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Humanising Text-to-Speech Through Emotional Expression in Online Courses 通过网络课程中的情感表达实现语篇转换的人性化
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-09-10 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.519
Garron Hillaire, Francisco Iniesto, B. Rienties
This paper outlines an innovative approach to evaluating the emotional content of three online courses using the affective computing approach of prosody detection on two different text-to-speech (TTS) voices in conjunction with human raters judging the emotional content of the text. This work intends to establish the potential variation on the emotional delivery of online educational resources through the use of a synthetic voice, which automatically articulates text into audio. Preliminary results from this pilot research suggest that about one out of every three sentences (35%) in a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) contained emotional text and two existing assistive technology voices had poor emotional alignment when reading this text. Synthetic voices were more likely to be overly negative when considering their expression as compared to the emotional content of the text they are reading, which was most frequently neutral. We also analysed a synthetic voice for which we configured the emotional expression to align with course text, which showed promising improvements.
本文概述了一种创新的方法来评估三门在线课程的情感内容,该方法使用对两种不同的TTS语音进行韵律检测的情感计算方法,并由评分人员判断文本的情感内容。这项工作旨在通过使用合成语音来建立在线教育资源情感传递的潜在变化,该语音将文本自动发音为音频。这项试点研究的初步结果表明,在大规模开放在线课程(MOOC)中,大约每三句话中就有一句(35%)包含情感文本,而两种现有的辅助技术声音在阅读文本时情绪一致性较差。与他们阅读的文本的情感内容相比,合成声音在考虑他们的表达时更有可能过于负面,而文本中的情感内容通常是中性的。我们还分析了一种合成语音,我们将其情感表达配置为与课程文本一致,这显示出了有希望的改进。
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引用次数: 9
Open Education and Learning Design: Open Pedagogy in Praxis 开放教育与学习设计:实践中的开放教育学
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-09-10 DOI: 10.5334/jime.512
Michael Paskevicius, V. Irvine
Beyond providing alternatives to traditional learning resources, there exists a gap in the literature in understanding how openness is impacting teaching and learning in higher education. This paper explores the ways in which educators describe how open education is impacting their pedagogical designs. Using a phenomenological approach with self-identifying open education practitioners, we explore how open educational practices (OEP) are being actualised in formal higher education in the context of British Columbia (BC), Canada. The findings suggest that OEP represent an emerging form of learning design, which draws from existing models of constructivist and networked pedagogy, while using the affordances of open tools and content to create and share learning in novel ways. Faculty members report finding ways to use open approaches and technologies to support and enable active learning experiences, present and share learners’ work in real-time, support formative feedback, peer review, and, ultimately, promote community-engaged coursework. By designing learning in this way, faculty members offer learners an opportunity to consider and practise developing themselves as public citizens, develop their knowledge and literacies for working appropriately with copyright and controlling access to their online contributions, while presenting options for extending some of those rights to others. Inviting learners to share their work more widely, demonstrates to them that their work has inherent value beyond the course and can be an opportunity for them to engage directly with their community.
