Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925446
William D. Jones
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em> by Jonathan Scott Holloway <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> William D. Jones </li> </ul> <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em>. By Jonathan Scott Holloway. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. xxiv, 152. Paper, $12.99, ISBN 978-0-19-091515-5.) <p>It is no simple task to write a short and comprehensive narrative of more than four hundred years of history, but Jonathan Scott Holloway has delivered in <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em>. In telling the story of Black people in the United States, Holloway identifies struggle as a central theme. For four centuries, African Americans have struggled to be considered human and civilized, and they have struggled to be considered Americans and citizens. In his first chapter, on colonial slavery, the Atlantic slave trade, and the birth of the United States, Holloway explains the contradictions at the heart of the United States—how a nation founded with the rhetoric of freedom allowed enslavement. Holloway hits his stride in the second chapter, which focuses on resistance to enslavement, including the Black abolitionist movement. Here he uses many stories of well-known individuals (Frederick Douglass, David Walker, Denmark Vesey, Maria Stewart, Harriet Jacobs, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman, to name a few) to illustrate his points and larger themes. Holloway employs this effective tactic throughout the book, except in his section on Reconstruction, which reads most like a traditional textbook.</p> <p>Not only does focusing on a central theme allow Holloway to synthesize a complex and lengthy history, but it also allows him to weave together different strands of Black history that he might otherwise have addressed on their own. For instance, Holloway’s chapters on the twentieth century blend the stories of political activists with those of artists and musicians, allowing him to tell the story of the Great Migration, the Red Summer, and Marcus Garvey alongside Alain Locke and the Harlem Renaissance without the narrative feeling strained or disjointed. The result is a brief but comprehensive account that also illustrates historical complexity and contingency.</p> <p>Because Holloway has chosen to understand African American history through the struggle for rights and equal recognition, he never allows the reader to become complacent over victories and satisfied with progress. This is no Whig history. Holloway includes the backlash to progress—from the Redeemers who designed Jim Crow laws to the so-called silent majority and anti–affirmative action activists who sought to repulse the advancements of the civil rights movement. This choice provides great dividends at the end of the book, when Holloway discusses Barack Obama’s election and presidency
{"title":"African American History: A Very Short Introduction by Jonathan Scott Holloway (review)","authors":"William D. Jones","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925446","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em> by Jonathan Scott Holloway <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> William D. Jones </li> </ul> <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em>. By Jonathan Scott Holloway. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. xxiv, 152. Paper, $12.99, ISBN 978-0-19-091515-5.) <p>It is no simple task to write a short and comprehensive narrative of more than four hundred years of history, but Jonathan Scott Holloway has delivered in <em>African American History: A Very Short Introduction</em>. In telling the story of Black people in the United States, Holloway identifies struggle as a central theme. For four centuries, African Americans have struggled to be considered human and civilized, and they have struggled to be considered Americans and citizens. In his first chapter, on colonial slavery, the Atlantic slave trade, and the birth of the United States, Holloway explains the contradictions at the heart of the United States—how a nation founded with the rhetoric of freedom allowed enslavement. Holloway hits his stride in the second chapter, which focuses on resistance to enslavement, including the Black abolitionist movement. Here he uses many stories of well-known individuals (Frederick Douglass, David Walker, Denmark Vesey, Maria Stewart, Harriet Jacobs, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman, to name a few) to illustrate his points and larger themes. Holloway employs this effective tactic throughout the book, except in his section on Reconstruction, which reads most like a traditional textbook.</p> <p>Not only does focusing on a central theme allow Holloway to synthesize a complex and lengthy history, but it also allows him to weave together different strands of Black history that he might otherwise have addressed on their own. For instance, Holloway’s chapters on the twentieth century blend the stories of political activists with those of artists and musicians, allowing him to tell the story of the Great Migration, the Red Summer, and Marcus Garvey alongside Alain Locke and the Harlem Renaissance without the narrative feeling strained or disjointed. The result is a brief but comprehensive account that also illustrates historical complexity and contingency.</p> <p>Because Holloway has chosen to understand African American history through the struggle for rights and equal recognition, he never allows the reader to become complacent over victories and satisfied with progress. This is no Whig history. Holloway includes the backlash to progress—from the Redeemers who designed Jim Crow laws to the so-called silent majority and anti–affirmative action activists who sought to repulse the advancements of the civil rights movement. This choice provides great dividends at the end of the book, when Holloway discusses Barack Obama’s election and presidency","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925453
Glenn Jonas
