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Piezoelectric Performance of Microbial Chitosan Thin Film Derived from Aspergillus oryzae 米曲霉微生物壳聚糖薄膜的压电性能
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-27 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.47260
Muhamad Izzuddin Bin Zamli, M. Akmal, Fazeela Niazi, F. Ahmad, F. Hisham
In this study, chitosan thin film derived from Aspergillus oryzae cell walls was fabricated and characterised. First, the chitosan from the fungal biomass was extracted (0.18 g/g) with 52.25% of degree of deacetylation obtained through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Subsequently, several parameters of the chitosan thin film fabrication were optimised, including chitosan solution volume and drying temperature. Resultantly, the highest mechanical quality factor (3.22±0.012), the lowest dissipation factor (0.327±0.0003) and the best tensile strength (13.35±0.045 MPa) were obtained when pure chitosan was dissolved in 35 ml of 0.25 M formic acid and dried at 60 ˚C. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis presented a fine chitosan agglomerate distributed in the formic acid. The optimised fabricated, fungal-derived chitosan thin film was validated, recording a mechanical quality factor of 3.68 and dissipation factor of 0.248; both values were comparable to the synthetic polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thin film. Thus, fungal-derived chitosan thin film can potentially be used as a piezoelectric material.
本研究制备了米曲霉细胞壁壳聚糖薄膜并对其进行了表征。首先,从真菌生物质中提取壳聚糖(0.18g/g),通过傅立叶变换红外光谱获得52.25%的脱乙酰度。随后,对壳聚糖薄膜制备的几个参数进行了优化,包括壳聚糖溶液体积和干燥温度。结果,当纯壳聚糖溶于35ml 0.25M甲酸中并在60˚C下干燥时,获得了最高的机械品质因数(3.22±0.012)、最低的耗散因数(0.327±0.0003)和最佳的拉伸强度(13.35±0.045MPa)。此外,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,在甲酸中分布着精细的壳聚糖团聚体。对优化制造的真菌衍生的壳聚糖薄膜进行了验证,记录了3.68的机械品质因数和0.248的耗散因数;这两个值都与合成聚合物聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)薄膜相当。因此,真菌衍生的壳聚糖薄膜可以潜在地用作压电材料。
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引用次数: 1
Thermal Performance of Double Pass Solar Air Heater With Tubular Solar Absorber 带管式太阳能吸收器的双通道太阳能空气加热器的热性能
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-26 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46328
N. Hussein, Sabah T Ahmed, A. Ekaid
In this investigation, the effect of replacing the conventional solar absorber with a new solar absorber on the thermal performance of a double-pass solar air heater has been studied experimentally and numerically.  Three configurations have been introduced, the first configuration is a double pass solar air heater with a flat plate solar absorber (DPSAHWFP) for the aim of comparison, and the second configuration is a double pass solar air heater with a tubular absorber that includes a set of tubes which are fitted perpendicularly to the direction of airflow (DPSAHWT-1),  and the third configuration is double-pass solar air heater with a tubular absorber that involves set of tubes which are fitted in parallel to the direction of airflow (DPSAHWT-2). The experiments have been carried out under indoor conditions at a constant heat flux equal to 1000 W/m2 and different air mass flow rates (0.01– 0.03 kg/s). The results revealed that the air mass flow rate has a substantial impact compared to the rise in air temperature, hence, the thermal performance of solar air heater is directly proportional to increase air mass flow rate. In addition, the experimental and numerical outcomes indicated that for all air flow rates. The (DPSAHWT-2) offers higher thermal performance as compared to other models, where the maximum effective efficiency has been obtained at 0.03 kg/s equal to 80.9 %. Moreover, (DPSAHWT-2) is more efficient than DPSAHWFP and DPSAHWT-1 by 4.2 % and 9.8 % respectively.
