Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66726
M. Munene
Introduction: Recent events, especially those surrounding how Kenya projects itself in the region, have attracted attention that is not necessarily favourable. This calls for a reflection on what constitutes national as well as security interests and how to protect and advance them in the midst of potentially hostile environment. The assumption by other countries that they have the right to instruct Kenya on how it should conduct its affairs is understandable in the sense that it may be in the interests of those countries to do so. That, however, is not necessarily in Kenya’s interests and Kenyan officialdom should guard against falling into the trap of sacrificing national interests in order to please powerful external forces. To do this well, it is appropriate to take some concepts into account. The following are some reflections.
{"title":"Reflections on Kenya’s national and security interests","authors":"M. Munene","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66726","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recent events, especially those surrounding how Kenya projects itself in the region, have attracted attention that is not necessarily favourable. This calls for a reflection on what constitutes national as well as security interests and how to protect and advance them in the midst of potentially hostile environment. The assumption by other countries that they have the right to instruct Kenya on how it should conduct its affairs is understandable in the sense that it may be in the interests of those countries to do so. That, however, is not necessarily in Kenya’s interests and Kenyan officialdom should guard against falling into the trap of sacrificing national interests in order to please powerful external forces. To do this well, it is appropriate to take some concepts into account. The following are some reflections.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66723
J. Macharia, E. Nyakwende
The processes of globalization present opportunities and challenges for higher education learners. This process increasingly depends upon information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the internet. Despite the fact that there have been frequently observed male/female differences in ICT usage, this has not received adequate explanations especially in higher education internet usage. Consequently this paper presents the findings of an empirical study that adds insight and understanding into the causes of this difference. The study proposes a Technology acceptance model (TAM) to investigate the effect of gender differences in internet usage intentions in higher education. Four exogenous constructs namely, perceived relevance, perceived enjoyment, computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, voluntariness, and two belief factors namely perceived ease of using the Internet, and perceived usefulness were modeled to influence behavioral intention in the TAM. A questionnaire survey (N=1092) was administered and data were collected from university students in a selected sample of public and private universities in Kenya. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the model. There exist significant gender differences in the influence of perceived ease of use and computer anxiety, influence on internet usage intentions for males and females. The influences of perceived ease of use, relevance to studies, and perceived enjoyment had significant influence on intentions for both males and females had a higher anxiety than males in using the internet. However, they had greater usage of the internet for their studies. Having a greater understanding of how males and females view internet usage for learning in their universities will contribute to deploying gender specific interventions in the usage of internet as a learning tool in and outside the classroom. Keywords : Gender, SEM, Higher education, Technology Acceptance Model, Individual, Differences.
{"title":"Gender differences in internet usage intentions for learning in higher education: An empirical study","authors":"J. Macharia, E. Nyakwende","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66723","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of globalization present opportunities and challenges for higher education learners. This process increasingly depends upon information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the internet. Despite the fact that there have been frequently observed male/female differences in ICT usage, this has not received adequate explanations especially in higher education internet usage. Consequently this paper presents the findings of an empirical study that adds insight and understanding into the causes of this difference. The study proposes a Technology acceptance model (TAM) to investigate the effect of gender differences in internet usage intentions in higher education. Four exogenous constructs namely, perceived relevance, perceived enjoyment, computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, voluntariness, and two belief factors namely perceived ease of using the Internet, and perceived usefulness were modeled to influence behavioral intention in the TAM. A questionnaire survey (N=1092) was administered and data were collected from university students in a selected sample of public and private universities in Kenya. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the model. There exist significant gender differences in the influence of perceived ease of use and computer anxiety, influence on internet usage intentions for males and females. The influences of perceived ease of use, relevance to studies, and perceived enjoyment had significant influence on intentions for both males and females had a higher anxiety than males in using the internet. However, they had greater usage of the internet for their studies. Having a greater understanding of how males and females view internet usage for learning in their universities will contribute to deploying gender specific interventions in the usage of internet as a learning tool in and outside the classroom. Keywords : Gender, SEM, Higher education, Technology Acceptance Model, Individual, Differences.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66712
C. Mairura
The necessity of recording all the transactions and systematically cannot be overemphasized. Goods may be sold on credit to several persons. The latter will pay the price of the goods to the vender latter. However, strong one's memory may be, one cannot hope to remember all the details regarding all these transactions. Besides, according to several authorities, accounting records are useful in several ways. Despite this importance of accounting records, most small enterprises do not maintain proper accounting records moreover the influence of accounting records on business performance has not been well documented. This study was therefore conducted with a view to establishing the role played by accounting records on business performance. Data was collected among eighty entrepreneurs in the garments industry in Nairobi. Results indicated that there exists a positive relationship between accounting records and business performance. The analysis showed that education, nature of business ownership, training and size of business are the main factors influencing accounting record. Keeping and information for planning making are also extracted from these records. It is recommended that entrepreneurs should be trained in record keeping to enhance the performance of their business. Key words: business records, business performance, influence.
