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Spectral Properties and High Brilliance Features of Two-Frequency Step Tapered Asymmetric Undulator Radiation 双频阶梯锥形非对称Undulator辐射的光谱特性和高亮度特征
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3452930
G. Mishra;Rohit Kamle
The theory of two frequency step tapered undulator radiation is developed with the help of generalized Bessel functions using an analytical transparent technique. In the approach, the radiation of a single electron on axis from the step sections of one-frequency and two-frequency undulator is derived as a sum of fields from the individual sections. It is shown that the radiation from the step sections superposes coherently and emits as proportional to the square of the number of step sections. This allows the undulator to behave as a high brilliance synchrotron radiation source. The analysis provides a simplest procedure to estimate the field taper in the tapered gap undulator.
在广义贝塞尔函数的帮助下,利用透明分析技术发展了双频阶梯锥形起伏器辐射理论。在该方法中,单个电子在轴上的辐射从单频和双频振荡器的阶梯部分推导为来自各个部分的场的总和。结果表明,阶跃段的辐射会相干叠加,并与阶跃段数量的平方成正比。这使得起伏器可以表现为一个高亮度同步辐射源。该分析提供了一个最简单的程序来估算锥形间隙起振器的场锥度。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Cathode Coil on the Commissioning of 42-GHz Gyrotron for ECRH System in SST-1 and Aditya-U 阴极线圈对用于 SST-1 和 Aditya-U ECRH 系统的 42-GHz 陀螺仪调试的影响
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2024.3423345
Braj Kishore Shukla, Jatin Patel, Harshida Patel, K. G. Parmar, Hardik Mistry, Dharmesh Purohit, Paresh Patel, Artyom Kuzmin, Andrey Mazunin, Elena Soluyanova, Evgeny Tai
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of Armature Melting Wear Rate Based on Contact Surface Heat Distribution 根据接触面热量分布计算电枢熔化磨损率
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3406713
Anxin Guo;Xiangyu Du;Xuezhi Wang;Shaowei Liu
Wear between the armature and the rail directly affects the state of armature–rail contact, which in turn affects the service life and launching efficiency of the electromagnetic rail launcher. In order to investigate the armature melting wear law during the launching process, a heat distribution model on the contact surface of the armature–rail is proposed, and a transient calculation model of armature wear is derived; to solve the model, the excitation current, inductance gradient, and contact resistance of the launcher were calculated and further analyzed with respect to the kinematic characteristics of the armature chamber. On this basis, the change rule of armature melting wear rate and the influencing factors are studied, and the derived calculation model is verified by using the experimental method. The results of this study show that the trend of armature wear rate can be broadly classified into a rapidly increasing phase, a sharply decreasing phase, and a smooth phase, with the maximum wear rate reaching about 0.008; the coefficient of friction, rail material, and rail structure all have an effect on the magnitude of the armature wear rate, but do not affect the trend of the armature wear rate; the experimentally verified armature wear volume differs from the theoretically calculated wear volume by only 3.65%. The model and analysis results established in this article are of great significance for optimizing the armature structure, improving the armature–rail contact performance, and ensuring the launching safety.
电枢与导轨之间的磨损直接影响电枢与导轨的接触状态,进而影响电磁轨道发射器的使用寿命和发射效率。为了研究发射过程中衔铁熔化磨损的规律,提出了衔铁与导轨接触面的热分布模型,并推导出衔铁磨损的瞬态计算模型;为了求解该模型,计算了发射装置的励磁电流、电感梯度和接触电阻,并结合衔铁室的运动特性作了进一步分析。在此基础上,研究了电枢熔化磨损率的变化规律和影响因素,并通过实验方法验证了推导出的计算模型。研究结果表明,电枢磨损率的变化趋势大致可分为快速上升阶段、急剧下降阶段和平稳阶段,最大磨损率约为 0.008;摩擦系数、轨道材料和轨道结构均对电枢磨损率的大小有影响,但不影响电枢磨损率的变化趋势;实验验证的电枢磨损量与理论计算的磨损量仅相差 3.65%。本文建立的模型和分析结果对优化电枢结构、改善电枢与导轨接触性能、确保发射安全具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Assessment of Low-Pressure Plasma Interference-Switch Performance in MW-Class Microwave Pulse Compressor MW 级微波脉冲压缩器中低压等离子体干扰开关性能的实验评估
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3445718
Vasilios A. Tantanis;Stylianos P. Savaidis;Zisis C. Ioannidis;Dimitra I. Kaklamani;Nikolaos K. Uzunoglu
A gas discharge tube (GDT) switch operating in a MW-class microwave pulse compression (MPC) system is experimentally studied. The examined GDT operates at low-pressure conditions with constant gas intake. The experimental campaign aims to evaluate the influence of the GDT design and operational parameters on the MPC performance. The evaluated design parameters concern the GDT size and the gas flow direction, whereas the operational parameters the GDT gas pressure and flow rate at different MPC drive power and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) conditions. Experimental results show that under optimal selection of the design parameter values and a dynamic adjustment of the operational parameters, an optimal MPC performance is achieved. Under such optimal setup, the MPC system driven by 10 kW source achieves a MW-class output power level performance up to a PRF of 500 Hz.
