Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3617350
Xuwen Liang;Wei Zhong;Yuanjie Shi;Ao Xu;Xiang Wan
Electrode erosion is an inevitable mass loss and morphology modification behavior of electrode materials under the action of arc plasma, which is one of the main factors that restricts the reliability and long-term operation efficiency of high-power pulsed devices. The interaction between arc and material plays a key role, especially in the adjacent zone of the electrodes. This work established a numerical model of diffused arc erosion in an atmosphere spark channel and tried to understand how arc plasma results in crater formation and mass loss of electrode material. The model mainly included metal vapor, electron, and background gas, which applied energy flux, pressure on anode, and ion, thermo-field electron are involved at the cathode surface. The electrode material experienced heating, melting, expanding, and finally formed an erosion crater or melting pool. In a diffused spark arc with peak current of 1 kA, current density, energy flux, and pressure at the electrode surface rise sharply in the initial 100 ns, with peak reaching 1E9 A/m2, 1E11 W/m2, and −10 MPa. And subsequently, they all descend quickly and oscillate with the spark current. The results show that the gas ion bombardment plays a dominant role in electrode erosion of atmosphere spark, instead of that played by thermo-field electron in vacuum arc. In two oscillating periods of spark current (about $4~mu $ s), the peak surface electric field at Mo and Cu electrodes could reach 1.1E9 and 1.5E9 V/m, which are slightly below that in the vacuum arc spot. Despite the obvious difference between Mo and Cu material characteristics, the peak temperature that could reach in the atmosphere spark arc is proximate, about 3100 K, far beyond the melting point. Evolution of the melting pool on Mo and Cu electrodes is discussed and crater characteristics are analyzed and confirm the erosion morphology with previous experimental results.
{"title":"Understanding and Modeling of Metal Electrode Erosion in Atmosphere Spark Channel","authors":"Xuwen Liang;Wei Zhong;Yuanjie Shi;Ao Xu;Xiang Wan","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3617350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3617350","url":null,"abstract":"Electrode erosion is an inevitable mass loss and morphology modification behavior of electrode materials under the action of arc plasma, which is one of the main factors that restricts the reliability and long-term operation efficiency of high-power pulsed devices. The interaction between arc and material plays a key role, especially in the adjacent zone of the electrodes. This work established a numerical model of diffused arc erosion in an atmosphere spark channel and tried to understand how arc plasma results in crater formation and mass loss of electrode material. The model mainly included metal vapor, electron, and background gas, which applied energy flux, pressure on anode, and ion, thermo-field electron are involved at the cathode surface. The electrode material experienced heating, melting, expanding, and finally formed an erosion crater or melting pool. In a diffused spark arc with peak current of 1 kA, current density, energy flux, and pressure at the electrode surface rise sharply in the initial 100 ns, with peak reaching 1E9 A/m<sup>2</sup>, 1E11 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and −10 MPa. And subsequently, they all descend quickly and oscillate with the spark current. The results show that the gas ion bombardment plays a dominant role in electrode erosion of atmosphere spark, instead of that played by thermo-field electron in vacuum arc. In two oscillating periods of spark current (about <inline-formula> <tex-math>$4~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>s), the peak surface electric field at Mo and Cu electrodes could reach 1.1E9 and 1.5E9 V/m, which are slightly below that in the vacuum arc spot. Despite the obvious difference between Mo and Cu material characteristics, the peak temperature that could reach in the atmosphere spark arc is proximate, about 3100 K, far beyond the melting point. Evolution of the melting pool on Mo and Cu electrodes is discussed and crater characteristics are analyzed and confirm the erosion morphology with previous experimental results.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3625-3632"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3615231
Ankit Dhaka;Pintu Bandyopadhyay;P. V. Subhash;Abhijit Sen
The development and commissioning of a new capacitively coupled dusty plasma experimental (CCDPx) device is reported. The plasma discharge of argon gas is produced using a dual-channel radio frequency source. The dusty plasma is produced by the introduction of monodispersive microspheres of melamine formaldehyde in the discharge. The characterization of the plasma is performed using an RF-compensated Langmuir probe. The device features an innovative lower electrode that is capable of creating a variety of potential wells to trap the dust particles in 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D equilibrium configurations. Importantly, the transverse confinement of the particles can be controlled in real time in a continuous and dynamic manner to observe transitions from a 1-D chain to 2-D and 3-D structures. This design feature provides a unique and powerful ability to explore new areas of dusty plasma research related to phase transitions and structural transitions. A detailed description of the design features, diagnostic facilities, and operational characteristics are provided. Preliminary experimental findings of dusty plasmas of differing dimensionalities are presented, and the potential for exploiting the device’s unique facilities for future research is discussed.