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em> ed. by J. Kristian Pratt <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Glenn Jonas </li> </ul> <em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em>. Edited by J. Kristian Pratt. Baptists in Early North America Series. (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2023. Pp. cxxx, 258. $60.00, ISBN 978-0-88146-860-1.) <p>The Sandy Creek Baptist tradition, with its embrace of the religious enthusiasm from the First Great Awakening, left a significant imprint on the DNA of Baptists in the South. The Sandy Creek tradition traces its origin to several families who migrated south from Connecticut to Virginia and eventually to North Carolina, where they established the Sandy Creek Baptist Church in 1755. Led by itinerant preachers Shubal Stearns, Daniel Marshall, and Marshall’s wife, Martha Stearns Marshall (Shubal’s sister), the movement grew rapidly, stretching from the Carolinas northward into Virginia and southward into Georgia. Within three years, the mother church had helped establish the Sandy Creek Baptist Association. By the time of Shubal Stearns’s death in 1771, the movement boasted forty-two churches and 125 ministers.</p> <p><em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em> is the ninth volume in the Baptists in Early North America Series, initiated by the late Baptist historian William H. Brackney. The series has been helpful for understanding the Baptist tradition in America through the lens of influential and historic local Baptist churches. Each volume in the series provides the historical context of the local congregation and then, significantly, an annotated presentation of the church’s records. These primary source materials provide a vital means for understanding Baptists from the perspective of the local congregation, an approach utilized by some historians over the last several decades.</p> <p>The editor of this volume, J. Kristian Pratt, provides a helpful resource for historians seeking to understand the Sandy Creek tradition in Baptist life, a topic for which there is need for deeper research. Religion in the South, particularly of the Baptist stripe, cannot properly be understood without studying the Sandy Creek tradition. However, records from the original church are missing due to a fire in 1816. That is what makes this book so important. The Abbott’s Creek church, established within months of the original Sandy Creek church, provides an important glimpse into the broader Sandy Creek tradition.</p> <p>In the first section of the book, Pratt provides an extensive and careful historical introduction to the Abbott’s Creek church. The fact that there are currently two churches—Abbott’s Creek Primitive Baptist Church and Abbott’s Creek Missionary Baptist Church—across the street from one another is itself an interesting part of the story. Prat
{"title":"Abbott's Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church ed. by J. Kristian Pratt (review)","authors":"Glenn Jonas","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925453","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em> ed. by J. Kristian Pratt <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Glenn Jonas </li> </ul> <em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em>. Edited by J. Kristian Pratt. Baptists in Early North America Series. (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2023. Pp. cxxx, 258. $60.00, ISBN 978-0-88146-860-1.) <p>The Sandy Creek Baptist tradition, with its embrace of the religious enthusiasm from the First Great Awakening, left a significant imprint on the DNA of Baptists in the South. The Sandy Creek tradition traces its origin to several families who migrated south from Connecticut to Virginia and eventually to North Carolina, where they established the Sandy Creek Baptist Church in 1755. Led by itinerant preachers Shubal Stearns, Daniel Marshall, and Marshall’s wife, Martha Stearns Marshall (Shubal’s sister), the movement grew rapidly, stretching from the Carolinas northward into Virginia and southward into Georgia. Within three years, the mother church had helped establish the Sandy Creek Baptist Association. By the time of Shubal Stearns’s death in 1771, the movement boasted forty-two churches and 125 ministers.</p> <p><em>Abbott’s Creek, North Carolina, Baptist Church</em> is the ninth volume in the Baptists in Early North America Series, initiated by the late Baptist historian William H. Brackney. The series has been helpful for understanding the Baptist tradition in America through the lens of influential and historic local Baptist churches. Each volume in the series provides the historical context of the local congregation and then, significantly, an annotated presentation of the church’s records. These primary source materials provide a vital means for understanding Baptists from the perspective of the local congregation, an approach utilized by some historians over the last several decades.</p> <p>The editor of this volume, J. Kristian Pratt, provides a helpful resource for historians seeking to understand the Sandy Creek tradition in Baptist life, a topic for which there is need for deeper research. Religion in the South, particularly of the Baptist stripe, cannot properly be understood without studying the Sandy Creek tradition. However, records from the original church are missing due to a fire in 1816. That is what makes this book so important. The Abbott’s Creek church, established within months of the original Sandy Creek church, provides an important glimpse into the broader Sandy Creek tradition.</p> <p>In the first section of the book, Pratt provides an extensive and careful historical introduction to the Abbott’s Creek church. The fact that there are currently two churches—Abbott’s Creek Primitive Baptist Church and Abbott’s Creek Missionary Baptist Church—across the street from one another is itself an interesting part of the story. Prat","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925487
Kevin C. Motl
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em> by Brooks Blevins <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Kevin C. Motl </li> </ul> <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em>. By Brooks Blevins. (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2022. Pp. [viii], 260. $34.95, ISBN 978-1-68226-220-7.) <p>Brooks Blevins, Noel Boyd Professor of Ozarks Studies at Missouri State University, delivers a savory anthology of essays on the Ozarks highlands—a region of mountains and plateaus extending from northwest Arkansas into southern Missouri and northeast Oklahoma—and its people in <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em>. Of the thirteen chapters, six are new, while the remainder are republished material with modest revisions. Each chapter aspires to render the once-invisible visible. After all, as Blevins laments in a later chapter, Appalachia has a better publicist, and thus a lens into the world of the Ozarks comes only after a “generational lag,” if at all (p. 220). Indeed, sustained scholarly inquiry into the folkways of the Ozarks people is a relatively recent development, and arguably the most authoritative work on the region to date comes from Blevins himself.