Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3635647
Guodong Lu;Yiqin Liu;Weiwen Li
Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structures with negative group delay (NGD) have generally been restricted to single-band operation. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a novel SSPP unit that achieves dual-band NGD by simultaneously exhibiting single-negative permittivity and single-negative permeability. The proposed unit provides group delays of −5.5 and −2.4 ns at 1.86 and 2.78 GHz, respectively, representing significantly enhanced compensation capability compared with prior reports. By embedding this NGD unit into a conventional SSPP waveguide, both Gaussian pulses and double-sideband (DSB)-modulated signals are effectively compensated, leading to envelope advancement and reduced propagation delay. The results confirm that the proposed dual-band NGD mechanism broadens the functionalities of SSPP systems and offers strong potential for applications in high-speed communication, synchronous transmission, and real-time sensing.
{"title":"A Novel Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Unit With Dual-Band Negative Group Delay","authors":"Guodong Lu;Yiqin Liu;Weiwen Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3635647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3635647","url":null,"abstract":"Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structures with negative group delay (NGD) have generally been restricted to single-band operation. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a novel SSPP unit that achieves dual-band NGD by simultaneously exhibiting single-negative permittivity and single-negative permeability. The proposed unit provides group delays of −5.5 and −2.4 ns at 1.86 and 2.78 GHz, respectively, representing significantly enhanced compensation capability compared with prior reports. By embedding this NGD unit into a conventional SSPP waveguide, both Gaussian pulses and double-sideband (DSB)-modulated signals are effectively compensated, leading to envelope advancement and reduced propagation delay. The results confirm that the proposed dual-band NGD mechanism broadens the functionalities of SSPP systems and offers strong potential for applications in high-speed communication, synchronous transmission, and real-time sensing.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"54 1","pages":"228-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3629331
Pengchao Pei;Kai Huang;Bin Cao;Xia Ge
In engineering, a “D-shaped” armature-rail contact method is used in rail-gun devices between a solid armature and rail. The sliding electrical contact performance between armature-rail is closely related to the state of the contact surfaces. In order to address the problem of uneven contact surface erosion caused by the contact method, based on the type of “D-shaped” between armature-rail, different armature structures were designed to adjust the shape of the rail. The static contact calculation model was established; by this means, the effective contact surface area under different fit forms was obtained based on the “1-g/A” rule, then the thermal power value of the contact surface was calculated accordingly, and the contact state under non-launch conditions was verified by conducting friction and wear tests. In the end, by constraining the armature displacement and applying current, the ablation condition of current within the contact surface was simulated statically. The experimental results showed that the ablation degree of the contact surface was significantly reduced when using the conical interference fit method. The research results indicate that the conical interference contact method is adopted for the contact surface between armature-rail, compared with traditional cylindrical contact method, the pressure distribution gradient on contact surface area can be significantly reduced, and the degree of erosion is more uniform, compared to traditional armature, the effective flow area has increased by 33.9%, and compared to cylindrical interference methods, it has increased by 7.1%, the growth of effective contact area significantly reduces the ablation degree of contact surface, making it a more ideal contact method. This not only ensures sufficient contact area but also effectively reduces the degree of erosion on the armature surface, making the conical interference method an ideal way to improve the state of contact. Through this study, the aim is to provide a new technological route for the coordination between armature-rail and to propose a new armature design method that is conducive to promoting the engineering application of electromagnetic rail launch devices.
