Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3640339
{"title":"Special Issue on the 40th PSSI National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3640339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3640339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"4018-4018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11300548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3641208
Dong-Ao Li;Jie Shen;Wen-Xue Duan;Shi-Dong Fang
Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a major technology for aquatic pathogen elimination, with advantages of safety, effectiveness, and dynamic disinfection. Herein, nitrogen gasliquid plasma was used to inactivate Staphylococcus aureus in liquid, while optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and chemical reagents analyzed reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formation. Short-lived species (OH and nitric oxide (NO) radicals) from plasma discharge dominated bacterial lethality; liquid-contact-induced long-lived species (H2O2, HNO2, and HNO3) exerted synergistic effects. Additionally, with subsequent reactions, ONOOH formation may play an important role in the disinfection process. The production of liquid-phase reactive species and their corresponding disinfection mechanisms were systematically studied. Utilizing both contact and noncontact treatment modes of nitrogen-liquid plasma, it was found that the lethal effect of bacteria was mainly due to short-lived species, whereas long-lived species had a synergistic effect. Bacterial inactivation mainly results from liquid RONS damaging cell membranes and elevating intracellular RONS, which highlights the great potential of the gasliquid plasma system in microbial inactivation.
{"title":"Analysis of Inactivation Effect of Nitrogen Gas–Liquid Plasma on Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Dong-Ao Li;Jie Shen;Wen-Xue Duan;Shi-Dong Fang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3641208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3641208","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature plasma (LTP) is a major technology for aquatic pathogen elimination, with advantages of safety, effectiveness, and dynamic disinfection. Herein, nitrogen gasliquid plasma was used to inactivate <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in liquid, while optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and chemical reagents analyzed reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) formation. Short-lived species (OH and nitric oxide (NO) radicals) from plasma discharge dominated bacterial lethality; liquid-contact-induced long-lived species (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, HNO<sub>2</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub>) exerted synergistic effects. Additionally, with subsequent reactions, ONOOH formation may play an important role in the disinfection process. The production of liquid-phase reactive species and their corresponding disinfection mechanisms were systematically studied. Utilizing both contact and noncontact treatment modes of nitrogen-liquid plasma, it was found that the lethal effect of bacteria was mainly due to short-lived species, whereas long-lived species had a synergistic effect. Bacterial inactivation mainly results from liquid RONS damaging cell membranes and elevating intracellular RONS, which highlights the great potential of the gasliquid plasma system in microbial inactivation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"243-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3625698
Liang Zhao;Changhua Chen;Yuqun Deng
Presents corrections to the paper, (“Investigation Into Increase Process of High-Power Microwave With S Curve”).
对论文《大功率微波S曲线增长过程的探讨》进行了修正。
{"title":"Corrections to “Investigation Into Increase Process of High-Power Microwave With S Curve”","authors":"Liang Zhao;Changhua Chen;Yuqun Deng","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3625698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3625698","url":null,"abstract":"Presents corrections to the paper, (“Investigation Into Increase Process of High-Power Microwave With S Curve”).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"4016-4016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11300752","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3602512
Hui Chen;Xian Cheng;Guowei Ge;Shuai Du;Qinwei Zhang;Wanlong Zhang;Shuo Chen;Chenxi Wang
Self-voltage sharing capacitor pattern (SSCP) could meet the compact uniform voltage distribution demand of tank multibreak vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). However, the consistency analysis of postarc sheath evolution in series-connected breaks with grading capacitors has drawn little attention in previous studies. This article focused on the dynamic development of postarc currents in series-connected vacuum interrupters (VIs) with various grading capacitor patterns. The concept of series-connected sheath consistency was introduced to quantitatively characterize the postarc sheath enhancement effect in series-connected VIs with SSCP, and the particle-in-cell (PIC) computational model was established. Furthermore, the influence of series-connected breaks, shield potential, and contact distance on postarc sheath evolution was investigated, which indicated that SSCP could affect the evolution process of postarc currents, sheath potential, and sheath thickness. Compared to conventional grading capacitor patterns (CGCPs), the postarc current peak was reduced by 20%. The maximum value of the consistency coefficient of SSCP is 0.20 (the ideal value is 0) in series-connected breaks. This article could be used for the evaluation of postarc sheath evolution consistency of series-connected SSCP, which promotes the advancement of ultrahigh-voltage multibreak tank VCBs.