{"title":"The influence of business records on business performance","authors":"C. Mairura","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66712","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of recording all the transactions and systematically cannot be overemphasized. Goods may be sold on credit to several persons. The latter will pay the price of the goods to the vender latter. However, strong one's memory may be, one cannot hope to remember all the details regarding all these transactions. Besides, according to several authorities, accounting records are useful in several ways. Despite this importance of accounting records, most small enterprises do not maintain proper accounting records moreover the influence of accounting records on business performance has not been well documented. This study was therefore conducted with a view to establishing the role played by accounting records on business performance. Data was collected among eighty entrepreneurs in the garments industry in Nairobi. Results indicated that there exists a positive relationship between accounting records and business performance. The analysis showed that education, nature of business ownership, training and size of business are the main factors influencing accounting record. Keeping and information for planning making are also extracted from these records. It is recommended that entrepreneurs should be trained in record keeping to enhance the performance of their business. Key words: business records, business performance, influence.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134390257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66602
Marion Mbogo
Several studies show that most small and medium businesses fail within their first three years. Although the role of factors such as access to funds and culture has been widely studied, the influence of owner/manager practices and capabilities have generally been ignored. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates the managerial business practices and capabilities used by SMEs such as strategic management, financial, marketing, human resource and ICT and their influence on decision making for enterprise success and growth. Data was collected from Kenya Industrial, Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) incubated SMEs in Nairobi. A census research design was used, with a self administered questionnaire given to all participants. The results show that owner/manager capabilities in financial, marketing, human resource and managerial accounting influence decision-making, and consequently SMEs success and development. The paper concludes that training level and managerial accounting capabilities of owner/manager have a strong, positive and significant influence on the decision making and consequently are critical for the success, growth and survival of SMEs. Key words : Small and Medium Enterprises, owner/manager, managerial practices, managerial accounting, decision making
{"title":"Influence of Managerial Accounting Skills on SME’s on the Success and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya.","authors":"Marion Mbogo","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66602","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies show that most small and medium businesses fail within their first three years. Although the role of factors such as access to funds and culture has been widely studied, the influence of owner/manager practices and capabilities have generally been ignored. To bridge this gap, this paper investigates the managerial business practices and capabilities used by SMEs such as strategic management, financial, marketing, human resource and ICT and their influence on decision making for enterprise success and growth. Data was collected from Kenya Industrial, Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) incubated SMEs in Nairobi. A census research design was used, with a self administered questionnaire given to all participants. The results show that owner/manager capabilities in financial, marketing, human resource and managerial accounting influence decision-making, and consequently SMEs success and development. The paper concludes that training level and managerial accounting capabilities of owner/manager have a strong, positive and significant influence on the decision making and consequently are critical for the success, growth and survival of SMEs. Key words : Small and Medium Enterprises, owner/manager, managerial practices, managerial accounting, decision making","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126903933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66589
Oscar Macharia Maina