在本研究中,通过实验和数值研究了用新的太阳能吸收器取代传统的太阳能吸收器对双程太阳能空气加热器热性能的影响。已经介绍了三种配置,第一种配置是具有平板太阳能吸收器(DPSAHWFP)的双程太阳能空气加热器,用于比较,第二种配置是带有管状吸收器的双程太阳空气加热器,管状吸收器包括一组垂直于气流方向安装的管(DPSAHWT-1),第三种配置是具有管状吸收器的双通太阳能空气加热器,该管状吸收器包括平行于气流方向安装的一组管(DPSAHWT-2)。实验是在室内条件下进行的,热通量恒定,等于1000 W/m2,空气质量流量不同(0.01–0.03 kg/s)。结果表明,与空气温度的升高相比,空气质量流量具有显著的影响,因此,太阳能空气加热器的热性能与空气质量流量的增加成正比。此外,实验和数值结果表明,对于所有的空气流速。与其他型号相比,(DPSAHWT-2)具有更高的热性能,在其他型号中,最大有效效率为0.03 kg/s,相当于80.9%。此外,(DPSAHWT-2)的效率分别比DPSAHWFP和DPSAHWT-1高4.2%和9.8%。
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引用次数: 5
Comparative Study on Oven and Solar Drying of Agricultural Residues and Food Crops 农用秸秆和粮食作物烘箱干燥与日光干燥的比较研究
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45180
Mehmood Ali, Fazeela Niazi, M. Siddiqui, M. Saleem
The current study examined reduction of moisture from agricultural energy and food crops in a conventional oven to a solar dryer at various treatment periods at temperature between 40 ± 10 oC.  Sugarcane bagasse and Phragmites Australis had initial moisture of 50.8 % and 6.07 % by dry weight, respectively, with higher heating values (HHV) 6548.5 kJ/kg and 17653.02 kJ/kg respectively. The moisture content of bagasse and phragmites were decreased by 51.31% and 68.69% respectively using oven drying, while the moisture content of bagasse and phragmites was reduced by 48.01% and 66.22% respectively, using solar drying with 5 hrs treatment time. Corresponding increase in HHV’s observed in bagasse to 11195.6 KJ/kg (oven drying) and 10998.1 KJ/kg (solar drying), while HHV of phragmites increased to 18706.79KJ/kg (oven drying) and 18685.36KJ/kg (solar drying). Green chillies had a moisture content reduction by 33.69 % (oven) and 8.28 % (solar), whereas grapes had a reduction by 31.20 % (oven) and 7.88 % (solar) with 5 hrs treatment time. The oven drying approach revealed higher carbohydrate content in food crops when compared to solar drying, while both treatments showed a similar drop in protein, fat, and vitamin C contents. Statistical and energy analysis observed that comparing solar drying; the oven drying eliminates slightly higher moisture content and have less drying energy requirements.  The amount of heat energy required for drying unit mass of bagasse was 0.476 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.556 kJ/kg (solar), for phragmites it was 0.074 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.092 kJ/kg (solar), for chilles 0.524 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.576 kJ/kg (solar) and for grapes 0.123 kJ/kg (oven) and 0.157 MJ/kg (solar). According to the results solar drying required greater quantity of heat energy than oven drying. Mass transfer analysis showed drying constant of bagasse and phragmites were higher initially, then showed reducing trend with respect time. Furthermore, it was observed that the effective diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient were found reducing with respect to increasing drying treatment time. The research findings of renewable solar drying, on the other hand, are comparable to those of oven drying, demonstrating that there is still enough untapped heat energy available for its utilization in biomass thermo-chemical conversion methods.
目前的研究检查了在40±10℃的温度下,在不同的处理时期,将传统烤箱中的农业能源和粮食作物中的水分减少到太阳能烘干机。甘蔗渣和芦苇的初始湿度分别为50.8%和6.07%,热值(HHV)较高,分别为6548.5 kJ/kg和17653.02 kJ/kg。烘箱干燥可使甘蔗渣和芦苇的含水率分别降低51.31%和68.69%,日光干燥5 h可使甘蔗渣和芦苇的含水率分别降低48.01%和66.22%。甘蔗渣的HHV分别增加了11195.6 KJ/kg和10998.1 KJ/kg(烘箱干燥),芦苇的HHV分别增加了18706.79KJ/kg和18685.36KJ/kg(日光干燥)。在5小时的处理时间内,绿辣椒的含水率分别降低了33.69%(烘箱)和8.28%(太阳能),而葡萄的含水率分别降低了31.20%(烘箱)和7.88%(太阳能)。烘箱干燥方法表明,与日光干燥相比,粮食作物中的碳水化合物含量更高,而两种处理方法的蛋白质、脂肪和维生素C含量都有相似的下降。统计和能量分析观察到比较太阳能干燥;烘箱干燥消除了稍高的水分含量,并有较少的干燥能量要求。甘蔗渣干燥单位质量所需热能分别为0.476 kJ/kg(烘箱)和0.556 kJ/kg(太阳能),芦苇干燥单位质量所需热能分别为0.074 kJ/kg(烘箱)和0.092 kJ/kg(太阳能),辣椒干燥单位质量所需热能分别为0.524 kJ/kg(烘箱)和0.576 kJ/kg(太阳能),葡萄干燥单位质量所需热能分别为0.123 kJ/kg(烘箱)和0.157 kJ/kg(太阳能)。结果表明,太阳能干燥比烘箱干燥需要更多的热能。传质分析表明,甘蔗渣和芦苇的干燥常数初始较高,随后随时间的延长呈降低趋势。此外,观察到有效扩散系数和传质系数随干燥处理时间的增加而降低。另一方面,可再生太阳能干燥的研究结果与烘箱干燥的研究结果相当,表明仍有足够的未开发热能可用于生物质热化学转化方法。