</p> <p>As Blevins’s examination unfolds, the reader is treated to glimpses into the defiant and often dangerous world of seasonal fireworks sales; the resurrection of shape note gospel singing schools; the lingering presence of the clapboard country stores serving sparsely populated hollers; and the ongoing crusade of folklore collectors to construct a definitive inventory of American mountain ballads. These insightful vignettes are seasoned generously with humor born of Blevins’s own life experiences with the very phenomena described therein.</p> <p>The lighthearted excursions offer an antidote to more sober considerations of race relations and racial violence in the region; the ethically suspect means by which Ozarks waterways—most notably, the celebrated Buffalo River—were expropriated by government to establish the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and the economic hardships endemic to the region that, over generations, left many rural Ozarkers clinging to subsistence by their fingernails. These erudite treatments engage directly with the relevant scholarly literature and draw meaningful and occasionally revisionist conclusions.</p> <p>Blevins’s ambition to discern the relative “southernness” of Ozarks culture serves as a key subtext in this volume (p. 7). Several chapters explore either explicit or implicit comparisons between the upland and lowland South. The futile attempts by locals to resist federal power in claiming Ozarks waterways for recreational and conservation purposes highlight a strain of deep distrust toward government. The generational efforts to scratch a life from unforgiving l
{"title":"Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins by Brooks Blevins (review)","authors":"Kevin C. Motl","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925487","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em> by Brooks Blevins <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Kevin C. Motl </li> </ul> <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em>. By Brooks Blevins. (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2022. Pp. [viii], 260. $34.95, ISBN 978-1-68226-220-7.) <p>Brooks Blevins, Noel Boyd Professor of Ozarks Studies at Missouri State University, delivers a savory anthology of essays on the Ozarks highlands—a region of mountains and plateaus extending from northwest Arkansas into southern Missouri and northeast Oklahoma—and its people in <em>Up South in the Ozarks: Dispatches from the Margins</em>. Of the thirteen chapters, six are new, while the remainder are republished material with modest revisions. Each chapter aspires to render the once-invisible visible. After all, as Blevins laments in a later chapter, Appalachia has a better publicist, and thus a lens into the world of the Ozarks comes only after a “generational lag,” if at all (p. 220). Indeed, sustained scholarly inquiry into the folkways of the Ozarks people is a relatively recent development, and arguably the most authoritative work on the region to date comes from Blevins himself.</p> <p>As Blevins’s examination unfolds, the reader is treated to glimpses into the defiant and often dangerous world of seasonal fireworks sales; the resurrection of shape note gospel singing schools; the lingering presence of the clapboard country stores serving sparsely populated hollers; and the ongoing crusade of folklore collectors to construct a definitive inventory of American mountain ballads. These insightful vignettes are seasoned generously with humor born of Blevins’s own life experiences with the very phenomena described therein.</p> <p>The lighthearted excursions offer an antidote to more sober considerations of race relations and racial violence in the region; the ethically suspect means by which Ozarks waterways—most notably, the celebrated Buffalo River—were expropriated by government to establish the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System, and the economic hardships endemic to the region that, over generations, left many rural Ozarkers clinging to subsistence by their fingernails. These erudite treatments engage directly with the relevant scholarly literature and draw meaningful and occasionally revisionist conclusions.</p> <p>Blevins’s ambition to discern the relative “southernness” of Ozarks culture serves as a key subtext in this volume (p. 7). Several chapters explore either explicit or implicit comparisons between the upland and lowland South. The futile attempts by locals to resist federal power in claiming Ozarks waterways for recreational and conservation purposes highlight a strain of deep distrust toward government. The generational efforts to scratch a life from unforgiving l","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925462
Anne Marie Martin
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em> by Ritchie Devon Watson Jr <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Anne Marie Martin </li> </ul> <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em>. By Ritchie Devon Watson Jr. Southern Literary Studies. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. x, 243. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7933-8.) <p>In <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em>, Ritchie Devon Watson Jr. examines the deterioration of the relationship between the South and New York City during the antebellum period. New York was a popular tourist destination, and wealthy white southerners filled the city’s hotels and enjoyed all the city had to offer, from opera and theater productions to the numerous shopping opportunities. However, as the period progressed, white southerners grew increasingly defensive of slavery and felt that it was only fair to demand that New Yorkers, who had grown wealthy as major players in the southern cotton trade, should support the institution’s continued practice. The appeasement New Yorkers offered, though, was never enough. Using the writings of white southerners, New Yorkers, and others, Watson reveals the cracks that emerged in this relationship between 1820 and 1860, demonstrating that proslavery and antislavery Americans were aware of and acted in response to the economic and political ties that bound New York City’s wealth to southern slavery.