Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3401869
Barry Butler;Adam Cooper;Christian Day
Progressing the design of the EU DEMO power plant increasingly requires an integrated approach as the project progresses, to ensure that interfaces are coherent and to identify potential tritium-related conflicts between different parts of the program. Thus, the function of transverse tritium engineering has been created in the DEMO Central Team Design work package. In this conference proceeding, a brief introduction to the DEMO organization and those parts of the project that are tritium related will be highlighted—these extend beyond the obvious tritium breeding and fuel cycle areas, to areas such as balance of plant and remote maintenance, all underpinned by a strong relationship with the safety and environment function. The transverse tritium engineering activity ensures that tritium is considered in all relevant design sprints and work packages and provides awareness of the issues relating to the use of tritium to those unfamiliar with the field. Driven by considerations such as tritium and HTO toxicity, tritium scarcity, and waste and decommissioning factors, four core tritium design principles have been derived to drive the best practice and awareness across the project. These are: 1) tritium inventory minimization; 2) tritium confinement; 3) tritium management and control; and 4) minimization of the use of other hydrogen isotopes. To identify where tritium should be considered during design activities, the pathways taken by tritium through an operational reactor are identified—both intended and unwanted. In addition, the entire life cycle of EU DEMO is considered. Integration between work packages is facilitated by the creation of interface identification documents in conjunction with system engineering to establish parameters such as mass balances and the establishment of trade budgets for important parameters affecting multiple work packages, such as tritium inventories and tritium release limits.
{"title":"Transverse Tritium Engineering and Tritium Integration Across the EU DEMO Project","authors":"Barry Butler;Adam Cooper;Christian Day","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3401869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3401869","url":null,"abstract":"Progressing the design of the EU DEMO power plant increasingly requires an integrated approach as the project progresses, to ensure that interfaces are coherent and to identify potential tritium-related conflicts between different parts of the program. Thus, the function of transverse tritium engineering has been created in the DEMO Central Team Design work package. In this conference proceeding, a brief introduction to the DEMO organization and those parts of the project that are tritium related will be highlighted—these extend beyond the obvious tritium breeding and fuel cycle areas, to areas such as balance of plant and remote maintenance, all underpinned by a strong relationship with the safety and environment function. The transverse tritium engineering activity ensures that tritium is considered in all relevant design sprints and work packages and provides awareness of the issues relating to the use of tritium to those unfamiliar with the field. Driven by considerations such as tritium and HTO toxicity, tritium scarcity, and waste and decommissioning factors, four core tritium design principles have been derived to drive the best practice and awareness across the project. These are: 1) tritium inventory minimization; 2) tritium confinement; 3) tritium management and control; and 4) minimization of the use of other hydrogen isotopes. To identify where tritium should be considered during design activities, the pathways taken by tritium through an operational reactor are identified—both intended and unwanted. In addition, the entire life cycle of EU DEMO is considered. Integration between work packages is facilitated by the creation of interface identification documents in conjunction with system engineering to establish parameters such as mass balances and the establishment of trade budgets for important parameters affecting multiple work packages, such as tritium inventories and tritium release limits.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"3593-3599"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10741044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plasma-facing components (PFCs) in a tokamak require periodic in-service inspection to allow for the detection of any damage or wear due to the exposure to the high heat flux and plasma radiations so that repairs or replacement can be made before the damage becomes severe. The inspections must be done without breaking the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to maintain the machine availability. An in-vessel inspection system (IVIS) compatible to vacuum and high temperature has been developed for the in-service inspection of tokamaks. The IVIS is compatible to 8e−8 mbar vacuum and $100~^{circ }$ C temperature. The system consists of a 5-DOF articulated arm with a reach of up to 4 m to deploy inside the vacuum vessel carrying a vision device as a payload. It is mounted on a linear guide with a storage vacuum chamber (SVC) connected to the radial port of tokamak through a vacuum gate valve. The IVIS arm consists of 05 revolute joints based on vacuum-compatible brushless dc motors with specially lubricated gearboxes and UHV-compatible multiturn absolute encoders. The IVIS system is controlled remotely using a closed-loop virtual reality (VR)-based monitoring and control system. The IVIS control system is built on CAN-Open network architecture and includes high-precision servo drives with position feedback from Hall sensors and absolute encoders. During initial testing, the position repeatability of ±2 mm has been achieved. The system can also be adapted for inspection and maintenance in any large system with challenging environment such as vacuum, temperature, and narrow spaces. This article presents in detail the IVIS control system design and test results.
