Y. Tan, C. Gan, Muhammad Hakimin Shafie, P. Yap, A. Mohd Rodhi, Ashfaq Ahmad, V. Murugaiyah, M. Abdulla, E. Johns
Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to obesity and can directly lead to several critical public health concerns globally. This paper aimed to present a brief review of related properties and the use of pancreatic lipase inhibitors as the future weight loss drug discovery and development procured from a wide range of natural sources. A total of 176 pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides were identified from recent publications and peptide databases. These peptides were classified into three categories according to their peptide length and further analyzed using bioinformatic approaches to identify their structural activity relationship. Molecular docking analyses were conducted for each amino acid at the terminal position of the peptides to predict the binding affinity between peptide-enzyme protein complexes based on intermolecular contact interactions. Overall, the observations revealed the features of the inhibitory peptides and their inhibitory mechanisms and interactions. These findings strived to benefit scientists whose research may be relevant to anti-obesity drug development and/or discovery thereby support effective translation of preclinical research for humans’ health being.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on the pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides: A future anti-obesity strategy","authors":"Y. Tan, C. Gan, Muhammad Hakimin Shafie, P. Yap, A. Mohd Rodhi, Ashfaq Ahmad, V. Murugaiyah, M. Abdulla, E. Johns","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12943","url":null,"abstract":"Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis contributes to obesity and can directly lead to several critical public health concerns globally. This paper aimed to present a brief review of related properties and the use of pancreatic lipase inhibitors as the future weight loss drug discovery and development procured from a wide range of natural sources. A total of 176 pancreatic lipase inhibitory peptides were identified from recent publications and peptide databases. These peptides were classified into three categories according to their peptide length and further analyzed using bioinformatic approaches to identify their structural activity relationship. Molecular docking analyses were conducted for each amino acid at the terminal position of the peptides to predict the binding affinity between peptide-enzyme protein complexes based on intermolecular contact interactions. Overall, the observations revealed the features of the inhibitory peptides and their inhibitory mechanisms and interactions. These findings strived to benefit scientists whose research may be relevant to anti-obesity drug development and/or discovery thereby support effective translation of preclinical research for humans’ health being.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48072738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mea’ad M Harahsheh, T. Mukattash, S. Al-shatnawi, Rana K. Abu‐Farha, D. D'Arcy, A. Jarab, S. Abuhammad
Objective: The primary goals of our research were to explore pharmacists’ perception of breastfeeding friendly pharmacy (BFPh) requirements and factors associated with their awareness about these requirements. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered survey. A convenience sample (n=381) of community pharmacists, was recruited through social media resources. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 35. The frequency or percentages were used for categorical variables while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. Also, linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors affecting pharmacists’ awareness about BFPh requirements. Results: The majority of recruited pharmacists were female (n=329, 86.4%), aged between 23 to 30 years of age (78.7%, n=300). The most common steps to describe a pharmacy as a BFPh from the perspective of surveyed pharmacists were training all pharmacy staff to develop the necessary skills (n=239, 62.7%)) followed by informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding (n=225, 59.1%)) and having a written policy on feeding infants and young children according to the recommendations of the WHO and in compliance with the international code (n=209, 54.9%)). Furthermore, pharmacists aging 40 years or less showed a significantly higher awareness about BFPh requirements compared to those aging above 40 years (beta=-0.013, p= 0.045). In addition, 37% (n=142) of pharmacists perceived that answering general questions or concerns on general medication intake while breastfeeding babies is their major role in breastfeeding support. Conclusion: Breastfeeding support is a promising area for promoting professional pharmacy services. Training all pharmacy staff and informing all pregnant about the benefit of breastfeeding are the most common two steps to describe a pharmacy as BFPh. Additionally, the awareness of BFPh requirement was associated with pharmacists age. Future focus should be placed on implementing BFPh project in Jordanian pharmacies, where the steps of this project are modified in line with the capabilities of pharmacies in Jordan within governmental pharmaceutical control.
