The author offers a future-oriented transportation research agenda contribution in an open international system context, with a particular focus on US-Europe interest. The author presents a promising joint research effort's four pillars, and covers a wide variety of topics and issues.
{"title":"In Search of a Transport Policy Research Agenda","authors":"P. Nijkamp","doi":"10.1400/53740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/53740","url":null,"abstract":"The author offers a future-oriented transportation research agenda contribution in an open international system context, with a particular focus on US-Europe interest. The author presents a promising joint research effort's four pillars, and covers a wide variety of topics and issues.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"85-86 1","pages":"1000-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73234550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this paper ranks 14 major U.S. passenger airlines in terms of their technical efficiencies at transforming their inputs into their primary output, available seat-miles, in 2004. The inputs are labor, aircraft fuel, and fleet-wide aircraft seating capacity. There is some evidence that the 7 discount carriers included in this research are more technically efficient than the 7 legacy carriers studied. The production cost advantage that the discount carriers have over the legacy carriers appears to stem in part from superior technical efficiency and does not originate solely in paying lower prices for certain inputs, such as labor or fuel costs.
{"title":"Are the discount airlines actually more efficient than the legacy carriers? : a data envelopment analysis","authors":"Mark R. Greer","doi":"10.1400/16958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16958","url":null,"abstract":"Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this paper ranks 14 major U.S. passenger airlines in terms of their technical efficiencies at transforming their inputs into their primary output, available seat-miles, in 2004. The inputs are labor, aircraft fuel, and fleet-wide aircraft seating capacity. There is some evidence that the 7 discount carriers included in this research are more technically efficient than the 7 legacy carriers studied. The production cost advantage that the discount carriers have over the legacy carriers appears to stem in part from superior technical efficiency and does not originate solely in paying lower prices for certain inputs, such as labor or fuel costs.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"79 1","pages":"1000-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76128830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This goal of this paper is to define the optimal tariffs policy and resulting schedule of replacement of aircraft for meeting the travel demand at each moment in time when the actual transport capacity decreases due to the physical deterioration of aircraft. The author shows that between 2 successive replacements of old aircraft, the optimal pricing consists always of quoting first the optimal instantaneous monopoly tariff for the time when the existing transportation capacity meets the demand level corresponding to that price, and then dampening demand to the actual transportation capacity; the length of the time interval between 2 successive replacements of an aircraft is constant.
{"title":"Aircraft Replacement and Tariff Policy","authors":"Ornella Tarola","doi":"10.1400/16959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16959","url":null,"abstract":"This goal of this paper is to define the optimal tariffs policy and resulting schedule of replacement of aircraft for meeting the travel demand at each moment in time when the actual transport capacity decreases due to the physical deterioration of aircraft. The author shows that between 2 successive replacements of old aircraft, the optimal pricing consists always of quoting first the optimal instantaneous monopoly tariff for the time when the existing transportation capacity meets the demand level corresponding to that price, and then dampening demand to the actual transportation capacity; the length of the time interval between 2 successive replacements of an aircraft is constant.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"1000-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75410065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents results from a study that employed expressed preference techniques to assess 'willingness-to-pay' for indirect use and non-use values in the context of rural rail service. The study reports evidence suggesting that households would be willing to pay betweeen $2-4 (British pounds)/week to retain the rail service. While these findings are largely consistent with earlier exploratory work, the estimated values are subject to some uncertainty. Accordingly, one of the aims of the paper is to present the employed methodology and contribute to further understanding in this area.
