The purpose of this article is to provoke students and scholars in the field of ethics to re-think and develop new approaches in the practice of ethical leadership. Many authors have written on the subject of leadership values and ethics, yet, the world continues to witness increasing cases of corruption and executive misconduct both in public and private sectors. Many are left to wonder what the missing link could be between theory and practice. This article adopts a conceptual paradigm approach to developing a model of effective and ethical leadership practice. It argues that having a leader who upholds values in an organisation is not enough to transform a corrupt system. The article postulates that the application of the theory of Mechanical Advantage would bring an organisation to a state of equilibrium, which then forms a firm foundation for ethical leadership. Keywords: Ethical leadership, Integrity management pillars
{"title":"RE-THINKING ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IN KENYA: ADOPTING A NEW PARADIGM","authors":"D. Minja","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V7I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V7I2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to provoke students and scholars in the field of ethics to re-think and develop new approaches in the practice of ethical leadership. Many authors have written on the subject of leadership values and ethics, yet, the world continues to witness increasing cases of corruption and executive misconduct both in public and private sectors. Many are left to wonder what the missing link could be between theory and practice. This article adopts a conceptual paradigm approach to developing a model of effective and ethical leadership practice. It argues that having a leader who upholds values in an organisation is not enough to transform a corrupt system. The article postulates that the application of the theory of Mechanical Advantage would bring an organisation to a state of equilibrium, which then forms a firm foundation for ethical leadership. Keywords: Ethical leadership, Integrity management pillars","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114275037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41774
Kp Kurgatt
Ethnicity is sometimes one of the misunderstood cultural aspects of national heritage in Africa. The mere mention of the term ‘ethnicity' or ‘ethnic origin' is apt to elicit negative reactions, basically because only one facet is assumed, namely ‘ethnocentricity', or to use a less anodyne term, ‘tribalism'. Yet there are many other positive facets to ethnicity. For example, ethnicity can be claimed, rightly so, as one aspect of national identity, which enriches Africa's national heritage(s).This paper attempts to highlight these dynamics through analyzing how one community, namely, the Nandi, manifests its ethnicity its social construction of reality, the differences in intra-ethnic identities that separate them from their immediate ‘cousins' as well as other neighbors, namely, the Maasai and Luo and the Kenyan nation as a whole. It is hoped that the answers to the above will help us to positively harness ethnic diversity to create a multicultural society at ease with itself Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 90-98
种族有时是非洲国家遗产中被误解的文化方面之一。仅仅提到“种族”或“种族起源”这个词就容易引发负面反应，主要是因为人们只假设了一个方面，即“种族优越感”，或者用一个不那么温和的术语，“部落主义”。然而，种族主义还有许多其他积极的方面。例如，种族可以被认为是国家特性的一个方面，这是正确的，它丰富了非洲的民族遗产。本文试图通过分析一个社区，即南迪人如何表现其民族性，其现实的社会建构，以及将他们与直接“表兄弟”以及其他邻居，即马赛人、罗人以及整个肯尼亚民族区分开来的种族内部身份的差异，来突出这些动态。希望以上问题的答案能帮助我们积极地利用种族多样性，创造一个自在自在的多元文化社会。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 90-98
{"title":"The Dynamics of Ethnicity in a Multicultural Society","authors":"Kp Kurgatt","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41774","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnicity is sometimes one of the misunderstood cultural aspects of national heritage in Africa. The mere mention of the term ‘ethnicity' or ‘ethnic origin' is apt to elicit\u0000negative reactions, basically because only one facet is assumed, namely\u0000‘ethnocentricity', or to use a less anodyne term, ‘tribalism'. Yet there are many other\u0000positive facets to ethnicity. For example, ethnicity can be claimed, rightly so, as one\u0000aspect of national identity, which enriches Africa's national heritage(s).This paper\u0000attempts to highlight these dynamics through analyzing how one community,\u0000namely, the Nandi, manifests its ethnicity its social construction of reality, the\u0000differences in intra-ethnic identities that separate them from their immediate ‘cousins'\u0000as well as other neighbors, namely, the Maasai and Luo and the Kenyan nation as a\u0000whole. It is hoped that the answers to the above will help us to positively harness\u0000ethnic diversity to create a multicultural society at ease with itself Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 90-98","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133432128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The teeming literature on transitional justice policies and peacebuilding suggests that regional organizations are veritable platforms for advancing transitional justice policies for attaining a relatively peaceful and justice-compliant society. The recognition of institutionalized transitional justice processes and the growing emphasis on the role of regional organizations has led to the undervaluation of non-traditional regional organizations. This paper examines the utility of such non-traditional regional bodies such as the Pan African Youth Union and Afrika Youth Movement in promoting effective transitional justice policies that will culminate in the creation of a culture of peace amongst African youth. The study analyzes and compares the history, structure, practices, and projects of these organizations to demonstrate a movement away from traditional liberal institutionalism in peacebuilding processes. Keywords: Transitional justice, policies, Pan African and Youth Organizations