Human existence and interaction is essentially characterized by a contest between individuals who at times have diametrically opposed social, political, and economic ideals. Due to the forceful nature of our idiosyncrasies, we always perceive our ideals infallible and hence as fit of being enforced on others. This attempt makes human interaction teeter precariously on the axis of dominance and the desire to overwhelm on one hand, and resistance on the other. Moreover, resistance is not realized in similar degrees in all individuals; there are those who are easily intimidated, while others have amazing levels of resilience and they would go to any length to defend their convictions. This fact is also explained by the observation that in all of us there is a paradoxical collocation of two natural and almost instinctual desires; desire to dominate others, and the desire for self-defense and self-preservation against domination by others. This preservation goes beyond protection of the body to include even the preservation of self dignity and personality. However, in the context of overwhelming subjugation, denial, and dominance, the oppressed lack effective avenues through which a conventional defense for the self would be enacted. This scenario is particularly witnessed in the context of imprisonment. In prison, the passage of time exposes the prisoner to vulnerability and a possible loss of self identity, which is made extremely painful by the severance of all meaningful human interactions. Key words : freedom, incarceration, domination, writing
{"title":"Writing Freedom: The Art of Contesting Incarceration","authors":"Oscar Macharia Maina","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66589","url":null,"abstract":"Human existence and interaction is essentially characterized by a contest between individuals who at times have diametrically opposed social, political, and economic ideals. Due to the forceful nature of our idiosyncrasies, we always perceive our ideals infallible and hence as fit of being enforced on others. This attempt makes human interaction teeter precariously on the axis of dominance and the desire to overwhelm on one hand, and resistance on the other. Moreover, resistance is not realized in similar degrees in all individuals; there are those who are easily intimidated, while others have amazing levels of resilience and they would go to any length to defend their convictions. This fact is also explained by the observation that in all of us there is a paradoxical collocation of two natural and almost instinctual desires; desire to dominate others, and the desire for self-defense and self-preservation against domination by others. This preservation goes beyond protection of the body to include even the preservation of self dignity and personality. However, in the context of overwhelming subjugation, denial, and dominance, the oppressed lack effective avenues through which a conventional defense for the self would be enacted. This scenario is particularly witnessed in the context of imprisonment. In prison, the passage of time exposes the prisoner to vulnerability and a possible loss of self identity, which is made extremely painful by the severance of all meaningful human interactions. Key words : freedom, incarceration, domination, writing","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129496496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66714
M. Mwagiru
The constitutional referendum in Kenya on 4 August 2010 in which the citizens overwhelmingly approved the new constitution was a hallmark event in more than one aspect. It paved the way for the promulgation of Kenya’s second constitution. The new constitution has reconfigured Kenya’s institutions across board. It also created a scientific revolution in Kenya’s treaty practice. For the first time, Kenya’s treaty practice is enshrined constitutionally and marks a shift from the old dualist practice to monism. This article examines the character and structure of that scientific constitutional revolution. In the face of all the fundamental changes that the new constitution has made in Kenya’s political life, it would be easy to overlook those in Kenya’s treaty practice, or even underestimate their importance. It would also be easy to overlook their significance for Kenya’s domestic legal relations, and its external diplomatic and legal relations. Treaties – bilateral and multilateral – are one of the clearest manifestations of the complex interdependence of international relations. States enter into agreements either bilaterally or multilaterally, on a wide range of issues touching on their mutual relations. So pervasive is the system of agreements and treaties in the system that if the world map was marked to show the treaties and agreements existing in the international system, the map would disappear, as would the traditional territorial borders reflected on maps. In the face of this reality, it is clear that without the system of treaties and agreements pervading international relations, the world would be more impoverished. Treaties are an increasingly important feature of international and regional relations. They are an important aspect of diplomacy, and a notable feature of regional diplomacy. Key words : Treaties, Constitution. Monism, dualism