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引用次数: 2
Experimental Study of Rice Husk Fluidization Without a Sand Bed Material on a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier 鼓泡流化床气化炉上无砂床物料的稻壳流态化实验研究
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-25 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2023.46068
Abeth Novria Sonjaya, K. Safitri, Adi Surjosatyo
This study aimed to determine the effect of rice husk fluidization and variation in the equivalence ratio of bubbling fluidized bed gasifiers without sand bed materials. It also aimed to improve the fluidization quality by reducing the diameter of rice husks. Therefore, the bulk density increases, whereas voidage decreases, both of which are the main parameters for improving the quality of fluidization in solid particles. Experiments were carried out at a velocity of 0.82 m/s, by varying the equivalent ratios ranging from 0.20 to 0.35, and analyzing the syngas composition, cold gas and carbon conversion efficiencies, lower heating value, and temperature distribution. An equivalence ratio of 0.30 was obtained for a bubbling fluidized gasifier with syngas compositions of 7.415%, 15.674%, 3.071%, 17.839%, and 56.031% for H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2, respectively. Under these conditions, we obtained cold gas and carbon conversion efficiencies and a lower heating value of 31.340%, 37.120%, and 3.881 MJ/Nm3, respectively.
本研究旨在确定稻壳流化的影响以及无砂床材料鼓泡流化床气化器当量比的变化。它还旨在通过减小稻壳的直径来提高流化质量。因此,堆积密度增加,而空隙率降低,这两者都是提高固体颗粒流化质量的主要参数。实验在0.82m/s的速度下进行,通过在0.20至0.35范围内改变当量比,并分析合成气组成、冷气体和碳转化效率、低热值和温度分布。鼓泡流化床气化器的当量比为0.30,H2、CO、CH4、CO2和N2的合成气组成分别为7.415%、15.674%、3.071%、17.839%和56.031%。在这些条件下,我们获得了冷气体和碳的转化效率,以及分别为31.340%、37.120%和3.881MJ/Nm3的低热值。
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引用次数: 1
Environmental Sustainability Goal and the Effect of Resources Extrication: A "Give and Take Perspective” 环境可持续性目标与资源枯竭效应:一个“给予与索取”的视角
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-18 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45213
U. Alola, A. Alola, Serdar Çop, Marymagdaline Enowmbi Tarkang
Environmental sustainability is one of the vast research areas in the globe. Most industries are not left out in the quest for a sustainable environment including the hotel industry. Also, customers look for environmental friendly hotel to patronize. With this vast knowledge, the current study takes into account the relationship between green training and green employee involvement, with the mediating effect of perceived behavioural control. The sample of 306 was collected from 4 and 5-star hotel in Turkey in 2020. The study assessed the data with AMOS 20 to hypothesize the relationship between the variables. Findings confirmed that there is a positive impact of green training on perceived behavioural control, organizational citizenship behaviour towards the environment and green employee involvement. In addition, results also validated the positive effect of perceived behavioural control on organizational citizenship behaviour and green employee involvement. It contributes significantly to the ongoing research in the field of green training in the hotel industry in Turkey. These outcomes are supportive to Turkey’s hotel industry green management and employee behavioural actions to the environment.