{"title":"Sustainable Transitional Justice Policies in Africa: A Searchlight on Pan African Youth Organizations","authors":"S. R. Hussain, Goyei Guy Fineman","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V9I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V9I2","url":null,"abstract":"The teeming literature on transitional justice policies and peacebuilding suggests that regional organizations are veritable platforms for advancing transitional justice policies for attaining a relatively peaceful and justice-compliant society. The recognition of institutionalized transitional justice processes and the growing emphasis on the role of regional organizations has led to the undervaluation of non-traditional regional organizations. This paper examines the utility of such non-traditional regional bodies such as the Pan African Youth Union and Afrika Youth Movement in promoting effective transitional justice policies that will culminate in the creation of a culture of peace amongst African youth. The study analyzes and compares the history, structure, practices, and projects of these organizations to demonstrate a movement away from traditional liberal institutionalism in peacebuilding processes. Keywords: Transitional justice, policies, Pan African and Youth Organizations","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121319339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61520
D. Aminu, C. Marfo
Conflict is a normal and natural part of our workplaces and lives. As people with diverse background come together in a working environment, differences in opinion, attitudes and beliefs are bound to occur as they interact. How such differences are managed determines the impact they can have on productivity and therefore organizational goals. Recognizing and addressing the factors that give rise to potential conflicts can have a positive impact on the workplace and productivity. Conflict, if constructively handled, can be very helpful in making necessary changes within the work environment. However, poorly resolved or unresolved conflict can result in feelings of dissatisfaction, unhappiness, hopelessness, depression, and other emotions. It can even lead to resignation from jobs, dissolution of personal relations, aggression, and even violence. Key words: Conflict, Management and Workplace.
{"title":"Managing workplace conflict in the school environment: Challenges, rewards and the way forward","authors":"D. Aminu, C. Marfo","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61520","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict is a normal and natural part of our workplaces and lives. As people with diverse background come together in a working environment, differences in opinion, attitudes and beliefs are bound to occur as they interact. How such differences are managed determines the impact they can have on productivity and therefore organizational goals. Recognizing and addressing the factors that give rise to potential conflicts can have a positive impact on the workplace and productivity. Conflict, if constructively handled, can be very helpful in making necessary changes within the work environment. However, poorly resolved or unresolved conflict can result in feelings of dissatisfaction, unhappiness, hopelessness, depression, and other emotions. It can even lead to resignation from jobs, dissolution of personal relations, aggression, and even violence. Key words: Conflict, Management and Workplace.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128525721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66717
Hannah Muthoni
Youth constitute the largest percentage of the total world population and are considered core to the development of society. However, even with the large numbers, researches on youth in Africa tend to be skewed on employment and labour distribution, education and human development. Outside these formalized sectors, youth are studied as the most controversial group based on their behavior and seemingly misplaced roles. The place of youth in conflict in Africa is thus unexplored as available research focuses more on child soldiers in relation to recruitment, effects of conflicts, disarmament and reintegration. Beyond this, youth in conflict are studied in relation to violence and delinquency particularly in the United States of America and Europe and hardly in Africa. This is despite the growing involvement of youths in conflict as militias, rebels, vigilante groups as well as victims. This article explores the place of youths in conflict of post-colonial Africa where their role has increasingly grown. As a comparative analysis, it uses the case study of Al-shabaab in Somalia and Mungiki in Kenya Key words : Youth, Mungiki, Al-Shabaab, Kenya, Somalia.