{"title":"Breastfeeding friendly pharmacy from pharmacists perspective","authors":"Mea’ad M Harahsheh, T. Mukattash, S. Al-shatnawi, Rana K. Abu‐Farha, D. D'Arcy, A. Jarab, S. Abuhammad","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12940","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The primary goals of our research were to explore pharmacists’ perception of breastfeeding friendly pharmacy (BFPh) requirements and factors associated with their awareness about these requirements.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered survey. A convenience sample (n=381) of community pharmacists, was recruited through social media resources. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS software version 35. The frequency or percentages were used for categorical variables while means and standard deviations were used for continuous variables. Also, linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors affecting pharmacists’ awareness about BFPh requirements.\u0000Results: The majority of recruited pharmacists were female (n=329, 86.4%), aged between 23 to 30 years of age (78.7%, n=300). The most common steps to describe a pharmacy as a BFPh from the perspective of surveyed pharmacists were training all pharmacy staff to develop the necessary skills (n=239, 62.7%)) followed by informing all pregnant women about the benefits of breastfeeding (n=225, 59.1%)) and having a written policy on feeding infants and young children according to the recommendations of the WHO and in compliance with the international code (n=209, 54.9%)). Furthermore, pharmacists aging 40 years or less showed a significantly higher awareness about BFPh requirements compared to those aging above 40 years (beta=-0.013, p= 0.045). In addition, 37% (n=142) of pharmacists perceived that answering general questions or concerns on general medication intake while breastfeeding babies is their major role in breastfeeding support.\u0000Conclusion: Breastfeeding support is a promising area for promoting professional pharmacy services. Training all pharmacy staff and informing all pregnant about the benefit of breastfeeding are the most common two steps to describe a pharmacy as BFPh. Additionally, the awareness of BFPh requirement was associated with pharmacists age. Future focus should be placed on implementing BFPh project in Jordanian pharmacies, where the steps of this project are modified in line with the capabilities of pharmacies in Jordan within governmental pharmaceutical control.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49628454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Elgazzar, Tomader T Abdel-Rahman, H. Sweed, Ramy M Mahmoud, Heba Y Kamel
Aim: To investigate the association of serum homocysteine levels with cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A case-control study on 200 elderlies >60 years who were distributed into two groups: group 1 (cases): 100 patients with CKD and group 2 (controls): 100 subjects who do not have CKD. All subjects undergo comprehensive geriatric assessment, cognitive assessment, and biochemical investigations including serum homocysteine. Results: The odds ratio of having impaired clinical dementia rating scores is 3.1 for CKD cases compared to controls. CKD patients have almost 3 times the risk of having cognitive impairment [OR=3.1; 95% CI (1.6-6.0)]. The mean serum homocysteine (18.2 μmol/L) among CKD showed a highly statistically significance compared to controls (10.1 μmol/L). Performance of multiple cognitive domains was reduced in association with elevated homocysteine levels. By using linear regression model for the factors independently related to cognitive performance among studied CKD cases, it was found that diabetes mellitus, educational level, age, and serum homocysteine level were strongly associated with consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease neuropsychological battery total scores. Respecting the percentage variance explained by each significant variable (R2), serum homocysteine level is an independent significant variable predictor with the total scores. Conclusion: The main features of cognitive impairment in CKD patients are executive dysfunction and memory impairment. Poor cognitive function in CKD patients was related with a higher homocysteine level independently.