除了提供传统学习资源的替代方案之外,在理解开放性如何影响高等教育的教与学方面,文献中存在空白。本文探讨了教育工作者描述开放教育如何影响他们的教学设计的方式。我们使用现象学方法与自我认同的开放教育从业者,探讨开放教育实践(OEP)是如何在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(BC)的背景下在正规高等教育中实现的。研究结果表明,开放式学习计划代表了一种新兴的学习设计形式,它借鉴了现有的建构主义和网络教学法模式,同时利用开放工具和内容的功能,以新颖的方式创造和分享学习。教师们报告说,他们找到了使用开放方法和技术来支持和实现主动学习体验的方法,实时呈现和分享学习者的工作,支持形成性反馈,同行评议,并最终促进社区参与的课程。通过以这种方式设计学习,教师们为学习者提供了一个机会,让他们考虑和实践将自己发展为公共公民,发展他们的知识和素养,以适当地处理版权问题,控制对他们在线贡献的访问,同时为将其中一些权利扩展到其他人提供了选择。邀请学习者更广泛地分享他们的工作,向他们展示他们的工作具有超越课程的内在价值,并且可以成为他们直接与社区接触的机会。
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引用次数: 27
Teachers’ Adoption of Open Educational Resources in Higher Education 高等教育教师对开放教育资源的利用
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-09-10 DOI: 10.5334/jime.510
Marjon Baas, W. Admiraal, E. Berg
Open Educational Resources (OER) have the potential to change the domain of higher education; however, adoption is still limited. As teachers are the pivotal actors to adopt OER, more insights are needed on their practices with OER and need of support. This exploratory study uses the OER Adoption Pyramid as a framework to analyse adoption of OER within a Dutch University of Applied Sciences. A questionnaire (n = 143) and semi-structured interviews with teachers who had some experience with sharing or using OER (n = 11) offered insights into the current state of affairs on adoption and need of support. The results revealed that informal sharing of resources within teachers’ personal networks happens frequently whereas the use of OER is more limited. If teachers use OER, they are mainly used ‘as-is’ or for a source of inspiration. Our findings indicate that the OER Adoption Pyramid does not properly describe the sequence of each layer within the context of this study. Availability must be lower in the pyramid as a prerequisite for teachers to explore their capacity and volition. Hence, the findings underline the need of support on subject-specific overviews of OER and the creation of national or institutional teacher communities. To improve our understanding, future research should focus on qualitative studies focusing on one case in which teachers engage with OER. This could lead to extensive insights on the factors and sequence of the OER Adoption Pyramid within different contexts.
开放教育资源(OER)具有改变高等教育领域的潜力;然而,采用仍然有限。由于教师是采用OER的关键角色,因此需要对他们使用OER的实践和对支持的需求有更多的了解。本探索性研究使用开放式教育资源采用金字塔作为框架来分析荷兰应用科学大学开放式教育资源的采用情况。问卷调查(n = 143)和对有分享或使用OER经验的教师的半结构化访谈(n = 11)提供了对采用OER和支持需求的现状的见解。结果表明,教师个人网络中的非正式资源共享现象频繁发生,而OER的使用则较为有限。如果教师使用OER,他们主要是“按原样”使用或作为灵感来源。我们的发现表明,在本研究的背景下,OER采用金字塔并没有恰当地描述每一层的顺序。可获得性必须处于金字塔的较低位置,这是教师探索其能力和意愿的先决条件。因此,调查结果强调需要支持对开放教育资源的具体学科概述和建立国家或机构教师社区。为了提高我们的理解,未来的研究应侧重于定性研究,重点关注教师参与OER的一个案例。这可能导致对不同背景下OER采用金字塔的因素和顺序的广泛见解。
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引用次数: 44
Designing a Rubric to Measure Elements of Transformative Learning in Online Learning: A Case Study of a FutureLearn MOOC 设计一个衡量在线学习中变革学习要素的标准:以FutureLearn MOOC为例
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-09-09 DOI: 10.5334/jime.506
N. Beer
This study evaluates a two-week MOOC delivered on FutureLearn as part of an MSc in Nursing accredited by Coventry University to establish whether learners are demonstrating transformative learning. Evaluation is in the form of a rubric which is designed using Mezirow’s theory of Transformative Learning as a theoretical framework, alongside the activity types used to inform design of FutureLearn courses. The literature review finds that there is a gap in the research in evaluating for-credit MOOCs against the intended educational aims of the accrediting institution. The rubric created for this research attempts to fill that gap, by providing a means to evaluate both student learning and learning design. The rubric identifies that the learners on this course are demonstrating elements of transformative learning at the lower levels of Mezirow’s seven stages of critical reflection. Although the rubric was designed with the aim of evaluating MOOCs, it can be applied to any online learning experience that includes student engagement, either written or spoken. The paper makes recommendations for future developments and further research.