{"title":"Youth in conflict in the Horn of Africa: A comparative analysis of mungiki in Kenya and Al-shabaab in Somalia","authors":"Hannah Muthoni","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66717","url":null,"abstract":"Youth constitute the largest percentage of the total world population and are considered core to the development of society. However, even with the large numbers, researches on youth in Africa tend to be skewed on employment and labour distribution, education and human development. Outside these formalized sectors, youth are studied as the most controversial group based on their behavior and seemingly misplaced roles. The place of youth in conflict in Africa is thus unexplored as available research focuses more on child soldiers in relation to recruitment, effects of conflicts, disarmament and reintegration. Beyond this, youth in conflict are studied in relation to violence and delinquency particularly in the United States of America and Europe and hardly in Africa. This is despite the growing involvement of youths in conflict as militias, rebels, vigilante groups as well as victims. This article explores the place of youths in conflict of post-colonial Africa where their role has increasingly grown. As a comparative analysis, it uses the case study of Al-shabaab in Somalia and Mungiki in Kenya Key words : Youth, Mungiki, Al-Shabaab, Kenya, Somalia.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132387115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52008
Patrick Mbogo Mwaniki
This paper recalls a Thomistic dictum quidquid recipitur ad modum recipietis recipitur to the effect that, somewhat, everything is received in the manner of the recipient, and which, for the purposes of the paper shall be rendered to signify that the operations of any thing - en, entis - cannot exceed its nature, and at the level of particulars would mean that the capabilities of any thing cannot exceed those of its essence. Thus, the dictum only served as a reminder to the fact that we know as much of reality as our predispositions allow, and once we have had our "fill," its effect cannot possibly exceed it as cause. Based on an Aristotelean-Thomistic-Gilsonean philosophical framework, and employing an anecdotic, hypothetical quasi scenario-building methodology to visit learning and teaching of philosophy of education and the career-building in the field at our universities, it attempts, through again, a quasi Socratic method, to intimate that the effects cannot possibly exceed their causes, and so, in Africa and in the world at large, philosophy of education will yield as much progress as that of its teachers as its causes and principles. Key words : Philosophy, education, Thomas, Africa, Kenya, university
这篇论文回顾了托马斯的格言ququid recipient and modern recipient，大意是，在某种程度上，一切都是以接受者的方式被接受的，为了本文的目的，这意味着任何事物的运作——甚至是实体——都不能超过它的本质，在细节的层面上，这意味着任何事物的能力都不能超过它的本质。因此，这句格言只是提醒我们这样一个事实，即我们对现实的了解是我们的倾向所允许的，一旦我们“充实”了，它的结果就不可能超过它的原因。基于亚里士多德-托马斯-吉尔索内的哲学框架，并采用一种轶事式的、假设式的准情景构建方法来考察我们大学里教育哲学的学习和教学以及这一领域的职业发展，它试图再次通过一种准苏格拉底的方法来表明，结果不可能超过原因，因此，在非洲和整个世界，教育哲学产生的进步与其教师的进步一样多，其原因和原则也一样多。关键词:哲学，教育，托马斯，非洲，肯尼亚，大学
{"title":"Philosophy of Education as an accidental trickle","authors":"Patrick Mbogo Mwaniki","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper recalls a Thomistic dictum quidquid recipitur ad modum recipietis recipitur to the effect that, somewhat, everything is received in the manner of the recipient, and which, for the purposes of the paper shall be rendered to signify that the operations of any thing - en, entis - cannot exceed its nature, and at the level of particulars would mean that the capabilities of any thing cannot exceed those of its essence. Thus, the dictum only served as a reminder to the fact that we know as much of reality as our predispositions allow, and once we have had our \"fill,\" its effect cannot possibly exceed it as cause. Based on an Aristotelean-Thomistic-Gilsonean philosophical framework, and employing an anecdotic, hypothetical quasi scenario-building methodology to visit learning and teaching of philosophy of education and the career-building in the field at our universities, it attempts, through again, a quasi Socratic method, to intimate that the effects cannot possibly exceed their causes, and so, in Africa and in the world at large, philosophy of education will yield as much progress as that of its teachers as its causes and principles. Key words : Philosophy, education, Thomas, Africa, Kenya, university","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122499867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41789
To Omusonga, Im Kazadi, F. Indoshi
School culture refers to a set of accepted beliefs and norms governing people's conduct in a school. Schools with a culture that favors teaching and learning French tend to have a longer history of offering French subject characterized by high expectations for and recognition of academic and co-curricula achievement, parental involvement, and career guidance and counseling. Such schools also tend to perform better in French in national examinations compared to schools without a French culture. However, not a single study in Kenya has explored the role school culture may play in ameliorating the pathetic performance witnessed in French Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination, whereby 60% of candidates fail to attain the minimum required grade of C+ to enable them join universities in the country. This necessitates a study of this nature whose purpose was to determine the relationship between school culture and students' performance in French in selected secondary schools in Kenya. The study is based on correlation design. It was carried out in 16 secondary schools offering French in Western Province of Kenya, selected by stratified random sampling to include provincial, district and private school categories. Saturated sampling technique was used to select 16 teachers of French and 327 students of French, from the 16 sample schools. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson's product moment correlation and t test). The study reached the conclusion that school culture and students' performance in French in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination have a strong positive correlation. Therefore, developing a French culture within a school improves students' scores in French. Based on these findings, it is recommended that school authorities in collaboration with the teacher of French should inculcate in their institutions a culture which favors teaching and learning of French, especially by encouraging students to participate in French co-curricula activities such as drama and music festivals, French days, and cultural exchange programs, and by availing the necessary French curriculum materials, facilities and equipment. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 255-263
学校文化是指一套公认的信念和规范人们在学校的行为。具有法语教学文化的学校开设法语课程的历史往往较长，其特点是对学术和联合课程成绩的高期望和认可，父母的参与，以及职业指导和咨询。与没有法国文化的学校相比，这些学校在国家考试中的法语表现也往往更好。然而，在肯尼亚，没有一项研究探讨了学校文化在改善法国肯尼亚中等教育证书(KCSE)考试中所看到的可悲表现方面可能发挥的作用，其中60%的考生未能达到C+的最低要求成绩，使他们能够进入该国的大学。因此，有必要进行这方面的研究，其目的是确定在肯尼亚选定的中学中，学校文化与学生法语成绩之间的关系。本研究采用相关设计。该研究在肯尼亚西部省16所教授法语的中学进行，通过分层随机抽样选择，包括省级、地区和私立学校类别。采用饱和抽样法，从16所样本学校中抽取16名法语教师和327名法语学生。数据分析采用描述性统计(均值和标准差)和推理统计(皮尔逊积矩相关和t检验)。研究得出学校文化与学生在肯尼亚中学教育证书(KCSE)考试中的法语成绩有很强的正相关关系的结论。因此，在学校里培养法国文化可以提高学生的法语成绩。基于这些发现，建议学校当局与法语教师合作，在他们的机构中灌输一种有利于法语教学的文化，特别是鼓励学生参加法语联合课程活动，如戏剧和音乐节、法语日和文化交流项目，并利用必要的法语课程材料、设施和设备。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 255-263
{"title":"Relationship between school culture and students performance in French in selected secondary schools in Kenya","authors":"To Omusonga, Im Kazadi, F. Indoshi","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41789","url":null,"abstract":"School culture refers to a set of accepted beliefs and norms governing people's conduct in a school. Schools with a culture that favors teaching and learning French tend to\u0000have a longer history of offering French subject characterized by high expectations\u0000for and recognition of academic and co-curricula achievement, parental involvement,\u0000and career guidance and counseling. Such schools also tend to perform better in\u0000French in national examinations compared to schools without a French culture.\u0000However, not a single study in Kenya has explored the role school culture may play\u0000in ameliorating the pathetic performance witnessed in French Kenya Certificate of\u0000Secondary Education (KCSE) examination, whereby 60% of candidates fail to attain\u0000the minimum required grade of C+ to enable them join universities in the country.\u0000This necessitates a study of this nature whose purpose was to determine the\u0000relationship between school culture and students' performance in French in selected\u0000secondary schools in Kenya.\u0000The study is based on correlation design. It was carried out in 16 secondary schools\u0000offering French in Western Province of Kenya, selected by stratified random sampling\u0000to include provincial, district and private school categories. Saturated sampling\u0000technique was used to select 16 teachers of French and 327 students of French, from\u0000the 16 sample schools. Data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics (means and\u0000standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson's product moment correlation\u0000and t test).\u0000The study reached the conclusion that school culture and students' performance in\u0000French in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) examination have a\u0000strong positive correlation. Therefore, developing a French culture within a school\u0000improves students' scores in French. Based on these findings, it is recommended\u0000that school authorities in collaboration with the teacher of French should inculcate\u0000in their institutions a culture which favors teaching and learning of French, especially\u0000by encouraging students to participate in French co-curricula activities such as drama\u0000and music festivals, French days, and cultural exchange programs, and by availing\u0000the necessary French curriculum materials, facilities and equipment. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 255-263","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117052550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52011
T. Linge, Willie VanRensburg, D. Sikalieh
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether women employees are visible in their organizations in Kenya. The study was a cross-sectional survey carried out among women employees of the Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE) member organizations. Stratified and random sampling was used to select a sample of 400 women employees. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire and analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results indicate that the visibility of women in their organizations is low. Key words : visibility, women, Kenya, career advancement