{"title":"Relationship between homocysteine and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Y. Elgazzar, Tomader T Abdel-Rahman, H. Sweed, Ramy M Mahmoud, Heba Y Kamel","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13024","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the association of serum homocysteine levels with cognitive function in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).\u0000Methods: A case-control study on 200 elderlies >60 years who were distributed into two groups: group 1 (cases): 100 patients with CKD and group 2 (controls): 100 subjects who do not have CKD. All subjects undergo comprehensive geriatric assessment, cognitive assessment, and biochemical investigations including serum homocysteine.\u0000Results: The odds ratio of having impaired clinical dementia rating scores is 3.1 for CKD cases compared to controls. CKD patients have almost 3 times the risk of having cognitive impairment [OR=3.1; 95% CI (1.6-6.0)]. The mean serum homocysteine (18.2 μmol/L) among CKD showed a highly statistically significance compared to controls (10.1 μmol/L). Performance of multiple cognitive domains was reduced in association with elevated homocysteine levels. By using linear regression model for the factors independently related to cognitive performance among studied CKD cases, it was found that diabetes mellitus, educational level, age, and serum homocysteine level were strongly associated with consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease neuropsychological battery total scores. Respecting the percentage variance explained by each significant variable (R2), serum homocysteine level is an independent significant variable predictor with the total scores.\u0000Conclusion: The main features of cognitive impairment in CKD patients are executive dysfunction and memory impairment. Poor cognitive function in CKD patients was related with a higher homocysteine level independently.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42979685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manal Ayyash, K. Jaber, Rajaa Daghash, Rana K. Abu‐Farha, E. Alefishat
Objectives: This study was designed to assess the awareness of women of the risk factors and preventive measures of osteoporosis. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Jordan. During the study period, a convenience sample of women were invited to participate via a survey link communicated through social media. Linear regression was used to screen independent variables affecting participants’ awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and preventive measures. Results: 426 women agreed to participate in this study, with a median age of 38.5 years (IQR=16.0). Results showed that women have a median awareness score of 5.0 out of 9.0 (IQR=4.0) about osteoporosis risk factors, whereas women with higher educational levels (diploma or higher) and those with medical-related degrees have a higher awareness about osteoporosis risk factors compared to others (p≤0.05). Medical websites were the primary source used to obtain information about osteoporosis by the participating women (n=236, 55.4%). Also, results showed that more than 90% of the women believed that osteoporosis is a chronic silent disease that makes your bones less dense and more fragile (n=418, 98.1%), and that bone strength may increase by taking vitamin D and calcium (n=405, 95.0%). Conclusion: This study showed that women had an intermediate level of awareness of osteoporosis and prevention measures. The importance of medical websites and social media as sources of information was also demonstrated. More public targeted campaigns are needed to promote awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors, prevention, and treatment.
{"title":"Perception and awareness of osteoporosis and its related risk factors among women: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Manal Ayyash, K. Jaber, Rajaa Daghash, Rana K. Abu‐Farha, E. Alefishat","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13010","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was designed to assess the awareness of women of the risk factors and preventive measures of osteoporosis.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in Jordan. During the study period, a convenience sample of women were invited to participate via a survey link communicated through social media. Linear regression was used to screen independent variables affecting participants’ awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors, and preventive measures.\u0000Results: 426 women agreed to participate in this study, with a median age of 38.5 years (IQR=16.0). Results showed that women have a median awareness score of 5.0 out of 9.0 (IQR=4.0) about osteoporosis risk factors, whereas women with higher educational levels (diploma or higher) and those with medical-related degrees have a higher awareness about osteoporosis risk factors compared to others (p≤0.05).\u0000Medical websites were the primary source used to obtain information about osteoporosis by the participating women (n=236, 55.4%). Also, results showed that more than 90% of the women believed that osteoporosis is a chronic silent disease that makes your bones less dense and more fragile (n=418, 98.1%), and that bone strength may increase by taking vitamin D and calcium (n=405, 95.0%).\u0000Conclusion: This study showed that women had an intermediate level of awareness of osteoporosis and prevention measures. The importance of medical websites and social media as sources of information was also demonstrated. More public targeted campaigns are needed to promote awareness of osteoporosis, its risk factors, prevention, and treatment.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Husna Hassan, N. Draman, Raihan Hassan, N. Ali, Salziyan Badrin
Kratom is a botanical plant product that is used around the world, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is believed that it has potential benefits as a painkiller and for relieving fatigue. Specifically, kratom can produce an opioid effect, which makes it addictive. We report a 26-year-old man who presented to the clinic for treatment of kratom use disorder. He was willing to be treated because he could no longer withstand the withdrawal effect and the financial cost of his addiction. Our team successfully initiated treatment using buprenorphine-naloxone (suboxone) in pill form to treat his kratom use disorder. The patient also received non-pharmacological treatment such as psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and motivational interviews. He was successfully treated with suboxone and within a week he was kratom free and happy.