这项研究评估了FutureLearn上为期两周的MOOC,作为考文垂大学认可的护理硕士课程的一部分,以确定学习者是否表现出了变革性学习。评估是以一个量规的形式进行的,该量规是使用Mezirow的转化学习理论作为理论框架设计的,同时还使用了用于为FutureLearn课程设计提供信息的活动类型。文献综述发现,在评估学分慕课与认证机构的预期教育目标方面存在差距。为这项研究创建的量规试图通过提供一种评估学生学习和学习设计的方法来填补这一空白。该准则确定,本课程的学习者在Mezirow批判性反思的七个阶段的较低水平上展示了变革性学习的要素。尽管该准则旨在评估MOOC,但它可以应用于任何在线学习体验,包括学生的书面或口头参与。本文对未来的发展和进一步的研究提出了建议。
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引用次数: 9
Book Reviews – 2019 书评-2019
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-08-16 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.542
Kimberly Safford, Francisco Iniesto, M. Stranach, S. Atkinson, P. Foley
The following publication contains book reviews of these titles: Ferster, B. (2016) Sage on the Screen: Education, Media and How We Learn. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 197 pages. ISBN 13: 978-1-4214-2126-1. Littlejohn, A and Hood, N. (2018) Reconceptualising Learning in the Digital Age: The [Un] democratising Potential of MOOCs. Singapore: Springer. 108 pages. ISBN: 978-981-10-8892-6, ISBN: 978-981-10-8893-3. Hodgkinson-Williams, C and Arinto, P.B. (eds.) (2017) Adoption and Impact of OER in the Global South. Cape Town and Ottawa: International Development Research Centre & Research on Open Educational Resources. 606 pages. ISBN: 9781928331483. Rankin, J.G. (2016) How to Make Data Work: a Guide for Educational Leaders. New York: Routledge. 226 pages. ISBN: 978-1-317-35338-6. Saba, F. and Shearer, R.L. (2018) Transactional Distance and Adaptive Learning, Planning for the Future of Higher Education. London: Routledge. 212 pages. ISBN: 978-1-138-30233-4, ISBN: 9780203731819.
以下出版物包含这些标题的书评:Ferster,B.(2016)《屏幕上的圣人:教育、媒体和我们如何学习》。巴尔的摩:约翰·霍普金斯大学出版社。197页。ISBN 13:978-1-4214-2126-1。Littlejohn,A和Hood,N.(2018)《数字时代学习的重新定义:慕课的民主化潜力》。新加坡:施普林格。108页。ISBN:978-981-10-8892-6,ISBN:9978-981-10-8873-3。Hodgkinson Williams,C和Arinto,P.B.(编辑)(2017)OER在全球南方的采用和影响。开普敦和渥太华:国际发展研究中心和开放教育资源研究。606页。ISBN:9781928331483。Rankin,J.G.(2016)《如何让数据发挥作用:教育领导者指南》。纽约:劳特利奇。226页。ISBN:978-1-317-35338-6。Saba,F.和Shearer,R.L.(2018)《交易性远程和适应性学习,高等教育的未来规划》。伦敦:劳特利奇。212页。ISBN:978-1-138-30233-4,ISBN:98203731819。
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引用次数: 0
How is Digitalisation Affecting the Flexibility and Openness of Higher Education Provision? Results of a Global Survey Using a New Conceptual Model 数字化如何影响高等教育的灵活性和开放性?使用新概念模型的全球调查结果
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-08-14 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.523
Dominic Orr, M. Weller, R. Farrow
The adoption of open, online, flexible and technology-enhanced modes of learning (in short: of OOFAT) differs by higher education institution, despite the general cries of revolution and disruption due to digitalisation. This paper presents a new conceptual model for framing difference in three key educational processes (content, delivery and recognition) related to the potential of digitalisation to make these processes more flexible and more open. It is based on the results of a global survey of 69 higher education providers. The findings reveal six distinct archetypes of technology-enhanced higher education which vary according to the extent to which digitalisation is harnessed for content, delivery and recognition, and suggest different institutional strategies of digital adoption. It is hoped that this contribution will support comparative analysis of digitalisation strategies and peer learning between institutions.
