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Titian's Bacchus and his two loves 提香的《巴克斯和他的两个爱人
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12936
Fern Luskin
Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne represents not only Bacchus' attraction to Ariadne, as has long been recognized, but also his infatuation with a boy‐satyr, Ampelos, who struts at the centre of the composition. The little satyr's identity, recognized in the seventeenth century, but overlooked by modern scholars, is confirmed by newly revealed pentimenti. Titian was probably the first to embed this homoerotic love story in a painting depicting the Bacchus and Ariadne myth. The textual impetus for Titian's inclusion of the Ampelos myth was Nonnos' Dionysiaca. Guided by Nonnos' text, Titian alludes not only to Bacchus' love for Ampelos, but to the boy's transformation into a grapevine. His metamorphosis prompted Bacchus' discovery of wine, which precipitated his identity as the god of wine, hence his prominent position in the painting. Titian's portrayal of Bacchus' overwhelming ardour for the negligently dressed Ariadne, along with his former dalliance with the engaging, rosy‐cheeked boy‐satyr Ampelos, was never meant to represent celestial or marital love as has been claimed. Such an ennobling interpretation is disproved through an analysis of contemporary descriptions of the picture and its ancient literary sources.
提香的《巴克斯与阿里阿德涅》不仅表现了巴克斯对阿里阿德涅的吸引(这一点早已得到公认),还表现了他对一个男童萨提尔--安佩洛斯的迷恋,安佩洛斯昂首阔步地走在作品的中心。这个小萨提尔的身份在 17 世纪就已得到确认,但却被现代学者所忽视,而新发现的五连音则证实了这一点。提香可能是第一个在描绘巴克斯和阿里阿德涅神话的画作中嵌入这一同性爱情故事的人。诺诺斯(Nonnos)的《狄俄尼西亚卡》(Dionysiaca)是提香将安佩洛斯神话融入画作的文本动力。在诺诺斯文本的指引下,提香不仅暗示了巴克斯对安佩洛斯的爱,还暗示了男孩变成葡萄藤的过程。他的蜕变促使巴克斯发现了葡萄酒,从而萌生了他作为酒神的身份,因此他在画中占据了重要位置。提香描绘的巴克斯对衣衫不整的阿里阿德涅的狂热,以及他之前与迷人的、面色红润的男孩萨提尔-安佩洛斯的暧昧关系,绝非像人们所说的那样是为了表现天人之恋或婚姻之爱。通过对这幅画的当代描述及其古代文学来源的分析,我们推翻了这种令人陶醉的解释。
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引用次数: 0
‘Who is afraid of fairenesse or wanton ladies appearing in their barenesse?’: laughing at female desire in early modern English reception of the myth of the Trojan War☆ 谁会惧怕赤身裸体的女性或放荡不羁的淑女?":早期现代英国人接受特洛伊战争神话时对女性欲望的嘲笑☆。
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12948
Evgeniia Ganberg
In early modern England, as part of a broader interrogation of exemplarity, full‐scale works on the Trojan War often subjected the myth's heroes to humorous scrutiny, whereas the heroines remained surprisingly untouched by comedy. Testifying to the war's calamities already in antiquity, in the early modern period, the myth's women acquired a further link to destruction: their sexuality was believed to ‘undo’ men. Embodying different types of suffering, the heroines came to be regarded as inherently tragic. Read against this context, one aspect of William Shakespeare's and Thomas Heywood's interventions into the myth appears remarkably defiant. Pursuing divergent aims – in Troilus and Cressida Shakespeare explores the annihilating power of laughter irrespective of gender, in Oenone and Paris and The Iron Age Heywood specifically sets out to rehabilitate female characters – both authors temporarily turn the heroines into objects of comedy. However, if Shakespeare creates a Troy in which mockery is universal, Heywood does not. Thus, although both maintain that laughter against the myth's heroines ultimately backfires, turning those laughing into comic figures, Heywood, by having the women never resort to mockery, makes them seem more sympathetic, even tragic, whereas their Shakespearean counterparts laugh and suffer laughter's consequences alongside men.
