Objective: To analyze worldwide research trends and patterns on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) for the study period from January 2021 to December 2022. Materials and methods: Current descriptive bibliometric study used SciVerse Scopus to retrieve relevant articles. Results: The search strategy found 2,886 articles. Scholars from the United States participated in one-third of the retrieved articles. International research collaboration in the field was relatively strong. The retrieved articles focused on healthcare workers, epidemiologic studies, and misinformation. In addition to “Vaccine” and “Vaccines” journals, Lancet and BMJ journals had a leading role in the emergence of the topic. Leading global universities such as Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, and University College London were most prolific in publishing articles on the topic. Conclusions: All countries and regions need information on VH to increase public awareness and counteract antivaccination movements.
{"title":"Analyzing research trends and patterns on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A bibliometric study from 2021 to 2022","authors":"W. Sweileh","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13186","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze worldwide research trends and patterns on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH) for the study period from January 2021 to December 2022.\u0000Materials and methods: Current descriptive bibliometric study used SciVerse Scopus to retrieve relevant articles.\u0000Results: The search strategy found 2,886 articles. Scholars from the United States participated in one-third of the retrieved articles. International research collaboration in the field was relatively strong. The retrieved articles focused on healthcare workers, epidemiologic studies, and misinformation. In addition to “Vaccine” and “Vaccines” journals, Lancet and BMJ journals had a leading role in the emergence of the topic. Leading global universities such as Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, and University College London were most prolific in publishing articles on the topic.\u0000Conclusions: All countries and regions need information on VH to increase public awareness and counteract antivaccination movements.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44123502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abuhammad, Shaher Hamaideh, M. Gharaibeh, Enas A. Assaf, H. Al-Qasem, K. Eldeirawi
Aims: To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D). Results: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support. Conclusion: This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.
{"title":"Depression among Jordanian women during pregnancy in COVID-19: Role of social support","authors":"S. Abuhammad, Shaher Hamaideh, M. Gharaibeh, Enas A. Assaf, H. Al-Qasem, K. Eldeirawi","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13093","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe the level of depression and social support experienced by pregnant Jordanian women and assess the role of support and other factors on depression level among a sample of Jordanian women during pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000Method: The study invitation and link to an online survey were shared during November 2021 via social media and through word of mouth. A convenience sample of 434 pregnant women completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on their COVID-19 status, demographics, depression, and social. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressive Scale (CES-D).\u0000Results: The prevalence of depression among women during pregnancy was 28.3%. The mean of depression score among women during pregnancy was 24.3±4.4. The prevalence of social support among women during pregnancy were (63%). The mean social support score among the participants was 39.3±9.1. Factors associated with a higher depression score included not get influenza vaccination, not having insurance, described life as poor, having pressure, and not having social support.\u0000Conclusion: This is a national study among women during pregnancy in Jordan. The study found that people who took influenza vaccination, having insurance, described life as poor, and having pressure, they experience more depression than other people. Moreover, our study found as social support increased, the depression decreased.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49064778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, the number of people willing to receive the vaccine has not yet reached the level for herd immunity. Using the health belief model with governmental information support, this study examined private self-consciousness in combination with other factors that influence the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Materials and methods: The perceived susceptibility to and perceived seriousness of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and perceived barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine, governmental information support, private self-consciousness, and the intention to receive the vaccine were examined in 523 adults. The data were analyzed with partial least squares regression. Results: The results indicate that private self-consciousness reduces the effect of perceived susceptibility on the intention to receive the vaccine and the negative effect of the perceived barriers to receiving it on intention. Conclusion: The information provided by the public health department should focus on perceived seriousness and perceived benefits because they are not affected by private self-consciousness.