尽管数字化带来了革命和颠覆的普遍呼声,但开放、在线、灵活和技术增强的学习模式(简而言之:OOFAT)的采用因高等教育机构而异。本文提出了一个新的概念模型,用于界定与数字化潜力相关的三个关键教育过程(内容、交付和认可)的差异,以使这些过程更加灵活和开放。它基于对69家高等教育提供者的全球调查结果。研究结果揭示了技术增强高等教育的六个不同原型,这些原型因数字化在内容、交付和认可方面的利用程度而异,并提出了不同的数字化采用制度策略。希望这一贡献将支持对数字化战略和机构间同行学习的比较分析。
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引用次数: 28
Embedding and Sustaining Inclusive Practice to Support Disabled Students in Online and Blended Learning 嵌入和持续包容性实践,支持残疾学生在线和混合学习
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.500
V. Pearson, K. Lister, E. McPherson, A. Gallen, Gareth J. Davies, C. Colwell, Kate Bradshaw, N. Braithwaite, T. Collins
UK higher education data has shown persistent differences in degree outcomes for specific student groups. Consequently, the Office for Students (the UK government’s higher education regulator) are funding 17 projects to address these inequalities. Building on its expertise, our institution is leading the IncSTEM project alongside colleagues from two other universities, to evaluate, scale up and promote inclusive teaching and learning practice within Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in higher education. There are challenges with inclusive distance learning, many of which are emphasised in STEM through the prevalence of practical and field activities, the widespread use of groupwork, and the use of text that is rich in symbolic notation. Online and blended learning approaches, including access to digital learning resources, bring opportunities for more inclusive practice, but can also lead to unforeseen and unquantified barriers for students. Integrating an inclusive approach to teaching and learning requires universities to embed and sustain practices that consider the diverse needs of students throughout curriculum design and delivery, bringing benefits to all students. In this paper, we present data on staff perceptions and practices regarding accessibility and inclusion for disabled students, explore examples of inclusive practice, and discuss how these can be applied by practitioners in order to create a higher education environment in which students of all backgrounds and characteristics are able to succeed.
英国高等教育数据显示,特定学生群体的学位成绩存在持续差异。因此,学生办公室(英国政府的高等教育监管机构)正在资助17个项目来解决这些不平等问题。在其专业知识的基础上,我们的机构正在与其他两所大学的同事一起领导IncSTEM项目,以评估、扩大和促进高等教育中科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)学科的包容性教学实践。包容性远程学习存在挑战,STEM通过实践和实地活动的普及、小组工作的广泛使用以及富含符号符号的文本的使用,强调了其中的许多挑战。在线和混合学习方法,包括获得数字学习资源,为更具包容性的实践带来了机会,但也可能给学生带来无法预见和无法量化的障碍。整合包容性的教学方法需要大学在整个课程设计和实施过程中嵌入并保持考虑学生不同需求的做法,为所有学生带来好处。在本文中,我们提供了员工对残疾学生无障碍和包容性的看法和实践的数据,探讨了包容性实践的例子,并讨论了从业者如何应用这些方法,以创造一个高等教育环境,让各种背景和特点的学生都能取得成功。
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引用次数: 17
Embracing Dropouts in MOOCs: Exploring Potentials of Invisible Learners 在mooc中接纳辍学者:探索隐形学习者的潜力
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.498
Christian Dalsgaard, Tom Gislev
The objective of the paper is to examine how and what the non-completing participants of MOOCs learn. In this paper we term them invisible learners. The paper presents a qualitative study of learning activities and outcomes of invisible learners. The study consists of 11 interviews with MOOC participants and a survey answered by 51 participants. The results of the study show that invisible learners learn by 1) reading and watching, 2) following and being part of, 3) networking, 4) reflecting and 5) applying. Further, the study shows that the learning outcomes of the invisible learners can be described as 1) inspiration, 2) update, and 3) input for practice. Invisible learners show signs of self-governance by choosing what is relevant to them, and initiating their own learning activities in relation to their own practice. The paper concludes that there are educational potentials of the activities of invisible learners. The study shows that the course format may not be suitable for invisible learners that do not wish to do assignments and follow specific learning objectives. Rather, the educational potential is to provide invisible learners with relevant input to their own practices. To accommodate invisible learners, the challenge is to design courses that provide input and inspiration to learners’ own practices without prescribing what they will learn.