</p> <p><em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster</em>’s structure is thematic, with chapters primarily organized by literature type. Chapter 1, “That Most Southern Connected of Northern Cities,” sets the stage, considering not just the general relationship between the South and New York, but also the history of New York City and its long relationship with slavery. In “The Greatest Emporium of the Western Hemisphere: The South Travels to Gotham,” Watson considers travelers’ accounts of their time in the city. He argues that, while the growing tensions between white southerners and the city were clear in other literary forms by the 1850s, southern travelers’ accounts of their time in the city were generally positive across the period.</p> <p>The deteriorating nature of the relationship also appeared in white southern fiction, as Watson explains in his third chapter, “Early Fictional Appraisals of New York City.” While southerner William Alexander Caruthers’s <em>The Kentuckian in New-York; or, The Adventures of Three Southerns</em> (1834) included themes like national identity and some questioning of slavery, by the 1840s southerners’ works had become more critical of the city. As seen in Watson’s chapter 4, “Blotted from the List of Cities: Southern Write
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster：Ritchie Devon Watson Jr Anne Marie Martin 著，《Grand Emporium，Mercantile Monster：The Antebellum South's Love-Hate Affair with New York City》：前南方与纽约市的爱恨情仇。小里奇-德文-沃森著，《南方文学研究》。(巴吞鲁日：路易斯安那州立大学出版社，2023 年。第 x 页，243 页。45.00美元，ISBN 978-0-8071-7933-8）。In Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster：Ritchie Devon Watson Jr.在《Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South's Love-Hate Affair with New York City》一书中探讨了前贝鲁姆时期南方与纽约之间关系的恶化。纽约是一个热门的旅游胜地，富有的南方白人住满了纽约的酒店，享受着这座城市提供的一切，从歌剧和戏剧演出到众多的购物机会。然而，随着时间的推移，南方白人越来越维护奴隶制，并认为纽约人作为南方棉花贸易的主要参与者而变得富裕，要求他们支持奴隶制的继续实行是公平的。然而，纽约人提供的安抚是远远不够的。沃森利用南方白人、纽约人和其他人的著作，揭示了 1820 年至 1860 年间这种关系中出现的裂痕，表明支持奴隶制和反对奴隶制的美国人都意识到纽约市的财富与南方奴隶制之间的经济和政治联系，并采取了相应的行动。Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster》的结构是主题式的，主要按文献类型组织章节。第 1 章 "北方城市中与南方联系最紧密的城市 "奠定了基础，不仅考虑了南方与纽约之间的一般关系，还考虑了纽约市的历史及其与奴隶制的长期关系。在 "西半球最大的购物中心：南方人到哥谭旅行 "一文中，沃森研究了旅行者对他们在纽约生活的描述。他认为，虽然到了 19 世纪 50 年代，南方白人与这座城市之间日益紧张的关系在其他文学形式中已经显露无遗，但南方旅行者对他们在这座城市度过的时光的描述在整个时期总体上是积极的。正如沃森在第三章 "早期小说对纽约市的评价 "中解释的那样，关系恶化的本质也出现在南方白人小说中。虽然南方人威廉-亚历山大-卡鲁瑟的《肯塔基人在纽约》（The Kentuckian in New-York；or，The Adventures of Three Southerns，1834 年）包含了民族身份等主题以及对奴隶制的一些质疑，但到了 19 世纪 40 年代，南方人的作品对纽约的批判性更强了。正如沃森在第 4 章 "从城市名单上抹去：南方作家抨击哥谭市 "一章中可以看出，到 19 世纪 50 年代，南方白人作家越来越多地将纽约市作为批判自由市场和捍卫奴隶制的替身。这些后期作品与早期小说的态度大相径庭，其中包括埃德蒙-拉芬（Edmund Ruffin）的《对未来的预想，作为当下的教训》（1860 年），该书预言由南方领导的内战成功后，纽约将遭到毁灭。在最后几章中，沃森的重点有所转移。第 5 章 "威廉-吉尔摩-西姆斯、威廉-卡伦-布莱恩特和联邦铰链的断裂 "讲述了南卡罗来纳州作家、种植园主和奴隶制拥护者西姆斯与长期反奴隶制的纽约报纸编辑布莱恩特的长期友谊。沃森认为，这种关系以及 [第428页完] 其最终的消亡，可以看作是围绕城市和南方的更广泛局势的一个有用的寓言。本书最后一章 "可处决的纽约 "讲述了南方分离后的纽约市。尽管南方记者呼吁纽约市支持南方联盟，并预言如果没有南方棉花，纽约将走向衰落，但萨姆特要塞开火后席卷全城的美国爱国主义浪潮不仅表明纽约不会援助南方联盟，而且也表明许多南方人预言不可避免的纽约经济衰退并没有得到保证。沃森通过大量使用书面资料，说明了富有的南方白人与纽约市之间深厚的个人关系，并让他们讲述了纽约市的历史。
{"title":"Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South's Love-Hate Affair with New York City by Ritchie Devon Watson Jr (review)","authors":"Anne Marie Martin","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925462","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em> by Ritchie Devon Watson Jr <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Anne Marie Martin </li> </ul> <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em>. By Ritchie Devon Watson Jr. Southern Literary Studies. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. x, 243. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7933-8.) <p>In <em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster: The Antebellum South’s Love-Hate Affair with New York City</em>, Ritchie Devon Watson Jr. examines the deterioration of the relationship between the South and New York City during the antebellum period. New York was a popular tourist destination, and wealthy white southerners filled the city’s hotels and enjoyed all the city had to offer, from opera and theater productions to the numerous shopping opportunities. However, as the period progressed, white southerners grew increasingly defensive of slavery and felt that it was only fair to demand that New Yorkers, who had grown wealthy as major players in the southern cotton trade, should support the institution’s continued practice. The appeasement New Yorkers offered, though, was never enough. Using the writings of white southerners, New Yorkers, and others, Watson reveals the cracks that emerged in this relationship between 1820 and 1860, demonstrating that proslavery and antislavery Americans were aware of and acted in response to the economic and political ties that bound New York City’s wealth to southern slavery.</p> <p><em>Grand Emporium, Mercantile Monster</em>’s structure is thematic, with chapters primarily organized by literature type. Chapter 1, “That Most Southern Connected of Northern Cities,” sets the stage, considering not just the general relationship between the South and New York, but also the history of New York City and its long relationship with slavery. In “The Greatest Emporium of the Western Hemisphere: The South Travels to Gotham,” Watson considers travelers’ accounts of their time in the city. He argues that, while the growing tensions between white southerners and the city were clear in other literary forms by the 1850s, southern travelers’ accounts of their time in the city were generally positive across the period.</p> <p>The deteriorating nature of the relationship also appeared in white southern fiction, as Watson explains in his third chapter, “Early Fictional Appraisals of New York City.” While southerner William Alexander Caruthers’s <em>The Kentuckian in New-York; or, The Adventures of Three Southerns</em> (1834) included themes like national identity and some questioning of slavery, by the 1840s southerners’ works had become more critical of the city. As seen in Watson’s chapter 4, “Blotted from the List of Cities: Southern Write","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925479
Michael W. Flamm