在近代早期的英国,作为对典范性进行更广泛审视的一部分,关于特洛伊战争的大型作品经常对神话中的英雄进行幽默的审视,而女英雄却出人意料地没有受到喜剧的影响。特洛伊战争的灾难早在古代就已显现,到了现代早期,神话中的女性又与毁灭联系在一起:她们的性能力被认为会 "毁灭 "男人。女英雄们体现了不同类型的苦难,因此被视为固有的悲剧。在这种背景下解读,威廉-莎士比亚和托马斯-海伍德对神话的干预有一个方面显得非常违和。莎士比亚在《特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达》中探讨了不分性别的笑声所具有的毁灭力量,而海伍德在《奥埃诺涅与帕里斯》和《铁器时代》中则特别致力于恢复女性角色的形象,这两位作家追求的目标各不相同,都是暂时将女主人公变成喜剧的对象。然而,如果说莎士比亚创造了一个普遍存在嘲讽的《特洛伊》,那么海伍德则没有。因此,尽管两人都认为对神话中的女主人公的嘲笑最终会适得其反,将嘲笑者变成喜剧人物,但海伍德让女性从不诉诸嘲笑,使她们看起来更值得同情,甚至具有悲剧性,而莎士比亚笔下的女性则与男性一起嘲笑并承受嘲笑的后果。
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引用次数: 0
James R.Wehn, Art of Enteprise: Israhel van Meckenem's 15th‐Century Print Workshop, exh. cat. Madison: The Chazen Museum of Art, December 18, 2023–March 24, 2024. James R.Wehn, Art of Enteprise: Israhel van Meckenem's 15-Century Print Workshop, exh. cat.麦迪逊:麦迪逊:查森艺术博物馆,2023 年 12 月 18 日至 2024 年 3 月 24 日。
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12949
Nadine M. Orenstein
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引用次数: 0
Contextualizing Lorenzo Morelli's Youthful Patronage (1463–1473)☆ 洛伦佐-莫雷利年轻时的赞助活动(1463-1473 年)的来龙去脉☆。
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12945
Hugh Hudson
A ledger of the Florentine apprentice silk merchant and rising bureaucrat, Lorenzo Morelli (1446–1528), is notable for its references to distinguished artworks and furniture he commissioned from a young age. Study of the ledger, now housed in the Archivio di Stato di Firenze and catalogued as Gherardi Piccolomini d'Aragona 137, has for the most part focused on the immediate circumstances in which the few surviving artworks were commissioned, or more broadly, but imprecisely, the extent to which his marriage and the dowry it brought, influenced his patronage. However, study of the ledger has not extended much beyond Morelli's marriage arrangements or exploited biographical information in his contemporary libro rosso (red book) ledger. Nor have studies engaged extensively with the substantial body of published research on the Morelli family and their political careers and social networks. Doing so provides a more holistic view of Morelli's youthful patronage, greater insight into how his personal, social and financial motivations for patronage were interrelated and gives rise to a new hypothesis about the intended destination for an early group of commissions whose purpose was not recorded by Morelli.
佛罗伦萨丝绸商人学徒兼新兴官僚洛伦佐-莫雷利(Lorenzo Morelli,1446-1528 年)的一本账簿因提到他从年轻时就委托制作的杰出艺术品和家具而引人注目。对这本现存于佛罗伦萨国家档案馆(Archivio di Stato di Firenze)、编目为 Gherardi Piccolomini d'Aragona 137 的账簿的研究主要集中在为数不多的现存艺术品是在怎样的直接环境下委托制作的,或者更广泛但不精确地说是他的婚姻及其带来的嫁妆在多大程度上影响了他的赞助。然而,对账簿的研究并没有超出莫雷利婚姻安排的范围,也没有利用他同时代的 libro rosso(红皮书)账簿中的传记信息。有关莫雷利家族及其政治生涯和社会网络的大量研究成果也没有被广泛使用。这样做可以更全面地了解莫雷利年轻时的赞助活动,更深入地了解他的个人、社会和经济赞助动机是如何相互关联的,并对莫雷利没有记录的早期一批委托的预期目的地提出了新的假设。
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引用次数: 0
John Shirwood and the reading of Plutarch's Lives in late fifteenth‐century England☆ 约翰-舍伍德与十五世纪末英国对普鲁塔克《生平》的解读☆。
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12942
Matthew Day
In the fifteenth century, Plutarch's Lives were popular among humanists for their moral and historical content. They circulated widely in humanist Latin translations in manuscript and later in print. This article examines the reading of printed copies of these translations in late fifteenth‐century England. It focuses on John Shirwood (d. 1493), Bishop of Durham, an avid English reader of humanist books. The article suggests that Shirwood's annotations to Plutarch should be interpreted as evidence of humanist reading in a recreational context. While modern studies on the history of reading classical texts have often emphasised Renaissance readers' structured, methodical approaches of annotation, Shirwood's copy of Plutarch's Lives reveals a clerk at leisure, enjoying humanist books outside of formal academic study. The article goes on to compare Shirwood's annotations of Plutarch's Lives with those of two other late fifteenth‐century English humanists: the similarly eclectic historical annotations of the bishop John Russell (d. 1494); and, as a counterpoint, the more structured moral and linguistic interests of the grammarian John Stanbridge (1463–1510). These three responses to the Latin translations of Plutarch's Lives thus indicate how educated individuals engaged with humanist texts at different levels of rigour, from methodical academic study to recreational enjoyment.