{"title":"Capacitively Coupled Dusty Plasma Experimental (CCDPx) Device: A Machine for Studying Multidimensional Complex Plasmas","authors":"Ankit Dhaka;Pintu Bandyopadhyay;P. V. Subhash;Abhijit Sen","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615231","url":null,"abstract":"The development and commissioning of a new capacitively coupled dusty plasma experimental (CCDPx) device is reported. The plasma discharge of argon gas is produced using a dual-channel radio frequency source. The dusty plasma is produced by the introduction of monodispersive microspheres of melamine formaldehyde in the discharge. The characterization of the plasma is performed using an RF-compensated Langmuir probe. The device features an innovative lower electrode that is capable of creating a variety of potential wells to trap the dust particles in 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D equilibrium configurations. Importantly, the transverse confinement of the particles can be controlled in real time in a continuous and dynamic manner to observe transitions from a 1-D chain to 2-D and 3-D structures. This design feature provides a unique and powerful ability to explore new areas of dusty plasma research related to phase transitions and structural transitions. A detailed description of the design features, diagnostic facilities, and operational characteristics are provided. Preliminary experimental findings of dusty plasmas of differing dimensionalities are presented, and the potential for exploiting the device’s unique facilities for future research is discussed.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3524-3535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830
{"title":"Special Issue on the 40th PSSI National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3616830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3229-3229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3616746","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"3228-3228"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614
{"title":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science Special Issue on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3617614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"2860-2860"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616
{"title":"Special Issue on the 40th PSSI National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3617616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 10","pages":"2861-2861"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145290262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A circuit method for a pulsed power generator has been proposed and tested. It is based on hybrid energy storage (HES), which is a combination of capacitive energy storage (CES) and inductive energy storage (IES). By properly adjusting the energy ratio between the capacitor and the inductor, the circuit allows flexible control of the output impedance, while preventing harmful circuit response to unexpected load impedance variation. In addition, it allows energy recovery from the inductor after the output pulse. The proposed circuit has been intended as a module for more complicated pulsed power systems. For this reason, output voltage adding has been demonstrated using five stages.
{"title":"Pulsed Power Circuit Using Hybrid Energy Storage With Controllable Output Impedance","authors":"Xijie Wang;Taichi Sugai;Akira Tokuchi;Weihua Jiang","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615951","url":null,"abstract":"A circuit method for a pulsed power generator has been proposed and tested. It is based on hybrid energy storage (HES), which is a combination of capacitive energy storage (CES) and inductive energy storage (IES). By properly adjusting the energy ratio between the capacitor and the inductor, the circuit allows flexible control of the output impedance, while preventing harmful circuit response to unexpected load impedance variation. In addition, it allows energy recovery from the inductor after the output pulse. The proposed circuit has been intended as a module for more complicated pulsed power systems. For this reason, output voltage adding has been demonstrated using five stages.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3468-3475"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612
Num Prasad Acharya;Suresh Basnet;Amar Prasad Misra;Raju Khanal
We study the characteristics of small-amplitude nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in active magnetized positive-ion-beam-driven dusty plasmas with the effects of nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. In the model, we consider the ion-neutral collision and thereby consider the collision-enhanced ion current to the dust-charging process and dust charge fluctuations. We show that the streaming of the positive-ion beam significantly affects the dust-charging process in which the dust charge number decreases (increases) with an increased beam velocity (number density). Using the standard reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we derive the evolution equations in the form of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations for DIA solitary waves for two different cases: nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. We study the effect of positive ion beam, dust charge variation, magnetic field, ion creation, and ion-neutral collision-enhanced current on the wave characteristics. We find that the soliton energy decays with time and is affected by the beam velocity. Also, the solitary waves get damped by the effects of ion creation, ion loss, ion-neutral collision-enhanced current, and dust charge variation. Although the ion beam does not change the polarity of solitary waves in the case of adiabatic dust charge variation, a transition from rarefactive to compressive solitary waves occurs in the presence of an ion beam with nonadiabatic dust charge variation.
{"title":"Dust-Ion-Acoustic Solitons in an Ion-Beam-Driven Dusty Magnetoplasma With Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Dust Charge Variations","authors":"Num Prasad Acharya;Suresh Basnet;Amar Prasad Misra;Raju Khanal","doi":"10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2025.3615612","url":null,"abstract":"We study the characteristics of small-amplitude nonlinear dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in active magnetized positive-ion-beam-driven dusty plasmas with the effects of nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. In the model, we consider the ion-neutral collision and thereby consider the collision-enhanced ion current to the dust-charging process and dust charge fluctuations. We show that the streaming of the positive-ion beam significantly affects the dust-charging process in which the dust charge number decreases (increases) with an increased beam velocity (number density). Using the standard reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we derive the evolution equations in the form of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations for DIA solitary waves for two different cases: nonadiabatic and adiabatic dust charge variations. We study the effect of positive ion beam, dust charge variation, magnetic field, ion creation, and ion-neutral collision-enhanced current on the wave characteristics. We find that the soliton energy decays with time and is affected by the beam velocity. Also, the solitary waves get damped by the effects of ion creation, ion loss, ion-neutral collision-enhanced current, and dust charge variation. Although the ion beam does not change the polarity of solitary waves in the case of adiabatic dust charge variation, a transition from rarefactive to compressive solitary waves occurs in the presence of an ion beam with nonadiabatic dust charge variation.","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"53 11","pages":"3509-3523"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145493311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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