Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52010
Frederick K. Iraki
{"title":"The Nairobi Report: A review of the Research Status in Africa","authors":"Frederick K. Iraki","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130412016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51996
M. Nzau
In the article, the author examines the debates that have permeated Africa's quest to catch-up with the more developed countries of the North. It is noteworthy that since independence, Africa's industrialization process seemed to be a state-centric affair. In other words, the state has been the central player in Africa's industrialization process. At independence, of course, many factors favored or called for state dominance as well as state-driven industrialization process. Yet a bad political culture, weak political and social institutions, poor leadership and bad governance seem to have contributed to this failure from within. However, the fact still remains that at the beginning of the 21 st century, African countries do hold a lot of potential in terms of human and material resources that would enable them compete favorably with the more industrialized countries of Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific. Key words: Industrialization, Africa, politics, underdevelopment
{"title":"Africa’s Industrialization Debate: A Critical Analysis","authors":"M. Nzau","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51996","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the author examines the debates that have permeated Africa's quest to catch-up with the more developed countries of the North. It is noteworthy that since independence, Africa's industrialization process seemed to be a state-centric affair. In other words, the state has been the central player in Africa's industrialization process. At independence, of course, many factors favored or called for state dominance as well as state-driven industrialization process. Yet a bad political culture, weak political and social institutions, poor leadership and bad governance seem to have contributed to this failure from within. However, the fact still remains that at the beginning of the 21 st century, African countries do hold a lot of potential in terms of human and material resources that would enable them compete favorably with the more industrialized countries of Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific. Key words: Industrialization, Africa, politics, underdevelopment","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126160031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51988
Jefwa G. Mweri
Interpretation, which is an interactive face-to- face communicative event and interpreter's role is active and governed by social and linguistic knowledge of the entire communicative situation - this involves not only linguistic and cultural competence but also appropriate ways of speaking and managing the intercultural event of interpreting. Roy (2000) This paper examines the practice of interpretation in which interpreters are expected to "successfully make the linguistic and cultural adjustments necessary to convey meaning accurately" Davis (2000). Since interpretation is an interactive face-to face communicative event, how successful can interpreters make such adjustments and therefore convey meaning accurately in Sign Language interpretation? Effective interpretation is a complex issue. This complexity may result from the fact that "...translators build bridges not only between languages but between differences of two cultures.... Each language is a way of seeing and reflecting the delicate nuances of cultural perceptions, and it is the translator who not only reconstructs the equivalences of the words across linguistic boundaries but also reflects and transplants the emotional vibration of another culture." Schulte (1995) In this paper, we examine how cultural diversity may affect interpretation of messages by interpreters. Some of the areas we look at include: What problems are inherent in interpretation given that signs do not mean but people mean? And that culture is responsible for teaching us the symbols and what they represent?;Diversity in language use - how does it affect interpretation? ; Does direct and indirect use of language, social customs and relationships, how people express emotions have any bearing on interpretation?; How does lack of equivalences affect interpretation? Key words : Sign Language, Interpretation, Translation, linguistics, context
{"title":"Interpretation: signs and meaning, diversity in language use, equivalences and cultural untranslatability","authors":"Jefwa G. Mweri","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51988","url":null,"abstract":"Interpretation, which is an interactive face-to- face communicative event and interpreter's role is active and governed by social and linguistic knowledge of the entire communicative situation - this involves not only linguistic and cultural competence but also appropriate ways of speaking and managing the intercultural event of interpreting. Roy (2000) This paper examines the practice of interpretation in which interpreters are expected to \"successfully make the linguistic and cultural adjustments necessary to convey meaning accurately\" Davis (2000). Since interpretation is an interactive face-to face communicative event, how successful can interpreters make such adjustments and therefore convey meaning accurately in Sign Language interpretation? Effective interpretation is a complex issue. This complexity may result from the fact that \"...translators build bridges not only between languages but between differences of two cultures.... Each language is a way of seeing and reflecting the delicate nuances of cultural perceptions, and it is the translator who not only reconstructs the equivalences of the words across linguistic boundaries but also reflects and transplants the emotional vibration of another culture.\" Schulte (1995) In this paper, we examine how cultural diversity may affect interpretation of messages by interpreters. Some of the areas we look at include: What problems are inherent in interpretation given that signs do not mean but people mean? And that culture is responsible for teaching us the symbols and what they represent?;Diversity in language use - how does it affect interpretation? ; Does direct and indirect use of language, social customs and relationships, how people express emotions have any bearing on interpretation?; How does lack of equivalences affect interpretation? Key words : Sign Language, Interpretation, Translation, linguistics, context","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124529050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51997
F. Kamuzora