{"title":"Remote Handling Control System and Operations of Vacuum-Compatible In-Vessel Inspection System","authors":"Naveen Rastogi;Manoah Stephen;Krishan Kumar Gotewal;Ravi Ranjan Kumar;Jignesh Chauhan;Pramit Dutta;Dilip Raval;Yuvakiran Paravastu;Siju George","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3463714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3463714","url":null,"abstract":"The plasma-facing components (PFCs) in a tokamak require periodic in-service inspection to allow for the detection of any damage or wear due to the exposure to the high heat flux and plasma radiations so that repairs or replacement can be made before the damage becomes severe. The inspections must be done without breaking the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to maintain the machine availability. An in-vessel inspection system (IVIS) compatible to vacuum and high temperature has been developed for the in-service inspection of tokamaks. The IVIS is compatible to 8e−8 mbar vacuum and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C temperature. The system consists of a 5-DOF articulated arm with a reach of up to 4 m to deploy inside the vacuum vessel carrying a vision device as a payload. It is mounted on a linear guide with a storage vacuum chamber (SVC) connected to the radial port of tokamak through a vacuum gate valve. The IVIS arm consists of 05 revolute joints based on vacuum-compatible brushless dc motors with specially lubricated gearboxes and UHV-compatible multiturn absolute encoders. The IVIS system is controlled remotely using a closed-loop virtual reality (VR)-based monitoring and control system. The IVIS control system is built on CAN-Open network architecture and includes high-precision servo drives with position feedback from Hall sensors and absolute encoders. During initial testing, the position repeatability of ±2 mm has been achieved. The system can also be adapted for inspection and maintenance in any large system with challenging environment such as vacuum, temperature, and narrow spaces. This article presents in detail the IVIS control system design and test results.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"3930-3935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3450505
Bingbing Dong;Yan Meng;Zhiyuan Guo
The jet plasma triggered gas gap switch has the advantages of fast response and simple structure. It may meet the requirements for fast fault removal and isolation of the converter branch of hybrid high-voltage dc circuit breakers used in multiterminal flexible dc power grids. However, there is still insufficient research on the influence of trigger circuit parameters on the gas switch touch characteristics under high injection energy. The research on methods for improving triggering life and triggering failure criteria that consider multiple factors is not yet clear. A research platform for the triggering life of gas gap switches has been established for this purpose. The results indicate that the degradation of triggering cavity performance is the main reason for the failure of gas gap switch triggering. Increasing the charging voltage and capacitance value of the pulse capacitor can shorten the conduction time interval of the secondary cavity. Simultaneously increasing the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor can improve the plasma injection capability. There are two triggering failure states for gas gap switches. One is that the gas switch enters a weak triggering state, and the plasma jet from the primary cavity cannot “ignite” the secondary cavity to establish the main discharge circuit. The second reason is that the secondary cavity jet plasma cannot induce the high-voltage electrode discharge of the gas gap switch. Increasing the voltage value of the energy storage capacitor in the triggering circuit can effectively reduce the discharge delay jitter, but the impact on the lifespan improvement can be ignored. By increasing the charging voltage of the pulse capacitor in a stepped manner, the triggering life and touch stability can be significantly improved. The research results can provide theoretical reference and engineering application guidance for the triggering failure judgment and life improvement methods of gas gap switches.