{"title":"The significance of indirect use and non-use values in transport appraisal","authors":"Fowkes, M. Humphreys","doi":"10.1400/16957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16957","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results from a study that employed expressed preference techniques to assess 'willingness-to-pay' for indirect use and non-use values in the context of rural rail service. The study reports evidence suggesting that households would be willing to pay betweeen $2-4 (British pounds)/week to retain the rail service. While these findings are largely consistent with earlier exploratory work, the estimated values are subject to some uncertainty. Accordingly, one of the aims of the paper is to present the employed methodology and contribute to further understanding in this area.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":"1000-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77505600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Integration of concepts and abductive reasoning","authors":"G. Tucci","doi":"10.1400/16956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16956","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"63 1","pages":"1000-1011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88409236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the asymmetric predictive power of freight transportation to aggregate fluctuation in the US economy. Cargo traffic has been found to precede recession while being coincident with recovery in economy-wide business cycles. Its role in business cycles is described by a stage-of-fabrication model. Results from the asymmetric model confirm that freight transportation is more predictive of economic downturns than upturns, while inventory cycles are more informative in signalling economic recovery. The forecasting power of freight transportation to aggregate economic fluctuation is valid over a 12-month horizon for downturns and over about a 6-month horizon for upturns. (A)
{"title":"Modeling the predictive power of freight transportation to the aggregate economy: an asymmetric approach","authors":"Vincent Yao","doi":"10.1400/16949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16949","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the asymmetric predictive power of freight transportation to aggregate fluctuation in the US economy. Cargo traffic has been found to precede recession while being coincident with recovery in economy-wide business cycles. Its role in business cycles is described by a stage-of-fabrication model. Results from the asymmetric model confirm that freight transportation is more predictive of economic downturns than upturns, while inventory cycles are more informative in signalling economic recovery. The forecasting power of freight transportation to aggregate economic fluctuation is valid over a 12-month horizon for downturns and over about a 6-month horizon for upturns. (A)","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"1000-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we examine the pricing policy, and the ensuing optimal expansion of the aircraft fleet capacity, for a monopolistic air company. We characterise the optimal pricing and show that the resulting capacity ex-pansion is such that the length of the time interval between two successive purchases of a plane is constant through time.
{"title":"Air traffic expansion and monopoly princing","authors":"J. Gabszewicz, Ornella Tarola","doi":"10.1400/16940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16940","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the pricing policy, and the ensuing optimal expansion of the aircraft fleet capacity, for a monopolistic air company. We characterise the optimal pricing and show that the resulting capacity ex-pansion is such that the length of the time interval between two successive purchases of a plane is constant through time.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":"161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72817111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the close association between freight transportation and industrial production and input inventory investment, as suggested by a simple stage-of-fabrication model that incorporates transportation. Visual comparisons suggest a similarity between cycles of freight flows and input inventory. The author found that freight movements are predictive of economic recessions, a feature explained through the connection between freight movements and inventory cycles and industrial production. For-hire freight movements are more closely related with activities in manufacturing than those in the trade sector, most notably materials-supplies inventories used for production. The author tests his theory using two time series techniques: the Granger causality test and impulse response function. The Granger test confirmed the significant feedback effect between freight movements, production, and inventory investment in a linear framework. The impulse response function showed that adjustment of freight movements in the transportation sector is highly synchronized with adjustment of production and inventory control by firms in the manufacturing sector.
{"title":"The Casual Linkages between Freight and Economic Fluctuations.","authors":"Vincent Yao","doi":"10.1400/16939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16939","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the close association between freight transportation and industrial production and input inventory investment, as suggested by a simple stage-of-fabrication model that incorporates transportation. Visual comparisons suggest a similarity between cycles of freight flows and input inventory. The author found that freight movements are predictive of economic recessions, a feature explained through the connection between freight movements and inventory cycles and industrial production. For-hire freight movements are more closely related with activities in manufacturing than those in the trade sector, most notably materials-supplies inventories used for production. The author tests his theory using two time series techniques: the Granger causality test and impulse response function. The Granger test confirmed the significant feedback effect between freight movements, production, and inventory investment in a linear framework. The impulse response function showed that adjustment of freight movements in the transportation sector is highly synchronized with adjustment of production and inventory control by firms in the manufacturing sector.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"1000-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83396096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Innovative Transit Finance (ITF) is a concept that has become increasingly common in the discussion of transit policy in the U.S. ITF has also received increased attention from transit agencies themselves as they strive to maintain or increase service in the face of local government resistance to providing general revenue support. ITF is defined as revenue sources other than the traditional three: transit fares, general revenue funding of local governments, or intergovernmental transfers from the state or federal government. This article reports on a study that documents the changing nature of transit finance, and examines the state of ITF adoption among agencies in the state of Florida. The study was designed to assess how the ideas behind ITF are actually being put into practice through interviews with stakeholders and examinations of transit system structures. The authors examined the attitudes of stakeholders toward ITF both at the state and local levels, and explore the factors that are affecting the adoption of ITF programs. The authors found that rather than simply adopting a set of one-size-fits-all techniques from a limited menu of options, individual transit agencies have adapted a wide variety of techniques to suit their own unique needs. The authors conclude that, although the attitudes toward ITF are generally positive, actual implementation of ITF has been limited.