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em> by Margaret A. Burnham <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Michael W. Flamm </li> </ul> <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em>. By Margaret A. Burnham. (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2022. Pp. xxiv, 328. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 978-1-324-06605-7; cloth, $30.00, ISBN 978-0-393-86785-5.) <p>After two years as an army corporal, Willie Lee Davis returned to Summit, Georgia, in 1943 to see friends and visit his mother. On the eve of the Fourth of July, he was in a juke joint with a young woman when the town’s white police chief confronted and slapped him. “I’m not your man,” protested Davis, who was in uniform; “I’m Uncle Sam’s man” (p. 179). Then Davis made a tragic mistake—he tried to flee through a dark alley with a dead end. The officer shot him in the chest, and Davis died on the nation’s birthday.</p> <p>In <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em>, Margaret A. Burnham, a law professor at Northeastern University, provides painful example after example of how white supremacy and racial violence were interwoven during the Jim Crow era. Drawing on a digitized archive of more than a thousand homicides that she compiled with political scientist Melissa Nobles, Burnham ably chronicles how the legal system and federal government failed to protect the rights and lives of African Americans during the decades between Reconstruction and the modern freedom struggle.</p> <p>Burnham is careful to note that “Jim Crow took different forms across the country, embedded in culture, articulated in law, and entrenched in politics” (p. xiii). She spotlights the South because racial violence was so prevalent there, but then she contends that she is “fully mindful of the myth of southern exceptionalism” (p. xv). However, her powerful study should have explored, or at least cited, some of the historical literature on this important topic, such as <em>The Myth of Southern Exceptionalism</em> (New York, 2010), edited by Matthew D. Lassiter and Joseph Crespino.</p> <p>Burnham organizes her book into seven sections. Part 1 deals with rendition, noting how resistance in the North to the return of Black prisoners to the South, where lynching remained pervasive, continued a century after the Fugitive <strong>[End Page 450]</strong> Slave Law of 1850. Part 2 examines the visible and invisible conflicts over segregation on streetcars and city buses. Here and elsewhere, the author uncovers fascinating bits of lost history, such as the 1943 “Walk to Work, Walk to Church, and Walk to Shop” campaign in Mobile, Alabama, which foreshadowed the more famous bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1954 (p. 83).</p> <p>In Parts 3 and 4, Burnham describes how the federal government, the legal system, and the Justice Department left African Americans at
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： By Hands Now Known：Jim Crow's Legal Executioners by Margaret A. Burnham Michael W. Flamm By Hands Now Known：吉姆-克罗的法律刽子手》。作者 Margaret A. Burnham。(纽约）：W. W. 诺顿公司，2022 年。第 xxiv 页，第 328 页。纸质版，19.95 美元，ISBN 978-1-324-06605-7；布质版，30.00 美元，ISBN 978-0-393-86785-5）。威利-李-戴维斯（Willie Lee Davis）在军队当了两年下士后，于 1943 年回到佐治亚州的萨姆普（Summit）看望朋友和母亲。国庆节前夕，他和一名年轻女子在一家点唱店里，被镇上的白人警察局长撞见并打了一记耳光。"我不是你们的人，"穿着制服的戴维斯抗议道，"我是山姆大叔的人"（第 179 页）。然后戴维斯犯了一个悲惨的错误--他试图穿过一条死胡同逃走。警官朝他的胸部开了一枪，戴维斯在国家的生日那天死去。在《众所周知：吉姆-克罗的合法刽子手》（By Hands Now Known：美国东北大学法学教授玛格丽特-伯纳姆（Margaret A. Burnham）在《吉姆-克罗的法律刽子手》一书中列举了一个又一个令人痛心的例子，说明在吉姆-克罗时代，白人至上主义和种族暴力是如何交织在一起的。伯纳姆利用她与政治学家梅丽莎-诺布尔斯（Melissa Nobles）共同整理的一千多起凶杀案的数字化档案，记录了从重建到现代自由斗争的几十年间，法律体系和联邦政府如何未能保护非洲裔美国人的权利和生命。伯纳姆小心翼翼地指出，"全国各地的'吉姆-克罗'采取了不同的形式，它们根植于文化之中，在法律中得到明确阐述，并在政治上根深蒂固"（第 xiii 页）。她着重强调了南方，因为那里的种族暴力非常普遍，但她又争辩说，她 "充分意识到了南方例外论的神话"（第 xv 页）。不过，她的研究报告应该探讨或至少引用一些关于这一重要主题的历史文献，如由 Matthew D. Lassiter 和 Joseph Crespino 编辑的《南方例外论的神话》（纽约，2010 年）。伯纳姆将她的著作分为七个部分。第 1 部分论述了引渡问题，指出在《1850 年逃[第450页完]奴法》颁布一个世纪后，北方是如何抵制将黑人囚犯送回私刑仍然盛行的南方的。第二部分探讨了有轨电车和城市公交车上因种族隔离而产生的有形和无形冲突。在这里和其他地方，作者发现了令人着迷的失落历史片段，例如 1943 年在阿拉巴马州莫比尔市开展的 "步行上班、步行去教堂、步行购物 "运动，该运动预示了 1954 年在阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市发生的更为著名的抵制公共汽车运动（第 83 页）。在第 3 部分和第 4 部分中，伯纳姆描述了重建后联邦政府、法律系统和司法部是如何让非裔美国人任由南方白人摆布的。她详细介绍了最高法院如何在 "Screws 诉美国"（1945 年）一案中废除了《1870 年执行法案》第 52 条，使联邦法院几乎无法对种族暴力犯罪人定罪。第 5 部分和第 6 部分集中介绍了黑人在地方和国家层面对绑架或诱拐等犯罪的反抗，警方通常忽视这些犯罪，历史学家也往往忽略这些犯罪。有时，作者提供的大量种族不公正现象可能会让读者不知所措或感到困惑。整本书可能会受益于更多的选择性和编辑。但在第 7 部分，伯纳姆明确提出了令人信服的赔偿理由，尤其是对白人官员或至上主义者谋杀和私刑受害者的赔偿。她向杜波依斯（W. E. B. Du Bois）致敬，称赔偿是 "21 世纪的问题"，并断言仅有承认、道歉、纪念和和解是不够的（第 31 章）。她认为，由于对非洲裔美国人造成了巨大的个人和制度伤害，赔偿至关重要。作者承认，由于多种原因，"补偿性司法是一件混乱的事情"，但她强调，历史上的虐待、国际先例和民主实践使其变得至关重要，只要过去影响着现在（第 264 页）。鉴于本文提供的大量骇人听闻的证据，我们很难提出异议。迈克尔-W-弗拉姆
{"title":"By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow's Legal Executioners by Margaret A. Burnham (review)","authors":"Michael W. Flamm","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925479","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em> by Margaret A. Burnham <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Michael W. Flamm </li> </ul> <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em>. By Margaret A. Burnham. (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2022. Pp. xxiv, 328. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 978-1-324-06605-7; cloth, $30.00, ISBN 978-0-393-86785-5.) <p>After two years as an army corporal, Willie Lee Davis returned to Summit, Georgia, in 1943 to see friends and visit his mother. On the eve of the Fourth of July, he was in a juke joint with a young woman when the town’s white police chief confronted and slapped him. “I’m not your man,” protested Davis, who was in uniform; “I’m Uncle Sam’s man” (p. 179). Then Davis made a tragic mistake—he tried to flee through a dark alley with a dead end. The officer shot him in the chest, and Davis died on the nation’s birthday.</p> <p>In <em>By Hands Now Known: Jim Crow’s Legal Executioners</em>, Margaret A. Burnham, a law professor at Northeastern University, provides painful example after example of how white supremacy and racial violence were interwoven during the Jim Crow era. Drawing on a digitized archive of more than a thousand homicides that she compiled with political scientist Melissa Nobles, Burnham ably chronicles how the legal system and federal government failed to protect the rights and lives of African Americans during the decades between Reconstruction and the modern freedom struggle.</p> <p>Burnham is careful to note that “Jim Crow took different forms across the country, embedded in culture, articulated in law, and entrenched in politics” (p. xiii). She spotlights the South because racial violence was so prevalent there, but then she contends that she is “fully mindful of the myth of southern exceptionalism” (p. xv). However, her powerful study should have explored, or at least cited, some of the historical literature on this important topic, such as <em>The Myth of Southern Exceptionalism</em> (New York, 2010), edited by Matthew D. Lassiter and Joseph Crespino.</p> <p>Burnham organizes her book into seven sections. Part 1 deals with rendition, noting how resistance in the North to the return of Black prisoners to the South, where lynching remained pervasive, continued a century after the Fugitive <strong>[End Page 450]</strong> Slave Law of 1850. Part 2 examines the visible and invisible conflicts over segregation on streetcars and city buses. Here and elsewhere, the author uncovers fascinating bits of lost history, such as the 1943 “Walk to Work, Walk to Church, and Walk to Shop” campaign in Mobile, Alabama, which foreshadowed the more famous bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1954 (p. 83).</p> <p>In Parts 3 and 4, Burnham describes how the federal government, the legal system, and the Justice Department left African Americans at ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925441