{"title":"Study on Triggering Failure Test Criterion and the Law of ‘Touch-Through’ Characteristics of Gas Switch Plasma Jet","authors":"Bingbing Dong;Yan Meng;Zhiyuan Guo","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3450505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3450505","url":null,"abstract":"The jet plasma triggered gas gap switch has the advantages of fast response and simple structure. It may meet the requirements for fast fault removal and isolation of the converter branch of hybrid high-voltage dc circuit breakers used in multiterminal flexible dc power grids. However, there is still insufficient research on the influence of trigger circuit parameters on the gas switch touch characteristics under high injection energy. The research on methods for improving triggering life and triggering failure criteria that consider multiple factors is not yet clear. A research platform for the triggering life of gas gap switches has been established for this purpose. The results indicate that the degradation of triggering cavity performance is the main reason for the failure of gas gap switch triggering. Increasing the charging voltage and capacitance value of the pulse capacitor can shorten the conduction time interval of the secondary cavity. Simultaneously increasing the capacitance of the energy storage capacitor can improve the plasma injection capability. There are two triggering failure states for gas gap switches. One is that the gas switch enters a weak triggering state, and the plasma jet from the primary cavity cannot “ignite” the secondary cavity to establish the main discharge circuit. The second reason is that the secondary cavity jet plasma cannot induce the high-voltage electrode discharge of the gas gap switch. Increasing the voltage value of the energy storage capacitor in the triggering circuit can effectively reduce the discharge delay jitter, but the impact on the lifespan improvement can be ignored. By increasing the charging voltage of the pulse capacitor in a stepped manner, the triggering life and touch stability can be significantly improved. The research results can provide theoretical reference and engineering application guidance for the triggering failure judgment and life improvement methods of gas gap switches.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4589-4597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3476344
Zexi Xing;Jian Wang;Hongjian Li;Jianzhao Zhu;Zhiyun Han;Hanwen Ren;Qingmin Li
The operational environment characterized by ultrahigh-speed friction in electromagnetic launching causes the armature with a low melting point to melt. A portion of the liquid film is transferred onto the guideway, thereby elevating the interface roughness. This phenomenon leads to the destabilization of the liquid phase, rendering it incapable of fulfilling the necessary lubrication functions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanism of interface roughness on the state of the liquid film. This study integrates electromagnetic-stress-fluid multiphysical field coupling conditions and develops a mixed hydrodynamic lubrication model that incorporates the dynamic pressure effect, roughness characteristics, and elastic deformation. The research investigates the impact of varying roughness magnitude and asperity surface patterns on the interfacial pressure, liquid film thickness, load-bearing capacity, and friction coefficient of the armature rail (A/R) contact. Furthermore, the mixed lubrication contact mechanism at the A/R interface is analyzed. The results show that the transverse interface texture and minimal roughness can enhance the thickness distribution and pressure-bearing capacity of the metal liquid film. This effect reduces the probability of direct interface contact, mitigates the transition phenomenon resulting from interfacial liquid film rupture, and consequently extends the operational lifespan of the electromagnetic launch rail.
{"title":"A Mixed Hydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Armature-Rail Interface Considering Surface Contact Characteristics","authors":"Zexi Xing;Jian Wang;Hongjian Li;Jianzhao Zhu;Zhiyun Han;Hanwen Ren;Qingmin Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3476344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3476344","url":null,"abstract":"The operational environment characterized by ultrahigh-speed friction in electromagnetic launching causes the armature with a low melting point to melt. A portion of the liquid film is transferred onto the guideway, thereby elevating the interface roughness. This phenomenon leads to the destabilization of the liquid phase, rendering it incapable of fulfilling the necessary lubrication functions. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanism of interface roughness on the state of the liquid film. This study integrates electromagnetic-stress-fluid multiphysical field coupling conditions and develops a mixed hydrodynamic lubrication model that incorporates the dynamic pressure effect, roughness characteristics, and elastic deformation. The research investigates the impact of varying roughness magnitude and asperity surface patterns on the interfacial pressure, liquid film thickness, load-bearing capacity, and friction coefficient of the armature rail (A/R) contact. Furthermore, the mixed lubrication contact mechanism at the A/R interface is analyzed. The results show that the transverse interface texture and minimal roughness can enhance the thickness distribution and pressure-bearing capacity of the metal liquid film. This effect reduces the probability of direct interface contact, mitigates the transition phenomenon resulting from interfacial liquid film rupture, and consequently extends the operational lifespan of the electromagnetic launch rail.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4717-4726"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3477551
Marina Rizk;Nicholas R. Brown;G. Ivan Maldonado
Neutron transport calculations have been performed on advanced shielding materials. Metal hydrides and borohydrides were evaluated to find an alternative to tungsten carbide (WC), which is used in the in-vessel components. The study was conducted using a 22.5° sector and a detailed 360° geometry of the Fusion Energy System Studies-Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FESS-FNSF) using OpenMC and FENDL-3.2b nuclear data library. The neutronics analysis in this article was concentrated on calculating total nuclear (neutron and photon) heating at the magnet and the radiation damage of the inboard vacuum vessel (IBVV). For example, yttrium hydride (YH2) and vanadium hydride (VH2) showed lower radiation damage values compared to WC and other metals. Whereas alternative shielding materials did not show a significant change in the magnet nuclear heating.
