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The Rise of Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Global Economy: Can South Africa Establish a Sovereign Wealth Fund? 主权财富基金在全球经济中的崛起:南非能否建立主权财富基金?
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2022.2076511
Mzukisi Qobo, Mills Soko
ABSTRACT Establishing a sovereign wealth fund is one of the instruments the governing party has considered to give expression to the idea of a developmental state. Such an instrument would largely draw on natural resource windfalls to build an intergenerational store of wealth while also responding to longstanding developmental challenges. This makes sense given South Africa’s mineral endowments and future prospects in natural gas, as shown recently by the abortive attempt of Royal Dutch Shell to undertake geological surveys along the country’s wild coast. A sovereign wealth fund could underpin a developmental state and act as alternative resource for achieving legitimate social goals. South Africa presently lacks fiscal space and does not have the conditions necessary for a viable sovereign wealth fund. These need to be created. Certain resources and institutional qualities are vital to building a functional sovereign wealth fund, including a high-performing economy, current account surpluses or resource windfalls, sound institutional framework, good corporate governance, and strong state capabilities. The effects of the Covid-19 global pandemic, and its devastating impact on the South African economy, could further constrain the options of setting up a sovereign wealth fund, which is why the country needs to develop a long-term path for inter-generational equity.
摘要建立主权财富基金是执政党考虑的表达发展型国家理念的工具之一。这样一种工具将在很大程度上利用自然资源的横财来建立代际财富储备,同时应对长期存在的发展挑战。考虑到南非的矿产资源和天然气的未来前景,这是有道理的,正如荷兰皇家壳牌公司最近在该国野生海岸进行地质调查的失败尝试所表明的那样。主权财富基金可以支撑一个发展中的国家,并作为实现合法社会目标的替代资源。南非目前缺乏财政空间,也不具备建立一个可行的主权财富基金所需的条件。这些都需要创建。某些资源和制度素质对建立一个有效的主权财富基金至关重要,包括高绩效经济、经常账户盈余或资源横财、健全的制度框架、良好的公司治理和强大的国家能力。新冠肺炎全球大流行的影响及其对南非经济的破坏性影响,可能会进一步限制设立主权财富基金的选择,这就是为什么该国需要制定一条实现代际公平的长期道路。
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引用次数: 0
Entrenching Privilege: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Afriforum Jeug During the #Mustfall Protests at the University of Pretoria: A Case Study 巩固特权:非洲论坛在比勒陀利亚大学抗议期间的批判性话语分析:个案研究
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2022.2032914
Quraysha Bibi Ismail Sooliman
ABSTRACT The #FMF protests at the University of Pretoria (UP) and universities across South Africa reflected a confrontation with power and an exhibition of distrust in democratic institutions. #Fallists consciously chose to challenge pre-determined notions of ‘the right to education' and the pervasiveness of gatekeeping and access. These were questions intricately linked with their past. On all campuses, including UP, the #Fallists encountered many challenges. At UP, students who had affiliated themselves with the AfriForum Jeug student society contested very specifically the ‘rights’ that the #Fallists were demanding. This paper involves a modest attempt at formulating the possibilities that have been opened up by considering the #MustFall events in light of the responses by white Afrikaans speaking students. In this case study, one of the challenges faced by the #Fallists at UP was the opposition they encountered from AfriForum Jeug. How was this tug-o-war to be read and understood? The AfriForum case study is particularly relevant since it has been significantly argued that a dominant motivation and rationale for participation in the #MustFall protests included a pushback against persistent inequality and racism.