15 世纪,普鲁塔克的《生平》因其道德和历史内容而受到人文主义者的欢迎。这些作品以人文主义拉丁语译本的手稿和后来的印刷品形式广泛流传。本文探讨了 15 世纪晚期英国对这些译本印刷本的阅读情况。文章以英国达勒姆主教约翰-舍伍德(卒于 1493 年)为中心,他是人文主义书籍的狂热读者。文章认为,希尔伍德对普鲁塔克的注释应被解释为人文主义在娱乐背景下阅读的证据。有关古典文献阅读史的现代研究通常强调文艺复兴时期读者有条理、有方法的注释方法,而舍伍德的《普鲁塔克生平》副本则揭示了一位文员在正式学术研究之外享受人文主义书籍的闲暇时光。文章还将白尔伍德对《普鲁塔克生平》的注释与 15 世纪晚期另外两位英国人文学者的注释进行了比较:约翰-拉塞尔主教(卒于 1494 年)的历史注释同样兼收并蓄;作为对立面,语法学家约翰-斯坦布里奇(1463-1510 年)的道德和语言兴趣则更加条理清晰。因此,这三种对《普鲁塔克生平》拉丁文译本的回应表明了受过教育的人是如何以不同的严谨程度(从有条不紊的学术研究到休闲娱乐)参与人文主义文本的。
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引用次数: 0
Webster's anti‐antimasque in The Duchess of Malfi 韦伯斯特在《马尔菲公爵夫人》中的反antimasque
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12944
Gabriel Lonsberry
The masque of madmen in John Webster's The Duchess of Malfi probably originated as an antimasque in Thomas Campion's The Lords' Masque, staged at court in February 1613 to celebrate the wedding of Princess Elizabeth Stuart. In recent years, Elizabeth's brother, Henry, had used masques and other forms of courtly display to make himself the face of a dissenting militant Protestant movement in England. And, following his death in November 1612, devastated supporters like Webster transferred their hopes to Elizabeth, whose marriage to a Protestant prince seemed to preserve the possibilities of reform at home and religious intervention abroad. However, the pacifist King James commissioned The Lords' Masque to extinguish such hopes, defining the marriage's significance as conciliatory rather than confessional and reestablishing his sole authority over the court stage Henry had tried to usurp. Thus, Webster's use of Campion's antimasque is deeply ironic, allowing him to criticize the King's suppression and censorship of his son's cause, and to lament both the bastardization of Henry's memory and the uncertain future of the movement he had represented. Moreover, reading the masque of madmen alongside Webster's elegy for the Prince, A Monumental Column, highlights Webster's deepening pessimism across this period.
约翰-韦伯斯特(John Webster)的《马尔菲公爵夫人》(The Duchess of Malfi)中的狂人假面舞会可能起源于托马斯-坎皮恩(Thomas Campion)的《上议院假面舞会》(The Lords' Masque)中的反假面舞会,该剧于 1613 年 2 月在宫廷上演,以庆祝伊丽莎白-斯图亚特公主(Princess Elizabeth Stuart)的婚礼。近年来,伊丽莎白的弟弟亨利曾利用假面舞会和其他宫廷表演形式使自己成为英国持不同政见的激进新教运动的代言人。亨利于1612年11月去世后,韦伯斯特等一蹶不振的支持者将希望转移到了伊丽莎白身上,因为伊丽莎白与新教王子的婚姻似乎保留了在国内进行改革和在国外进行宗教干预的可能性。然而,和平主义者詹姆士国王委托创作的《上议院面具》却让这种希望破灭了,他将这场婚姻的意义定义为和解而非忏悔,并重新确立了他在亨利曾试图篡夺的宫廷舞台上的唯一权威。因此,韦伯斯特使用坎皮恩的 "反假面舞会 "是极具讽刺意味的,这让他得以批评国王对其子事业的压制和审查,并对亨利的记忆被篡改以及他所代表的运动前途未卜表示哀叹。此外,在阅读韦伯斯特为王子创作的挽歌《纪念柱》的同时阅读《狂人假面舞会》,可以突出韦伯斯特在这一时期不断加深的悲观情绪。
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引用次数: 0
Nourishing Catholic souls in post‐Tridentine miracle narratives 在后圣迹叙事中滋养天主教徒的灵魂
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12943
Joshua Rushton
The period of Catholic reform witnessed the proliferation of printed works that narrated historical and contemporary miracles for the edification of a vernacular readership. This article examines the role of printed miracle narratives in stimulating interior Catholic devotional life through close examination of three Italian vernacular collections printed in Italy between 1587 and 1597. Previous studies have focused on miracle stories where the resolution or prevention of earthly suffering in the forms of illness, miscarriages of justice, or accidents was the main event. Such narratives were designed to shape their readers' understanding of the culture of the miraculous and its relevance for their lives. This article takes a different approach to the role of the miraculous in early modern Catholicism by bringing narratives that had spiritual rather than physical outcomes to the centre of study. By bringing into focus the diversity of narratives compiled in miracle collections, it argues that stories also provided readers with opportunities to examine and tend to the state of their interior religious lives. This article offers a fresh perspective on the messages that early modern Catholics received about the value of the miraculous for their lives.