{"title":"Neutronics Analysis of Shielding Material Alternative to Tungsten Carbide in the FESS-FNSF Facility","authors":"Marina Rizk;Nicholas R. Brown;G. Ivan Maldonado","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3477551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3477551","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron transport calculations have been performed on advanced shielding materials. Metal hydrides and borohydrides were evaluated to find an alternative to tungsten carbide (WC), which is used in the in-vessel components. The study was conducted using a 22.5° sector and a detailed 360° geometry of the Fusion Energy System Studies-Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FESS-FNSF) using OpenMC and FENDL-3.2b nuclear data library. The neutronics analysis in this article was concentrated on calculating total nuclear (neutron and photon) heating at the magnet and the radiation damage of the inboard vacuum vessel (IBVV). For example, yttrium hydride (YH2) and vanadium hydride (VH2) showed lower radiation damage values compared to WC and other metals. Whereas alternative shielding materials did not show a significant change in the magnet nuclear heating.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4050-4053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The magnetron, a high-power microwave active device within the realm of vacuum tubes, involves the modeling of anode structures such as hole and slot, slot, vane, and rising sun configurations through mathematical expressions. Eigenmode and strap analyses are conducted to determine the most suitable strapping method for each anode block. The equivalent circuit approach is compared with the simulation design and results with a negligible relative difference. Designing the magnetron with empirical equations alone proves impractical, necessitating an optimization approach. The backtracking search algorithm (BSA) emerges as a popular optimization tool capable of efficiently determining precise design parameters within minutes. BSA’s effectiveness is corroborated through validation against the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, demonstrating closely aligned results. Additionally, a parametric analysis is executed on all design parameters to elucidate their impact on inductance, capacitance, and operating frequency. The simplicity and accuracy of these optimization tools empower designers to craft vacuum devices with greater ease and precision.
{"title":"Optimization of Hole and Slot, Slot, Vane, and Rising Sun Anode Structures of the Magnetron","authors":"Patibandla Anilkumar;Dobbidi Pamu;Tapeshwar Tiwari","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3483901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3483901","url":null,"abstract":"The magnetron, a high-power microwave active device within the realm of vacuum tubes, involves the modeling of anode structures such as hole and slot, slot, vane, and rising sun configurations through mathematical expressions. Eigenmode and strap analyses are conducted to determine the most suitable strapping method for each anode block. The equivalent circuit approach is compared with the simulation design and results with a negligible relative difference. Designing the magnetron with empirical equations alone proves impractical, necessitating an optimization approach. The backtracking search algorithm (BSA) emerges as a popular optimization tool capable of efficiently determining precise design parameters within minutes. BSA’s effectiveness is corroborated through validation against the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, demonstrating closely aligned results. Additionally, a parametric analysis is executed on all design parameters to elucidate their impact on inductance, capacitance, and operating frequency. The simplicity and accuracy of these optimization tools empower designers to craft vacuum devices with greater ease and precision.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4739-4747"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3480968
Yuxin Hao;Hao Zhou;Song Qiu;Qingxiang Liu
Pulsed power technology, with its trend toward compactness, flexibility, energy sustain-ability and adjust-ability, is the cornerstone of high-power microwave (HPM) system. Exploring and improving the generation of adjustable rectangular wave pulses is the key to this technology. This article presents an recyclable and adjustable pulsewidth solid-state Blumlein pulse-forming network (BPFN) pulse generation which consists a BPFN circuit, a recyclable circuit, and a chopper switch. The recyclable circuit is utilized to recycle oscillation energy generated by chopper switch and is ready to be released for further utilization. By controlling the switch-on time of chopper switch after the main switch switched on, the pulsewidth is able to be adjusted. The pulsewidth of output wave of our proposed circuit can be adjusted flexibly, energy recycle efficiency is up to 97%, and its wave process is verified by simulation. In addition, the pulse power evaluation circuit board is built to demonstrate its performance. The experimental results show that the pulsewidth can be adjusted from 0.3 to $1.2~mu $ s with the output voltage of 800 V. The oscillation energy produced by chopping can be recovered, with recovery efficiencies of 2.91%, 8.03%, 26.69%, and 43.08% corresponding to pulse widths of 1.2, 1, and $0.4~mu $ s, and fully recovery, respectively.
