SUMMARY:The article reconstructs the complex process of colonial knowledge production about the Kazakh steppe from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century and its nonlinear evolution. The authors identify several categories of "people in the know" who served as sources of information about the steppe society and Central Asian khanates for the Russian authorities. The complex vision of colonial knowledge production outlined in the article problematizes simple binaries between "local" and "metropole" knowledge or between imperial experts and colonial informants. Of people in the know, one type was employed by the regional administration in Orenburg. Military officers, civil officials, translators, and interpreters systematically collected geographical, economic, and political information, processed it, and submitted it to St. Petersburg. In their capacity as collectors and aggregators of information, they relied on the second category of knowledge producers – Tatar mullahs or scribes serving Kazakh sultans, as well as merchants crossing the steppe with caravans. Together, they formed networks of agents that systematically fulfilled information requests from the imperial officials. The third category of informants often did not even realize they were informants. Ordinary Kazakhs, such as caravan guides and camel drivers, were hired by Russian imperial or Kazakh officials for practical purposes, but the performance of their direct duties inevitably entailed shared knowledge about natural and social conditions on the ground.
{"title":"\"О киргиз-кайсацких и других заграничных обстоятельствах видел и слышал\": информаторы Российской империи в Казахской степи (вторая половина XVIII – 60-е годы XIX bb.)","authors":"Гулмира Султангалиева, Айнура Суйнова","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0061","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:The article reconstructs the complex process of colonial knowledge production about the Kazakh steppe from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century and its nonlinear evolution. The authors identify several categories of \"people in the know\" who served as sources of information about the steppe society and Central Asian khanates for the Russian authorities. The complex vision of colonial knowledge production outlined in the article problematizes simple binaries between \"local\" and \"metropole\" knowledge or between imperial experts and colonial informants. Of people in the know, one type was employed by the regional administration in Orenburg. Military officers, civil officials, translators, and interpreters systematically collected geographical, economic, and political information, processed it, and submitted it to St. Petersburg. In their capacity as collectors and aggregators of information, they relied on the second category of knowledge producers – Tatar mullahs or scribes serving Kazakh sultans, as well as merchants crossing the steppe with caravans. Together, they formed networks of agents that systematically fulfilled information requests from the imperial officials. The third category of informants often did not even realize they were informants. Ordinary Kazakhs, such as caravan guides and camel drivers, were hired by Russian imperial or Kazakh officials for practical purposes, but the performance of their direct duties inevitably entailed shared knowledge about natural and social conditions on the ground.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84029620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY:The article studies the treatment of the Karaites by the Nazi occupiers in Ukraine, particularly in Kharkiv. It describes a paradoxical situation when an ethnoconfessional group could enter into negotiations with the Nazis regarding its fate, and a political decision regarding this matter made at the highest level was not communicated down the line by the notorious "German bureaucracy." Massacred in some locations along with Jews, in other places, or in other periods of time, the Karaites were granted the same rights as local gentile populations, so that Jews sought to procure certificates of their "Karaite" origins as a way to legalize themselves. Karaite community leaders composed memos for the Nazi authorities with references to studies by prerevolutionary Russian physical anthropologists who argued that Karaites were "racially different" from the Jews, as well as to the imperial practice of legal nondiscrimination against Karaites. These memos were accepted by the Nazis and spared Karaites' lives, but when the highest Nazi administrative organs followed the same logic in establishing the Karaites' non-Jewish status, it did not stop Einsatzgruppen from eliminating Karaites in multiple locations across Ukraine, including Kharkiv. The case of the Karaites offers a more nuanced view of modern population classification in the region and the limits to the effectiveness of a modern – Nazi – state.