{"title":"The effect of private self-consciousness on the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine","authors":"Y. Lai","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, the number of people willing to receive the vaccine has not yet reached the level for herd immunity. Using the health belief model with governmental information support, this study examined private self-consciousness in combination with other factors that influence the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.\u0000Materials and methods: The perceived susceptibility to and perceived seriousness of COVID-19, perceived benefits of and perceived barriers to the COVID-19 vaccine, governmental information support, private self-consciousness, and the intention to receive the vaccine were examined in 523 adults. The data were analyzed with partial least squares regression.\u0000Results: The results indicate that private self-consciousness reduces the effect of perceived susceptibility on the intention to receive the vaccine and the negative effect of the perceived barriers to receiving it on intention.\u0000Conclusion: The information provided by the public health department should focus on perceived seriousness and perceived benefits because they are not affected by private self-consciousness.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42993491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aljehani, Turki Al-Turaiki, Roaa Algowiez, Muhammad Iftikhar Ahmed, Eiman Alshammari, M. Abdel Hadi
Gigantomastia is a rare pathologic condition characterized by an excessive and abnormal breast hypertrophy. To date, there is no exact definition or classification of this disease. Pathogenesis still unclear. The purpose of this article is to present a case of extreme and disabling gigantomastia caused by pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, one of the rarest etiology of gigantomastia.
{"title":"A rare case of gigantomastia caused by pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia","authors":"R. Aljehani, Turki Al-Turaiki, Roaa Algowiez, Muhammad Iftikhar Ahmed, Eiman Alshammari, M. Abdel Hadi","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13147","url":null,"abstract":"Gigantomastia is a rare pathologic condition characterized by an excessive and abnormal breast hypertrophy. To date, there is no exact definition or classification of this disease. Pathogenesis still unclear. The purpose of this article is to present a case of extreme and disabling gigantomastia caused by pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, one of the rarest etiology of gigantomastia.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45878893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Calderón-Ticona, K. J. Cardoza-Jiménez, Giannina Katiza Quispe-Pachas, C. Mejía
Background: To determine the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), medical attention and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at the Archbishop Loayza National Hospital. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, involved interviewing 181 T2DM patients and recording their actions regarding three aspects–self-care measures, medical care, and spending on medicines–before and during the pandemic. The relationships between the variables were established using descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: During the pandemic, self-care decreased to 37%; 26% had access to medical care. Patients in the provinces experienced better self-care (Lima: 35%; Provinces: 61%; p=0.002). Patients with comorbidities also took good care of themselves (with comorbidities: 41%; without comorbidities: 29%; p=0.036). Conclusions: COVID-19 had a negative influence on T2DM patients regarding self-care and medical care. One out of four patients received medical care. Additionally, being outside Lima and having comorbidities were associated with better self-care during the pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic, medical attention, and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes at a Peru-based hospital: An analytical cross-sectional study","authors":"Jorge Calderón-Ticona, K. J. Cardoza-Jiménez, Giannina Katiza Quispe-Pachas, C. Mejía","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To determine the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), medical attention and self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at the Archbishop Loayza National Hospital. \u0000Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, involved interviewing 181 T2DM patients and recording their actions regarding three aspects–self-care measures, medical care, and spending on medicines–before and during the pandemic. The relationships between the variables were established using descriptive and analytical statistics.\u0000Results: During the pandemic, self-care decreased to 37%; 26% had access to medical care. Patients in the provinces experienced better self-care (Lima: 35%; Provinces: 61%; p=0.002). Patients with comorbidities also took good care of themselves (with comorbidities: 41%; without comorbidities: 29%; p=0.036).\u0000Conclusions: COVID-19 had a negative influence on T2DM patients regarding self-care and medical care. One out of four patients received medical care. Additionally, being outside Lima and having comorbidities were associated with better self-care during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45786433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madaleine López-Hinostroza, J. Dávila, Angélica Y. Asencio, Jeel Moya-Salazar
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we present the case of a patient with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with cavitary lung lesions. A 61-year-old painter-and-bricklayer. She was admitted due to mMRC2 dyspnea, a dry cough that during hospitalization mobilizes dense, abundant secretions, and becomes demanding. Differential diagnoses were made based on clinical symptoms and images, performing multiple laboratory tests ruling out immunosuppression, and two video-bronchofibroscopies finding the diagnosis in the transbronchial lung biopsy: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma that would explain the abundant bronchorrhea, advanced stage and poor prognosis led to ventilatory failure and death of the patient.
