Pub Date : 2018-07-12DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0100-1
Gunes A. Asik
{"title":"Overlooked benefits of consumer credit growth: impact on formal employment","authors":"Gunes A. Asik","doi":"10.1186/S40173-018-0100-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-018-0100-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-018-0100-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47172080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0006
C. Piton, F. Rycx
Abstract This paper provides robust estimates of the impact of both product and labor market regulations on unemployment using data from 24 European countries over the period 1998–2013. Controlling for country fixed effects, endogeneity, and a large set of covariates, results show that product market deregulation overall reduces the unemployment rate. This finding is robust across all specifications and in line with theoretical predictions. However, not all types of reforms have the same effect: deregulation of state controls and in particular involvement in business operations tend to push up the unemployment rate. Labor market deregulation, proxied by the employment protection legislation index, is detrimental to unemployment in the short run, while a positive impact (i.e., a reduction in the unemployment rate) occurs only in the long run. Analysis by sub-indicators shows that reducing protection against collective dismissals helps in reducing the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate equation is also estimated for different categories of workers. Although men and women are equally affected by product and labor market deregulations, workers distinguished by age and educational attainment are affected differently. In terms of employment protection, young workers are almost twice as strongly affected as older workers. Regarding product market deregulation, highly educated individuals are less impacted than low- and middle-educated workers.
{"title":"Unemployment Impact of Product and Labor Market Regulation: Evidence from European Countries","authors":"C. Piton, F. Rycx","doi":"10.2478/izajolp-2019-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper provides robust estimates of the impact of both product and labor market regulations on unemployment using data from 24 European countries over the period 1998–2013. Controlling for country fixed effects, endogeneity, and a large set of covariates, results show that product market deregulation overall reduces the unemployment rate. This finding is robust across all specifications and in line with theoretical predictions. However, not all types of reforms have the same effect: deregulation of state controls and in particular involvement in business operations tend to push up the unemployment rate. Labor market deregulation, proxied by the employment protection legislation index, is detrimental to unemployment in the short run, while a positive impact (i.e., a reduction in the unemployment rate) occurs only in the long run. Analysis by sub-indicators shows that reducing protection against collective dismissals helps in reducing the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate equation is also estimated for different categories of workers. Although men and women are equally affected by product and labor market deregulations, workers distinguished by age and educational attainment are affected differently. In terms of employment protection, young workers are almost twice as strongly affected as older workers. Regarding product market deregulation, highly educated individuals are less impacted than low- and middle-educated workers.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47062606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.2478/izajolp-2019-0005
Francesc Ortega, Ryan D. Edwards, Amy Hsin
Abstract This study quantifies the economic effects of two major immigration policies aimed at legalizing undocumented individuals that entered the United States as children and completed high school: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and the DREAM Act. The former offers only temporary legal status to eligible individuals, whereas the latter provides a track to legal permanent residence. Our analysis is based on a general equilibrium model that allows for shifts in participation between work, college, and non-employment. The model is calibrated to account for productivity differences across workers of different skills and documentation status, and a rich pattern of complementarities across different types of workers. We estimate that DACA increased gross domestic product (GDP) by almost 0.02% (about $3.5 billion), or $7,454 per legalized worker. Passing the DREAM Act would increase GDP by around 0.08% (or $15.2 billion), which amounts to an average of $15,371 for each legalized worker. The larger effects of the DREAM Act stem from the expected larger take-up and the increased incentive to attend college among DREAMers with a high school degree. We also find substantial wage increases for individuals obtaining legal status, particularly those that increase their educational attainment. Because of the small size of the DREAMer population, and their skill distribution, legalization entails negligible effects on the wages of US-born workers.
{"title":"The Economic Effects of Providing Legal Status to DREAMers","authors":"Francesc Ortega, Ryan D. Edwards, Amy Hsin","doi":"10.2478/izajolp-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/izajolp-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study quantifies the economic effects of two major immigration policies aimed at legalizing undocumented individuals that entered the United States as children and completed high school: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and the DREAM Act. The former offers only temporary legal status to eligible individuals, whereas the latter provides a track to legal permanent residence. Our analysis is based on a general equilibrium model that allows for shifts in participation between work, college, and non-employment. The model is calibrated to account for productivity differences across workers of different skills and documentation status, and a rich pattern of complementarities across different types of workers. We estimate that DACA increased gross domestic product (GDP) by almost 0.02% (about $3.5 billion), or $7,454 per legalized worker. Passing the DREAM Act would increase GDP by around 0.08% (or $15.2 billion), which amounts to an average of $15,371 for each legalized worker. The larger effects of the DREAM Act stem from the expected larger take-up and the increased incentive to attend college among DREAMers with a high school degree. We also find substantial wage increases for individuals obtaining legal status, particularly those that increase their educational attainment. Because of the small size of the DREAMer population, and their skill distribution, legalization entails negligible effects on the wages of US-born workers.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Babecký, C. Berson, Ludmila Fadejeva, Ana E. Lamo, Petra Marotzke, F. Martins, P. Strzelecki
This paper provides evidence on the role of non-base wage components as a channel for firms to adjust labour costs in the event of adverse shocks. It uses data from a firm-level survey for 25 European countries that covers the period 2010–2013. We find that firms subject to nominal wage rigidities, which prevent them from adjusting base wages, are more likely to cut non-base wage components when they are hit by negative shocks. Firms thus use non-base wage components as a strategic margin to overcome base wage rigidity. We also show that while non-base wage components exhibit some degree of downward rigidity this is smaller than that observed for base wages.