环境可持续性是全球范围内广泛的研究领域之一。大多数行业都在寻求可持续的环境,包括酒店业。此外,顾客也会寻找环保型酒店来光顾。有了这些丰富的知识,目前的研究考虑到了绿色培训和绿色员工参与之间的关系,以及感知行为控制的中介作用。306人的样本于2020年从土耳其的四星级和五星级酒店采集。该研究使用AMOS 20评估数据,以假设变量之间的关系。研究结果证实,绿色培训对感知的行为控制、组织公民对环境的行为和绿色员工的参与有积极影响。此外,研究结果还验证了感知行为控制对组织公民行为和绿色员工参与的积极影响。它对土耳其酒店业绿色培训领域正在进行的研究做出了重大贡献。这些成果有助于土耳其酒店业的绿色管理和员工对环境的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Investigation of a New Modified Savonius Wind Turbines 新型改进型Savonius风力机的数值研究
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-07 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.45799
K. Mrigua, M. Zemamou, M. Aggour
The classic Savonius semi-circular blade turbine has a relatively low power coefficient.The performance of a Savonius wind turbine depends on its geometrical parameters. Various blade profiles have been developed in the past years to improve the performance of this class of turbine. In this paper, a new blade shapes of Savonius wind turbine is investigated numerically by using the CFD method , by using transient conditions and set k omega turbulence model.The new blade has different concave and convex shape, which is a combination of the conventional and the elliptical blade. A comparative study of three blade profiles, semi-circular, elliptical and the composed blades have been performed.Flow structures around the rotor have also been analyzed. The results show that changing the blade shape has an effect on the performance efficiency of the Savonius turbine.The new modified and the elliptical blade exhibit higher performance compared to the conventional Savonius wind turbine. The new modified Savonius blade and the elliptical blade exhibit an improved performance compared to the conventional model in the order of 20.5% and 18.2% respectively at the tip speed ratio of 0.8.
经典的Savonius半圆形叶片涡轮机具有相对较低的功率系数。Savonius风力涡轮机的性能取决于其几何参数。在过去的几年里,已经开发了各种叶片轮廓来提高这类涡轮机的性能。本文采用CFD方法,利用瞬态条件和kω湍流模型,对Savonius风力涡轮机的一种新叶片形状进行了数值研究。新型叶片具有不同的凹凸形状,是传统叶片和椭圆叶片的结合。对半圆形、椭圆形和组合叶片三种叶片轮廓进行了比较研究。还分析了转子周围的流动结构。结果表明,改变叶片形状会对Savonius涡轮的性能效率产生影响。与传统的Savonius风力涡轮机相比,新的改进型和椭圆形叶片表现出更高的性能。新改进的Savonius叶片和椭圆叶片在叶尖速比为0.8时,与传统型号相比,性能分别提高了20.5%和18.2%。
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引用次数: 0
Ultrathin Film Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Performance using Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis Method 用严格耦合波分析方法研究超薄非晶硅太阳能电池的性能
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.46009
R. S. Dubey, S. Saravanan
The issues related to global energy needs and environmental safeties as well as health crisis are some of the major challenges faced by the human, which make us to generate new pollution-free and sustainable energy sources. For that the optical functional nanostructures can be manipulated the confined light at the nanoscale level. These characteristics are emerging and leading candidate for the solar energy conversion. The combination of photonic (dielectric) and plasmonic (metallic) nanostructures are responsible for the development of better optical performance in solar cells. Here, the enhancement of light trapping within the thin active region is the primary goal. In this work, we have studied the influence of front-ITO (rectangular) and back-Ag (triangular) nanogratings were incorporated with ultrathin film amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cell by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method. The improvement of light absorption, scattering (large angle), diffraction and field distributions (TE/TM) were demonstrated by the addition of single and dual nanogratings structures. Significantly, the plasmonic (noble metal) nanogratings are located at the bottom of the cell structure as a backside reflector which is helpful for the omni-directional reflection and increased the path length (life time) of the photons due to that the collection of the charge carriers were enhanced. Further, the proposed solar cell structure has optimized and compared to a back-Ag, front-ITO and dual nanogratings based ultrathin film amorphous silicon solar cell. Finally, the obtained results were evidenced for the assistance of photonic and plasmonic modes and achieved the highest current density (Jsc) of 23.82 mA/cm2(TE) and 22.75 mA/cm2 (TM) with in 50 nm thin active layers by integration of (dual) cell structures