{"title":"From Dualism to Monism: The Structure of Revolution in Kenya’s Constitutional Treaty Practice","authors":"M. Mwagiru","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66714","url":null,"abstract":"The constitutional referendum in Kenya on 4 August 2010 in which the citizens overwhelmingly approved the new constitution was a hallmark event in more than one aspect. It paved the way for the promulgation of Kenya’s second constitution. The new constitution has reconfigured Kenya’s institutions across board. It also created a scientific revolution in Kenya’s treaty practice. For the first time, Kenya’s treaty practice is enshrined constitutionally and marks a shift from the old dualist practice to monism. This article examines the character and structure of that scientific constitutional revolution. In the face of all the fundamental changes that the new constitution has made in Kenya’s political life, it would be easy to overlook those in Kenya’s treaty practice, or even underestimate their importance. It would also be easy to overlook their significance for Kenya’s domestic legal relations, and its external diplomatic and legal relations. Treaties – bilateral and multilateral – are one of the clearest manifestations of the complex interdependence of international relations. States enter into agreements either bilaterally or multilaterally, on a wide range of issues touching on their mutual relations. So pervasive is the system of agreements and treaties in the system that if the world map was marked to show the treaties and agreements existing in the international system, the map would disappear, as would the traditional territorial borders reflected on maps. In the face of this reality, it is clear that without the system of treaties and agreements pervading international relations, the world would be more impoverished. Treaties are an increasingly important feature of international and regional relations. They are an important aspect of diplomacy, and a notable feature of regional diplomacy. Key words : Treaties, Constitution. Monism, dualism","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114845689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66587
N. Hooti
In the recent years, researchers in anthropology, political science, psychology, and sociology have begun to study how group identifications contribute to conflict, how intergroup conflict can influence identity, and, most recently, how identities might be harnessed to reduce intergroup hostility. Strindberg was able to objectify his inner conflicts, and to some extent his characters reflect the universal predicaments of mankind. Thus, though Strindberg's philosophy stems from and expresses his psychological tensions, its ultimate significance lies in its universal appeal. The attempt of this paper is to focus, not on Strindberg's psychology only but also explore the dimensions of his philosophy as it becomes manifested in his work. The study tries to reach its goal by having a journey in Strindberg's personal life. The attempt to explore the causes, consequences and nature of the contradictions, conflicts and the malicious personal relationships in Strindberg's plays, the study will be focusing on the following plays, The Father (1887), Miss Julie ( 1888), Creditors ( 1890), The Link (1897) A Dream Play (1902) and The Ghost Sonata (1907). As The Road to Damascus (1898) is central to Strindberg's philosophy, on this theme, the study also intends to give a brief look at this trilogy. Keywords: Strindberg, miasma, contradictions, trilogy.
{"title":"The Miasma of Contradictions and Malicious Relationships in Strindberg's Plays: A Biographical Approach","authors":"N. Hooti","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66587","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, researchers in anthropology, political science, psychology, and sociology have begun to study how group identifications contribute to conflict, how intergroup conflict can influence identity, and, most recently, how identities might be harnessed to reduce intergroup hostility. Strindberg was able to objectify his inner conflicts, and to some extent his characters reflect the universal predicaments of mankind. Thus, though Strindberg's philosophy stems from and expresses his psychological tensions, its ultimate significance lies in its universal appeal. The attempt of this paper is to focus, not on Strindberg's psychology only but also explore the dimensions of his philosophy as it becomes manifested in his work. The study tries to reach its goal by having a journey in Strindberg's personal life. The attempt to explore the causes, consequences and nature of the contradictions, conflicts and the malicious personal relationships in Strindberg's plays, the study will be focusing on the following plays, The Father (1887), Miss Julie ( 1888), Creditors ( 1890), The Link (1897) A Dream Play (1902) and The Ghost Sonata (1907). As The Road to Damascus (1898) is central to Strindberg's philosophy, on this theme, the study also intends to give a brief look at this trilogy. Keywords: Strindberg, miasma, contradictions, trilogy.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125259821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-05-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66596
Renny K. Mutai