在比勒陀利亚大学(UP)和南非各地大学发生的#FMF抗议活动反映了与权力的对抗以及对民主制度的不信任。#Fallists有意识地选择挑战预先确定的“受教育权”概念,以及无处不在的把关和准入。这些问题与他们的过去有着错综复杂的联系。在包括北方邦大学在内的所有校园里,上榜者们都遇到了许多挑战。在UP,加入AfriForum jeeg学生社团的学生,非常明确地反对# falllists所要求的“权利”。本文根据讲南非荷兰语的白人学生的反应,通过考虑#MustFall事件,对各种可能性进行了适度的阐述。在这个案例研究中,#Fallists在UP面临的挑战之一,是来自非洲论坛的反对。如何解读和理解这场拉锯战?非洲论坛的案例研究尤为重要,因为人们一直认为,参与#MustFall抗议活动的主要动机和理由包括对持续存在的不平等和种族主义的抵制。
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引用次数: 1
Who is Being Served? How Competing Norms and Values Shape the Transitional Justice Agenda in Zimbabwe 服务对象是谁?相互竞争的规范和价值观如何塑造津巴布韦的过渡时期司法议程
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2022.2031771
Chenai Matshaka, Cori Wielenga
ABSTRACT Any transitional justice process involves a multiplicity of actors and competing norms and values that shape the transitional justice agenda. This article is concerned with the ways competing norms and values have shaped the transitional justice agenda in Zimbabwe. It makes the argument that the privileging of a neoliberalist perspective, as well as a human rights discourse in dealing with the concerns of post-conflict societies, has posed challenges for meaningful transitional justice interventions in Zimbabwe and on the African continent and suggests a nuanced approach to transitional justice that captures the history, culture and other dynamics that shape a country’s politics. This article draws from interviews with four civil society activists and scholars on transitional justice in Zimbabwe, as well as narratives are drawn from a categorical content analysis of the reports and other publications of four civil society organisations – Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (ZHRNGOF), Zimbabwe Peace Project (ZPP), Amnesty International (Zimbabwe) and Zimbabwe Human Rights Association (ZIMRIGHTS). The civil society organisations and activists were purposively sampled based on the work they have done in the area under study, as well as their understanding of the context and its nuanced complexities.
任何过渡时期司法程序都涉及多种行为者以及相互竞争的规范和价值观,这些规范和价值观念决定了过渡时期司法议程。本文关注的是相互竞争的规范和价值观如何影响津巴布韦的过渡时期司法议程。它认为,新自由主义视角的特权化,以及在处理冲突后社会关切时的人权话语,对津巴布韦和非洲大陆有意义的过渡司法干预提出了挑战,并提出了一种微妙的过渡司法方法,以捕捉历史,文化和其他影响一个国家政治的动力。本文来源于对四位民间社会活动家和学者关于津巴布韦过渡时期司法的采访,以及对四个民间社会组织——津巴布韦人权非政府组织论坛(ZHRNGOF)、津巴布韦和平项目(ZPP)、,大赦国际(津巴布韦)和津巴布韦人权协会。有目的地根据民间社会组织和活动家在研究领域所做的工作,以及他们对背景及其微妙复杂性的理解,对他们进行抽样。
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引用次数: 1
In Precarious Battle: Labour Broking in the South African Post Office 在不稳定的战斗中:南非邮局的劳工中介
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2022.2033060
Khwezi Mabasa
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of the Historical Roots of Partisan Governance within the ANC: Understanding the Road to State Capture 非国大党派治理的历史根源分析:理解国家占领之路
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.2018119
J. Fredericks, Nicola de Jager
ABSTRACT Despite constitutional aspirations for good (impartial) governance since 1996, partisan governance nearly brought South Africa to the brink of economic, social, and political implosion. For the duration of his tenure (2009–2018), President Zuma spent public funds for private ends with impunity and enabled the creation of a shadow state, which effectively siphoned millions out of the public purse into private hands and hollowed out the country's state-owned enterprises. The question posed here is: How did the Zuma administration manage to ‘capture the state' in a context where the 1996 Constitution enshrines impartial governance? Using the analytical framework of good governance, this article aims to understand the governance approach of the African National Congress (ANC) in terms of its overarching national plan, the National Democratic Revolution (NDR) and its strategy of cadre deployment. Using document and conceptual content analysis of ANC policy documents it is noted that the ANC’s governance approach is inherently partisan, with historical roots. In line with the Marxist tradition, governance based on partisanship was established together with the blurring of lines between party, government and state. This framework of partisanship, justified with the language of transformation, allowed for repurposing the state for private ends.