James F. Brooks
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Gods of Thunder: How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America</em> by Timothy R. Pauketat <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> James F. Brooks </li> </ul> <em>Gods of Thunder: How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America</em>. By Timothy R. Pauketat. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. xvi, 330. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-19-764510-9.) <p>I have long assigned Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s <em>La Relación y Comentarios</em> (1542) in my early America survey courses to provide to students a firsthand glimpse, however culturally biased, of the Indigenous world that would soon be convulsed by European invaders. Yet I never thought to employ that narrative as Timothy R. Pauketat does here: to ask, if four lost foreigners, lacking local languages and without any knowledge of the regional landscape, could traverse some 2,400 miles across the southern reaches of North America, how many Indigenous sojourners, traders, teachers, and preachers might have traveled vastly greater distances to effect changes in ritual practices, architecture, social organization, and world-building in the millennia preceding 1492? North American archaeology, long hostile to diffusionist notions of cultural change (in no small part inspired by nationalist sentiments that sought to downplay cultural influences from Mexico and Central America), now faces a challenge from bold thinkers like Mississippian specialist Pauketat and his southwestern saddle-mate Stephen Lekson, famous for his provocation, which Pauketat quotes, that scholars of ancient America proceed on an assumption that “‘Everyone knew everything!’” (p. 28).</p> <p>Pauketat situates his argument in the “Medieval Climate Anomaly,” an unusually warm and wet period (800–1300 CE) in the Northern Hemisphere that correlated with the explosion of social complexity and inequality in Europe and North America. In the latter, agricultural productivity soared, urbanization followed, and complex socioreligious systems evolved to manage the “Wind-that-Brings-Rain” deities who, for Pauketat, are foundational to spiritual complexes as separate in distance and time as Mayan cenote sacrifices, Hopi Katsina rituals, Mississippian mound-top sweat baths, and Lakota Sun Dances (p. 9). These deities were “historically linked to one another, much the way that human beings were, and are, intimately entangled in a global evapotranspiration cycle: clouds produce rain and snow that lead to both groundwater and water bodies that relentlessly evaporate, condense in the atmosphere, and appear as clouds once again” (p. 9). For all their discrete cultural expressions, therefore, the many thousands of Indigenous polities of the Americas (Northern Hemisphere, in this case) constituted a mutually comprehensible, if not politically unified, cultural w
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： 雷霆之神：Timothy R. Pauketat James F. Brooks 著 Gods of Thunder：How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America：气候变化、旅行和灵性如何重塑了前殖民时期的美国。作者：Timothy R. Pauketat。(纽约：牛津大学出版社，2023 年。第 xvi、330 页。29.95美元，书号978-0-19-764510-9）。长期以来，我一直在我的早期美洲调查课程中指定阿尔瓦-努涅斯-卡贝萨-德-瓦卡（Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca）的《关系与评论》（La Relación y Comentarios，1542 年），为学生们提供第一手资料，让他们了解即将被欧洲入侵者蹂躏的土著世界，无论这些资料是否带有文化偏见。然而，我从未想过像蒂莫西-R-保凯特（Timothy R. Pauketat）在这里所做的那样运用这一叙事：试问，如果四个迷失方向的外国人，既没有当地语言，又对当地地貌一无所知，都能横穿北美南部约 2400 英里的土地，那么在 1492 年之前的几千年里，有多少土著旅居者、商人、教师和传教士可能走过更遥远的距离，对仪式、建筑、社会组织和世界建设产生影响？北美考古学长期敌视文化变迁的扩散主义观念（这在很大程度上是受民族主义情绪的影响，试图淡化来自墨西哥和中美洲的文化影响），现在面临着像密西西比专家保凯特（Pauketat）和他的西南马友斯蒂芬-莱克森（Stephen Lekson）这样大胆的思想家的挑战。(p. 28).Pauketat 将他的论点与 "中世纪气候异常 "联系在一起，"中世纪气候异常 "是北半球异常温暖潮湿的时期（公元 800-1300 年），与欧洲和北美社会复杂性和不平等的激增相关联。在北美洲，农业生产力飙升，城市化随之而来，复杂的社会宗教体系也随之发展，以管理 "风生雨下 "的神灵，在 Pauketat 看来，这些神灵是精神综合体的基础，这些精神综合体在距离和时间上与玛雅人的穴居祭祀、霍皮人的卡齐纳仪式、密西西比人的丘顶汗浴和拉科塔人的太阳之舞相距甚远（第 9 页）。这些神灵 "在历史上彼此相连，就像人类过去和现在都与全球蒸发蒸腾循环密切相关一样：云产生雨雪，导致地下水和水体无情地蒸发，在大气中凝结，再次以云的形式出现"（第 9 页）。因此，美洲（这里指北半球）成千上万的土著政体，即使在政治上并不统一，但它们的文化表现形式却各不相同，构成了一个相互理解的文化世界。这种说法是一种大胆的挑衅，它以充满活力的散文形式呈现，并以深厚的知识底蕴横跨古代北美，读来令人陶醉，即使在科学上并不令人信服。本书从统治墨西哥和古代美国西南部的 "风雨神庙 "开始，转到 "沼泽神庙"，再到 "峡谷神庙"。从墨西哥和古代美国西南部的 "风雨神庙 "开始，到现代亚利桑那州霍霍卡姆人的 "球场 "经济，再向南进入玛雅尤卡坦半岛，然后逆转卡贝萨-德-瓦卡的行程，向东北方向 "穿越奇奇梅克海 "进入卡多人的中心地带。全书共十二章，每一章的最后都有作者关于参观可公开参观的考古遗址的建议，这些建议本身就出人意料。例如，第 5 章建议我们参观哈利斯科州特奇特兰的洛斯瓜奇蒙托内斯圆形金字塔；或墨西哥城特拉尔潘的奎库尔科考古区（Zona Arqueología Cuicuilco）；还有（是的）南达科他州松树岭保留地的伤膝纪念碑，拉科塔族幽灵舞者的圆周运动与这些旧址有间接联系，他们是被美国第七骑兵团枪杀的。1890 年 12 月，他们被美国第七骑兵团枪杀。令南方人（包括后裔社区）失望的是，Nanih Waiyna、Kituwah、Kolomoki、Moundville、Ocmulgee 和 Etowah 土丘城市均未提及。也许在 Pauketat 的心目中，这些城市只是卡霍基亚大都市的边缘。与此相反，路易斯安那州的贫困点（Poverty Point）却被提到了，这是一座太古时期（公元前 3000 年）的前农业建筑群，它拥有令人惊叹的几何形状和土方工程，几乎可以肯定，设计时考虑的是天文而不是雨水。无论它是如何...
{"title":"Gods of Thunder: How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America by Timothy R. Pauketat (review)","authors":"James F. Brooks","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925441","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Gods of Thunder: How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America</em> by Timothy R. Pauketat <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> James F. Brooks </li> </ul> <em>Gods of Thunder: How Climate Change, Travel, and Spirituality Reshaped Precolonial America</em>. By Timothy R. Pauketat. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023. Pp. xvi, 330. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-19-764510-9.) <p>I have long assigned Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca’s <em>La Relación y Comentarios</em> (1542) in my early America survey courses to provide to students a firsthand glimpse, however culturally biased, of the Indigenous world that would soon be convulsed by European invaders. Yet I never thought to employ that narrative as Timothy R. Pauketat does here: to ask, if four lost foreigners, lacking local languages and without any knowledge of the regional landscape, could traverse some 2,400 miles across the southern reaches of North America, how many Indigenous sojourners, traders, teachers, and preachers might have traveled vastly greater distances to effect changes in ritual practices, architecture, social organization, and world-building in the millennia preceding 1492? North American archaeology, long hostile to diffusionist notions of cultural change (in no small part inspired by nationalist sentiments that sought to downplay cultural influences from Mexico and Central America), now faces a challenge from bold thinkers like Mississippian specialist Pauketat and his southwestern saddle-mate Stephen Lekson, famous for his provocation, which Pauketat quotes, that scholars of ancient America proceed on an assumption that “‘Everyone knew everything!’” (p. 28).</p> <p>Pauketat situates his argument in the “Medieval Climate Anomaly,” an unusually warm and wet period (800–1300 CE) in the Northern Hemisphere that correlated with the explosion of social complexity and inequality in Europe and North America. In the latter, agricultural productivity soared, urbanization followed, and complex socioreligious systems evolved to manage the “Wind-that-Brings-Rain” deities who, for Pauketat, are foundational to spiritual complexes as separate in distance and time as Mayan cenote sacrifices, Hopi Katsina rituals, Mississippian mound-top sweat baths, and Lakota Sun Dances (p. 9). These deities were “historically linked to one another, much the way that human beings were, and are, intimately entangled in a global evapotranspiration cycle: clouds produce rain and snow that lead to both groundwater and water bodies that relentlessly evaporate, condense in the atmosphere, and appear as clouds once again” (p. 9). For all their discrete cultural expressions, therefore, the many thousands of Indigenous polities of the Americas (Northern Hemisphere, in this case) constituted a mutually comprehensible, if not politically unified, cultural w","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925481
Beth Fowler
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em> by Scott Blackwood <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Beth Fowler </li> </ul> <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em>. By Scott Blackwood. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. xii, 199. $34.95, ISBN 978-0-8071-7914-7.) <p>Scott Blackwood’s examination of the blues artists recorded by Paramount Records, an independent label founded by the Wisconsin Chair Company in 1917 to sell phonograph cabinets, tells numerous tales, both joyful and heartbreaking, of the Black musicians who left their southern homes for better opportunities up north. <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em> is an excellent example of creative nonfiction, as Blackwood uses published oral histories and historical monographs like Alex van der Tuuk’s <em>Paramount’s Rise and Fall: A History of the Wisconsin Chair Company and Its Recording Activities</em> (Denver, 2003) to craft beautifully realized stories about what these journeys must have felt like for Black migrants. Readers get an intriguing glimpse into the inner lives of these musicians as they strummed and sang their way into blues history. But preexisting knowledge of both the Great Migration and the early days of Black American music is essential in order to keep up with Blackwood’s tales, which are divided into short vignettes, largely disconnected from one another, and do not always add up to a coherent story.</p> <p>From the beginning, readers are plunged into Chicago’s “Black Metropolis” during the Roaring Twenties, which was “Lit like an arc light. Midnight like noon. Hot music plays everywhere, spilling out of cafés, cabarets, theaters, into the street, mixing with the sounds of car horns” (pp. 20, 9). Blackwood shows how blues icons such as Alberta Hunter, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Ma Rainey, and Jelly Roll Morton ventured into this hypermodern land of opportunity with dreams that were downright dangerous in their Jim Crow home-towns. Blackwood’s exquisite writing breathes life into each account, making the struggles and joys experienced by his subjects urgent and resonant, providing irresistible nuggets that knowingly allude to other untold stories. He dubs Delta bluesman Charley Patton, for instance, “So enigmatic that people thought he was from somewhere else (‘Up North,’ Willie Brown, his protégé and playing partner, had guessed)” (p. 107). But a familiarity with major texts from Great Migration historiography, like Isabel Wilkerson’s <em>The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration</em> (New York, 2010) and James Grossman’s <em>Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration</em> (Chicago, 1989), is essential for forming a narrative out of
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 派拉蒙唱片公司的兴衰：斯科特-布莱克伍德（Scott Blackwood）著，贝丝-福勒（Beth Fowler）译，《派拉蒙唱片公司的兴衰：一个大迁徙的故事，1917-1932》（The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records：大迁徙的故事，1917-1932》。斯科特-布莱克伍德著。(巴吞鲁日：路易斯安那州立大学出版社，2023 年。第 xii 页，第 199 页。34.95美元，ISBN 978-0-8071-7914-7）。斯科特-布莱克伍德（Scott Blackwood）对派拉蒙唱片公司（Paramount Records）录制的蓝调艺术家进行了研究，该公司是威斯康星椅子公司于 1917 年为销售留声机机柜而成立的独立唱片公司，他在书中讲述了许多黑人音乐家的故事，有欢乐的，也有令人心碎的，他们离开南方的家园，前往北方寻求更好的机会。派拉蒙唱片公司的兴衰：布莱克伍德利用已出版的口述历史和历史专著，如亚历克斯-范德图克（Alex van der Tuuk）的《派拉蒙兴衰史》（Paramount's Rise and Fall：威斯康星椅子公司及其录音活动史》（丹佛，2003 年）等历史专著的基础上，精心制作了精美的故事，讲述了黑人移民在这些旅程中的感受。读者可以从中窥见这些音乐家的内心世界，了解他们在蓝调历史中的弹唱之路。不过，要跟上布莱克伍德的故事，事先了解大迁徙和美国黑人音乐早期的情况是必不可少的，因为这些故事分为几个小故事，相互之间基本上没有联系，而且并不总是连贯的故事。从一开始，读者就被带入了咆哮的二十年代芝加哥的 "黑人大都会"。午夜如正午。热闹的音乐随处可闻，从咖啡馆、歌舞厅、剧院到大街小巷，与汽车喇叭声混杂在一起"（第 20 页和第 9 页）。布莱克伍德展示了阿尔伯塔-亨特、盲人莱蒙-杰斐逊、玛-雷尼和杰利-罗-莫顿等蓝调音乐偶像是如何怀揣着在他们的吉姆-克劳家乡简直是危险的梦想，冒险进入这片充满机遇的超现代化土地的。布莱克伍德的文笔细腻，为每篇报道注入了生命力，使他笔下的人物所经历的挣扎和喜悦变得迫切而令人共鸣，提供了令人难以抗拒的小插曲，并有意暗指其他未曾披露的故事。例如，他将三角洲蓝调歌手查利-帕顿称为 "神秘莫测的人，人们以为他来自其他地方（他的门徒和演奏伙伴威利-布朗猜测他来自'北方'）"（第 107 页）。但如果熟悉大迁徙史学的主要文本，如伊莎贝尔-威尔克森（Isabel Wilkerson）的《其他太阳的温暖》（The Warmth of Other Suns：美国大移民的史诗故事》（纽约，2010 年）和詹姆斯-格罗斯曼（James Grossman）的《希望之地：芝加哥、南方黑人和大移民》（芝加哥，1989 年）等著作，对于从这些错综复杂的见解中形成叙事至关重要。布莱克伍德指出，他所研究的音乐揭示了 "美国黑人找到了自己的声音"，但要使这种声音更有说服力地反映出这些艺术家的经历与日益增长的蓝调唱片需求之间的联系，还需要更多的背景资料（第 x 页）。派拉蒙公司在这一过程中所扮演的角色也有些不明朗，这对于一本表面上以派拉蒙公司为主题的书来说是个奇怪的问题。本书以 1932 年最悲惨的圣诞派对开始，唱片公司员工收到粉红纸条，然后醉醺醺地走到外面，"把唱片扔到黑暗中，扔向［密尔沃基］河"（第 2 页）。布莱克伍德将读者带到河边，与心灰意冷的前工人们一起，展示了经济大萧条是如何导致生产停顿的，以及 "派拉蒙的唱片--可以说是美国丰富音乐 [第453页] 遗产中最伟大的单一档案之一--是如何存在的"（第2页）。虽然布莱克伍德介绍了 J. Mayo Williams 和 Art Laibly 等重要的录音师，但他并没有追溯派拉蒙的起源和发展，也没有深入探讨在商店和电台的音乐类型大体上还处于隔离状态时，这家白人公司转向录制黑人艺人的唱片并销售给（主要是）黑人消费者意味着什么。最终，在 20 世纪 20 年代经济大萧条的背景下，本书对与派拉蒙有关的艺术家和工程师的生活和（假定）心态进行了有趣的探讨。但它并没有将这些...