实验研究了在兆瓦级微波脉冲压缩(MPC)系统中运行的气体放电管(GDT)开关。所研究的气体放电管在低压条件下以恒定的气体吸入量运行。实验活动旨在评估 GDT 设计和运行参数对 MPC 性能的影响。评估的设计参数涉及 GDT 的尺寸和气体流动方向,而运行参数则涉及不同 MPC 驱动功率和脉冲重复频率(PRF)条件下的 GDT 气体压力和流量。实验结果表明,在优化选择设计参数值和动态调整运行参数的情况下,可实现最佳的 MPC 性能。在这种最佳设置下,由 10 kW 源驱动的 MPC 系统可在 PRF 为 500 Hz 时达到兆瓦级输出功率水平。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis on the Propagation Characteristics of Terahertz Signals in Blunt-Coned and Sharp-Coned Vehicle in Different Sizes 太赫兹信号在不同尺寸的钝锥形和锐锥形车辆中的传播特性分析
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3451064
Pingsheng Liu;Ziyang Zhao;Kai Yuan;Zhikang Chu;Rongxin Tang
In the recent decade, Terahertz (THz) communication has been recognized as one of the possible paths to solve the communication blackout for reentry vehicles. Previous studies have mainly focused on the plasma structure and Terahertz signal propagation mechanisms of vehicle of the same model. However, actual vehicle comes in various sizes, necessitating further research into the relationship between different-sized vehicle and Terahertz signal transmission characteristics. This study takes typical RAM-C blunt-coned and pointed-coned vehicles as objects to analyze the impact of vehicle size changes on plasma sheath parameters. The propagation characteristics of Terahertz signals in plasma sheaths of different sizes were studied using the scattering matrix method (SMM) method. The analysis conclusion indicates that as the size of blunt-coned and sharp-coned vehicles increases, the thickness of the plasma sheath layer also increases, resulting in more severe attenuation of Terahertz signals. Increasing the size of the vehicle enhances electron collision frequency, while the fluctuation in maximum electron density increases with the size of blunt-coned vehicle and decreases with the size of sharp-coned vehicle. In the Terahertz signal transmission characteristics, blunt-coned vehicles are mainly affected by signal absorption, while sharp-coned cone vehicles are affected by both reflection and absorption. Reducing the size of the vehicle and the thickness of the plasma sheath layer can mitigate Terahertz signal attenuation.
近十年来,太赫兹(THz)通信已被认为是解决再入飞行器通信中断问题的可能途径之一。以往的研究主要集中于同一模型飞行器的等离子体结构和太赫兹信号传播机制。然而,实际飞行器有多种尺寸,因此有必要进一步研究不同尺寸飞行器与太赫兹信号传输特性之间的关系。本研究以典型的 RAM-C 钝锥和尖锥飞行器为研究对象,分析飞行器尺寸变化对等离子体鞘参数的影响。利用散射矩阵法(SMM)研究了太赫兹信号在不同尺寸等离子体鞘中的传播特性。分析结论表明,随着钝锥形和尖锥形飞行器尺寸的增大,等离子体鞘层的厚度也随之增大,从而导致太赫兹信号的衰减更加严重。载流子尺寸的增大会提高电子碰撞频率,而最大电子密度的波动会随钝锥载流子尺寸的增大而增大,随锐锥载流子尺寸的增大而减小。在太赫兹信号传输特性方面,钝锥载体主要受信号吸收的影响,而尖锥载体则同时受反射和吸收的影响。减小飞行器的尺寸和等离子体鞘层的厚度可以减轻太赫兹信号衰减。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Study of In- and Post-Plasma Catalysis Configurations for Ammonia Synthesis: Effect of Temperature 氨合成中等离子体内和后等离子体催化配置的比较研究:温度的影响
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3450849
Kelin Li;She Chen;Hang Guo;Mengbo Li;Lipeng Zhong;Qiuqin Sun;Feng Wang
As an important chemical, ammonia plays an important role in human life and society. Nevertheless, there is a substantial release of CO2 for the traditional industrial ammonia synthesis process. Plasma catalysis can activate gas molecules and lower activation energy, making it a promising avenue for this reaction. The current study reveals that ammonia decomposition within the plasma discharge region significantly limits ammonia production for in-plasma catalysis (IPC) configuration. On the other hand, for post-plasma catalysis (PPC) configuration, the densities of reactive species will decrease when migrating to the downstream catalyst region, which is unfavorable for plasma catalytic ammonia synthesis. Therefore, the performances of ammonia synthesis under different plasma catalytic configurations have been investigated with the catalyst of Ni/Al2O3. In experiments with a N2:H2 flow rate ratio of 3:1, the ammonia concentration under PPC configuration was $224.53~mu $ mol/h, while the synthesis rate under IPC configuration reached $592.30~mu $ mol/h. This indicates that the catalyst located in the discharge zone accelerates ammonia synthesis under ambient temperature. Furthermore, ammonia synthesis experiments were conducted under IPC and PPC configurations at different temperatures. Experimental results show higher ammonia concentrations with IPC configuration at temperatures below 200 °C. Beyond 200 °C, the ammonia concentrations between the two configurations become closer. Finally, the ammonia synthesis reaction mechanisms under IPC and PPC configurations are analyzed, which help to clarify the difference in ammonia synthesis performance under IPC and PPC configurations.