{"title":"Consistency Analysis of Postarc Sheath Evolution in Self-Voltage Sharing Interrupters for Multibreak Vacuum Circuit Breakers","authors":"Hui Chen;Xian Cheng;Guowei Ge;Shuai Du;Qinwei Zhang;Wanlong Zhang;Shuo Chen;Chenxi Wang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3602512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3602512","url":null,"abstract":"Self-voltage sharing capacitor pattern (SSCP) could meet the compact uniform voltage distribution demand of tank multibreak vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). However, the consistency analysis of postarc sheath evolution in series-connected breaks with grading capacitors has drawn little attention in previous studies. This article focused on the dynamic development of postarc currents in series-connected vacuum interrupters (VIs) with various grading capacitor patterns. The concept of series-connected sheath consistency was introduced to quantitatively characterize the postarc sheath enhancement effect in series-connected VIs with SSCP, and the particle-in-cell (PIC) computational model was established. Furthermore, the influence of series-connected breaks, shield potential, and contact distance on postarc sheath evolution was investigated, which indicated that SSCP could affect the evolution process of postarc currents, sheath potential, and sheath thickness. Compared to conventional grading capacitor patterns (CGCPs), the postarc current peak was reduced by 20%. The maximum value of the consistency coefficient of SSCP is 0.20 (the ideal value is 0) in series-connected breaks. This article could be used for the evaluation of postarc sheath evolution consistency of series-connected SSCP, which promotes the advancement of ultrahigh-voltage multibreak tank VCBs.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"203-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3637112
Xinghe Fu;Jingqi Bu
Coreless winding topologies are a pivotal design element in a diverse range of electromagnetic devices, from high-precision actuators to high-energy pulsed-power systems. These configurations are essential for achieving high power density and rapid dynamic response, with conventional topologies including rectangular, skewed, diamond, and hexagonal. To further reduce material consumption, improve magnetic flux utilization, and enhance electromagnetic performance, this article proposes a novel elliptical winding topology, with a focus on its implementation in coreless brushed permanent magnet dc motors (CBPMDCMs). The structural design of the motor and elliptical winding is first introduced. Detailed analytical models for back EMF, electromagnetic, and mechanical characteristics are then developed and validated through 3-D finite element analysis (3-D FEA). A comparative study is subsequently conducted between the elliptical winding and conventional windings under identical performance requirements. The results demonstrate that the elliptical winding achieves higher flux utilization, lower copper consumption, improved efficiency, and stronger short-term overload capability, while maintaining competitive electromagnetic and mechanical performance.
{"title":"A Novel Elliptical Coreless Winding Topology for Enhanced Electromagnetic Performance","authors":"Xinghe Fu;Jingqi Bu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3637112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3637112","url":null,"abstract":"Coreless winding topologies are a pivotal design element in a diverse range of electromagnetic devices, from high-precision actuators to high-energy pulsed-power systems. These configurations are essential for achieving high power density and rapid dynamic response, with conventional topologies including rectangular, skewed, diamond, and hexagonal. To further reduce material consumption, improve magnetic flux utilization, and enhance electromagnetic performance, this article proposes a novel elliptical winding topology, with a focus on its implementation in coreless brushed permanent magnet dc motors (CBPMDCMs). The structural design of the motor and elliptical winding is first introduced. Detailed analytical models for back EMF, electromagnetic, and mechanical characteristics are then developed and validated through 3-D finite element analysis (3-D FEA). A comparative study is subsequently conducted between the elliptical winding and conventional windings under identical performance requirements. The results demonstrate that the elliptical winding achieves higher flux utilization, lower copper consumption, improved efficiency, and stronger short-term overload capability, while maintaining competitive electromagnetic and mechanical performance.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the effect of an ac-driven pin-to-pin gliding arc discharge (GAD) on premixed NH3/O2 combustion is experimentally investigated. The discharge substantially improves flame stability and extends the lean flammability limit from $varphi =0.55$ to 0.30. Meanwhile, an approximately 80% reduction in NO emissions is achieved under plasma-assisted conditions. With increasing oxygen flow rate, the discharge undergoes a transition from glow to spark types, which promotes the ignition of lean mixtures. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) identifies the presence of OH${}^{ast }$ , NH${}^{ast }$ , and N${}_{2}^{ast } $ species only when plasma participates in burning, while the intensity of NH${}_{2}^{ast } $ emission is markedly increased. As the equivalence ratio increases, OH${}^{ast }$ emission decreases, whereas NH${}^{ast }$ , NH${}_{2}^{ast } $ , and N${}_{2}^{ast } $ emissions are strengthened, implying enhanced NH3 dissociation induced by the plasma. Based on these results, we propose a set of DeNOx reaction pathways involving plasma-generated NHx radicals.