{"title":"Non-base wage components as a source of wage adaptability to shocks: evidence from European firms, 2010–2013","authors":"Jan Babecký, C. Berson, Ludmila Fadejeva, Ana E. Lamo, Petra Marotzke, F. Martins, P. Strzelecki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3183873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3183873","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides evidence on the role of non-base wage components as a channel for firms to adjust labour costs in the event of adverse shocks. It uses data from a firm-level survey for 25 European countries that covers the period 2010–2013. We find that firms subject to nominal wage rigidities, which prevent them from adjusting base wages, are more likely to cut non-base wage components when they are hit by negative shocks. Firms thus use non-base wage components as a strategic margin to overcome base wage rigidity. We also show that while non-base wage components exhibit some degree of downward rigidity this is smaller than that observed for base wages.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48011360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0098-4
Maria Marimpi, P. Koning
{"title":"Youth minimum wages and youth employment","authors":"Maria Marimpi, P. Koning","doi":"10.1186/S40173-018-0098-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-018-0098-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-018-0098-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-08DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0097-5
V. Escudero
{"title":"Are active labour market policies effective in activating and integrating low-skilled individuals? An international comparison","authors":"V. Escudero","doi":"10.1186/S40173-018-0097-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-018-0097-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-018-0097-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43167141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our paper analyses the observed and desired labour supply by older workers and (recent) retirees in a country (Italy) with limited opportunities for flexible work schedules. To this purpose, we use a dataset drawn from the Bank of Italy’s Survey on Household Income and Wealth providing information on desired and actual working hours. Our empirical analysis documents the gap between older individuals’ desired and observed labour supply at both the extensive and the intensive margins and traces it back to gender, education and family composition. The paper provides useful insights into the potential usefulness of policies such as gradual retirement and part-time work in increasing older workers’ employment.
{"title":"Retirement rigidities and the gap between effective and desired labour supply by older workers","authors":"Serena Trucchi, E. Fornero, M. Rossi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3141797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3141797","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper analyses the observed and desired labour supply by older workers and (recent) retirees in a country (Italy) with limited opportunities for flexible work schedules. To this purpose, we use a dataset drawn from the Bank of Italy’s Survey on Household Income and Wealth providing information on desired and actual working hours. Our empirical analysis documents the gap between older individuals’ desired and observed labour supply at both the extensive and the intensive margins and traces it back to gender, education and family composition. The paper provides useful insights into the potential usefulness of policies such as gradual retirement and part-time work in increasing older workers’ employment.","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41447721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-21DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0096-6
A. Garnero
{"title":"The dog that barks doesn’t bite: coverage and compliance of sectoral minimum wages in Italy","authors":"A. Garnero","doi":"10.1186/S40173-018-0096-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-018-0096-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-018-0096-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47817678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-10DOI: 10.1186/S40173-018-0104-X
Katalin Bodnár, Ludmila Fadejeva, S. Iordache, Liina Malk, Desislava Paskaleva, Jurga Pesliakaitė, Nataša Todorović Jemec, Peter Tóth, R. Wyszyński
{"title":"How do firms adjust to rises in the minimum wage? Survey evidence from Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"Katalin Bodnár, Ludmila Fadejeva, S. Iordache, Liina Malk, Desislava Paskaleva, Jurga Pesliakaitė, Nataša Todorović Jemec, Peter Tóth, R. Wyszyński","doi":"10.1186/S40173-018-0104-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-018-0104-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-018-0104-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65841240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-28DOI: 10.1186/S40173-017-0094-0
Joost Bollens, Bart Cockx
{"title":"Effectiveness of a job vacancy referral scheme","authors":"Joost Bollens, Bart Cockx","doi":"10.1186/S40173-017-0094-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/S40173-017-0094-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45367,"journal":{"name":"IZA Journal of Labor Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/S40173-017-0094-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45015442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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