{"title":"Оккупация, категоризация населения и избирательность геноцида: случай караимов Харькова (1941–1943 гг.)","authors":"Юрий Степанович Радченко","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0063","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:The article studies the treatment of the Karaites by the Nazi occupiers in Ukraine, particularly in Kharkiv. It describes a paradoxical situation when an ethnoconfessional group could enter into negotiations with the Nazis regarding its fate, and a political decision regarding this matter made at the highest level was not communicated down the line by the notorious \"German bureaucracy.\" Massacred in some locations along with Jews, in other places, or in other periods of time, the Karaites were granted the same rights as local gentile populations, so that Jews sought to procure certificates of their \"Karaite\" origins as a way to legalize themselves. Karaite community leaders composed memos for the Nazi authorities with references to studies by prerevolutionary Russian physical anthropologists who argued that Karaites were \"racially different\" from the Jews, as well as to the imperial practice of legal nondiscrimination against Karaites. These memos were accepted by the Nazis and spared Karaites' lives, but when the highest Nazi administrative organs followed the same logic in establishing the Karaites' non-Jewish status, it did not stop Einsatzgruppen from eliminating Karaites in multiple locations across Ukraine, including Kharkiv. The case of the Karaites offers a more nuanced view of modern population classification in the region and the limits to the effectiveness of a modern – Nazi – state.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83661421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan Layton is an established author in the field of Russian studies. Her research deals with nineteenthcentury Russian literature, cultural dimensions of empire-building, tourism, and travel writing. The book under review sums up the topics and ideas previously presented in a series of articles and her 1994 book, Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoy, still considered a standard monograph on the topic.1 The experience of traveling to nearby cities, remote parts of the country, and cultural centers abroad is reflected in many literary texts. The book explores the connection between travel narratives and imperial discourse in Russian literature while offering a gallery of portraits of prominent writers from Karamzin
{"title":"Contested Russian Tourism: Cosmopolitanism, Nation, and Empire in the Nineteenth Century by Susan Layton (review)","authors":"N. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0073","url":null,"abstract":"Susan Layton is an established author in the field of Russian studies. Her research deals with nineteenthcentury Russian literature, cultural dimensions of empire-building, tourism, and travel writing. The book under review sums up the topics and ideas previously presented in a series of articles and her 1994 book, Russian Literature and Empire: Conquest of the Caucasus from Pushkin to Tolstoy, still considered a standard monograph on the topic.1 The experience of traveling to nearby cities, remote parts of the country, and cultural centers abroad is reflected in many literary texts. The book explores the connection between travel narratives and imperial discourse in Russian literature while offering a gallery of portraits of prominent writers from Karamzin","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88395251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Три статьи в рубрике “История” настоящего номера Ab Imperio (“Государство империи и нации: есть ли разница?”) прочерчивают траекторию трансформации сопряженности власти и знания на протяжении двух столетий, с 1750-х по 1940-е годы. Они показывают, что субъект производства знания напрямую коррелирует с политической системой и одновременно определяет ее характер. От монархии и империи национальное государство отличают не столько политические институты сами по себе, сколько преобладающий в обществе модус социальной агентности (автономного мышления и действия), воплощенный в общепризнанных социальных идентичностях. Гульмира Султангалиева и Айнура Суйнова реконструируют сложный процесс производства знания о Казахской степи и его нелинейную эволюцию с середины XVIII по середину XIX века. Авторы выделяют несколько категорий “знающих людей”, служивших российским властям источниками информации о степном обществе и среднеазиатских ханствах. Предлагаемая в статье интерпретация производства колониального знания проблематизирует простые бинарные оппозиции между знанием “местным” и “центральным” (знанием метрополии), или имперскими экспертами и колониальными информантами. Первая “В ГЛАЗАХ СМОТРЯЩЕГО”:
{"title":"\"В глазах смотрящего\": национально-государственная перспектива как политика идентичности","authors":"От Редакции","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0059","url":null,"abstract":"Три статьи в рубрике “История” настоящего номера Ab Imperio (“Государство империи и нации: есть ли разница?”) прочерчивают траекторию трансформации сопряженности власти и знания на протяжении двух столетий, с 1750-х по 1940-е годы. Они показывают, что субъект производства знания напрямую коррелирует с политической системой и одновременно определяет ее характер. От монархии и империи национальное государство отличают не столько политические институты сами по себе, сколько преобладающий в обществе модус социальной агентности (автономного мышления и действия), воплощенный в общепризнанных социальных идентичностях. Гульмира Султангалиева и Айнура Суйнова реконструируют сложный процесс производства знания о Казахской степи и его нелинейную эволюцию с середины XVIII по середину XIX века. Авторы выделяют несколько категорий “знающих людей”, служивших российским властям источниками информации о степном обществе и среднеазиатских ханствах. Предлагаемая в статье интерпретация производства колониального знания проблематизирует простые бинарные оппозиции между знанием “местным” и “центральным” (знанием метрополии), или имперскими экспертами и колониальными информантами. Первая “В ГЛАЗАХ СМОТРЯЩЕГО”:","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84939363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Between Heaven and Russia: Religious Conversions and Political Apostasy in Appalachia by Sarah Riccardi-Swartz (review)","authors":"Андрей Ферт","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85146513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY:This is a contribution to a review forum dedicated to Mark Gamsa's book Harbin: A Cross-Cultural Biography (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Along with other forum participants, Laurie Manchester comments on various aspects of this double biography of the city and one of its inhabitants: Roger von Budberg, a Russian medical doctor of Baltic German descent, who embraced much of Chinese culture or at least the Chinese way of life.Резюме:Это эссе является частью рецензионного форума, посвященного книге Марка Гамзы "Харбин: кросс-культурная биография" (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Наряду с другими участниками форума, Лори Манчестер комментирует различные аспекты этой книги, представляющей собою двойную биографию: города и его обитателя, Роджера фон Будберга (Roger von Budberg) – российского врача, балтийского немца, который перенял китайскую культуру или, по крайней мере, образ жизни.