{"title":"Research on the Contact Method Between Armature-Rail for Railgun Based on Heat Flow Distribution","authors":"Pengchao Pei;Kai Huang;Bin Cao;Xia Ge","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3629331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3629331","url":null,"abstract":"In engineering, a “D-shaped” armature-rail contact method is used in rail-gun devices between a solid armature and rail. The sliding electrical contact performance between armature-rail is closely related to the state of the contact surfaces. In order to address the problem of uneven contact surface erosion caused by the contact method, based on the type of “D-shaped” between armature-rail, different armature structures were designed to adjust the shape of the rail. The static contact calculation model was established; by this means, the effective contact surface area under different fit forms was obtained based on the “1-g/A” rule, then the thermal power value of the contact surface was calculated accordingly, and the contact state under non-launch conditions was verified by conducting friction and wear tests. In the end, by constraining the armature displacement and applying current, the ablation condition of current within the contact surface was simulated statically. The experimental results showed that the ablation degree of the contact surface was significantly reduced when using the conical interference fit method. The research results indicate that the conical interference contact method is adopted for the contact surface between armature-rail, compared with traditional cylindrical contact method, the pressure distribution gradient on contact surface area can be significantly reduced, and the degree of erosion is more uniform, compared to traditional armature, the effective flow area has increased by 33.9%, and compared to cylindrical interference methods, it has increased by 7.1%, the growth of effective contact area significantly reduces the ablation degree of contact surface, making it a more ideal contact method. This not only ensures sufficient contact area but also effectively reduces the degree of erosion on the armature surface, making the conical interference method an ideal way to improve the state of contact. Through this study, the aim is to provide a new technological route for the coordination between armature-rail and to propose a new armature design method that is conducive to promoting the engineering application of electromagnetic rail launch devices.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3956-3962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3635125
Zhizhen Liu;Xinjie Yu;Zhen Li;Bei Li
In the research of pulsed power supplies (PPSs) for electromagnetic launch (EML), it is of great significance to improve the energy density and waveform modulation capability. This article proposes an asynchronous multimodule coupled inductive PPS (IPPS) system and a rapid analysis method for it, which has a higher energy density than that of the planar IPPS system, and meanwhile, it has a more flexible spatial structure and sufficient waveform modulation capabilities. In view of the high complexity of the system circuit, the symmetric equivalent method (SEM) is proposed. By combining it with the homogeneous circuit order reduction method (HCORM), the solution of the multimodule circuit is simplified into the solutions of multiple low-order circuits, which greatly improves the calculation speed. An example is selected, and the system and method are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The calculation speed of this method is about 27.9 times that of the simulation, and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) is extremely small. Besides, its energy density can be 106.8% higher than that of the planar system. This research provides theoretical support and methodological references for the future optimized design, operation, and practical application of IPPS systems.
{"title":"Asynchronous Multimodule Coupled IPPS System and Rapid Calculation Method","authors":"Zhizhen Liu;Xinjie Yu;Zhen Li;Bei Li","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3635125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3635125","url":null,"abstract":"In the research of pulsed power supplies (PPSs) for electromagnetic launch (EML), it is of great significance to improve the energy density and waveform modulation capability. This article proposes an asynchronous multimodule coupled inductive PPS (IPPS) system and a rapid analysis method for it, which has a higher energy density than that of the planar IPPS system, and meanwhile, it has a more flexible spatial structure and sufficient waveform modulation capabilities. In view of the high complexity of the system circuit, the symmetric equivalent method (SEM) is proposed. By combining it with the homogeneous circuit order reduction method (HCORM), the solution of the multimodule circuit is simplified into the solutions of multiple low-order circuits, which greatly improves the calculation speed. An example is selected, and the system and method are verified by MATLAB/Simulink simulation. The calculation speed of this method is about 27.9 times that of the simulation, and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) is extremely small. Besides, its energy density can be 106.8% higher than that of the planar system. This research provides theoretical support and methodological references for the future optimized design, operation, and practical application of IPPS systems.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3963-3973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3632754
Hamza Ben Krid;Hamza Wertani;Aymen Hlali;Hassen Zairi
This work introduces a high-sensitivity graphene-based terahertz biosensor optimized using a support vector machine (SVM) approach for accurate cervical cancer diagnosis. The proposed structure demonstrates strong reconfigurability, with the resonance frequency shifting from 4.84 THz at $mu _{c} = 0~text {eV}$ to 5.03 THz at $mu _{c} = 0.5~text {eV}$ , confirming the efficient tunability enabled by graphene’s chemical potential. Sensitivity analysis reveals distinct responses for representative biomarkers, yielding 57.6, 76.9, 100.3, and 116.9 (GHz/RIU), respectively. To enhance predictive reliability, a SVM regression model was implemented, achieving an excellent coefficient of determination of $R^{2} =0.978$ . After optimization, the predicted sensitivities improved to 93, 129.2, 171.4, and 231.6 (GHz/RIU), demonstrating the model’s capacity to accurately capture nonlinear dependencies between chemical potential, temperature, and relaxation time. These results confirm that modulation of graphene’s electronic properties plays a decisive role in resonance control and sensitivity enhancement, establishing a compact, label free, and machine-learning-assisted platform for early detection of cervical cancer.