作为一种重要的化学物质,氨在人类生活和社会中发挥着重要作用。然而,传统的工业合成氨工艺会释放大量二氧化碳。等离子体催化可激活气体分子并降低活化能,因此是该反应的一个很有前景的途径。目前的研究表明,等离子体放电区域内的氨分解极大地限制了等离子体内催化(IPC)配置的氨生产。另一方面,在等离子体后催化(PPC)配置中,活性物种迁移到下游催化剂区域时密度会降低,这对等离子体催化合成氨不利。因此,以 Ni/Al2O3 为催化剂,研究了不同等离子催化构型下氨合成的性能。在 N2:H2 流量比为 3:1 的实验中,PPC 配置下的氨气浓度为 224.53~mu $ mol/h,而 IPC 配置下的合成率达到 592.30~mu $ mol/h。这表明,在常温下,位于卸料区的催化剂加快了氨的合成。此外,还在不同温度下进行了 IPC 和 PPC 配置下的氨合成实验。实验结果表明,在温度低于 200 °C 时,IPC 配置的氨气浓度较高。超过 200 ℃ 时,两种构型的氨气浓度更加接近。最后,分析了 IPC 和 PPC 配置下的氨合成反应机理,有助于阐明 IPC 和 PPC 配置下氨合成性能的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Cost-Effective Microwave Assisted ECR Heating Using Combination of Quasi-Locked Low-Power Magnetrons on GLAST-III 在 GLAST-III 上使用准锁定低功率磁控管组合进行经济高效的微波辅助 ECR 加热
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3443132
Shahab Ud-Din Khan;Muhammad Faizan Tahir;Zia Ur Rehman;Riaz Khan;Ahmad Ali;Muhammad Abdullah;Sehrish Shakir;Ayesha Alam;Shahzaib Zahid
Glass spherical tokamak-III (GLAST-III) is a small spherical tokamak ( $R =20$ cm, $a =10$ cm, and $A =2$ ) developed at Pakistan Tokamak Plasma Research Institute (PTPRI). To assist the plasma discharge and generate considerable plasma current in GLAST-III, high-power microwave sources can indeed play an important role in noninductive startups of plasma discharges such as electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH). A power-enhanced pulsed microwave source (2.45 GHz and 1.6 kW) has previously been developed and tested at PTPRI. However, higher powers are required to increase the generated charge density for effective pre-ionization. Therefore, a microwave pre-ionization source (up to 20 kW at 2.45 GHz) is installed on GLAST-III to reduce the high-loop voltage requirement during the plasma start-up. ECRH has been effectively utilized for this purpose. In this article, an economical high-power microwave source is fabricated by coupling low-power magnetrons in a waveguide. We employed Walton multiplier circuits for the first time to operate two magnetrons coupled for power addition. The coupling of two magnetrons due to constructive interference is demonstrated successfully during continuous as well as pulsed operation. The scheme can be made more effective in future studies by injection locking of magnetrons. These innovative low-cost schemes can play a pivotal role in carrying out microwave studies on spherical tokamaks such as GLAST-III.