与全球能源需求和环境安全以及健康危机有关的问题是人类面临的一些主要挑战,这些挑战使我们能够产生新的无污染和可持续的能源。为此,光学功能纳米结构可以在纳米级水平上被限制的光操纵。这些特性是太阳能转换的新兴和领先的候选者。光子(电介质)和等离子体(金属)纳米结构的结合是太阳能电池中更好光学性能的发展原因。在这里,增强薄有源区内的光捕获是主要目标。本文采用严格耦合波分析(RCWA)方法,研究了超薄非晶硅(a-Si)太阳能电池中正面ITO(矩形)和背面Ag(三角形)纳米光栅的影响。通过添加单纳米光栅和双纳米光栅结构,证明了光吸收、散射(大角度)、衍射和场分布(TE/TM)的改善。值得注意的是,等离子体(贵金属)纳米光栅位于单元结构的底部,作为背面反射器,这有助于全向反射,并由于增强了电荷载流子的收集而增加了光子的路径长度(寿命)。此外,所提出的太阳能电池结构已经与基于背面Ag、正面ITO和双纳米光栅的超薄膜非晶硅太阳能电池进行了优化和比较。最后,在光子和等离子体模式的帮助下证明了所获得的结果,并通过(双)电池结构的集成在50nm薄有源层中实现了23.82mA/cm2(TE)和22.75mA/cm2(TM)的最高电流密度(Jsc)
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Investigation of Convective Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Past a Three Square Cylinders Controlled by a Partition in Channel 通道内隔板控制的三方圆柱对流换热及流体流动的数值研究
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43790
Y. Admi, M. Moussaoui, A. Mezrhab
In this paper, a numerical investigation was performed to simulate laminar flow and heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional horizontal channel, comprising three heated square cylinders placed side-by-side and controlled by a downstream detached partition. The Double Multiple Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann Method (MRT-LBM) is applied as the numerical method was using the MRT-D2Q9 model and the MRT-D2Q5 model to treat the flow and the temperature fields respectively. The problem considered is a laminar and incompressible flow. The air (Pr = 0.71) is the fluid circulating in the channel, its physical properties, except the density, are assumed to be constant. The top and bottom channel walls are supposed to be adiabatic, the airflow incoming with cold temperature which is fixed to θc = - 0.5, each cylinder at a constant hot temperature equal to θh= 0,5. The flow is fully developed with a parabolic velocity profile at the inlet and at the outlet of the channel. Also, in the outlet, the temperature and velocity gradients are assumed to be zero. The effects of horizontal and vertical plate position and length on the fluid flow and the heat transfer are examined in terms of streamlines and isotherms contours visualizations. 
在本文中,对二维水平通道中的层流和传热特性进行了数值研究,该通道包括三个并排放置的加热方形圆柱体,并由下游分离的隔板控制。采用双重多重弛豫时间格子Boltzmann方法(MRT-LBM)作为数值方法,分别使用MRT-D2Q9模型和MRT-D2Q 5模型处理流场和温度场。所考虑的问题是层流和不可压缩流。空气(Pr=0.71)是在通道中循环的流体,除密度外,其物理性质假定为恒定。顶部和底部通道壁应该是绝热的,气流进入时的冷温度固定为θc=-0.5,每个气缸的恒定热温度等于θh=0.5。在通道的入口和出口处,流动完全发展为抛物线速度剖面。此外,在出口处,假设温度和速度梯度为零。通过流线和等温线等值线的可视化,研究了水平和垂直板的位置和长度对流体流动和传热的影响。
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引用次数: 4
A green heterogeneous catalyst production and characterization for biodiesel production using RSM and ANN approach 基于RSM和ANN的绿色多相催化剂生产及生物柴油表征
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-04 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.43627
Aditya Kolakoti, M. Setiyo, M. L. Rochman
In this work, naturally available moringa oleifera leaves are chosen as a heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from palm oil. The dry moringa oleifera leaves are calcinated up to 700 °C for 3 hours to improve their adsorbing property. The calcinated catalyst characterization analysis from XRD and EDX highlights the presence of calcium, potassium, and other elements. Response surface method (RSM) optimization and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling were carried out to elucidate the interaction effect of significant process variables on biodiesel yield. The results show that a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.82% was achieved at optimum conditions of catalyst usage (9 wt.%), molar ratio (7:1), temperature (50 °C) and reaction time (120 min). The catalyst usage (wt.%) was identified as a significant process variable followed by molar ratio. Furthermore, the significant fuel properties of the biodiesel related to thermal, physical, chemical, and elemental match with the established standards of ASTM. The reutilization analysis of the catalyst reveals that more than 50% of the biodiesel yield was achieved after five cycles of reuse.