{"title":"High-Sensitivity Graphene-Based Terahertz Biosensor for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis: SVM-Assisted Optimization","authors":"Hamza Ben Krid;Hamza Wertani;Aymen Hlali;Hassen Zairi","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3632754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3632754","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a high-sensitivity graphene-based terahertz biosensor optimized using a support vector machine (SVM) approach for accurate cervical cancer diagnosis. The proposed structure demonstrates strong reconfigurability, with the resonance frequency shifting from 4.84 THz at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{c} = 0~text {eV}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 5.03 THz at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu _{c} = 0.5~text {eV}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, confirming the efficient tunability enabled by graphene’s chemical potential. Sensitivity analysis reveals distinct responses for representative biomarkers, yielding 57.6, 76.9, 100.3, and 116.9 (GHz/RIU), respectively. To enhance predictive reliability, a SVM regression model was implemented, achieving an excellent coefficient of determination of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$R^{2} =0.978$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. After optimization, the predicted sensitivities improved to 93, 129.2, 171.4, and 231.6 (GHz/RIU), demonstrating the model’s capacity to accurately capture nonlinear dependencies between chemical potential, temperature, and relaxation time. These results confirm that modulation of graphene’s electronic properties plays a decisive role in resonance control and sensitivity enhancement, establishing a compact, label free, and machine-learning-assisted platform for early detection of cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"4000-4008"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3627946
Hongwei Zhang;Hongbin Pu;Shuxin Zhang
The dc bias voltage ($U_{0}$ ) plays a crucial role in the operation of superfast ionization thyristor (SIT). However, there is limited literature exploring the underlying mechanism and the influence of $U_{0}$ on SIT performances. The silicon-based SIT (Si SIT) has traditionally dominated both theoretical and experimental research in this field, and the emergence of wide bandgaps (WBGs) materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC), has opened up an entirely new domain for SIT research. In this article, the influence of $U_{0}$ on switching characteristics of ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) silicon carbide (SiC) SIT was investigated by numerical simulation. The device under the study features a traditional SiC asymmetrical thyristor structure with a breakdown voltage ($U_{text {vb}}$ ) of 13.27 kV. To ensure triggering of the UHV SiC SIT at a lower $U_{0}$ , an external pulse with a rise time of 20 kV/ns was applied. The results show that the characteristics of the UHV SiC SIT improve as $U_{0}$ increases. Compared to $U_{0}$ of 4 kV, when $U_{0}$ increases to 12 kV, the maximum voltage ($U_{max }$ ) increases by 5.31% and switching time ($T_{text {on}}$ ) and delay time ($T_{text {delay}}$ ) decrease by 72.96% and 76.67%, respectively. These improvements are attributed to the variation in carrier density within the $N^{-}$ long base layer of device, which are influenced by the effects of drift and injection of nonequilibrium carrier.