{"title":"Adjustable Width Solid-State PFN Pulse Generation Using a Recyclable Energy Circuit","authors":"Yuxin Hao;Hao Zhou;Song Qiu;Qingxiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3480968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3480968","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed power technology, with its trend toward compactness, flexibility, energy sustain-ability and adjust-ability, is the cornerstone of high-power microwave (HPM) system. Exploring and improving the generation of adjustable rectangular wave pulses is the key to this technology. This article presents an recyclable and adjustable pulsewidth solid-state Blumlein pulse-forming network (BPFN) pulse generation which consists a BPFN circuit, a recyclable circuit, and a chopper switch. The recyclable circuit is utilized to recycle oscillation energy generated by chopper switch and is ready to be released for further utilization. By controlling the switch-on time of chopper switch after the main switch switched on, the pulsewidth is able to be adjusted. The pulsewidth of output wave of our proposed circuit can be adjusted flexibly, energy recycle efficiency is up to 97%, and its wave process is verified by simulation. In addition, the pulse power evaluation circuit board is built to demonstrate its performance. The experimental results show that the pulsewidth can be adjusted from 0.3 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.2~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 s with the output voltage of 800 V. The oscillation energy produced by chopping can be recovered, with recovery efficiencies of 2.91%, 8.03%, 26.69%, and 43.08% corresponding to pulse widths of 1.2, 1, and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.4~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 s, and fully recovery, respectively.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4630-4638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-25DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3481051
Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Anbang Gu;Lixue Chen;Chengxian Li;Hongdan Yang
The armature and rail (A/R) interface in railgun is considered a dynamic electrical contact involving contact pressure and area variations, and the extreme working conditions lead to distinct electromagnetic properties from the bulk and perfect contact. This article investigates the mechanical and electromagnetic properties of the dynamic A/R interface based on imperfect contact boundary conditions. The contact area expands as the driving current increases, which increases the current distributed area and enhances uniformity. The current redistribution patterns are identified as forced shifts of current, with currents on the previous contact area boundaries decreasing and those on the existing boundaries increasing sharply. The analysis results indicate that the electric scalar potential difference and contact conductivity dominate the current variations on previous and existing boundaries, respectively. In other words, the conduction current and the contact state are the primary factors causing forced shifts of current rather than the induction current. Furthermore, the influences of dynamic contact conditions on the electric scalar potential difference are studied, and the results indicate that contact area variation has a more significant impact on the electric scalar potential difference. As the contact area changes, the conduction current paths shift with contact area boundaries, which causes variations in electric scalar potential differences, consequently, leading to the phenomenon of forced current shifts.
{"title":"Investigation in Forced Shifts of Current on the Dynamic Armature and Rail Interface","authors":"Jinghan Xu;Shengguo Xia;Anbang Gu;Lixue Chen;Chengxian Li;Hongdan Yang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2024.3481051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3481051","url":null,"abstract":"The armature and rail (A/R) interface in railgun is considered a dynamic electrical contact involving contact pressure and area variations, and the extreme working conditions lead to distinct electromagnetic properties from the bulk and perfect contact. This article investigates the mechanical and electromagnetic properties of the dynamic A/R interface based on imperfect contact boundary conditions. The contact area expands as the driving current increases, which increases the current distributed area and enhances uniformity. The current redistribution patterns are identified as forced shifts of current, with currents on the previous contact area boundaries decreasing and those on the existing boundaries increasing sharply. The analysis results indicate that the electric scalar potential difference and contact conductivity dominate the current variations on previous and existing boundaries, respectively. In other words, the conduction current and the contact state are the primary factors causing forced shifts of current rather than the induction current. Furthermore, the influences of dynamic contact conditions on the electric scalar potential difference are studied, and the results indicate that contact area variation has a more significant impact on the electric scalar potential difference. As the contact area changes, the conduction current paths shift with contact area boundaries, which causes variations in electric scalar potential differences, consequently, leading to the phenomenon of forced current shifts.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"52 9","pages":"4727-4734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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