Information is lifeblood of tourism business, thus, effective efforts to empower members of rural communities to benefit sustainably from tourism industry should involve information management, inter alia. The paper details a case study conducted in Lushoto District, Tanzania where members of Friends of Usambara group participated in a process of empowering by uplifting their information management skills. The skills included information system analysis and development, computing as well as web developing. The case study employed a Community Informatics approach which is the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to enable community processes such as local economic development. Since such processes are complex and adaptive, the paper demonstrates application of one of Soft Operation Research (SOR) methods, namely, Soft System Methodology (SSM) in trying to empower members of community solve their economic challenges. Using some of SSM tools, participants in the case study were able to structure problem situation, create rich pictures, name relevant systems, define human activity systems, create stakeholders diagrams, analyse information and redesign information collection tools, and learn web authoring. These activities empowered the participants to undertake rural tourism business more effectively. Key words: Information, Usambara, Tanzania, community, technology
{"title":"Fostering Local Economic Development through Community Informatics: A Soft Systems Approach Case Study.","authors":"F. Kamuzora","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51997","url":null,"abstract":"Information is lifeblood of tourism business, thus, effective efforts to empower members of rural communities to benefit sustainably from tourism industry should involve information management, inter alia. The paper details a case study conducted in Lushoto District, Tanzania where members of Friends of Usambara group participated in a process of empowering by uplifting their information management skills. The skills included information system analysis and development, computing as well as web developing. The case study employed a Community Informatics approach which is the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to enable community processes such as local economic development. Since such processes are complex and adaptive, the paper demonstrates application of one of Soft Operation Research (SOR) methods, namely, Soft System Methodology (SSM) in trying to empower members of community solve their economic challenges. Using some of SSM tools, participants in the case study were able to structure problem situation, create rich pictures, name relevant systems, define human activity systems, create stakeholders diagrams, analyse information and redesign information collection tools, and learn web authoring. These activities empowered the participants to undertake rural tourism business more effectively. Key words: Information, Usambara, Tanzania, community, technology","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51995
P. Khaola
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the feelings of economic powerlessness & alienation on self-employment intentions of young people. The data used in the study was collected through a survey of students at the National University of Lesotho, and the correlation and factor analyses, as well as standard multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Two clear factor distinctions resulted from self-employment intentions, namely, self-employment intentions regardless of unemployment, and self-employment intentions in response to unemployment. Similarly, the feelings of economic powerlessness and alienation separated into two factors, namely, economic powerlessness and 'business exploits'. The feelings of economic powerlessness impacted negatively on self-employment intentions, and the feeling that 'business exploits' impacted positively on self-employment intentions in response to unemployment. The results of the study suggest that young people who have high feelings of economic powerlessness would not normally plan to start their own businesses. Key words : economic, powerlessness, alienation, job, unemployment
{"title":"The Impact of the feelings of Economic powerlessness and alienation on self- employment intentions","authors":"P. Khaola","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51995","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the feelings of economic powerlessness & alienation on self-employment intentions of young people. The data used in the study was collected through a survey of students at the National University of Lesotho, and the correlation and factor analyses, as well as standard multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Two clear factor distinctions resulted from self-employment intentions, namely, self-employment intentions regardless of unemployment, and self-employment intentions in response to unemployment. Similarly, the feelings of economic powerlessness and alienation separated into two factors, namely, economic powerlessness and 'business exploits'. The feelings of economic powerlessness impacted negatively on self-employment intentions, and the feeling that 'business exploits' impacted positively on self-employment intentions in response to unemployment. The results of the study suggest that young people who have high feelings of economic powerlessness would not normally plan to start their own businesses. Key words : economic, powerlessness, alienation, job, unemployment","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121462145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-02-25DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52006
G. Siundu, B. Wegesa
A dominant feature in the novels of Ngugi Wa Thiong'o is the way he presents Christians and Christianity, at best as indifferent to the plight of the majority of the people, and at worst as accomplices in institutionalized exploitation, humiliation and dehumanization of the greater majority. Parts of the explanation for Ngugi's impatience with Christianity lie, perhaps equally, in his childhood experiences as a colonial subject who was coerced into recognizing Christianity as equivalent to Western civilization, as well as his later encounter with Marxist thought that associated religion with the systematized economic exploitation of the majority of people. Yet as a model of spiritual organization, Christianity has no doubt played an important role in fashioning past and present individual and group identities with regard to existing structures of power, which is probably why Ngugi is unable to narrate the experiences of his people without allocating a remarkably large space to it. In light of this, we read the two novels as attempts by the writer to project the trauma caused by and the tensions of Christianity among the colonized subjects as important influences in the formation and development of (post)colonial Kenyan subjects. Key Words : Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Christianity, postcolonial, subjects.