{"title":"Confluent cavitated nodules in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma: A case report","authors":"Madaleine López-Hinostroza, J. Dávila, Angélica Y. Asencio, Jeel Moya-Salazar","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13151","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare variant of lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we present the case of a patient with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma with cavitary lung lesions. A 61-year-old painter-and-bricklayer. She was admitted due to mMRC2 dyspnea, a dry cough that during hospitalization mobilizes dense, abundant secretions, and becomes demanding. Differential diagnoses were made based on clinical symptoms and images, performing multiple laboratory tests ruling out immunosuppression, and two video-bronchofibroscopies finding the diagnosis in the transbronchial lung biopsy: Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma that would explain the abundant bronchorrhea, advanced stage and poor prognosis led to ventilatory failure and death of the patient.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48548131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanisms and causes of hyperglycemia (HG) during coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly in its unstable forms, remain not fully investigated. The study aimed to determine the effect of newly detected HG on the course of CHD and examine the features of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with CHD. The study was conducted in Moscow (Russia) in 2018-2021. A total of 139 patients with CHD aged 43 to 79 years were examined. All participants were divided into comparison groups, including 34 patients with average glucose levels, 28 patients with fasting HG, 46 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 31 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The range of laboratory examinations included general clinical tests of blood and urine, determination of blood urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, bilirubin and its fractions, the activity of hepatic transaminases, the study of carbohydrate metabolism, lipidogram, ionogram, and coagulogram. First-time diagnosed HG was a fairly frequent diagnosis in CHD patients (in 105 (75.5%) of 139 patients examined). IGT and type 2 diabetes mellitus recently detected in CHD patients have common disease-causing factors: insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and sympathetic nervous system activation against the background of reduced parasympathetic effects. All of this should be considered in developing treatment regimens for CHD patients and controlling risk factors.
{"title":"Effect of newly detected hyperglycemia on the course of coronary heart disease","authors":"","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13182","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanisms and causes of hyperglycemia (HG) during coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly in its unstable forms, remain not fully investigated. The study aimed to determine the effect of newly detected HG on the course of CHD and examine the features of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with CHD. The study was conducted in Moscow (Russia) in 2018-2021. A total of 139 patients with CHD aged 43 to 79 years were examined. All participants were divided into comparison groups, including 34 patients with average glucose levels, 28 patients with fasting HG, 46 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 31 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The range of laboratory examinations included general clinical tests of blood and urine, determination of blood urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein, bilirubin and its fractions, the activity of hepatic transaminases, the study of carbohydrate metabolism, lipidogram, ionogram, and coagulogram. First-time diagnosed HG was a fairly frequent diagnosis in CHD patients (in 105 (75.5%) of 139 patients examined). IGT and type 2 diabetes mellitus recently detected in CHD patients have common disease-causing factors: insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders, and sympathetic nervous system activation against the background of reduced parasympathetic effects. All of this should be considered in developing treatment regimens for CHD patients and controlling risk factors.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danh Cuong Tran, Anh Linh Dang, Thi Ngoc Lan Hoang, Chi Thanh Nguyen, Thi Minh Phuong Le, Thi Ngoc Mai Dinh, Van Anh Tran, Thi Kim Phuong Doan, Thi Trang Nguyen
The prevalence of thalassemia among the Vietnamese population was studied, and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) for prenatal screening of thalassemia were created. A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women and their husbands visiting from October 2020 to December 2021. A total of 10,112 medical records of first-time pregnant women and their husbands were collected. CDSS including two different types of systems for prenatal screening for thalassemia (expert system [ES] and four artificial intelligence [AI]-based CDSS) was built. 1,992 cases were used to train and test machine learning (ML) models while 1,555 cases were used for specialized ES evaluation. There were 10 key variables for AI-based CDSS for ML. The four most important features in thalassemia screening were identified. Accuracy of ES and AI-based CDSS was compared. The rate of patients with alpha thalassemia is 10.73% (1,085 patients), the rate of patients with beta-thalassemia is 2.24% (227 patients), and 0.29% (29 patients) of patients carry both alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia gene mutations. ES showed an accuracy of 98.45%. Among AI-based CDSS developed, multilayer perceptron model was the most stable regardless of the training database (accuracy of 98.50% using all features and 97.00% using only the four most important features). AI-based CDSS showed satisfactory results. Further development of such systems is promising with a view to their introduction into clinical practice.