{"title":"Study on the Influence of DC Bias Voltage on the Characteristics of Ultrahigh-Voltage Silicon Carbide Superfast Ionization Thyristor","authors":"Hongwei Zhang;Hongbin Pu;Shuxin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3627946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3627946","url":null,"abstract":"The dc bias voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) plays a crucial role in the operation of superfast ionization thyristor (SIT). However, there is limited literature exploring the underlying mechanism and the influence of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on SIT performances. The silicon-based SIT (Si SIT) has traditionally dominated both theoretical and experimental research in this field, and the emergence of wide bandgaps (WBGs) materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC), has opened up an entirely new domain for SIT research. In this article, the influence of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on switching characteristics of ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) silicon carbide (SiC) SIT was investigated by numerical simulation. The device under the study features a traditional SiC asymmetrical thyristor structure with a breakdown voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{text {vb}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 13.27 kV. To ensure triggering of the UHV SiC SIT at a lower <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, an external pulse with a rise time of 20 kV/ns was applied. The results show that the characteristics of the UHV SiC SIT improve as <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases. Compared to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 4 kV, when <inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases to 12 kV, the maximum voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$U_{max }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) increases by 5.31% and switching time (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$T_{text {on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and delay time (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$T_{text {delay}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) decrease by 72.96% and 76.67%, respectively. These improvements are attributed to the variation in carrier density within the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$N^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> long base layer of device, which are influenced by the effects of drift and injection of nonequilibrium carrier.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3858-3864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094
Bylapudi Rama Devi;Rajan Agrahari;Manpuran Mahto
A terahertz (THz) metasurface is proposed, featuring switchable multifunctionality achieved through the integration of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The design incorporates a configuration that combines gold elements with an SiO2 spacer layer, enabling dynamic electromagnetic (EM) response control. VO2, a well-known phase-change material, exhibits insulator behavior at low temperatures and metallic properties at elevated temperatures (above $67~^{circ }$ C). This temperature-dependent phase transition enables dynamic control of the metasurface optical properties, allowing it to perform multiple functions. The metasurface functions effectively in its metallic state, operates as a broadband absorber with absorption exceeding 90% across the frequency range 1.55–2.67 THz, achieving peak absorptance of 100% at 1.79 THz and 98% at 2.23 THz. When in its insulating state, the device acts as a polarization converter, achieving the transformation from linear-to-cross polarization conversion (LP-CPC) within 1.11–1.91 THz and 2.70–2.94 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LP-CP) across 0.99–1.05 THz, 2.13–2.57 THz, and 3.06–3.88 THz. The wideband absorber demonstrated a shielding efficiency exceeding 20 dB within the targeted frequency spectrum. This high level of attenuation highlights its suitability for applications in EM interference (EMI) protection. The proposed metasurface demonstrates multifunctionality, making it a highly suitable option for applications in THz sensors, spatial light modulators, emitters, thermophotovoltaic systems, and next-generation wireless communication technologies.
{"title":"Trifunctional Vanadium Dioxide-Based Switchable Metasurface for Terahertz Waves","authors":"Bylapudi Rama Devi;Rajan Agrahari;Manpuran Mahto","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3632094","url":null,"abstract":"A terahertz (THz) metasurface is proposed, featuring switchable multifunctionality achieved through the integration of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>). The design incorporates a configuration that combines gold elements with an SiO<sub>2</sub> spacer layer, enabling dynamic electromagnetic (EM) response control. VO<sub>2</sub>, a well-known phase-change material, exhibits insulator behavior at low temperatures and metallic properties at elevated temperatures (above <inline-formula> <tex-math>$67~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C). This temperature-dependent phase transition enables dynamic control of the metasurface optical properties, allowing it to perform multiple functions. The metasurface functions effectively in its metallic state, operates as a broadband absorber with absorption exceeding 90% across the frequency range 1.55–2.67 THz, achieving peak absorptance of 100% at 1.79 THz and 98% at 2.23 THz. When in its insulating state, the device acts as a polarization converter, achieving the transformation from linear-to-cross polarization conversion (LP-CPC) within 1.11–1.91 THz and 2.70–2.94 THz, and linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LP-CP) across 0.99–1.05 THz, 2.13–2.57 THz, and 3.06–3.88 THz. The wideband absorber demonstrated a shielding efficiency exceeding 20 dB within the targeted frequency spectrum. This high level of attenuation highlights its suitability for applications in EM interference (EMI) protection. The proposed metasurface demonstrates multifunctionality, making it a highly suitable option for applications in THz sensors, spatial light modulators, emitters, thermophotovoltaic systems, and next-generation wireless communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3980-3991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388
Priyvrat Vats;Bhim Singh
This manuscript details the design, development, and experimental validation of a miniature compulsator developed for compact pulsed power applications, such as arc welding. A Halbach-equivalent permanent magnet (PM) excitation system is implemented using uniformly magnetized NdFeB blocks arranged in a precision mold, eliminating the need for complex magnetization. The machine incorporates a slotless, concentric four-phase armature winding placed in air gap to minimize internal impedance, leakage, and mutual inductance. Passive compensation using an aluminum shield ensures uniform inductance during rotor rotation by inducing image currents. Key electromagnetic parameters, such as air-gap flux density and self-inductance, are derived through transient finite element analysis (FEA) and verified through experimental result. A prototype is fabricated and tested under open-circuit and resistive loads. Experimental results closely align with FEA predictions, confirming accuracy of the design approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed architecture for scalable, high-efficiency compulsator-based pulsed power systems.