在这项工作中,天然辣木叶被选为从棕榈油生产生物柴油的多相催化剂。将干燥的辣木叶在700°C下煅烧3小时,以提高其吸附性能。XRD和EDX的煅烧催化剂表征分析突出了钙、钾和其他元素的存在。通过响应面法(RSM)优化和人工神经网络(ANN)建模,阐明了重要工艺变量对生物柴油产量的相互作用。结果表明,在催化剂用量(9wt.%)、摩尔比(7:1)、温度(50°C)和反应时间(120min)的最佳条件下,生物柴油的最大产率为92.82%。催化剂用量(wt.%)被确定为一个重要的过程变量,其次是摩尔比。此外,生物柴油在热、物理、化学和元素方面的显著燃料特性符合ASTM的既定标准。催化剂的再利用分析表明,经过五个循环的再利用,生物柴油产量达到50%以上。
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引用次数: 15
Technical and Economical Evaluation of Micro-Solar PV/Diesel Hybrid Generation System for Small Demand 小需求微型太阳能光伏/柴油混合发电系统的技术经济评价
IF 2.5 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.46747
T. Dei, Nomuulin Batjargal
This paper is intended as an investigation on a reliability of solar PV(Photovoltaic) and DG (Diesel Generator) hybrid system and the economical evaluation. In the remote area or island countries, diesel generator is a common technology for supplying power. In general, the price of diesel oil is expensive in remote areas. Therefore, introduction of the technologies which can reduce the fuel consumption for power generation is important in those area. Interconnection of solar PV with isolated diesel distribution lines is one of the options when expanding power generation facilities. However, the output of solar PV is influenced by the weather condition, it is difficult to ensure a constant output and control power amount. Using unstable input for power generation such as solar PV increases the risk of power outage due to instability of system voltage and frequency fluctuations. In this study, experiments were conducted to clarify the unstable condition using the micro-solar diesel hybrid system using solar PV (2kW), Battery Bank (24V,420Ah) and Diesel Generator (4.7kVA) and load(1500W) at Ashikaga University (AU). The experiments are conducted by two different setups, a hybrid system of solar PV and DG and the hybrid with battery bank.  The results of the experiments show the frequency fluctuations becomes smaller by the hybrid system with battery bank. And the mechanical governor which attached to the DG has important function to stabilize frequency fluctuation. In the study, economic viability of the solar PV and DG hybrid system is examined by computing the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). In the calculation of the least-cost alternative system, a diesel engine powered generation system with the capacity to generate the same amount of electricity as the solar PV-DG hybrid system was used. The IRRs of the solar PV – diesel hybrid system is positive in all configuration. IRR becomes larger in the hybrid system without a battery bank and also it becomes larger with increase of the penetration ratio of solar PV. The configuration of solar PV and DG hybrid system have to be considered by the type of power demand. If the demand user requires quality power such as stabilized voltage and frequency in minimum range, battery bank have to be installed to the system. If the economical operation by saving the amount of fuel consumption is more important, battery bank does not need to be included. The system is feasible on the both aspect of technical and economical, therefore it can be introduced as reliable energy supply system for small power demand in remote areas.
本文对太阳能光伏发电与柴油发电混合系统的可靠性及其经济性评价进行了研究。在偏远地区或岛国,柴油发电机是一种常用的供电技术。一般来说,偏远地区的柴油价格昂贵。因此,在这些领域引入能够降低发电燃料消耗的技术是很重要的。太阳能光伏发电与隔离的柴油配电线路的互联是扩大发电设施的选择之一。然而,太阳能光伏发电的输出受天气条件的影响,难以保证恒定的输出和控制电量。采用不稳定输入进行太阳能光伏等发电,由于系统电压不稳定和频率波动,增加了停电的风险。本研究在足利大学(AU)利用太阳能光伏(2kW)、蓄电池组(24V,420Ah)、柴油发电机(4.7kVA)和负载(1500W)组成的微型太阳能-柴油混合动力系统进行了不稳定工况实验。实验采用两种不同的装置进行,一种是太阳能光伏与DG混合系统,另一种是混合电池组。实验结果表明,带电池组的混合动力系统的频率波动较小。附加在DG上的机械调速器对稳定频率波动具有重要作用。在研究中,通过计算内部收益率(IRR)来检验太阳能光伏和DG混合系统的经济可行性。在最小成本替代系统的计算中,采用与太阳能PV-DG混合发电系统发电量相同的柴油机发电系统。在各种配置下,太阳能光伏-柴油混合动力系统的内部反射系数均为正。在无蓄电池组的混合系统中,IRR变大,随着太阳能光伏渗透率的增加,IRR也变大。太阳能光伏发电与天然气混合发电系统的配置必须根据电力需求的类型进行考虑。如果用户需要在最小范围内稳定电压和频率等优质电源,则必须在系统中安装电池组。如果通过节省燃料消耗量来实现经济运行更重要,则不需要包括电池组。该系统在技术和经济上都是可行的,可以作为偏远地区小电力需求的可靠供电系统。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development-IJRED
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