Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa最新文献

{"title":"”Generic peace” and “The peace”: a discourse","authors":"M. Munene","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41786","url":null,"abstract":"The study of peace as a concept, and in practice, has gained momentum since the\u0000end of the Cold War. Studying peace and teaching peace has become almost a fashion\u0000with a number of people identifying themselves as peace workers, Students of peace,\u0000and peace researchers. This implies that there are others who are peace employers, peace\u0000instructors, and peace funders and donors. In the process, the word peace has tended to\u0000lose its true meaning because perpetrators of violence have managed to expropriate\u0000the jargon of peace and have subsequently justified their atrocities in the name of\u0000peace. Mercenaries, for instance have been portrayed as peace enforcers or messiahs in\u0000chaotic situations. At the same time, there have been developments in the intellectual\u0000arena as to the meaning of peace or the varieties of peace, meaning that peace can be\u0000plural rather than simply singular. Whether one talks of peace in singular or peaces,\u0000there are levels of peace in terms of conception and practice. It is the question of\u0000levels that creates the distinction between generic peace and The Peace. This distinction\u0000is political and has a class base, separating the rulers from the ruled or the subjects.\u0000This separation can be applied at the domestic or local political level or at the\u0000international level when it comes to dealing with matters of states. This brings up\u0000the notion of four peaces lumped into two categories of generic peace and The peace\u0000with each category having an international and a domestic dimension. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 218-228","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126014193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kiswahili, utandawazi na umoja wa Afrika","authors":"Stephen Njihia Kamau","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41779","url":null,"abstract":"It is a fact that in the recent past, globalization has gradually taken shape in Africa\u0000and as such the continent has no choice but to embrace this development. In order\u0000for Africa to benefit fully from globalization, various measures must be taken. One\u0000of the key measures is the use of one indigenous African language to serve as an\u0000official and unifying language throughout the continent. We argue that the language\u0000with that potential is Kiswahili.\u0000This paper sets out to evaluate the place of Kiswahili as a unifying language in\u0000Africa in the era of a globalizing Africa. Globalization in Africa has to do with the\u0000coming together of African nations to form a bloc that will cooperate in the social,\u0000political and economic fronts. This being the case, the need for a common African\u0000language for use across the continent cannot be ignored. The best placed African\u0000language, as this paper will demonstrate, is Kiswahili. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 143-150","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129569710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing Structures for urban Tourism in Kenya: A strategy for enhancing Entrepreneurship","authors":"F. Wambalaba, A. Wambalaba","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41770","url":null,"abstract":"In the late 1990s, the City of Portland, Oregon in the United States decided to explore the potential for attracting tourists in its urbanized areas. It therefore carried out a\u0000study in select urban areas in the country to identify transport oriented features that\u0000would enhance access to urban tourist attraction sites. A transport service design\u0000was developed and when it was completed, one of the unexpected outcomes was a\u0000thematic nature for selected service routes. A uniquely painted bus (hence referred\u0000to as “the cultural bus”) along with select customer friendly drivers were assigned\u0000on a route to cater for tourists. The number of tourists using the thematic bus route\u0000shot up and so was patronage of businesses along the route.\u0000But unlike the Portland example, the tourist industry in Kenya, along with its\u0000stakeholders have traditionally focused tourist infrastructure on a few large attractors\u0000(high impact sites), and very little has been done to maximize on the marginal sites\u0000(low impact sites), especially in urbanized areas.\u0000The objective of this paper is to provide a context for conceptualizing natural and\u0000infrastructural structures for urban tourism and entrepreneurial opportunities in\u0000Kenya by; 1) reviewing the premises and design contexts of urban tourism, 2)\u0000presenting transport oriented guiding principles for urban tourism, and 3)\u0000documenting pertinent transport design and practices case studies from the United\u0000States. The paper is an applied case study based on some of the projects in which the\u0000authors were previously either directly engaged in or responsible for documenting\u0000the practices. It also conceptualizes the nature of urban spatial structure and analysis\u0000pertinent to urban tourism. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 36-45","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122123100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hi-Tech yet Highly Toxic: Electronic and E-Waste","authors":"J. W. Kimani","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41771","url":null,"abstract":"There is no gainsaying the importance of computers in today's technological\u0000development. Computers that were so rare barely 20 years ago are now almost\u0000a banality in most countries, including the developing world. However, the\u0000increase in numbers has posed a new danger of how to dispose of old computers.\u0000The practice has been to throw decrepit computers into dumpsites thus posing a\u0000fatal threat to the environment and the people.\u0000In this paper, we review the dangers posed by high tech products when they are\u0000not disposed of in the correct manner. In particular we discuss how rich nations\u0000dump toxic wastes in poor countries as a way of “assisting” them cope with\u0000economic problems. Garbage imperialism poses a real threat to world stability\u0000and health. Keywords : computers, technology, toxic wastes, conventions, environment Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 46-61","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114470205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's literature in Kenya: a mirror of Kenyan culture?","authors":"Gromov","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41784","url":null,"abstract":"The article is based on the assumption that the present state of writing for children in Kenya could in fact be reflecting the current condition of the entire Kenyan\u0000culture, particularly the culture of letters in the country. Using as a reference\u0000point the well-known book on Kenyan children's literature written in 1980s by\u0000Asenath Odaga, the author indicates the achievements made by Kenyan children's\u0000literature within the last two decades (e.g., efforts being made by both international\u0000and local publishers to increase the number of books and variety of titles suitable\u0000for different age groups), as well as problems still existing in the field (one of the\u0000major ones being the shortage of books in indigenous languages, with possible\u0000exception of Kiswahili). The author states that these problems could be applied\u0000to Kenyan writing culture in general. The article also proposes some guidelines\u0000towards the improvement of the current situation. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 198-207","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128905911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the adoption and diffusion of Internet in higher educational institutions in Kenya","authors":"J. Macharia, E. Nyakwende","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41754","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that the importance of the Internet in higher education has continued to rise over the past decade. However, researchers and practitioners have shown that resistance to end-user systems by users such as students is a widespread problem. This phenomenon has created the need to better predict, explain\u0000and increase user acceptance of technology in higher education. To fulfill this need,\u0000the understanding of the factors that encourage or hinder Internet use in learning,\u0000teaching, research and university management function has become critical in modern\u0000times. As university administrators continue investing in Information &\u0000communication Technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet, Learning management\u0000systems(LMS) such WebCT, and plagiarism and originality tools like Turnitin to\u0000improve quality and to support learning, as well as help in dealing with educational\u0000budget cuts and increased enrollment, instructors are increasingly making their\u0000teaching materials available on the Internet. However several studies have shown\u0000that the question of whether students are making full use of the Internet to justify\u0000these investments and learning materials efforts by faculty has not been fully\u0000answered. Consequently, while administrators and instructors would like to make\u0000the Internet an effective educational tool, they need to understand what their students'\u0000attitudes towards using it are.\u0000Since the use of the Internet in higher education is still in its early stages especially\u0000in developing countries like Kenya, many issues regarding its adoption, diffusion,\u0000infusion and use have not been fully addressed. This study was therefore conducted\u0000to provide a better understanding of how ICTs particularly the Internet are adopted,\u0000diffused, infused and used in institutions of higher learning in Kenya from a student's\u0000perspective.\u0000This paper focuses on the influence of environmental factors to the adaption and\u0000diffusion of the Internet by a selected sample of university students. The research\u0000framework is based on the Theory of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We use\u0000a survey conducted among university students to explore these environmental factor\u0000issues that have been neglected by previous studies. The research establishes that\u0000Competition Pressure, Government Support, ICT Vendors Support, and Perceived\u0000Socio Economic factors influence the adoption and diffusion of the Internet. These\u0000findings provide some useful insights for governments, university administrators,\u0000educators and policy makers. Keywords : ICTs, Internet, technology acceptance, diffusion of technology. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 6-23","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"33 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The learning of Foreign Languages in Kenyan Universities: The Relevance of French","authors":"M. Nginye","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41758","url":null,"abstract":"Everybody seems to agree that the world today has been transformed into a small\u0000village. The effects of globalization have been felt all over the world and the best\u0000reaction that people seem to prefer is accepting this reality and learning to live with\u0000it. One of the obvious consequences of this phenomenon is that people from different\u0000countries and cultures are now interacting more than ever before. This interaction\u0000will almost always involve communication. And communication implies language.\u0000It is in this regard that more and more people are now learning one or more languages,\u0000other than their own, that is to say foreign languages. This need to learn foreign\u0000languages has existed in Kenya for a long time. However, languages that have not\u0000been classified under the “traditional foreign languages” category are now being learnt\u0000at post-secondary school level. Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 75-83","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116506456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A digital divide: Kiswahili holds the key","authors":"S. Kamau","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41764","url":null,"abstract":"With today's increased use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), the world has been turned into a global village courtesy of the easy and fast means of communication over vast geographical distances (Katembo 2005). However, not all the regions in the world are included in the ‘global village'. Most developing countries especially in Africa are yet to make a mark in the ICT domain. Due to this fact there exists a digital divide between the developed and the developing nations of the world. Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 133-143","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123977051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authentic documents in the teaching and learning of a foreign language","authors":"Caroline C Oyugi","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41751","url":null,"abstract":"Today's fast-paced and globalised world has made the learning of a foreign language a pressing need. As a result, many people, already seemingly settled in their\u0000occupations are flocking back to college to either learn the basics or master at least one\u0000foreign language. However, these attempts do not seem to yield much fruit in terms\u0000of applying these ‘learned' languages. Many students who have completed foreign\u0000language courses are barely capable of sustaining a conversation beyond the standard\u0000basic greetings. Learning a foreign language means being able to communicate\u0000effectively in everyday situations. Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 25-33","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115780358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mirroring the Subtext: Postmodernism in Ngugi wa Thiongo's Wizard of the Crow:","authors":"Om Macharia","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I1.41757","url":null,"abstract":"This reading of Ngugi wa Thiong'o's Wizard of the Crow attempts to place the text in the postmodern writing tradition. We point out how surrealistic features are utilized\u0000to enhance the themes, style, and the author's conundrums. Ngugi has been accused\u0000of focusing on ideologies at the expense of creativity. Wizard of the Crow is, however, a\u0000purely artistic text where Ngugi's creativity is plausibly developed, without hindering\u0000his ideological expression. The fact that the text was originally written in Gikuyu\u0000helps the writer draw from the resource of traditional discourse, and arguably enable\u0000not only Gikuyu culture, but also their worldview and history negotiate for a global\u0000position in line with emerging postmodern imperatives. Journal of Language, Technology and Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (1) 2007 pp. 67-74","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114592809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}