{"title":"The use of opioid in treating a patient with kratom use disorder: A case report","authors":"Husna Hassan, N. Draman, Raihan Hassan, N. Ali, Salziyan Badrin","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/13056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/13056","url":null,"abstract":"Kratom is a botanical plant product that is used around the world, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is believed that it has potential benefits as a painkiller and for relieving fatigue. Specifically, kratom can produce an opioid effect, which makes it addictive. We report a 26-year-old man who presented to the clinic for treatment of kratom use disorder. He was willing to be treated because he could no longer withstand the withdrawal effect and the financial cost of his addiction. Our team successfully initiated treatment using buprenorphine-naloxone (suboxone) in pill form to treat his kratom use disorder. The patient also received non-pharmacological treatment such as psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and motivational interviews. He was successfully treated with suboxone and within a week he was kratom free and happy.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Puad Munirah, Noraini Mohamad, M. N. Norhayati, Azzahra Nurul Azman
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. One rare, potentially life-threatening complication of nephrotic syndrome is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Sudden episodes of neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, or focal neurological deficits with radiological findings of white matter abnormalities in the parietal and occipital lobes characterize it. Multiple factors predispose an individual with nephrotic syndrome to PRES, such as uncontrolled hypertension, reduced serum albumin levels, administration of drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), anasarca, disturbed body fluid status and renal insufficiency. Here, we report a case of PRES in a seven-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome who presented with high blood pressure while admitted to the ward. Her neurological symptom rapidly recovered after the control of hypertension. Recurrence of acute severe hypertension, nephrotic state (edema/ hypoalbuminemia), and renal insufficiency may lead to recurrent PRES. Thus, early treatment of trigger factors, especially of hypertension, is vital to reduce the episodes of PRES.
{"title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: A conundrum of nephrotic syndrome complication","authors":"Mohd Puad Munirah, Noraini Mohamad, M. N. Norhayati, Azzahra Nurul Azman","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12835","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema. One rare, potentially life-threatening complication of nephrotic syndrome is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Sudden episodes of neurological symptoms such as headache, confusion, seizures, or focal neurological deficits with radiological findings of white matter abnormalities in the parietal and occipital lobes characterize it. Multiple factors predispose an individual with nephrotic syndrome to PRES, such as uncontrolled hypertension, reduced serum albumin levels, administration of drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), anasarca, disturbed body fluid status and renal insufficiency. Here, we report a case of PRES in a seven-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome who presented with high blood pressure while admitted to the ward. Her neurological symptom rapidly recovered after the control of hypertension. Recurrence of acute severe hypertension, nephrotic state (edema/ hypoalbuminemia), and renal insufficiency may lead to recurrent PRES. Thus, early treatment of trigger factors, especially of hypertension, is vital to reduce the episodes of PRES.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44978336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: In the general population, where 6 to 20% of individuals experience anxiety disorders, children also experience a higher burden of anxiety. We undertook a systematic review In order to examine and summarize the results from studies that estimated the prevalence of anxiety and/or its associated risk factors in the pediatric populations of Arab nations, primarily the gulf countries. Methods: Any study that focused on the pediatric population and completed in Arab nations to determine the incidence of anxiety and/or its risk factors among children under the age of 18. The review had 13 articles were included. Results: The results of the systematic review found that there was a wide variation in the prevalence of anxiety among children. At least 30.2% of the children were found to suffer from anxiety and the prevalence could go up to 60% in some countries with a higher prevalence among girls than boys. Associated factors of anxiety were diverse including exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, parenting style, living with parents suffering from mental disorders, school type, and being female. Conclusion: The findings of the review demonstrate the higher prevalence of anxiety among children as almost at least one-third of children suffer from anxiety in the Gulf countries. The program managers and the respective government of these Arab countries need to devise some strategies and interventions that not only focus on the children but also their environment.