{"title":"Development of a Miniature Compulsator for High-Current Pulsed Power Systems","authors":"Priyvrat Vats;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3631388","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript details the design, development, and experimental validation of a miniature compulsator developed for compact pulsed power applications, such as arc welding. A Halbach-equivalent permanent magnet (PM) excitation system is implemented using uniformly magnetized NdFeB blocks arranged in a precision mold, eliminating the need for complex magnetization. The machine incorporates a slotless, concentric four-phase armature winding placed in air gap to minimize internal impedance, leakage, and mutual inductance. Passive compensation using an aluminum shield ensures uniform inductance during rotor rotation by inducing image currents. Key electromagnetic parameters, such as air-gap flux density and self-inductance, are derived through transient finite element analysis (FEA) and verified through experimental result. A prototype is fabricated and tested under open-circuit and resistive loads. Experimental results closely align with FEA predictions, confirming accuracy of the design approach. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed architecture for scalable, high-efficiency compulsator-based pulsed power systems.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3850-3857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051
J. T. Bonnema;S. Lisgo;A. J. M. Pemen;T. Huiskamp
Project Elpis investigates the use of a plasma focus (PF) as a commercial radiation source, ideally for fusion energy generation. A PF is a type of pinch in which a short-lived, hot, and dense plasma is created, in which fusion reactions can take place. Since this is an energy-dense pulsed apparatus, eventually a suitable pulse source must be designed. First, the requirements for the initial research prototype have been determined (10 kV, 10 kJ, 500 kA, and 25 $mu $ s). Due to the requirement for a long operational lifetime, in this work, we will investigate a solid-state pulse switch implementation and develop a first (lower power, 1-kV) prototype for the initial research demonstrator. Different solid-state switches (an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and two MOS-gated thyristors) have been experimentally selected for their current conduction capabilities in the required regime, after which a final selection is made. Next, a sinusoidal discharge pulse source is designed to measure the current-sharing performance of four such switches in parallel. The results show a desirable current sharing performance (<15% difference) below 20-kA peak. Simultaneously, a simulation model is developed to aid in further system design. Next, a switch module consisting of 16 switches in parallel has been designed. Again, sufficient current sharing behavior is observed (<5% difference) up to 140-kA peak (single-shot and destructive) and 70-kA peak for repetitive operation. Finally, simulations demonstrating the feasibility of the 500-kA prototype are shown, as well as a successful simulated operation with PF.