{"title":"The role of visibility and career advancement of women in Kenya","authors":"T. Linge, Willie VanRensburg, D. Sikalieh","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52011","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate whether women employees are visible in their organizations in Kenya. The study was a cross-sectional survey carried out among women employees of the Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE) member organizations. Stratified and random sampling was used to select a sample of 400 women employees. Data were collected using a self administered questionnaire and analysed using both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results indicate that the visibility of women in their organizations is low. Key words : visibility, women, Kenya, career advancement","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115890562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52007
Sidi M. Omar, Fatuma Ahmed
There is no denying the fact that the multiple processes of 'globalisation', which are taking place these days on a large scale, have caused significant transformations in almost all life aspects of millions around the world. There are now more interactions and exchanges not only within the same cultures but also among different cultures due to the increase in information flows across the globe, migratory movements, demographic changes and transformations in social structures and institutions. The increased intercultural and cross-cultural communication has clearly enhanced intercultural exchange and learning. However, these growing intercultural encounters have also given rise to rhetorical and actual confrontation and defensiveness amid many groups that feel threatened by the external developments associated with the sweeping processes of globalisation. This situation highlights the importance of cross-cultural dialogue as a means to constructive communication among individuals and communities. Key words: globalization, cross-cultural, human rights, universal
{"title":"Universal Protection of Human Rights: A Cross-Cultural Perspective","authors":"Sidi M. Omar, Fatuma Ahmed","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52007","url":null,"abstract":"There is no denying the fact that the multiple processes of 'globalisation', which are taking place these days on a large scale, have caused significant transformations in almost all life aspects of millions around the world. There are now more interactions and exchanges not only within the same cultures but also among different cultures due to the increase in information flows across the globe, migratory movements, demographic changes and transformations in social structures and institutions. The increased intercultural and cross-cultural communication has clearly enhanced intercultural exchange and learning. However, these growing intercultural encounters have also given rise to rhetorical and actual confrontation and defensiveness amid many groups that feel threatened by the external developments associated with the sweeping processes of globalisation. This situation highlights the importance of cross-cultural dialogue as a means to constructive communication among individuals and communities. Key words: globalization, cross-cultural, human rights, universal","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116137849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52001
M. Mwagiru
This paper examines issues in the study of diplomacy and foreign policy. Its beginning point is that although there have been important contributions about the content of the foreign policy and diplomacy; there is a dearth of literature on issues of the management of foreign policy and diplomacy. The paper argues that the biggest universal challenge for foreign policy is its implementation. The paper hence challenges the traditional division of foreign affairs into policy and administrative aspects and makes a case for the review of this classical understanding of the dynamics of the making and implementation of foreign policy. It is argued that the study of the content of foreign policy must be twinned with the study of the administration of the diplomatic service, the lack of which constitutes the missing link in the study of diplomacy. Eventually, the paper advances the view that the study of diplomacy can only be enhanced by opening up both its epistemology and its practical context. Key words : Diplomacy, foreign, policy, Kenya, implementation
{"title":"The Missing Link in the Study of Diplomacy: The Management of the Diplomatic Service and Foreign Policy","authors":"M. Mwagiru","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines issues in the study of diplomacy and foreign policy. Its beginning point is that although there have been important contributions about the content of the foreign policy and diplomacy; there is a dearth of literature on issues of the management of foreign policy and diplomacy. The paper argues that the biggest universal challenge for foreign policy is its implementation. The paper hence challenges the traditional division of foreign affairs into policy and administrative aspects and makes a case for the review of this classical understanding of the dynamics of the making and implementation of foreign policy. It is argued that the study of the content of foreign policy must be twinned with the study of the administration of the diplomatic service, the lack of which constitutes the missing link in the study of diplomacy. Eventually, the paper advances the view that the study of diplomacy can only be enhanced by opening up both its epistemology and its practical context. Key words : Diplomacy, foreign, policy, Kenya, implementation","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129529795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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