{"title":"Burden and risk factors of anxiety disorders among Arabic pediatric population: A systematic review","authors":"A. Alkhateeb","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12850","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In the general population, where 6 to 20% of individuals experience anxiety disorders, children also experience a higher burden of anxiety. We undertook a systematic review In order to examine and summarize the results from studies that estimated the prevalence of anxiety and/or its associated risk factors in the pediatric populations of Arab nations, primarily the gulf countries.\u0000Methods: Any study that focused on the pediatric population and completed in Arab nations to determine the incidence of anxiety and/or its risk factors among children under the age of 18. The review had 13 articles were included.\u0000Results: The results of the systematic review found that there was a wide variation in the prevalence of anxiety among children. At least 30.2% of the children were found to suffer from anxiety and the prevalence could go up to 60% in some countries with a higher prevalence among girls than boys. Associated factors of anxiety were diverse including exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, parenting style, living with parents suffering from mental disorders, school type, and being female.\u0000Conclusion: The findings of the review demonstrate the higher prevalence of anxiety among children as almost at least one-third of children suffer from anxiety in the Gulf countries. The program managers and the respective government of these Arab countries need to devise some strategies and interventions that not only focus on the children but also their environment.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41926612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. De la Cruz Ku, Christian Rojas Contreras, Diego Chambergo-Michilot, J. Torres-Roman, F. Príncipe-Meneses, Flavia Rioja Torres, Fátima Campana Zamudio, Gonzalo Pérez Pachas, Alfredo Huamán Modesto, V. Chavez
Objectives: We aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel diagnosed with HIV. Furthermore, we determined the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence, the complications and mortality. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV, confirmed by Western blot at a single institution from 1989-2020. Descriptive analyses were performed for all the variables using mean and standard deviation (SD) in the case of quantitative variables, and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Results: Of the 161 patients included, 95.7% were males and the mean age was 39.59 years (SD= 16.45 years). Most had college or higher education (67.7%) and were on active duty at diagnosis (77%). 35.4% had AIDS at diagnosis; 28.6% opportunistic infections; and 8.1% tuberculosis. The median follow-up was five years. 94.4% of the patients received HAART as the principal treatment; of these, 88.8% was adherent to treatment, and death was reported in 6.8%. There were no factors associated with adherence. Conclusions: Although the sociodemographic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel are similar to those of other countries, our findings suggest that Peruvian military personnel present higher adherence to HAART compared to previous studies in other military populations from South American countries. Further studies are recommended to assess specific factors attributed to these successful outcomes in the military personnel that can be applied in other hospitals.
{"title":"HIV therapy adherence and outcomes in Peruvian military personnel over a 30-year period","authors":"G. De la Cruz Ku, Christian Rojas Contreras, Diego Chambergo-Michilot, J. Torres-Roman, F. Príncipe-Meneses, Flavia Rioja Torres, Fátima Campana Zamudio, Gonzalo Pérez Pachas, Alfredo Huamán Modesto, V. Chavez","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12776","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel diagnosed with HIV. Furthermore, we determined the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) adherence, the complications and mortality.\u0000Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV, confirmed by Western blot at a single institution from 1989-2020. Descriptive analyses were performed for all the variables using mean and standard deviation (SD) in the case of quantitative variables, and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables.\u0000Results: Of the 161 patients included, 95.7% were males and the mean age was 39.59 years (SD= 16.45 years). Most had college or higher education (67.7%) and were on active duty at diagnosis (77%). 35.4% had AIDS at diagnosis; 28.6% opportunistic infections; and 8.1% tuberculosis. The median follow-up was five years. 94.4% of the patients received HAART as the principal treatment; of these, 88.8% was adherent to treatment, and death was reported in 6.8%. There were no factors associated with adherence.\u0000Conclusions: Although the sociodemographic characteristics of Peruvian military personnel are similar to those of other countries, our findings suggest that Peruvian military personnel present higher adherence to HAART compared to previous studies in other military populations from South American countries. Further studies are recommended to assess specific factors attributed to these successful outcomes in the military personnel that can be applied in other hospitals.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44153147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Syafiqah Sainuddin, A. Abdul Kadir, Rosnani Zakaria
Monkeypox is a rare disease originating in Africa and has recently gained the spotlight globally because of the increasing cases reported in Western Europe and North America. However, since July 2022, the World Health Organization has declared this disease a public health emergency of international concern as the cases were rising globally. We report a case of the severe form of rashes of hand-foot-and-mouth-disease to distinguish it from current outbreaks of the monkeypox virus. Hopefully, this case report will aid primary care physicians in their ability to recognize and distinguish between a severe hand-foot-and-mouth-disease rash and an infection with the monkeypox virus. So, effective management and treatment may aid patients in enhancing their quality of life.