Ngugi Wa Thiong'o小说的一个主要特点是他对基督徒和基督教的表现方式，往好了说，他们对大多数人的困境漠不关心，往坏了说，他们是对大多数人进行制度化剥削、羞辱和非人化的帮凶。Ngugi对基督教失去耐心的部分原因可能同样在于，他童年时作为殖民地臣民的经历，被迫承认基督教等同于西方文明，以及他后来遇到的马克思主义思想，将宗教与对大多数人的系统化经济剥削联系在一起。然而，作为一种精神组织的模式，基督教无疑在塑造过去和现在的个人和群体身份方面发挥了重要作用，这与现有的权力结构有关，这可能就是为什么Ngugi在叙述他的人民的经历时，不给它分配一个相当大的空间。有鉴于此，我们读这两部小说时，认为作者试图将基督教在被殖民主体中造成的创伤和紧张关系，作为(后)殖民肯尼亚主体形成和发展的重要影响。关键词:Ngugi Wa Thiong'o;基督教;后殖民;
{"title":"Christianity in Early Kenyan Novels: Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s Weep Not, Child and The River Between","authors":"G. Siundu, B. Wegesa","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.52006","url":null,"abstract":"A dominant feature in the novels of Ngugi Wa Thiong'o is the way he presents Christians and Christianity, at best as indifferent to the plight of the majority of the people, and at worst as accomplices in institutionalized exploitation, humiliation and dehumanization of the greater majority. Parts of the explanation for Ngugi's impatience with Christianity lie, perhaps equally, in his childhood experiences as a colonial subject who was coerced into recognizing Christianity as equivalent to Western civilization, as well as his later encounter with Marxist thought that associated religion with the systematized economic exploitation of the majority of people. Yet as a model of spiritual organization, Christianity has no doubt played an important role in fashioning past and present individual and group identities with regard to existing structures of power, which is probably why Ngugi is unable to narrate the experiences of his people without allocating a remarkably large space to it. In light of this, we read the two novels as attempts by the writer to project the trauma caused by and the tensions of Christianity among the colonized subjects as important influences in the formation and development of (post)colonial Kenyan subjects. Key Words : Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Christianity, postcolonial, subjects.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116502970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-30DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51999
Nadezhda Pavlovna Okello
This study sets out to establish the reasons why many students had difficulty in solving mathematical problems. Questionnaires distributed to six hundred and fifty students undertaking College Algebra over a period of three semesters of my teaching College Algebra at USIU in 2007 yielded responses which confirmed that indeed most of the students had difficulty in mathematics and gave varied reasons why this was the case. Lack of persistence, determination and confidence in oneself were some of the reasons established as the main obstacles that hinder most students from enjoying an otherwise exciting and interesting course. Further analysis of the performance of every student right from his/her final mathematics results at school upto his/her final mathematics examination results at the Fall 2007 in College Algebra gave additional reasons, stated else where in this study, for their poor performance in College Algebra. Key words : Mathematics, college algebra, confidence, persistence, determination, performance.
