appear to be strange bed-fellows. The youth are quasi-synonymous with want of leadership, intellectual dullness, indolence, over-reliance on parents and teachers, and lack of enterprise. This phenomenon stands in stark contrast with traditional African ethos and social mores. In traditional African setting, the role of the youth was well defined and demarcated. The youth represented that tranche of age between childhood and adulthood. It symbolized the preparation to assume family and community responsibility. Invariably, it was heralded by a rite of passage. Subsequently, the youth were initiated into various chores and codes of behavior to prime them to take over leadership roles. These included warriors, raiders, elders to adjudicate over disputes, etc. With the advent of urbanization, traditional African life mutates rapidly as the pressure of modern life redefines social roles and responsibilities. The youth is faced with a conflict of cultures, urban poverty, parental neglect, and lack of a social compass to direct their lives. In response to these iniquities, the youth devise strategies, linguistic or otherwise, to cope with this seemingly indifferent and oppressive urban context. This paper attempts to discuss the condition of the youth in Nairobi with a view to documenting the challenges they face and strategies that could help them cope (or overcome) some of the daunting hardships put in their way by the imperatives of a fast uncoordinated mutations of the City. The paper draws inspiration from outstanding authors who have successfully tackled the issue of personal economic prosperity and self-reliance. Success begins with the individual, not society. Key words: self-reliance, prosperity, success, youth, entrepreneurship, urban
{"title":"Youth, creativity and urban life: insights from classics","authors":"Frederick K. Iraki","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66727","url":null,"abstract":"Youth and leadership appear to be antinomical concepts in modern Kenya. Similarly, youth on one side, and creativity and entrepreneurship on the other appear to be strange bed-fellows. The youth are quasi-synonymous with want of leadership, intellectual dullness, indolence, over-reliance on parents and teachers, and lack of enterprise. This phenomenon stands in stark contrast with traditional African ethos and social mores. In traditional African setting, the role of the youth was well defined and demarcated. The youth represented that tranche of age between childhood and adulthood. It symbolized the preparation to assume family and community responsibility. Invariably, it was heralded by a rite of passage. Subsequently, the youth were initiated into various chores and codes of behavior to prime them to take over leadership roles. These included warriors, raiders, elders to adjudicate over disputes, etc. With the advent of urbanization, traditional African life mutates rapidly as the pressure of modern life redefines social roles and responsibilities. The youth is faced with a conflict of cultures, urban poverty, parental neglect, and lack of a social compass to direct their lives. In response to these iniquities, the youth devise strategies, linguistic or otherwise, to cope with this seemingly indifferent and oppressive urban context. This paper attempts to discuss the condition of the youth in Nairobi with a view to documenting the challenges they face and strategies that could help them cope (or overcome) some of the daunting hardships put in their way by the imperatives of a fast uncoordinated mutations of the City. The paper draws inspiration from outstanding authors who have successfully tackled the issue of personal economic prosperity and self-reliance. Success begins with the individual, not society. Key words: self-reliance, prosperity, success, youth, entrepreneurship, urban","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124926172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66720
D. Minja
This study was an analytical descriptive research done to assess the effects of organization development interventions on leadership and management practises of Green Earth Program. The theoretical framework was based on the models developed by Kotter and Lippit and the conceptual framework was based on the effects of organization development interventions framework of leading change. A pre- assessment of leadership and management practice at Green Earth was conducted which identified six problem areas or improvement issues. These were: absence of a strong compelling vision and an organization structure that encouraged an unhealthy competitive conflict, failure to involve staff at all levels in decision making especially in areas affecting their work, inadequate information flow (communication), a perceived unfair reward system and lack of human resources management policies and procedures, weak financial accountability practice and lack of financial management policies and procedures. The data from pre- assessment and post assessment were statistically treated using the means. A t-test was also used for the comparison of the pre and post interventions data, for improvements significance at 0.05 alpha levels. The results of the pre and post intervention assessments showed that the effects of the interventions was statistically significant. The study findings revealed that the overall mean for pre- assessment was 1.45 while the overall mean for post intervention assessment was 1.81. The overall p value was p=0.000. This was a clear indication that there was a very significant difference between data obtained during pre- assessment and data obtained after post intervention assessment. The above results led to the conclusion that the Organization Development Interventions offered were successful since there was a significant difference in the data before and after the interventions. These results therefore, led to the rejection of the hypothesis which stated that there were no significant differences in the obtained data on the six problems areas before and after the interventions. This hypothesis was to be accepted or rejected at the 0.05 alpha level. Key words: o rganization development Interventions, Organizational leadership, Financial Accountability