玻璃球形托卡马克-III(GLAST-III)是巴基斯坦托卡马克等离子体研究所(PTPRI)研制的小型球形托卡马克(R = 20$ cm,a = 10$ cm,A = 2$)。为了帮助等离子体放电并在GLAST-III中产生可观的等离子体电流,高功率微波源确实可以在等离子体放电的非感应启动(如电子回旋共振加热(ECRH))中发挥重要作用。此前,PTPRI 已经开发并测试了功率增强型脉冲微波源(2.45 GHz 和 1.6 kW)。然而,需要更高的功率来提高产生的电荷密度,以实现有效的预电离。因此,在GLAST-III上安装了一个微波预电离源(2.45 GHz时功率可达20 kW),以降低等离子体启动时的高回路电压要求。为此,ECRH 得到了有效利用。本文通过在波导中耦合低功率磁控管来制造经济型高功率微波源。我们首次采用了沃尔顿乘法器电路来操作两个磁控管耦合以增加功率。在连续和脉冲操作过程中,我们成功地演示了两个磁控管因建设性干扰而产生的耦合。在未来的研究中,还可以通过注入锁定磁控管使该方案更加有效。这些创新的低成本方案可在对球形托卡马克(如 GLAST-III)进行微波研究时发挥关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Research on an X-Band Magnetron Fed by Solid and Split Cathodes 固体和分离阴极馈电的 X$ 波段磁控管实验研究
IF 1.3 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2024.3450928
Oleg Belozerov;Gennadii D. Liziakin;J. G. Leopold;Andrey D. Andreev;Y. Hadas;E. Magid;Edl Schamiloglu;Yakov E. Krasik
A relativistic magnetron (RM) with diffraction output, modified from the original Kovalev, Fuks X-band magnetron (MDO) presented more than 50 years ago, has been designed and studied experimentally using pulse generators with voltage amplitudes $le 300$ kV and pulse duration $le 200$ ns. X-band magnetrons are naturally small devices, and for high voltages, microwave pulse shortening occurs because of cathode explosive emission plasma expansion. A split cathode can potentially solve this problem, but in this research, the MDO with split cathode experienced pulse shortening as well. It is suggested based on preliminary results of simulations using the MAGIC particle-in-cell (PIC) code that the reason for this is that this magnetron needs optimization by simulations that were not available originally.
我们设计了一种具有衍射输出的相对论磁控管(RM),它是在 50 多年前提出的原始科瓦廖夫、福克斯 X 波段磁控管(MDO)的基础上改进而来的,并使用电压幅度为 300 千伏、脉冲持续时间为 200 毫微秒的脉冲发生器进行了实验研究。X 波段磁控管是天然的小型设备,对于高电压,由于阴极爆炸发射等离子体膨胀,微波脉冲会缩短。分离式阴极有可能解决这个问题,但在这项研究中,采用分离式阴极的 MDO 也出现了脉冲缩短现象。根据使用 MAGIC particle-in-cell (PIC) 代码进行模拟的初步结果表明,出现这种情况的原因是这种磁控管需要通过模拟进行优化,而模拟原本是不可用的。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Shock Formation Parameters With Drive Conditions in Magnetically Accelerated Plasma Flows 磁加速等离子体流中冲击形成参数与驱动条件的研究
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2024.3442748
Simon C. Bott-Suzuki, Maria Pia Valdivia, Jacob T. Banasek, Samuel W. Cordaro, Ann Truong, Hanyu Hu, Chin-Chou Wu, Noah Dilworth, B. R. Kusse, D. A. Hammer, Eric Sander Lavine, W. M. Potter, J. B. Greenly, Felipe Veloso
{"title":"Study of Shock Formation Parameters With Drive Conditions in Magnetically Accelerated Plasma Flows","authors":"Simon C. Bott-Suzuki, Maria Pia Valdivia, Jacob T. Banasek, Samuel W. Cordaro, Ann Truong, Hanyu Hu, Chin-Chou Wu, Noah Dilworth, B. R. Kusse, D. A. Hammer, Eric Sander Lavine, W. M. Potter, J. B. Greenly, Felipe Veloso","doi":"10.1109/tps.2024.3442748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2024.3442748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Helical Striations and Magnetic Flux Compression in an Axially Premagnetized Gas-Puff $z$-Pinch Imploding Onto a Dense Central Target 轴向预磁化气泡z$-Pinch内爆到致密中心靶上的螺旋条纹和磁通量压缩
IF 1.5 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1109/tps.2024.3435720
Joe M. Chen, George V. Dowhan, Brendan J. Sporer, David A. Yager-Elorriaga, Nicholas M. Jordan, Ryan D. McBride
{"title":"Helical Striations and Magnetic Flux Compression in an Axially Premagnetized Gas-Puff $z$-Pinch Imploding Onto a Dense Central Target","authors":"Joe M. Chen, George V. Dowhan, Brendan J. Sporer, David A. Yager-Elorriaga, Nicholas M. Jordan, Ryan D. McBride","doi":"10.1109/tps.2024.3435720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2024.3435720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":450,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142175256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
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