{"title":"Prevalence of thalassemia in the Vietnamese population and building a clinical decision support system for prenatal screening for thalassemia","authors":"Danh Cuong Tran, Anh Linh Dang, Thi Ngoc Lan Hoang, Chi Thanh Nguyen, Thi Minh Phuong Le, Thi Ngoc Mai Dinh, Van Anh Tran, Thi Kim Phuong Doan, Thi Trang Nguyen","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13206","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of thalassemia among the Vietnamese population was studied, and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) for prenatal screening of thalassemia were created. A cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women and their husbands visiting from October 2020 to December 2021. A total of 10,112 medical records of first-time pregnant women and their husbands were collected. CDSS including two different types of systems for prenatal screening for thalassemia (expert system [ES] and four artificial intelligence [AI]-based CDSS) was built. 1,992 cases were used to train and test machine learning (ML) models while 1,555 cases were used for specialized ES evaluation. There were 10 key variables for AI-based CDSS for ML. The four most important features in thalassemia screening were identified. Accuracy of ES and AI-based CDSS was compared. The rate of patients with alpha thalassemia is 10.73% (1,085 patients), the rate of patients with beta-thalassemia is 2.24% (227 patients), and 0.29% (29 patients) of patients carry both alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia gene mutations. ES showed an accuracy of 98.45%. Among AI-based CDSS developed, multilayer perceptron model was the most stable regardless of the training database (accuracy of 98.50% using all features and 97.00% using only the four most important features). AI-based CDSS showed satisfactory results. Further development of such systems is promising with a view to their introduction into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136375897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prognosis of hypertension leads to organ damage by causing nephropathy, stroke, retinopathy and cardiomegaly. Kidney, retinopathy and blood pressure (BP) have been discussed in plenty in relation with catecholamines of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and angiotensin II of renin angiotensin aldosterone system but very little have been told about the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the regulation of kidney function, retinopathy and BP. ECS is a unique system in the body, which can be considered as master regulator of body functions. It encompasses endogenous production of its cannabinoids, its degrading enzymes and functional receptors, which innervate and perform various functions in different organs of the body. Kidney, retinopathy and BP pathologies arise normally due to elevated catecholamine and ang II, which are vasoconstrictor in their biological nature. Question arise which system or agent counterbalances the vasoconstrictors effect of noradrenaline and ang II in normal individuals? This review will not only try to illustrate the significance of ECS in the kidney and BP regulation but also establish the connection of ECS with ANS and ang II. This review will also explain that ECS, which is vasodilator in its action either independently counteract the effect produced with the vasoconstriction of ANS and ang II or by blocking some of the common pathways shared by ECS, ANS, and ang II in the regulation of kidney and BP regulation. This article conclude that persistent control of BP and normal functions of kidney is maintained either by decreasing systemic catecholamine, ang II or by up regulation of ECS, which will result in the regression of nephropathy, stroke, retinopathy, and cardiomegaly induced by hypertension.