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Organization Development Interventions on Organizational Leadership and Management Practice: A Case Of Green Earth Program (GEP)","authors":"D. Minja","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66720","url":null,"abstract":"This study was an analytical descriptive research done to assess the effects of organization development interventions on leadership and management practises of Green Earth Program. The theoretical framework was based on the models developed by Kotter and Lippit and the conceptual framework was based on the effects of organization development interventions framework of leading change. A pre- assessment of leadership and management practice at Green Earth was conducted which identified six problem areas or improvement issues. These were: absence of a strong compelling vision and an organization structure that encouraged an unhealthy competitive conflict, failure to involve staff at all levels in decision making especially in areas affecting their work, inadequate information flow (communication), a perceived unfair reward system and lack of human resources management policies and procedures, weak financial accountability practice and lack of financial management policies and procedures. The data from pre- assessment and post assessment were statistically treated using the means. A t-test was also used for the comparison of the pre and post interventions data, for improvements significance at 0.05 alpha levels. The results of the pre and post intervention assessments showed that the effects of the interventions was statistically significant. The study findings revealed that the overall mean for pre- assessment was 1.45 while the overall mean for post intervention assessment was 1.81. The overall p value was p=0.000. This was a clear indication that there was a very significant difference between data obtained during pre- assessment and data obtained after post intervention assessment. The above results led to the conclusion that the Organization Development Interventions offered were successful since there was a significant difference in the data before and after the interventions. These results therefore, led to the rejection of the hypothesis which stated that there were no significant differences in the obtained data on the six problems areas before and after the interventions. This hypothesis was to be accepted or rejected at the 0.05 alpha level. Key words: o rganization development Interventions, Organizational leadership, Financial Accountability","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132131182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66586
Natalia Perez Negro
This paper explores important aspects of teaching Spanish, both spoken and written, to multilingual students, with specific reference to United Sates International University (USIU), a private institution located in Nairobi, Kenya. The beginner students of Spanish at the University speak at least 3 languages, one of which is Kiswahili. This polyglot characteristic, the strong African oral tradition and the fact that Kiswahili and Spanish have similar aspects like pronunciation, offer the students great advantages in learning Spanish. Initially, however, students generally show some resistance to learning the oral skills because their intention is to acquire writing skills. Research conducted for this paper among the University students and the foreign language teachers in Nairobi, provides useful comparisons between two methodologies of teaching Spanish (and probably other foreign languages as well) one of these emphasizes the acquisition of oral skills and the other, which involves a more traditional method of teaching, emphasizes acquisition of written skills. The research findings discussed in this paper offer strategies that can help promote the teaching of spoken Spanish, including the study of the complex grammar at the beginning level. The findings also demonstrate that acquisition of oral skills facilitates the acquisition of knowledge about the Hispanic world culture, and is also crucial to development of higher levels of oral proficiency which is essential to using the language in real life situations. Key words: multilingual, oral skills, second language, learning, strategies.
{"title":"The importance of oral Spanish teaching to multilingual students: A case study of USIU.","authors":"Natalia Perez Negro","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66586","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores important aspects of teaching Spanish, both spoken and written, to multilingual students, with specific reference to United Sates International University (USIU), a private institution located in Nairobi, Kenya. The beginner students of Spanish at the University speak at least 3 languages, one of which is Kiswahili. This polyglot characteristic, the strong African oral tradition and the fact that Kiswahili and Spanish have similar aspects like pronunciation, offer the students great advantages in learning Spanish. Initially, however, students generally show some resistance to learning the oral skills because their intention is to acquire writing skills. Research conducted for this paper among the University students and the foreign language teachers in Nairobi, provides useful comparisons between two methodologies of teaching Spanish (and probably other foreign languages as well) one of these emphasizes the acquisition of oral skills and the other, which involves a more traditional method of teaching, emphasizes acquisition of written skills. The research findings discussed in this paper offer strategies that can help promote the teaching of spoken Spanish, including the study of the complex grammar at the beginning level. The findings also demonstrate that acquisition of oral skills facilitates the acquisition of knowledge about the Hispanic world culture, and is also crucial to development of higher levels of oral proficiency which is essential to using the language in real life situations. Key words: multilingual, oral skills, second language, learning, strategies.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122285885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66559
M. Michieka
Language in education has remained a major concern in most African countries, especially those that were formerly colonized by European countries. Several problems that Africa and Kenya in particular, faces are closely tied to the language of education. What is the nature of these problems and whose responsibility is it to solve them? What is the role of an applied linguist in this linguistically complicated situation in Kenya? The definition of applied linguistics or who an applied linguist is eludes many. This paper does not propose to provide a definition either. Using the varied definitions that exist in literature, a working definition is developed and based on that definition; the paper shows that Kenya has several language issues that call for the services of applied linguists. While the issues range from the national language policies, language in education, multilingualism, second language teaching to language acquisition, the paper narrows the focus to four language-based problems, all of which are closely tied to the language of education. Although no solutions are suggested to these problems, a list of questions is formulated for the applied linguist to research on. Key Words: Language planning, language in education, language policies.
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