{"title":"Learning and Teaching College Algebra at University level: Challenges and Opportunities: A Case Study of USIU","authors":"Nadezhda Pavlovna Okello","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V2I1.51999","url":null,"abstract":"This study sets out to establish the reasons why many students had difficulty in solving mathematical problems. Questionnaires distributed to six hundred and fifty students undertaking College Algebra over a period of three semesters of my teaching College Algebra at USIU in 2007 yielded responses which confirmed that indeed most of the students had difficulty in mathematics and gave varied reasons why this was the case. Lack of persistence, determination and confidence in oneself were some of the reasons established as the main obstacles that hinder most students from enjoying an otherwise exciting and interesting course. Further analysis of the performance of every student right from his/her final mathematics results at school upto his/her final mathematics examination results at the Fall 2007 in College Algebra gave additional reasons, stated else where in this study, for their poor performance in College Algebra. Key words : Mathematics, college algebra, confidence, persistence, determination, performance.","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134249453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-26DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41772
Jn Ogutu
In today's information age, information is power. This article examines Jack Goody's pioneering theories, as found in two of his major books, and applies them to the African society. Lack of information means no progress or development. Useful information is acquired mainly through reading and writing. And these two life skills are in turn acquired in the process of education. Reading and writing, that is to say literacy, are therefore directly linked to development. Because of this link, people are either progressive or retrogressive. This dichotomy of human society may not be so distinct today as individuals are increasingly getting literate. Goody is a British social scientist who has studied human societies from a historicalanthropological perspective. He places written communication centre-stage in the evolution of human societies. It emerges, from the two books, that his theories are highly pertinent to the developing world, and especially to Kenya Keywords : Writing, literacy, development, Kenya, Jack Goody Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 62-75
{"title":"Writing Technology & Development: Insights from Jack Goody","authors":"Jn Ogutu","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41772","url":null,"abstract":"In today's information age, information is power. This article examines Jack Goody's pioneering theories, as found in two of his major books, and applies them to the\u0000African society. Lack of information means no progress or development. Useful\u0000information is acquired mainly through reading and writing. And these two life\u0000skills are in turn acquired in the process of education. Reading and writing, that is\u0000to say literacy, are therefore directly linked to development. Because of this link,\u0000people are either progressive or retrogressive. This dichotomy of human society\u0000may not be so distinct today as individuals are increasingly getting literate. Goody\u0000is a British social scientist who has studied human societies from a historicalanthropological\u0000perspective. He places written communication centre-stage in the\u0000evolution of human societies. It emerges, from the two books, that his theories are\u0000highly pertinent to the developing world, and especially to Kenya Keywords : Writing, literacy, development, Kenya, Jack Goody Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 62-75","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123551953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-26DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41775
A. Kioko
Language plays an important role in teaching and learning activities whether the teachers and learners are conscious or unconscious of this. Thus language and communication are the most important components of the school curriculum (Lopez, 2000, p.1). This is because there is a very close relationship between language and thought. As Muthwii (2002, p. 1) notes, “special problems arise in multilingual communities where learners frequently join the school system equipped with home languages that are often different from the languages of education”. A consequence of this is that the learner is expected to acquire and utilize skills using a language he or she is not quite proficient in. It is, however, usually expected that by the time students join university they have enough of the language of instruction to function effectively in their major areas of study and to interact with the acquisition and propagation of knowledge at that level. Recent studies on learner English have, however, shown that the language of high school graduates, (Nyamasyo, 1992) and even that of university students (Njoroge, 1996) have the same type of errors as those observed in the English of learners at lower levels of education. If many students entering the universities today have not attained the expected English level, what should be done to counter this challenge? Using an analysis of students' performance in an English Placement Test, this paper discusses the English language needs of Kenyan students at the time of entry to the university; appraises the programs which are put in place to address this need in the local universities; and makes recommendations on what universities in Kenya ought to be doing in order to produce students that can compete internationally and fit in the global academic field. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 99-111