天主教改革时期,大量印刷品涌现,这些作品讲述了历史和当代的奇迹,以启发白话读者。本文通过仔细研究 1587 年至 1597 年间在意大利印刷的三本意大利语作品集,探讨了印刷品中的奇迹叙事在激发天主教内部虔诚生活中的作用。以往的研究侧重于以解决或预防疾病、司法不公或意外事故等形式的人间痛苦为主要事件的奇迹故事。此类叙事旨在塑造读者对奇迹文化及其与生活相关性的理解。本文采用不同的方法来研究奇迹在早期现代天主教中的作用,将具有精神而非物质结果的叙述作为研究的中心。通过关注奇迹集中编撰的各种叙述,文章认为这些故事也为读者提供了审视和关注其内在宗教生活状态的机会。这篇文章为我们提供了一个全新的视角,让我们了解早期现代天主教徒所接受的关于奇迹对其生活的价值的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Clothing the female life. Self‐fashioning and memory making at the Malatesta network of women between the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries 女性生活的服装。十四至十五世纪马拉泰斯塔妇女网络的自我塑造和记忆制造
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12933
Elisa Tosi Brandi
This article discusses the relationship between women and their garments by examining written, visual, and material sources about dress drawn from the historical records of the Malatesta family. The objective of this research is to understand whether women of this House had any degree of autonomy regarding the garments that they chose to ‘self‐fashion’ their identity, and whether they were aware of the multiple meanings the clothing held beyond economic, political, and social status, in addition to their cultural and symbolic values. Indeed, these last two factors rendered these objects into powerful and immediate transmitters of expression and communication that surpassed the conventions of their time, as will be shown in this analysis that includes secular and religious clothing. From two different perspectives, that of the clothing of nobility as emblems of luxury, in line with the conventions of the time, and that of the clothing of religious orders as emblems of abstention perceived as unconventional when the abstention was radical, this article aim to discuss the strong relationship between women and clothing and the diverse ways adopted by women to identify themselves and their radius of action, to reinforce their social networks and their authority.
本文通过研究马拉泰斯塔家族历史记录中有关服饰的文字、视觉和物质资料,讨论了女性与服饰之间的关系。这项研究的目的是了解该家族的女性在选择服装来 "自我塑造 "身份时是否有一定程度的自主权,以及她们是否意识到服装除了具有文化和象征价值外,还具有超越经济、政治和社会地位的多重意义。事实上,后两个因素使这些物品成为表达和交流的强大而直接的传播者,超越了他们那个时代的传统,这一点将在包括世俗和宗教服饰的分析中得到证明。本文从两个不同的角度,即贵族服饰作为奢华的象征符合当时的习俗,而宗教教派的服饰作为禁欲的象征在禁欲激进时被认为是非常规的,旨在讨论妇女与服饰之间的密切关系,以及妇女为确定自己的身份和行动半径、加强其社会网络和权威而采取的各种方式。
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引用次数: 0
Juan de Pareja: Afro‐Hispanic Painter in the Age of Velázquez (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 3 April–16 July 2023.) Catalogue edited by DavidPullins and Vanessa K.Valdés, with essays by Luis Méndez Rodriguez and Erin Kathleen Roe. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023, 176 pp, 89 colour and b&w illustrations, $50, ISBN: 9781588397560. 胡安-德-帕雷哈:目录由 DavidPullins 和 Vanessa K.Valdés 编辑,Luis Méndez Rodriguez 和 Erin Kathleen Roe 撰文。纽约:大都会艺术博物馆,2023 年,176 页,89 幅彩色和黑白插图,50 美元,国际标准书号:9781588397560。
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12932
Suzanne Karr Schmidt
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引用次数: 0
The work of style 风格作品
IF 0.2 3区 历史学 0 MEDIEVAL & RENAISSANCE STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/rest.12931
Matthew P. Harrison
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引用次数: 0
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Renaissance Studies
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