{"title":"Effect of Pin-to-Pin Gliding Arc Plasma on NOx Suppression in Premixed Ammonia/Oxygen Combustion","authors":"Qin-Kun Yu;Yu-Long Niu;Shou-Zhe Li;Xiaoqiong Wen;Yong Li;Daoman Han;Cheng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3638163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3638163","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of an ac-driven pin-to-pin gliding arc discharge (GAD) on premixed NH<sub>3</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> combustion is experimentally investigated. The discharge substantially improves flame stability and extends the lean flammability limit from <inline-formula> <tex-math>$varphi =0.55$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 0.30. Meanwhile, an approximately 80% reduction in NO emissions is achieved under plasma-assisted conditions. With increasing oxygen flow rate, the discharge undergoes a transition from glow to spark types, which promotes the ignition of lean mixtures. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) identifies the presence of OH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{ast }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, NH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{ast }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and N<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{2}^{ast } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> species only when plasma participates in burning, while the intensity of NH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{2}^{ast } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> emission is markedly increased. As the equivalence ratio increases, OH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{ast }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> emission decreases, whereas NH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}^{ast }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, NH<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{2}^{ast } $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and N<inline-formula> <tex-math>${}_{2}^{ast } $ </tex-math></inline-formula> emissions are strengthened, implying enhanced NH<sub>3</sub> dissociation induced by the plasma. Based on these results, we propose a set of DeNO<italic><sub>x</sub></i> reaction pathways involving plasma-generated NH<italic><sub>x</sub></i> radicals.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutral beam injection (NBI) is a key auxiliary heating technology used in magnetic confinement fusion devices. With the scale up of the device, the requirement of beam energy is higher. A negative ion source-based neutral beam injection (NNBI) system is an inevitable choice, but the NNBI system presents significant engineering complexity and technical challenges. To investigate and master core NNBI technologies, an NNBI test facility is currently being developed under the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) in China. The initial operational targets for the CRAFT NNBI system are to achieve a beam with energies in the range of 200400 keV, the neutral beam power of 2 MW, and the pulse duration of 100 s. In the negative ion source, the beam divergence is one of the important parameters that determines the pulse duration and energy of the beam. A large beam divergence will cause heavy thermal load on the electrode grids and additional heat load on the beamline components. These can cause the breakdown of grids and interrupt the acceleration process. The accelerator beam optics design for the CRAFT NNBI dual-driver negative ion source is based on IBSimu. Two diagnostic methods, beam emission spectroscopy (BES) and secondary electron emission (SEE), are adopted to analyze the optical characteristics of beam in the experiments. The experimental results verify the simulation results calculated by IBSimu, confirming the limitations and reliability of the simulation program.
{"title":"Benchmark of the Beam Optics Simulation Against the Beam Acceleration Experiments of a Dual-Driver Radio Frequency Negative Ion Source for Fusion","authors":"Jiahao Cheng;Yuwen Yang;Qinglong Cui;Zhengkun Cao;Yao Qin;Yongjian Xu;Lizhen Liang;Jianglong Wei","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3638740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3638740","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral beam injection (NBI) is a key auxiliary heating technology used in magnetic confinement fusion devices. With the scale up of the device, the requirement of beam energy is higher. A negative ion source-based neutral beam injection (NNBI) system is an inevitable choice, but the NNBI system presents significant engineering complexity and technical challenges. To investigate and master core NNBI technologies, an NNBI test facility is currently being developed under the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) in China. The initial operational targets for the CRAFT NNBI system are to achieve a beam with energies in the range of 200400 keV, the neutral beam power of 2 MW, and the pulse duration of 100 s. In the negative ion source, the beam divergence is one of the important parameters that determines the pulse duration and energy of the beam. A large beam divergence will cause heavy thermal load on the electrode grids and additional heat load on the beamline components. These can cause the breakdown of grids and interrupt the acceleration process. The accelerator beam optics design for the CRAFT NNBI dual-driver negative ion source is based on IBSimu. Two diagnostic methods, beam emission spectroscopy (BES) and secondary electron emission (SEE), are adopted to analyze the optical characteristics of beam in the experiments. The experimental results verify the simulation results calculated by IBSimu, confirming the limitations and reliability of the simulation program.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"290-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3573417
Hao Chen;Cheng Liu;Xing Wang;Nikolay Korovkin;Sakhno Liudmila;Popov Stanislav Olegovich;Bodrenkov Evgenii Alexandrovich