The significance of Kenya’s micro and small enterprises (MSE) activity has continued to grow since the sector was first brought to the limelight in 1972. In Kenya, it is now recognized that the promotion of the MSE sector is a viable and dynamic strategy for achieving national goals, including employment creation, poverty alleviation and balanced development between sectors and sub-sectors. Together, all this form the foundation of a strong national base and domestic production sector that is central to the government’s vision of achieving a newly industrialized country status by the year 2020. According to Kenya’s National Development Plan (1997), the MSE sector has been growing in importance both as a source of employment as well as innovative technologies. However, industrial technology development in Kenya is yet to take off. Kenya still relies heavily on imported technology. The plant and machinery that most MSEs use to produce goods and services have little technology (know-how) value. Due to the foregoing, the study reviews the current technological situation of the MSE sector in Kenya to determine the extent of government support services. The study also seeks to analyze how best this support can be delivered to help MSEs develop their technological capacities. The methodology that the study uses to achieve its objectives is documentary analysis and analytical narrative. The main finding of the study is that the major constraint in the MSE sector’s ability to upgrade its existing technological base is lack of national support. This weakness has undermined the development of indigenous labor intensive and local resource-using technologies. Key Words : micro and small enterprises, technology
{"title":"Micro and Small Enterprise Sector and Existing Support System with emphasis on High-Tech oriented Entrepreneurship in Kenya","authors":"Renny K. Mutai","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V3I1.66596","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of Kenya’s micro and small enterprises (MSE) activity has continued to grow since the sector was first brought to the limelight in 1972. In Kenya, it is now recognized that the promotion of the MSE sector is a viable and dynamic strategy for achieving national goals, including employment creation, poverty alleviation and balanced development between sectors and sub-sectors. Together, all this form the foundation of a strong national base and domestic production sector that is central to the government’s vision of achieving a newly industrialized country status by the year 2020. According to Kenya’s National Development Plan (1997), the MSE sector has been growing in importance both as a source of employment as well as innovative technologies. However, industrial technology development in Kenya is yet to take off. Kenya still relies heavily on imported technology. The plant and machinery that most MSEs use to produce goods and services have little technology (know-how) value. Due to the foregoing, the study reviews the current technological situation of the MSE sector in Kenya to determine the extent of government support services. The study also seeks to analyze how best this support can be delivered to help MSEs develop their technological capacities. The methodology that the study uses to achieve its objectives is documentary analysis and analytical narrative. The main finding of the study is that the major constraint in the MSE sector’s ability to upgrade its existing technological base is lack of national support. This weakness has undermined the development of indigenous labor intensive and local resource-using technologies. Key Words : micro and small enterprises, technology","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"35 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128985631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61527
M. Nzau
On the 11 th of July 2010; as funs watched the FIFA World Cup Finals around the world, two separate suicide bombings rocked Kampala, Uganda leading to the deaths of 79 people and injuring many others. Al-Shabaab, a fundamentalist group in Somalia immediately claimed responsibility. These events sparked widespread debate within scholarly circles as far as the counter-terrorism agenda in the Greater Horn of Africa is concerned. In recent years, terrorism has grown to become a vice of global magnitude. The Greater Horn of Africa has had its own share of terror attacks and terrorism-related activities since the late 1990s. The resilient anarchy in Somalia seems to have worsened the picture. Six years after the formation of the Transitional Federal Government in October 2004, Somalia is yet to have a fully operational government. This state of affairs, coupled with similar regional challenges made the Greater Horn an easy target for global crime syndicates- piracy, drugs and light weapons trafficking and most notably, international terrorism. Since late 2006, Somalia seems to be the epicentre of Islamic fundamentalism of the kind witnessed in the Middle-East in recent years. The countries in the region more often than not, are unable to tame the vice as they were plagued by internal challenges- active and/or potential conflicts amongst them. It is against this background that this paper sought to explore the challenges facing the counter terrorism agenda in the Horn of Africa with a view to assessing the evolving terrorism threat with specific reference to Somalia and further charting the way forward on the same. The researcher arrived at the conclusion that; international terrorist activities are not a preserve of any single country. It has both short and long-term effect on almost any country. The structural features on which terrorism thrives; particularly poverty, ignorance, bad governance, disorder and insecurity all need to be addressed not only as "the Somali problem" but one that involves all state and non-state actors in the Greater Horn of Africa. This calls for concerted economic, political and security cooperation now and in future. Key words: Somalia, terrorism, Al-Shabaab
