Transnational Corporations Review最新文献

The world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century. The profound and complex changes in the international trade landscape since China's accession to the WTO have put China's foreign trade enterprises to the test as they have embarked on a path of transformation and upgrade. As a barometer of China's foreign trade sector, Yiwu has progressed through three stages of development: rapid development after China's WTO accession, adaptation and innovation following the global financial crisis, and coordinated development amid deepening reforms. This paper explores such an evolutionary journey from the perspectives of foreign trade, market development, logistics infrastructure, export modalities, policy support, and the trade environment.

This study aims to examine the construct validity and discriminant validity of a cyberbullying questionnaire, as well as explore the practical implications of the findings. The study utilizes exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the measurement model of the cyberbullying questionnaire. Data analysis is conducted using established statistical techniques. The results reveal the presence of six distinct dimensions of cyberbullying: Online Privacy Violation, Online Harassment and Discomfort, Online Exclusion and Privacy Violation, Disturbance and Intimidation, Identity Impersonation, and Spread of Secrets. The questionnaire demonstrates good construct validity and discriminant validity, providing a reliable tool to measure cyberbullying experiences. This study is limited to a specific population and cultural context. Further research is needed to validate the questionnaire in diverse populations and explore the relationship between cyberbullying dimensions and associated outcomes. This study contributes to the understanding of cyberbullying by providing a comprehensive framework and validated measurement tool.

This study examines the connection between higher education and economic growth in the BRICS countries. This study used the gross enrolment ratio (GER) to gauge the extent of higher education in the BRICS countries, while gross domestic product (GDP) was used to estimate economic growth. The study includes both time series and panel data analysis for all BRICS countries. The vector error correction model (VECM) and the vector autoregressive model (VAR) were applied to time series data to explain the causal relationship between GDP and GER. Panel data were analyzed using the panel vector auto-regression (PVAR) model. The time series analysis revealed that there is both a bi-directional and a unidirectional causal link between economic development and higher education. However, panel data analysis revealed that the causal influence of higher education was more pronounced than economic growth.

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of international palm oil prices, prices of its substitute and complementary goods, and the exchange rate on the competitiveness of 30 palm oil exporting countries over the period from 2011 to 2019, using monthly data. The symmetric comparative advantage index was estimated, and a convergence effect was found, whereby emerging countries exhibited greater specialization than industrialized countries. Unit root and cointegration tests were applied, in addition to FMOLS and DOLS methods. The analysis revealed that decreases in palm and vegetable oil prices, coupled with an increase in the exchange rate and prices of soybeans and biodiesel, enhanced the competitiveness of palm oil exports.

This paper is aimed to empirically test for an open and small economy like Ireland the “granular hypothesis” (Gabaix, 2011), originally proved for the US, which posits that firm-level productivity shocks can explain a sizable portion of aggregate productivity fluctuations. Additionally, the author tries and tests a second hypotheses suggesting the, given the small size, less diversification of the Irish economy, compared to that of the US, the granular effect is likely to be stronger and more important. The Irish case is particularly relevant as Ireland has been experiencing increasing economic concentration in recent years, to the point that micro shocks to a few selected firms in 2015 led to significant level shifts in aggregate variables like GDP (+34 per cent) and, particularly, labour productivity (+23 per cent) and total factor productivity (−12 per cent). Making use of an original combination of macro data from the Ireland's Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the OECD with micro data from the Annual Business Survey of Economic Impact (ABSEI), both granular hypotheses are tested in Ireland for the period 2000–2016.

Research findings confirm that productivity shocks to the 5 largest firms (in terms of value added) in Ireland account for a large fraction (about one third) of aggregate productivity growth, which is much larger than that found of the US economy. These empirical results shed light on the origins of Irish productivity fluctuations, the consequences of economic concentration on resilience and the importance of diversification policies aimed at broadening Ireland's enterprise base of productive firms.

The purpose of this study was to explore variables explaining consumers' intention toward the use of eco-friendly bags in retail stores in an emerging market economy, Thailand. The research was hinged on the Theory of Planned Behavior. The study adopted a survey research design where data was collected using a structured questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale, with the study sample selected by convenience and purposive sampling methods. The sample population consisted of 609 Thai consumers aged 18 years and above who have shopped in retail stores. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to analyze the data. The results revealed that environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control had a positive effect on consumer intention towards the use of eco-friendly shopping bags in retail stores. Whereas subjective norms had the highest effect on consumer intention towards the use of the eco-friendly bag in retail stores. The findings of this study are expected to help the government and private sector to create an appropriate marketing tactics such as using influencers to increase consumer intention towards the use of an eco-friendly bag.

This paper studies how the Ukrainian Crisis and Geopolitical Risk impact the trade and investment of Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This impact includes three levels. The first level is the direct impact of geopolitical risks on TNCs, including TNCs' market response to Russia and the trend of supply chain adjustment. The second level is the impact of geopolitical risks on national governments, including the response of developed countries such as the United States and Europe, as well as emerging economies such as India; countries formulate policies and measures to deal with the challenges of geopolitical risks and further promote national economic and social development, seeking channels and ways to improve the level of national security. The third level is the impact of geopolitical risks on international organizations, especially the WTO.