{"title":"The potential impact of innovative transit finance : evidence from Florida","authors":"E. Bierhanzl, G. Paul, K. Simmonds","doi":"10.1400/16942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16942","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative Transit Finance (ITF) is a concept that has become increasingly common in the discussion of transit policy in the U.S. ITF has also received increased attention from transit agencies themselves as they strive to maintain or increase service in the face of local government resistance to providing general revenue support. ITF is defined as revenue sources other than the traditional three: transit fares, general revenue funding of local governments, or intergovernmental transfers from the state or federal government. This article reports on a study that documents the changing nature of transit finance, and examines the state of ITF adoption among agencies in the state of Florida. The study was designed to assess how the ideas behind ITF are actually being put into practice through interviews with stakeholders and examinations of transit system structures. The authors examined the attitudes of stakeholders toward ITF both at the state and local levels, and explore the factors that are affecting the adoption of ITF programs. The authors found that rather than simply adopting a set of one-size-fits-all techniques from a limited menu of options, individual transit agencies have adapted a wide variety of techniques to suit their own unique needs. The authors conclude that, although the attitudes toward ITF are generally positive, actual implementation of ITF has been limited.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"20 1","pages":"1000-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88071074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reports on a study of the cost structure and cost elasticities, economies of scale, demand for factor of production, and factor substitution in Municipal Transport Undertakings (MTUs, bus transport companies) in India. The author estimated a translog cost function using the data of seven major MTUs for which consistent data are available from 1990-1991 and 2001-2002. The author found that the average cost curve for MTUs is U-shaped and it is decreasing for the mean firm. That is, the typical firm operating at the sample mean of the variables is subject to economies of scale. Analysis of returns to scale experienced by each firm during recent years of the sample period indicates that all MTUs are operating on economies of scale. The author notes that economies of scale is increasing over time. Thus, merger of different firms operating in the same city would be desirable in terms of cost savings since a single, larger firm could exploit economies of scale more effectively. The author also found that all of the MTUs experienced technological regress during recent years; this problem is more pronounced for smaller firms than for larger firms. Finally, the author reports that all input demands are price inelastic and the cross-price effect is very weak.
{"title":"Costs Economies of Scale and Factor Demand in Urban Bus Transport. An Analysis of Municipal Transport Undertakings in India","authors":"S. Singh","doi":"10.1400/16941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1400/16941","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on a study of the cost structure and cost elasticities, economies of scale, demand for factor of production, and factor substitution in Municipal Transport Undertakings (MTUs, bus transport companies) in India. The author estimated a translog cost function using the data of seven major MTUs for which consistent data are available from 1990-1991 and 2001-2002. The author found that the average cost curve for MTUs is U-shaped and it is decreasing for the mean firm. That is, the typical firm operating at the sample mean of the variables is subject to economies of scale. Analysis of returns to scale experienced by each firm during recent years of the sample period indicates that all MTUs are operating on economies of scale. The author notes that economies of scale is increasing over time. Thus, merger of different firms operating in the same city would be desirable in terms of cost savings since a single, larger firm could exploit economies of scale more effectively. The author also found that all of the MTUs experienced technological regress during recent years; this problem is more pronounced for smaller firms than for larger firms. Finally, the author reports that all input demands are price inelastic and the cross-price effect is very weak.","PeriodicalId":44910,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Transport Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"1000-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88959204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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