{"title":"On the Encounter between Chinese, Russians, and Rossiiane in Harbin before and after 1920","authors":"L. Manchester","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0068","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:This is a contribution to a review forum dedicated to Mark Gamsa's book Harbin: A Cross-Cultural Biography (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Along with other forum participants, Laurie Manchester comments on various aspects of this double biography of the city and one of its inhabitants: Roger von Budberg, a Russian medical doctor of Baltic German descent, who embraced much of Chinese culture or at least the Chinese way of life.Резюме:Это эссе является частью рецензионного форума, посвященного книге Марка Гамзы \"Харбин: кросс-культурная биография\" (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Наряду с другими участниками форума, Лори Манчестер комментирует различные аспекты этой книги, представляющей собою двойную биографию: города и его обитателя, Роджера фон Будберга (Roger von Budberg) – российского врача, балтийского немца, который перенял китайскую культуру или, по крайней мере, образ жизни.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87007649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Иван Грозный жив. Критерием отличия современности (present time) от истории считается завершенность, законченность исторического события, когда мы можем оценить его последствия. В этом смысле история Ивана Грозного не закончена. Она до сих пор злободневна и актуальна. И ладно бы ее просто переписывали: любое прошлое периодически подвергается радикальным ревизиям, и в этом смысл развития науки. Образ Ивана IV и его деяний вовлекается в практическую сферу современной политики (движение неоопричников, потрясения по поводу установки/сноса памятников монарху, разговоры о канонизации “Грозного царя”). На его примере наглядно подтверждается мысль о реполитизации истории, необходимости вернуть историческому знанию морально-практическое измерение в качестве magistra vitae.1 В этом контексте исследование Чарльза Гальперина предлагает реконструировать бытование образа Ивана Грозного в российской исторической памяти с 1991 года, то есть в постсоветский период. Книга очень широка и многообразна по охвату материала. Здесь
{"title":"Ivan the Terrible in Russian Historical Memory since 1991 by Charles J. Halperin (review)","authors":"Александр Филюшкин","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Иван Грозный жив. Критерием отличия современности (present time) от истории считается завершенность, законченность исторического события, когда мы можем оценить его последствия. В этом смысле история Ивана Грозного не закончена. Она до сих пор злободневна и актуальна. И ладно бы ее просто переписывали: любое прошлое периодически подвергается радикальным ревизиям, и в этом смысл развития науки. Образ Ивана IV и его деяний вовлекается в практическую сферу современной политики (движение неоопричников, потрясения по поводу установки/сноса памятников монарху, разговоры о канонизации “Грозного царя”). На его примере наглядно подтверждается мысль о реполитизации истории, необходимости вернуть историческому знанию морально-практическое измерение в качестве magistra vitae.1 В этом контексте исследование Чарльза Гальперина предлагает реконструировать бытование образа Ивана Грозного в российской исторической памяти с 1991 года, то есть в постсоветский период. Книга очень широка и многообразна по охвату материала. Здесь","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88216765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Life of Permafrost: A History of Frozen Earth in Russian and Soviet Science by Pey-Yi Chu (review)","authors":"A. Korobeinikov","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88031216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUMMARY:This is a contribution to a review forum dedicated to Mark Gamsa's book Harbin: A Cross-Cultural Biography (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Along with other forum participants, Kristin Stapleton comments on various aspects of this double biography of the city and one of its inhabitants: Roger von Budberg, a Russian medical doctor of Baltic German descent, who embraced much of Chinese culture or at least the Chinese way of life.Резюме:Это эссе является частью рецензионного форума, посвященного книге Марка Гамзы "Харбин: кросс-культурная биография" (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Наряду с другими участниками форума, Лори Манчестер комментирует различные аспекты этой книги, представляющей собою двойную биографию: города и его обитателя, Роджера фон Будберга (Roger von Budberg) – российского врача, балтийского немца, который перенял китайскую культуру или, по крайней мере, образ жизни.
{"title":"Child Brides, Queues, Oriental Wisdom, and Cross-Cultural Eccentricity","authors":"K. Stapleton","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0069","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY:This is a contribution to a review forum dedicated to Mark Gamsa's book Harbin: A Cross-Cultural Biography (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Along with other forum participants, Kristin Stapleton comments on various aspects of this double biography of the city and one of its inhabitants: Roger von Budberg, a Russian medical doctor of Baltic German descent, who embraced much of Chinese culture or at least the Chinese way of life.Резюме:Это эссе является частью рецензионного форума, посвященного книге Марка Гамзы \"Харбин: кросс-культурная биография\" (University of Toronto Press, 2021). Наряду с другими участниками форума, Лори Манчестер комментирует различные аспекты этой книги, представляющей собою двойную биографию: города и его обитателя, Роджера фон Будберга (Roger von Budberg) – российского врача, балтийского немца, который перенял китайскую культуру или, по крайней мере, образ жизни.","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79724680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le défi de l'indépendance: Arménie (1919–1920) by Rouben (review)","authors":"Алиса Шабловская","doi":"10.1353/imp.2022.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/imp.2022.0074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45377,"journal":{"name":"Ab Imperio-Studies of New Imperial History and Nationalism in the Post-Soviet Space","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72868784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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