Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830
{"title":"Special Issue on the 40th PSSI National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3229-3229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3228-3228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"2860-2860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616
{"title":"Special Issue on the 40th PSSI National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"2861-2861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A circuit method for a pulsed power generator has been proposed and tested. It is based on hybrid energy storage (HES), which is a combination of capacitive energy storage (CES) and inductive energy storage (IES). By properly adjusting the energy ratio between the capacitor and the inductor, the circuit allows flexible control of the output impedance, while preventing harmful circuit response to unexpected load impedance variation. In addition, it allows energy recovery from the inductor after the output pulse. The proposed circuit has been intended as a module for more complicated pulsed power systems. For this reason, output voltage adding has been demonstrated using five stages.
{"title":"Pulsed Power Circuit Using Hybrid Energy Storage With Controllable Output Impedance","authors":"Xijie Wang;Taichi Sugai;Akira Tokuchi;Weihua Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615951","url":null,"abstract":"A circuit method for a pulsed power generator has been proposed and tested. It is based on hybrid energy storage (HES), which is a combination of capacitive energy storage (CES) and inductive energy storage (IES). By properly adjusting the energy ratio between the capacitor and the inductor, the circuit allows flexible control of the output impedance, while preventing harmful circuit response to unexpected load impedance variation. In addition, it allows energy recovery from the inductor after the output pulse. The proposed circuit has been intended as a module for more complicated pulsed power systems. For this reason, output voltage adding has been demonstrated using five stages.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3468-3475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612
Num Prasad Acharya;Suresh Basnet;Amar Prasad Misra;Raju Khanal
We study the characteristics of small-amplitude nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in active magnetized positive-ion-beam-driven dusty plasmas with the effects of nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. In the model, we consider the ion-neutral collision and thereby consider the collision-enhanced ion current to the dust-charging process and dust charge fluctuations. We show that the streaming of the positive-ion beam significantly affects the dust-charging process in which the dust charge number decreases (increases) with an increased beam velocity (number density). Using the standard reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we derive the evolution equations in the form of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations for DIA solitary waves for two different cases: nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. We study the effect of positive ion beam, dust charge variation, magnetic field, ion creation, and ion-neutral collision-enhanced current on the wave characteristics. We find that the soliton energy decays with time and is affected by the beam velocity. Also, the solitary waves get damped by the effects of ion creation, ion loss, ion-neutral collision-enhanced current, and dust charge variation. Although the ion beam does not change the polarity of solitary waves in the case of adiabatic dust charge variation, a transition from rarefactive to compressive solitary waves occurs in the presence of an ion beam with nonadiabatic dust charge variation.
{"title":"Dust-Ion-Acoustic Solitons in an Ion-Beam-Driven Dusty Magnetoplasma With Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Dust Charge Variations","authors":"Num Prasad Acharya;Suresh Basnet;Amar Prasad Misra;Raju Khanal","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612","url":null,"abstract":"We study the characteristics of small-amplitude nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in active magnetized positive-ion-beam-driven dusty plasmas with the effects of nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. In the model, we consider the ion-neutral collision and thereby consider the collision-enhanced ion current to the dust-charging process and dust charge fluctuations. We show that the streaming of the positive-ion beam significantly affects the dust-charging process in which the dust charge number decreases (increases) with an increased beam velocity (number density). Using the standard reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we derive the evolution equations in the form of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations for DIA solitary waves for two different cases: nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. We study the effect of positive ion beam, dust charge variation, magnetic field, ion creation, and ion-neutral collision-enhanced current on the wave characteristics. We find that the soliton energy decays with time and is affected by the beam velocity. Also, the solitary waves get damped by the effects of ion creation, ion loss, ion-neutral collision-enhanced current, and dust charge variation. Although the ion beam does not change the polarity of solitary waves in the case of adiabatic dust charge variation, a transition from rarefactive to compressive solitary waves occurs in the presence of an ion beam with nonadiabatic dust charge variation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3509-3523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3615738