{"title":"Monkeypox or hand-foot-and-mouth-disease: A case report","authors":"Siti Syafiqah Sainuddin, A. Abdul Kadir, Rosnani Zakaria","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12896","url":null,"abstract":"Monkeypox is a rare disease originating in Africa and has recently gained the spotlight globally because of the increasing cases reported in Western Europe and North America. However, since July 2022, the World Health Organization has declared this disease a public health emergency of international concern as the cases were rising globally. We report a case of the severe form of rashes of hand-foot-and-mouth-disease to distinguish it from current outbreaks of the monkeypox virus. Hopefully, this case report will aid primary care physicians in their ability to recognize and distinguish between a severe hand-foot-and-mouth-disease rash and an infection with the monkeypox virus. So, effective management and treatment may aid patients in enhancing their quality of life.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Nur Syakinah Md Sabudin, L. H. Yaacob, N. Draman
Background: Childhood urolithiasis is previously rare but increasingly recognized nowadays. Presentation varies, and often children, do not present with the classical symptoms commonly seen in adults. Case report: This case was initially presented to the emergency department with atypical symptoms of nephrolithiasis. Therefore, he was treated for acute appendicitis before an ultrasound abdomen revealed there is gross hydronephrosis, which is secondary to pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction. CT abdomen was then proceeded, found right nephrolithiasis and vesicoureteric calculus with right hydroureter and gross hydronephrosis. Retrograde pyelography (RPG), ureteroscopy (URS), and insertion of the stent for right pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction were performed and subsequently, he developed complications. Conclusion: The initial presentation of this case is common however not a classical presentation of renal stone. Therefore, evaluation of the symptoms and initial investigations should be done properly, so that we will not miss this common disease with the rare presentation, especially in children.
{"title":"An atypical presentation of urolithiasis with pyonephrosis in a child: A case report","authors":"Siti Nur Syakinah Md Sabudin, L. H. Yaacob, N. Draman","doi":"10.29333/ejgm/12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12852","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood urolithiasis is previously rare but increasingly recognized nowadays. Presentation varies, and often children, do not present with the classical symptoms commonly seen in adults.\u0000Case report: This case was initially presented to the emergency department with atypical symptoms of nephrolithiasis. Therefore, he was treated for acute appendicitis before an ultrasound abdomen revealed there is gross hydronephrosis, which is secondary to pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction. CT abdomen was then proceeded, found right nephrolithiasis and vesicoureteric calculus with right hydroureter and gross hydronephrosis. Retrograde pyelography (RPG), ureteroscopy (URS), and insertion of the stent for right pelvic-ureteric junction obstruction were performed and subsequently, he developed complications.\u0000Conclusion: The initial presentation of this case is common however not a classical presentation of renal stone. Therefore, evaluation of the symptoms and initial investigations should be done properly, so that we will not miss this common disease with the rare presentation, especially in children.","PeriodicalId":44930,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of General Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45962857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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