无论教师和学习者是否意识到这一点，语言在教学活动中起着重要的作用。因此，语言和交流是学校课程中最重要的组成部分(洛佩兹，2000年，第1页)。这是因为语言和思想之间有着非常密切的关系。正如Muthwii (2002, p. 1)所指出的那样，“在多语言社区中，学习者经常加入学校系统，配备的母语往往与教育语言不同，因此会出现特殊问题”。这样做的结果是，学习者被期望获得和使用他或她不太精通的语言的技能。然而，人们通常期望，到学生进入大学时，他们已经掌握了足够的教学语言，以便在他们的主要研究领域有效地发挥作用，并与该层次知识的获取和传播相互作用。然而，最近对学习者英语的研究表明，高中毕业生(Nyamasyo, 1992)甚至大学生(Njoroge, 1996)的语言与受教育程度较低的学习者的英语中所观察到的错误类型相同。如果今天许多进入大学的学生没有达到预期的英语水平，应该做些什么来应对这一挑战?本文通过分析学生在英语分班测试中的表现，讨论了肯尼亚学生在进入大学时的英语语言需求;评估当地大学为满足这一需求而实施的项目;并就肯尼亚的大学应该做些什么提出建议，以便培养出能够在国际上竞争并适应全球学术领域的学生。《非洲语言、技术与创业》Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 99-111
{"title":"A case for teaching English as a service subject at universities in Kenya","authors":"A. Kioko","doi":"10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41775","url":null,"abstract":"Language plays an important role in teaching and learning activities whether the\u0000teachers and learners are conscious or unconscious of this. Thus language and\u0000communication are the most important components of the school curriculum (Lopez,\u00002000, p.1). This is because there is a very close relationship between language and\u0000thought. As Muthwii (2002, p. 1) notes, “special problems arise in multilingual\u0000communities where learners frequently join the school system equipped with home\u0000languages that are often different from the languages of education”. A consequence\u0000of this is that the learner is expected to acquire and utilize skills using a language he\u0000or she is not quite proficient in. It is, however, usually expected that by the time\u0000students join university they have enough of the language of instruction to function\u0000effectively in their major areas of study and to interact with the acquisition and\u0000propagation of knowledge at that level. Recent studies on learner English have,\u0000however, shown that the language of high school graduates, (Nyamasyo, 1992) and\u0000even that of university students (Njoroge, 1996) have the same type of errors as\u0000those observed in the English of learners at lower levels of education. If many\u0000students entering the universities today have not attained the expected English level,\u0000what should be done to counter this challenge?\u0000Using an analysis of students' performance in an English Placement Test, this\u0000paper discusses the English language needs of Kenyan students at the time of\u0000entry to the university; appraises the programs which are put in place to address\u0000this need in the local universities; and makes recommendations on what\u0000universities in Kenya ought to be doing in order to produce students that can\u0000compete internationally and fit in the global academic field. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 99-111","PeriodicalId":447944,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-26DOI: 10.4314/JOLTE.V1I2.41773
K. Nakamura
Kenya is an ethnically diverse country comprising over forty ethnic groups. While the diversity should make up the richness of culture and ways of life, the ‘tribe' mentality is the root cause of many problems that Sub-Sahara African nations face. In Africa, different ethnic groups compete for national resource such as “land, political power, natural resources, social and economic power” (Osore 2008), and “tribalism still infuses all aspects of society” (Wax 2005). Sadly, higher education does not seem to be an exception. That could be the reason why in the past, the Kenyan Government used to exercise a lot of control over the public universities in terms of contents of curriculum, hiring and firing of staff and lecturers, approving conference and seminars, among many others, in order to meet its own political ends, thus curtailing academic freedom (Mwiria 2001). After the introduction of multipartism in 1992, the situation began changing with the State and other political formations now competing to influence the educational sector. For instance, some months before the general election in December 2007, many of the student bodies of the public universities' were reportedly re-aligned to one of three major political forces of the time, which were aligned to some ethnic groups. “Tribalism and ethnicity have almost become the second name for the student body,” and “the tribal politics being played out between the ODM and the PNU1 groupings have been extended wholesale to the student community”2. During the last General Election, the two leading political parties of the time approached the Students Affairs Council, the students' Affairs body at United States International University (USIU), a private university, but the student officials declined to be associated with any of the political parties, as it was against the policy of the university3. Consequently, there was no election campaign that took place on the USIU campus. This paper attempts to investigate whether or not ethnicity is a determinant of student learning at university in a country like Kenya that is rocked by ethnic violence. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa Vol. 1 (2) 2009: pp. 76-89
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