Mahsa Keykhali;Keyvan Firuzi
Effective cancer therapy relies on the precise targeting and elimination of malignant cells while preserving the integrity of surrounding healthy tissue. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising treatment modality, yet its therapeutic efficacy remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we present a comprehensive and quantitative framework to evaluate CAP–tissue interactions using breast tissue-mimicking phantoms, combining experimental dielectric characterization with simulation-based plasma modeling. In addition, we introduce a novel method to assess CAP–tissue interactions through the reflection coefficient ($S_{11}$ ), enabling detailed characterization of frequency-resolved dielectric responses. Numerical simulations estimate electron densities on the order of $10^{16}$ (1/m3), while experimental investigations employ a plasma jet driven by a custom-designed circuit. Voltage and current measurements are analyzed alongside simulation data to estimate electron density, and ${S} _{11}$ measurements are used to extract impedance and permittivity changes. The results consistently demonstrate that CAP exposure increases ${S} _{11}$ and impedance while reducing dielectric properties, with effects strongly dependent on input voltage, electrode distance, and treatment duration. This phantom-based framework provides a reproducible and quantitative approach to evaluate CAP effects, establishing a solid foundation for future ex-vivo studies and enabling controlled, noninvasive monitoring of plasma-induced dielectric changes in biologically relevant models.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of Indirect Cold Atmospheric Plasma for Breast Cancer Treatment","authors":"Mahsa Keykhali;Keyvan Firuzi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615738","url":null,"abstract":"Effective cancer therapy relies on the precise targeting and elimination of malignant cells while preserving the integrity of surrounding healthy tissue. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has emerged as a promising treatment modality, yet its therapeutic efficacy remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we present a comprehensive and quantitative framework to evaluate CAP–tissue interactions using breast tissue-mimicking phantoms, combining experimental dielectric characterization with simulation-based plasma modeling. In addition, we introduce a novel method to assess CAP–tissue interactions through the reflection coefficient (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), enabling detailed characterization of frequency-resolved dielectric responses. Numerical simulations estimate electron densities on the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{16}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (1/m<sup>3</sup>), while experimental investigations employ a plasma jet driven by a custom-designed circuit. Voltage and current measurements are analyzed alongside simulation data to estimate electron density, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements are used to extract impedance and permittivity changes. The results consistently demonstrate that CAP exposure increases <inline-formula> <tex-math>${S} _{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and impedance while reducing dielectric properties, with effects strongly dependent on input voltage, electrode distance, and treatment duration. This phantom-based framework provides a reproducible and quantitative approach to evaluate CAP effects, establishing a solid foundation for future ex-vivo studies and enabling controlled, noninvasive monitoring of plasma-induced dielectric changes in biologically relevant models.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3498-3508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The operational stability of ITER power supplies requires the optimal coordination of the reactive power compensation (RPC) system, which comprises a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and tuned filters, particularly under high-dynamic load conditions. Existing RPC control methods have inherent limitations, such as high latency, model dependency, and poor disturbance rejection, which restrict their ability to meet stringent regulation demands during extreme plasma control scenarios. This article develops a forecasting-$Q$ -linear active disturbance rejection control (FQLADRC) framework that integrates an extended state observer (ESO) and a proportional-derivative (PD) controller, with predictive $Q$ commands calculated by coordinating plasma control system (PCS) reference signals. The proposed control strategy achieves higher precision in dynamic $Q$ regulation, faster transient responses, and strong robustness against model deviations and environmental interference. Key $Q$ -linear active disturbance rejection control (QLADRC) parameters are determined via bandwidth parameterization with engineering configurations. Simulations validate the algorithm’s efficacy, showing significant reductions in grid $Q$ oscillations and voltage fluctuations during load disturbances, alongside improved ac busbar stability. Furthermore, this work provides guidance for optimizing RPC systems in other high-capacity, strong-impulse power grids, with resilience to internal uncertainties (e.g., response delays and parameter perturbations) and external disturbances (e.g., harmonics and operational noise).