{"title":"Counter-Terrorism in the Greater Horn of Africa 2004-2010: Revisiting the Somalia Question","authors":"M. Nzau","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61527","url":null,"abstract":"On the 11 th of July 2010; as funs watched the FIFA World Cup Finals around the world, two separate suicide bombings rocked Kampala, Uganda leading to the deaths of 79 people and injuring many others. Al-Shabaab, a fundamentalist group in Somalia immediately claimed responsibility. These events sparked widespread debate within scholarly circles as far as the counter-terrorism agenda in the Greater Horn of Africa is concerned. In recent years, terrorism has grown to become a vice of global magnitude. The Greater Horn of Africa has had its own share of terror attacks and terrorism-related activities since the late 1990s. The resilient anarchy in Somalia seems to have worsened the picture. Six years after the formation of the Transitional Federal Government in October 2004, Somalia is yet to have a fully operational government. This state of affairs, coupled with similar regional challenges made the Greater Horn an easy target for global crime syndicates- piracy, drugs and light weapons trafficking and most notably, international terrorism. Since late 2006, Somalia seems to be the epicentre of Islamic fundamentalism of the kind witnessed in the Middle-East in recent years. The countries in the region more often than not, are unable to tame the vice as they were plagued by internal challenges- active and/or potential conflicts amongst them. It is against this background that this paper sought to explore the challenges facing the counter terrorism agenda in the Horn of Africa with a view to assessing the evolving terrorism threat with specific reference to Somalia and further charting the way forward on the same. The researcher arrived at the conclusion that; international terrorist activities are not a preserve of any single country. It has both short and long-term effect on almost any country. The structural features on which terrorism thrives; particularly poverty, ignorance, bad governance, disorder and insecurity all need to be addressed not only as \"the Somali problem\" but one that involves all state and non-state actors in the Greater Horn of Africa. This calls for concerted economic, political and security cooperation now and in future. Key words: Somalia, terrorism, Al-Shabaab","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124063129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I2.61526
N. J. Nna, P. Igwe
This paper seeks to examine the extent to which Nigeria's democratic experience (1999-2007) has elevated the living standards of the majority of the people. It specifically aimed at search lighting the impact of the regime's key poverty reduction strategies vis-a-vis the overall poverty situation in the country in general and Rivers State in particular. The study focused on two poverty reduction strategies: National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) and the Rivers State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (RIVSEEDS). The study utilized the primary and secondary sources of data in realizing its central objective. The Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) method was also adopted in the course of this research work. The sample population was drawn from ten Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Rivers State; Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor, Ikwerre, Emohua, Etche, Omuma, Ahoada East, Ahoada West, Abua/Odual and Ogba-Egbema-Ndoni LGAs. The research work employed the Political Economy (P.E.) method of analysis. The PE approach elucidates in very clear terms how the policies and reforms of successive governments in Nigeria have debilitated the productive forces of a great number of her population. The findings of this study showed that the democratic experience has impacted little to the poverty situation of the people of Rivers State. It also revealed that the present government's poverty reduction programme is yet to be complemented by other macroeconomic policies to yield the desired results of poverty reduction, wealth creation and capacity building. KEY WORDS: DEMOCRACY, POVERTY REDUCTION; PARTICIPATORY POVERTY ASSESSMENT METHOD; POLITICAL ECONOMY APPROACH; NATIONAL POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMME (NAPEP) AND THE RIVERS STATE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (RIVSEEDS)
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