摘要尽管自1996年以来,宪法一直渴望良好(公正)的治理,但党派治理几乎将南非带到了经济、社会和政治崩溃的边缘。在任期内(2009-2018年),祖马总统将公共资金用于私人目的而不受惩罚,并促成了影子国家的创建,这有效地将数百万公共资金抽到了私人手中,并掏空了该国的国有企业。这里提出的问题是:在1996年宪法规定公正治理的背景下,祖马政府是如何“夺取国家”的?利用善治的分析框架,本文旨在了解非洲人国民大会(ANC)的治理方法,包括其总体国家计划、全国民主革命(NDR)及其干部部署战略。通过对非国大政策文件的文件和概念内容分析,可以发现非国大的治理方法本质上是党派性的,具有历史根源。按照马克思主义的传统,建立在党派基础上的治理,与模糊的党、政府和国家之间的界限相结合。这种党派之争的框架,用变革的语言来证明,允许将国家重新用于私人目的。
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引用次数: 3
When All Hands Are Not on Deck: Intergovernmental Relations and the Fight against COVID-19 Pandemic in the Nigerian Federation 当所有人都不在甲板上:尼日利亚联邦政府间关系和抗击COVID-19大流行的斗争
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.2018120
Ernest Toochi Aniche, V. Iwuoha, I. Alumona, F. Okwueze
ABSTRACT The defects and susceptibility of the Nigerian federalism are more pronounced at this period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Existing studies are yet to articulate how the states, in the formulation and enforcement of the lockdown and physical distancing policies, infringed on the federal exclusive matters by closing land borders, airports and imposing partial banking services. There is selective provision/distribution of healthcare facilities and stimulus packages and palliatives across the states by the federal government. The objective of this study is to examine how the conflicting nature of intergovernmental relations is implicated in the level of implementation of containment policies/strategies towards the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Based on content analysis and the functional-process theory, the article argued that the cantankerous/imploding disconnects between the federal and state governments–obscuring the making and implementation of harmonised and coordinated pandemic containment policies–constitute key impediment to the fight against Covid-19 in Nigeria.
摘要在新冠肺炎大流行期间,尼日利亚联邦制的缺陷和易感性更加明显。现有研究尚未阐明各州在制定和执行封锁和物理距离政策时,是如何通过关闭陆地边界、机场和强制提供部分银行服务来侵犯联邦专属事务的。联邦政府在各州选择性地提供/分配医疗设施、刺激计划和缓解措施。本研究的目的是研究政府间关系的冲突性质如何与尼日利亚抗击新冠肺炎疫情的遏制政策/战略的执行水平有关。基于内容分析和功能过程理论,文章认为,联邦政府和州政府之间的矛盾/内爆脱节——掩盖了协调一致的疫情遏制政策的制定和实施——构成了尼日利亚抗击新冠肺炎的关键障碍。
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引用次数: 1
Governance and Public Administration During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Issues and Experiences in Kenya’s Health System 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的治理和公共行政:肯尼亚卫生系统的问题和经验
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.2008091
Sandra Ochieng’-Springer
ABSTRACT The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has devastated societies and economies all over the world. States, both developed and developing, have struggled to mitigate its effects. National interventions have reaffirmed the importance of co-ordination of different levels of government to help cushion the impact of the pandemic. For a developing country such as Kenya, these conversations include issues of decentralisation via a devolved system of governance that was enacted by the 2010 constitution after decades of agitation against centralisation. Devolution was used as a mechanism to curb inequality, create more inclusive governance, as well as enhance service delivery throughout the country. Health was one of the sectors that was decentralised with these aims in mind. However, despite devolution, centralisation tendencies continue to present a challenge to the sector, to policy implementation and the pandemic response. This article seeks to evaluate the extent to which these problems of the two-tiered devolved governance structure affected the COVID-19 pandemic response in its early stages.
摘要前所未有的新冠肺炎疫情摧毁了世界各地的社会和经济。发达国家和发展中国家都在努力减轻其影响。国家干预措施重申了各级政府协调的重要性,以帮助缓解疫情的影响。对于肯尼亚这样的发展中国家来说,这些对话包括通过权力下放的治理体系进行权力下放的问题,该体系是在数十年反对中央集权的煽动之后由2010年宪法颁布的。权力下放被用作遏制不平等、创造更具包容性的治理以及加强全国服务提供的机制。卫生是考虑到这些目标而分散的部门之一。然而,尽管权力下放,中央集权的趋势仍然对该行业、政策实施和疫情应对构成挑战。本文试图评估双层权力下放治理结构的这些问题在多大程度上影响了新冠肺炎疫情早期阶段的应对。
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引用次数: 1
Violence Against Women as a Political Act: Toward a Typology of Gendered Messages 对妇女的暴力作为一种政治行为:走向性别信息的类型学
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.1995272
Enzo Lenine, Elisa Gonçalves
ABSTRACT The pervasiveness of violence against women has drawn the attention of international audiences in multilateral fora, media, and academia. Feminist researchers across social sciences have attempted to make sense of violent acts that target women and feminised bodies, especially by unravelling their causes and motivations. A particular approach sees violence against women as a political act that delivers gendered messages to individuals and communities. In this paper, we develop a typology of the messages conveyed by acts of violence against women. We argue that deciphering these messages is quintessential to making sense of gender violence, namely when it targets women.