{"title":"Enhanced Coordinated Control of ITER Power Supplies and Reactive Power Compensation System","authors":"Dengge Jia;Jun Tao;Renjing Fan;Yiyun Huang;Mingxing Zhu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615910","url":null,"abstract":"The operational stability of ITER power supplies requires the optimal coordination of the reactive power compensation (RPC) system, which comprises a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and tuned filters, particularly under high-dynamic load conditions. Existing RPC control methods have inherent limitations, such as high latency, model dependency, and poor disturbance rejection, which restrict their ability to meet stringent regulation demands during extreme plasma control scenarios. This article develops a forecasting-<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-linear active disturbance rejection control (FQLADRC) framework that integrates an extended state observer (ESO) and a proportional-derivative (PD) controller, with predictive <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> commands calculated by coordinating plasma control system (PCS) reference signals. The proposed control strategy achieves higher precision in dynamic <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regulation, faster transient responses, and strong robustness against model deviations and environmental interference. Key <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-linear active disturbance rejection control (QLADRC) parameters are determined via bandwidth parameterization with engineering configurations. Simulations validate the algorithm’s efficacy, showing significant reductions in grid <inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> oscillations and voltage fluctuations during load disturbances, alongside improved ac busbar stability. Furthermore, this work provides guidance for optimizing RPC systems in other high-capacity, strong-impulse power grids, with resilience to internal uncertainties (e.g., response delays and parameter perturbations) and external disturbances (e.g., harmonics and operational noise).","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3440-3452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3613236
G. V. Dowhan;B. Piercy;B. Adolf;M. Forkin;R. Jensen;J. L. Giuliani;A. E. Robson;J. D. Sethian;N. Chaturvedi;J. Chittenden;F. Hegeler
This article provides an overview of the diagnostic systems of the z-Pinch Initiation Facility (ZIF). The goal of these diagnostics was to investigate the initialization and early evolution of a cryogenic deuterium fiber z-pinch. The optical diagnostics consist of an eight-frame, fast-framing (FF) camera for visible self-emission imaging, a streak camera for radial or axial temporal visible self-emission profiles, and a single-frame, 532-nm laser-backlit shadowgraphy system. X-ray emission is monitored through the use of p-i-n and diamond radiation detectors (DRD). Neutron emission is measured and characterized through the combined use of a suite of bubble detectors (BDs) and neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors. This article is one of the four papers written about ZIF. The other papers concentrate on the ZIF driver, the z-pinch simulations, and a summary paper on the z-pinch experimental results. An archive of all results will be made available to the public in 2026.
{"title":"Diagnostic Suite on the Z-Pinch Initiation Facility (ZIF) for Investigation of the Frozen Fiber Z-Pinch","authors":"G. V. Dowhan;B. Piercy;B. Adolf;M. Forkin;R. Jensen;J. L. Giuliani;A. E. Robson;J. D. Sethian;N. Chaturvedi;J. Chittenden;F. Hegeler","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3613236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3613236","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of the diagnostic systems of the z-Pinch Initiation Facility (ZIF). The goal of these diagnostics was to investigate the initialization and early evolution of a cryogenic deuterium fiber z-pinch. The optical diagnostics consist of an eight-frame, fast-framing (FF) camera for visible self-emission imaging, a streak camera for radial or axial temporal visible self-emission profiles, and a single-frame, 532-nm laser-backlit shadowgraphy system. X-ray emission is monitored through the use of p-i-n and diamond radiation detectors (DRD). Neutron emission is measured and characterized through the combined use of a suite of bubble detectors (BDs) and neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors. This article is one of the four papers written about ZIF. The other papers concentrate on the ZIF driver, the z-pinch simulations, and a summary paper on the z-pinch experimental results. An archive of all results will be made available to the public in 2026.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3536-3543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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