In this article, the mathematical modeling and electromagnetic characteristic analysis are carried out for a novel tubular linear rotary switched reluctance machine (TLRSRM). First, the topology and operation principle of TLRSRM are described, and the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model of the machine in aligned and unaligned positions is established. Then, the analytical calculation of the air-gap permeance is performed by the magnetic field division method for the two critical positions of the rotary part and the linear part, respectively. Three-dimensional finite element simulation based on inductive characteristics verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the MEC method. In order to further research the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor in unsaturated and saturated states, the approximate mathematical analytical formulas of the air-gap magnetic density and normal force are derived for the two critical positions of the TLRSRM proposed in this article, and the comparisons of the 3-D finite-element method (3D FEM) and mathematical analytical calculations of the air-gap magnetic density and normal force under different excitation currents are given. The comparison results further verify the accuracy of the mathematical model calculation in this article. This provides theoretical guidance for the electromagnetic design and vibration noise control of TLRSRM.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Electromagnetic Force Analysis of Novel Tubular Linear Rotary Switched Reluctance Machine","authors":"Hao Chen;Cheng Liu;Xing Wang;Nikolay Korovkin;Sakhno Liudmila;Popov Stanislav Olegovich;Bodrenkov Evgenii Alexandrovich","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3573417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3573417","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the mathematical modeling and electromagnetic characteristic analysis are carried out for a novel tubular linear rotary switched reluctance machine (TLRSRM). First, the topology and operation principle of TLRSRM are described, and the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model of the machine in aligned and unaligned positions is established. Then, the analytical calculation of the air-gap permeance is performed by the magnetic field division method for the two critical positions of the rotary part and the linear part, respectively. Three-dimensional finite element simulation based on inductive characteristics verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the MEC method. In order to further research the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor in unsaturated and saturated states, the approximate mathematical analytical formulas of the air-gap magnetic density and normal force are derived for the two critical positions of the TLRSRM proposed in this article, and the comparisons of the 3-D finite-element method (3D FEM) and mathematical analytical calculations of the air-gap magnetic density and normal force under different excitation currents are given. The comparison results further verify the accuracy of the mathematical model calculation in this article. This provides theoretical guidance for the electromagnetic design and vibration noise control of TLRSRM.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"270-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imperfect electrical contact between two rough conductors is often involved in electromagnetic field analysis, where the contact zone is a very thin domain with complex geometry and is physically modeled as contact resistance. In electromagnetic simulations, contact resistance is usually characterized by a constant-thickness contact layer with the corresponding conductivity. However, since the thickness of the contact layer (tens of micrometers) is much smaller than the sizes of the armature and rail (tens of millimeters), this spatial multiscale phenomenon requires an extremely large number of meshes, making simulations too costly. In this article, the imperfect sliding electrical contact between the rail and armature in railguns is taken as the subject. A boundary condition model is presented, where the contact layer is replaced as a zero-thickness interface with strongly discontinuous interface conditions connecting the surroundings. This model avoids meshing the thin layer and reflects changes in contact pressure and liquid aluminum material in interface conditions. In addition, a general discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework ensuring the interfacial strong discontinuity is introduced by defining numerical fluxes that follow the discontinuity. This method is precise and guarantees good condition numbers, even in extreme cases of very large or small contact conductivities. To verify the correctness and effectiveness, current density results were calculated using the boundary condition model and the classical contact layer model (CLM) and were found to be consistent; the element number and computation time of the boundary condition model are less than those of the classical model. Furthermore, the effects of imperfect electrical contact on electromagnetic fields were analyzed using the abovementioned methods at velocities of 0, 100, 500, and 1000 m/s.
{"title":"A Strongly Discontinuous Boundary Condition Model With Discontinuous Galerkin Framework for Multiscale Electromagnetic Simulations Containing Imperfect Sliding Electrical Contact","authors":"Shuqi Liu;Jinghan Yang;Junbin Zhao;Lixue Chen;Dezhi Chen","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3635917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3635917","url":null,"abstract":"Imperfect electrical contact between two rough conductors is often involved in electromagnetic field analysis, where the contact zone is a very thin domain with complex geometry and is physically modeled as contact resistance. In electromagnetic simulations, contact resistance is usually characterized by a constant-thickness contact layer with the corresponding conductivity. However, since the thickness of the contact layer (tens of micrometers) is much smaller than the sizes of the armature and rail (tens of millimeters), this spatial multiscale phenomenon requires an extremely large number of meshes, making simulations too costly. In this article, the imperfect sliding electrical contact between the rail and armature in railguns is taken as the subject. A boundary condition model is presented, where the contact layer is replaced as a zero-thickness interface with strongly discontinuous interface conditions connecting the surroundings. This model avoids meshing the thin layer and reflects changes in contact pressure and liquid aluminum material in interface conditions. In addition, a general discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework ensuring the interfacial strong discontinuity is introduced by defining numerical fluxes that follow the discontinuity. This method is precise and guarantees good condition numbers, even in extreme cases of very large or small contact conductivities. To verify the correctness and effectiveness, current density results were calculated using the boundary condition model and the classical contact layer model (CLM) and were found to be consistent; the element number and computation time of the boundary condition model are less than those of the classical model. Furthermore, the effects of imperfect electrical contact on electromagnetic fields were analyzed using the abovementioned methods at velocities of 0, 100, 500, and 1000 m/s.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"314-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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