普遍存在的针对妇女的暴力行为引起了多边论坛、媒体和学术界的国际关注。社会科学领域的女权主义研究人员试图理解针对女性和女性化身体的暴力行为,特别是通过揭示其原因和动机。一种特别的做法是将暴力侵害妇女行为视为一种向个人和社区传递性别信息的政治行为。在本文中,我们对暴力侵害妇女行为所传达的信息进行了类型学研究。我们认为,破译这些信息是理解性别暴力的关键,也就是说,当它针对女性时。
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引用次数: 1
COVID-19 Lockdown and Social Distancing Policies and the Sustainability of Small Businesses in South-Eastern Nigeria 新冠肺炎封锁和社交距离政策与尼日利亚东南部小企业的可持续性
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.1991659
V. Iwuoha, Ernest Toochi Aniche
ABSTRACT This study explores the experience of small business operators in South-Eastern Nigeria to underscore the sub-sectoral effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures on small businesses. Although COVID-19 lockdown and social distancing policies are generally perceived to have negative effects on small businesses, this study argues that these policies have had both positive and negative effects on small businesses. Clustering small businesses into three categories: fashion/event, food/drug and general merchandise, the study depicts a cross-sectoral disparity in the patronage level and income streams of small businesses. While the fashion/event businesses experience very low sales and poor performances, the food/drug businesses record high sales/improved performances, and the general merchandise maintains normal sales/performances. The study observes gaps in government’s COVID-19 intervention policies and initiatives (palliatives) on small businesses and proposes new policy directions to cushion the negative impact of lockdown measures and fast track the sustainability of small businesses in post-COVID-19 period.
摘要本研究探讨了尼日利亚东南部小企业经营者的经验,以强调新冠肺炎封锁措施对小企业的子行业影响。尽管新冠肺炎封锁和保持社交距离政策通常被认为对小企业有负面影响,但本研究认为,这些政策对小企业既有正面影响,也有负面影响。该研究将小企业分为三类:时尚/活动、食品/药品和日用百货,描绘了小企业在赞助水平和收入流方面的跨部门差异。虽然时尚/活动业务的销售额非常低,业绩不佳,但食品/药品业务的销售额很高/业绩有所改善,日用百货保持正常的销售额/业绩。该研究观察了政府对小企业的新冠肺炎干预政策和举措(缓解措施)中的差距,并提出了新的政策方向,以缓解封锁措施的负面影响,并在新冠肺炎疫情后快速实现小企业的可持续性。
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引用次数: 1
Re-Evaluating South African Foreign Policy Decision-Making: Archives, Architects and the Promise of Another Wave 重新评估南非外交政策决策:档案,建筑师和另一波的承诺
IF 1.2 4区 社会学 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/02589346.2021.1991658
Christopher Williams
ABSTRACT Research on South Africa’s post-apartheid foreign policy decision-making has stagnated. For more than a quarter century analysts have generally drawn on secondary material from other scholars, newspaper reporting, and the speeches of government officials to elucidate how South Africa crafts and carries out its foreign policy. The accessibility of previously classified archival documents and the availability of policy makers for research interviews holds the potential to advance scholarship on South African foreign policy along two fronts. First, these primary sources offer insight into foreign policy decision-making processes. And second, they encourage a critical re-evaluation of many of the traditional understandings and tropes that have dominated the study of South African foreign policy. This paper outlines the state of foreign policy studies in South Africa and then demonstrates the power of primary research to alter key ideas about the conduct and content of South African foreign policy through three case studies.
关于南非后种族隔离时期外交政策决策的研究一直停滞不前。四分之一个多世纪以来,分析人士通常从其他学者、报纸报道和政府官员的演讲中汲取二手材料,来阐明南非如何制定和实施其外交政策。以前分类的档案文件的可访问性和对政策制定者进行研究采访的可获得性有可能在两个方面推进南非外交政策的学术研究。首先,这些主要来源提供了对外交政策决策过程的洞察。其次,它们鼓励对主导南非外交政策研究的许多传统理解和修辞进行批判性的重新评估。本文概述了南非外交政策研究的现状,然后通过三个案例研究展示了初级研究改变有关南非外交政策行为和内容的关键观点的力量。
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引用次数: 0
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Politikon
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