{"title":"Endocannabinoid system: An untold story in hypertensive nephropathy","authors":"Ashfaq Ahmad","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13055","url":null,"abstract":"Prognosis of hypertension leads to organ damage by causing nephropathy, stroke, retinopathy and cardiomegaly. Kidney, retinopathy and blood pressure (BP) have been discussed in plenty in relation with catecholamines of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and angiotensin II of renin angiotensin aldosterone system but very little have been told about the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the regulation of kidney function, retinopathy and BP. ECS is a unique system in the body, which can be considered as master regulator of body functions. It encompasses endogenous production of its cannabinoids, its degrading enzymes and functional receptors, which innervate and perform various functions in different organs of the body. Kidney, retinopathy and BP pathologies arise normally due to elevated catecholamine and ang II, which are vasoconstrictor in their biological nature. Question arise which system or agent counterbalances the vasoconstrictors effect of noradrenaline and ang II in normal individuals? This review will not only try to illustrate the significance of ECS in the kidney and BP regulation but also establish the connection of ECS with ANS and ang II. This review will also explain that ECS, which is vasodilator in its action either independently counteract the effect produced with the vasoconstriction of ANS and ang II or by blocking some of the common pathways shared by ECS, ANS, and ang II in the regulation of kidney and BP regulation. This article conclude that persistent control of BP and normal functions of kidney is maintained either by decreasing systemic catecholamine, ang II or by up regulation of ECS, which will result in the regression of nephropathy, stroke, retinopathy, and cardiomegaly induced by hypertension.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49238253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aljofan, Ainash Oshibayeva, I. Moldaliyev, Yerbolat Saruarov, Tilektes Maulenkul, A. Gaipov
Lack of adherence to recommended therapy will reduce its effectiveness and can subsequently lead to disease progression, disabilities or even death. A vast number of research studies have emphasized the magnitude of medication nonadherence and its effect on treatment outcomes, patient’s health, healthcare providers and the associated costs; medication nonadherence remains a major concern that is believed to be widely practiced amongst medication taking patients. The current systemic review aims to cohere the available evidence regarding medication nonadherence rate, practices, and potential affecting factors and predictors. A search through different databases was conducted, including PubMed, Medline, and CINHAL for recently published research articles, within five years. The terms used for the search include medication nonadherence, medication nonadherence, factors affecting medication nonadherence and predictors of medication nonadherence. The search was limited to human subjects, English language journal articles and exclusion of review articles, case studies, and data from clinical trials as patient adherence is closely observed. The search resulted in 667 articles and only 65 articles were included and further screened. However, according to our exclusion criteria, 15 articles only were included in this review. The three most reported practices of medication nonadherence are prescription abandonment, nonconforming, and non-persistence. There are five reported factors that may lead to nonadherence practices such as socioeconomic-related factors, healthcare system-related factors, patient-related factors, disease-related factors, and therapy-related factors. In conclusion, medication nonadherence practice is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that requires a multi-targeted solution.
{"title":"The rate of medication nonadherence and influencing factors: A systematic Review","authors":"M. Aljofan, Ainash Oshibayeva, I. Moldaliyev, Yerbolat Saruarov, Tilektes Maulenkul, A. Gaipov","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12946","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of adherence to recommended therapy will reduce its effectiveness and can subsequently lead to disease progression, disabilities or even death. A vast number of research studies have emphasized the magnitude of medication nonadherence and its effect on treatment outcomes, patient’s health, healthcare providers and the associated costs; medication nonadherence remains a major concern that is believed to be widely practiced amongst medication taking patients. The current systemic review aims to cohere the available evidence regarding medication nonadherence rate, practices, and potential affecting factors and predictors. A search through different databases was conducted, including PubMed, Medline, and CINHAL for recently published research articles, within five years. The terms used for the search include medication nonadherence, medication nonadherence, factors affecting medication nonadherence and predictors of medication nonadherence. The search was limited to human subjects, English language journal articles and exclusion of review articles, case studies, and data from clinical trials as patient adherence is closely observed.\u0000The search resulted in 667 articles and only 65 articles were included and further screened. However, according to our exclusion criteria, 15 articles only were included in this review. The three most reported practices of medication nonadherence are prescription abandonment, nonconforming, and non-persistence. There are five reported factors that may lead to nonadherence practices such as socioeconomic-related factors, healthcare system-related factors, patient-related factors, disease-related factors, and therapy-related factors. In conclusion, medication nonadherence practice is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that requires a multi-targeted solution.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：