{"title":"High-Current, Solid-State Switch for Dense Plasma Focus Applications","authors":"J. T. Bonnema;S. Lisgo;A. J. M. Pemen;T. Huiskamp","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3630051","url":null,"abstract":"Project Elpis investigates the use of a plasma focus (PF) as a commercial radiation source, ideally for fusion energy generation. A PF is a type of pinch in which a short-lived, hot, and dense plasma is created, in which fusion reactions can take place. Since this is an energy-dense pulsed apparatus, eventually a suitable pulse source must be designed. First, the requirements for the initial research prototype have been determined (10 kV, 10 kJ, 500 kA, and 25 <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s). Due to the requirement for a long operational lifetime, in this work, we will investigate a solid-state pulse switch implementation and develop a first (lower power, 1-kV) prototype for the initial research demonstrator. Different solid-state switches (an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) and two MOS-gated thyristors) have been experimentally selected for their current conduction capabilities in the required regime, after which a final selection is made. Next, a sinusoidal discharge pulse source is designed to measure the current-sharing performance of four such switches in parallel. The results show a desirable current sharing performance (<15% difference) below 20-kA peak. Simultaneously, a simulation model is developed to aid in further system design. Next, a switch module consisting of 16 switches in parallel has been designed. Again, sufficient current sharing behavior is observed (<5% difference) up to 140-kA peak (single-shot and destructive) and 70-kA peak for repetitive operation. Finally, simulations demonstrating the feasibility of the 500-kA prototype are shown, as well as a successful simulated operation with PF.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3878-3891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article performs a systematic investigation into the waveform characteristics of natural lightning electric fields at 4000-m altitudes. Using measured data from Lhasa and Yangbajing observation stations in Tibet, the study conducts a detailed statistical analysis of time-domain parameters (e.g., rise time, half-peak width, and zero-crossing duration) for positive first return strokes, negative first return strokes, and negative subsequent return strokes. By integrating the physical characteristics of the low-pressure, low-density atmospheric environment, the study investigates the underlying causes of parameter discrepancies. The study reveals that the time-domain parameters of the first return stroke at high altitudes exhibit significant prolongation, including rise time, half-peak width, and zero-crossing duration, which reflects the delayed breakdown of the discharge channel and altered charge neutralization mechanisms under low-pressure conditions. Moreover, the proportion of slow-front energy is markedly reduced, indicating that the rarefied atmosphere exerts stronger dissipation on the low-frequency components of the lightning waveform while better preserving the high-frequency energy concentrated near the peak. For subsequent return strokes, although the preexisting ionization channel reduces the probability of polarity conversion, parameters such as zero-crossing duration remain elevated, underscoring the sustained influence of the low-density atmosphere on electromagnetic field oscillations and charge dissipation processes. This study confirms the systematic influence of altitude on lightning electric field waveforms. These findings provide crucial theoretical foundations and data support for understanding lightning disaster mechanisms, optimizing lightning location technology and early warning systems, and designing lightning protection for transmission lines in high-altitude regions.
{"title":"Study on Waveform Characteristics of Natural Lightning Electric Field at 4000-m Altitude","authors":"Haoxi Cong;Min Tang;Zixin Guo;Yu Li;Getu Zhaori;Qingmin Li;Weidong Shi;Xia Zhao;Zhensheng Wu","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3624816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3624816","url":null,"abstract":"This article performs a systematic investigation into the waveform characteristics of natural lightning electric fields at 4000-m altitudes. Using measured data from Lhasa and Yangbajing observation stations in Tibet, the study conducts a detailed statistical analysis of time-domain parameters (e.g., rise time, half-peak width, and zero-crossing duration) for positive first return strokes, negative first return strokes, and negative subsequent return strokes. By integrating the physical characteristics of the low-pressure, low-density atmospheric environment, the study investigates the underlying causes of parameter discrepancies. The study reveals that the time-domain parameters of the first return stroke at high altitudes exhibit significant prolongation, including rise time, half-peak width, and zero-crossing duration, which reflects the delayed breakdown of the discharge channel and altered charge neutralization mechanisms under low-pressure conditions. Moreover, the proportion of slow-front energy is markedly reduced, indicating that the rarefied atmosphere exerts stronger dissipation on the low-frequency components of the lightning waveform while better preserving the high-frequency energy concentrated near the peak. For subsequent return strokes, although the preexisting ionization channel reduces the probability of polarity conversion, parameters such as zero-crossing duration remain elevated, underscoring the sustained influence of the low-density atmosphere on electromagnetic field oscillations and charge dissipation processes. This study confirms the systematic influence of altitude on lightning electric field waveforms. These findings provide crucial theoretical foundations and data support for understanding lightning disaster mechanisms, optimizing lightning location technology and early warning systems, and designing lightning protection for transmission lines in high-altitude regions.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 12","pages":"3943-3955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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