本文的目的是考察未完成MOOC的参与者是如何学习以及学习什么的。在本文中,我们称他们为隐形学习者。本文对隐形学习者的学习活动和学习结果进行了定性研究。该研究包括对MOOC参与者的11次访谈和对51名参与者的调查。研究结果表明,隐形学习者通过1)阅读和观看,2)跟随并参与,3)建立网络,4)反思和5)应用来学习。此外,研究表明,隐形学习者的学习结果可以描述为1)灵感、2)更新和3)实践输入。隐形学习者通过选择与他们相关的东西,并根据自己的实践发起自己的学习活动,表现出自我治理的迹象。本文认为,隐形学习者的活动具有教育潜力。研究表明,这种课程形式可能不适合那些不想做作业和遵循特定学习目标的隐形学习者。相反,教育潜力是为隐形学习者提供他们自己实践的相关投入。为了适应隐形学习者,挑战在于设计课程,为学习者自己的实践提供投入和灵感,而不规定他们将学习什么。
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引用次数: 5
The Pursuit of Patterns in Educational Data Mining as a Threat to Student Privacy 教育数据挖掘中的模式追求是对学生隐私的威胁
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-27 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.502
Kyriaki H. Kyritsi, Vassilios Zorkadis, E. C. Stavropoulos, Vassilios S. Verykios
Recent technological advances have led to tremendous capacities for collecting, storing and analyzing data being created at an ever-increasing speed from diverse sources. Academic institutions which offer open and distance learning programs, such as the Hellenic Open University, can benefit from big data relating to its students’ information and communication systems and the use of modern techniques and tools of big data analytics provided that the student’s right to privacy is not compromised. The balance between data mining and maintaining privacy can be reached through anonymisation methods but on the other hand this approach raises technical problems such as the loss of a certain amount of information found in the original data. Considering the learning process as a framework of interacting roles and factors, the discovery of patterns in that system can be really useful and beneficial firstly for the learners and furthermore, the ability to publish and share these results would be very helpful for the whole academic institution.
最近的技术进步带来了巨大的收集、存储和分析数据的能力,这些数据以越来越快的速度从不同的来源产生。提供开放和远程学习课程的学术机构,如希腊开放大学(Hellenic open University),可以从与学生信息和通信系统相关的大数据中受益,并使用现代技术和大数据分析工具,前提是学生的隐私权不会受到损害。通过匿名化方法可以达到数据挖掘和维护隐私之间的平衡,但另一方面,这种方法也带来了一些技术问题,例如原始数据中发现的一定量信息的丢失。考虑到学习过程是一个相互作用的角色和因素的框架,在这个系统中发现模式首先对学习者来说是非常有用和有益的,而且,能够发布和分享这些结果将对整个学术机构非常有帮助。
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引用次数: 12
EADTU 2018 Conference Special Collection EADTU 2018年大会特辑
IF 3 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-21 DOI: 10.5334/JIME.539
M. Weller
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of Interactive Media in Education
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