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932 by Scott Blackwood (review)","authors":"Beth Fowler","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925481","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em> by Scott Blackwood <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Beth Fowler </li> </ul> <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em>. By Scott Blackwood. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. xii, 199. $34.95, ISBN 978-0-8071-7914-7.) <p>Scott Blackwood’s examination of the blues artists recorded by Paramount Records, an independent label founded by the Wisconsin Chair Company in 1917 to sell phonograph cabinets, tells numerous tales, both joyful and heartbreaking, of the Black musicians who left their southern homes for better opportunities up north. <em>The Rise and Fall of Paramount Records: A Great Migration Story, 1917–1932</em> is an excellent example of creative nonfiction, as Blackwood uses published oral histories and historical monographs like Alex van der Tuuk’s <em>Paramount’s Rise and Fall: A History of the Wisconsin Chair Company and Its Recording Activities</em> (Denver, 2003) to craft beautifully realized stories about what these journeys must have felt like for Black migrants. Readers get an intriguing glimpse into the inner lives of these musicians as they strummed and sang their way into blues history. But preexisting knowledge of both the Great Migration and the early days of Black American music is essential in order to keep up with Blackwood’s tales, which are divided into short vignettes, largely disconnected from one another, and do not always add up to a coherent story.</p> <p>From the beginning, readers are plunged into Chicago’s “Black Metropolis” during the Roaring Twenties, which was “Lit like an arc light. Midnight like noon. Hot music plays everywhere, spilling out of cafés, cabarets, theaters, into the street, mixing with the sounds of car horns” (pp. 20, 9). Blackwood shows how blues icons such as Alberta Hunter, Blind Lemon Jefferson, Ma Rainey, and Jelly Roll Morton ventured into this hypermodern land of opportunity with dreams that were downright dangerous in their Jim Crow home-towns. Blackwood’s exquisite writing breathes life into each account, making the struggles and joys experienced by his subjects urgent and resonant, providing irresistible nuggets that knowingly allude to other untold stories. He dubs Delta bluesman Charley Patton, for instance, “So enigmatic that people thought he was from somewhere else (‘Up North,’ Willie Brown, his protégé and playing partner, had guessed)” (p. 107). But a familiarity with major texts from Great Migration historiography, like Isabel Wilkerson’s <em>The Warmth of Other Suns: The Epic Story of America’s Great Migration</em> (New York, 2010) and James Grossman’s <em>Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration</em> (Chicago, 1989), is essential for forming a narrative out of ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925468
Thomas W. Robinson
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Governor’s Pawns: Hostages and Hostage-Taking in Civil War West Virginia</em> By Randall S. Gooden <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Thomas W. Robinson </li> </ul> <em>The Governor’s Pawns: Hostages and Hostage-Taking in Civil War West Virginia</em>. By Randall S. Gooden. Interpreting the Civil War. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2023. Pp. xxii, 250. $55.00, ISBN 978-1-60635-457-5.) <p>After decades of writing and thousands of books on the topic, it is hard to believe that one can find a subject largely absent from general Civil War histories. But Randall S. Gooden has accomplished such a feat with this excellent history of hostage-taking in West Virginia. Gooden, a West Virginia native, focuses on his home state because, while hostage-taking was a common tactic throughout the history of warfare and was utilized by both sides during the Civil War, hostage-taking in West Virginia was unique: it was an official state program, codified in state law and administered by the governor.</p> <p>Gooden begins his work with a much-needed primer on hostage-taking, its history, and its evolution in North America. He also includes outstanding background information on the social and political divisions between eastern and western Virginia, which led to the creation of West Virginia as a separate state. Gooden persuasively argues that these divisions had a direct role in creating an environment where taking hostages would emerge during wartime extremes. West Virginia passed a formal hostage law in 1863, but even before that, hostage-taking occurred during cavalry raids, security sweeps, and guerrilla attacks as the region was home to much early campaigning when the war began in 1861. These types of events directly led to the formal hostage law, as the Unionist counties that broke off to form West Virginia pointed to actions such as the Confederate Jones-Imboden raid of April–May 1863 as proof that a hostage law was a necessity. Thus, advocates of West Virginia’s own separate statehood often were advocates of hostage-taking as a necessary wartime measure as well. The hostage law allowed for the retaliatory taking of hostages seized in exchange for pro-Union civilian hostages, but it also permitted the arrest of suspected disloyal persons.</p> <p>The real strength of Gooden’s work (and this should come as no surprise since the author also served as the assistant curator of the West Virginia and Regional History Collection) is the focus on individual case histories, which serve as examples for the larger issues at play. By focusing on case histories, Gooden shows how and why certain people were targeted to be arrested as hostages and also shows the delicate balancing act between federal and state powers in West Virginia. The book delves slightly into the postwar years as well, where Gooden surveys the
{"title":"The Governor's Pawns: Hostages and Hostage-Taking in Civil War West Virginia By Randall S. Gooden (review)","authors":"Thomas W. Robinson","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925468","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Governor’s Pawns: Hostages and Hostage-Taking in Civil War West Virginia</em> By Randall S. Gooden <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Thomas W. Robinson </li> </ul> <em>The Governor’s Pawns: Hostages and Hostage-Taking in Civil War West Virginia</em>. By Randall S. Gooden. Interpreting the Civil War. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2023. Pp. xxii, 250. $55.00, ISBN 978-1-60635-457-5.) <p>After decades of writing and thousands of books on the topic, it is hard to believe that one can find a subject largely absent from general Civil War histories. But Randall S. Gooden has accomplished such a feat with this excellent history of hostage-taking in West Virginia. Gooden, a West Virginia native, focuses on his home state because, while hostage-taking was a common tactic throughout the history of warfare and was utilized by both sides during the Civil War, hostage-taking in West Virginia was unique: it was an official state program, codified in state law and administered by the governor.</p> <p>Gooden begins his work with a much-needed primer on hostage-taking, its history, and its evolution in North America. He also includes outstanding background information on the social and political divisions between eastern and western Virginia, which led to the creation of West Virginia as a separate state. Gooden persuasively argues that these divisions had a direct role in creating an environment where taking hostages would emerge during wartime extremes. West Virginia passed a formal hostage law in 1863, but even before that, hostage-taking occurred during cavalry raids, security sweeps, and guerrilla attacks as the region was home to much early campaigning when the war began in 1861. These types of events directly led to the formal hostage law, as the Unionist counties that broke off to form West Virginia pointed to actions such as the Confederate Jones-Imboden raid of April–May 1863 as proof that a hostage law was a necessity. Thus, advocates of West Virginia’s own separate statehood often were advocates of hostage-taking as a necessary wartime measure as well. The hostage law allowed for the retaliatory taking of hostages seized in exchange for pro-Union civilian hostages, but it also permitted the arrest of suspected disloyal persons.</p> <p>The real strength of Gooden’s work (and this should come as no surprise since the author also served as the assistant curator of the West Virginia and Regional History Collection) is the focus on individual case histories, which serve as examples for the larger issues at play. By focusing on case histories, Gooden shows how and why certain people were targeted to be arrested as hostages and also shows the delicate balancing act between federal and state powers in West Virginia. The book delves slightly into the postwar years as well, where Gooden surveys the ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925458
Miriam Rich
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em> by Felicity M. Turner <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Miriam Rich </li> </ul> <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em>. By Felicity M. Turner. Gender and American Culture. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xviii, 228. Paper, $29.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-6970-0; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-6969-4.) <p>In <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em>, Felicity M. Turner offers a compelling and innovative examination of infanticide cases in the nineteenth-century United States. Turner persuasively identifies knowledge and authority as key themes in this history, revealing how suspected infanticide cases implicated competing assertions of control over knowledge about bodies and reproduction. Turner frames “[k]nowledge of pregnancy and child birth” as “a form of personal property” that initially belonged to women (p. 8). She argues that this property was later claimed by white male professionals as part of a broader late-nineteenth-century assertion of medical and legal authority over women’s bodies.</p> <p>The opening chapters focus on investigations of infanticide in the first half of the nineteenth century. Turner shows that early-nineteenth-century inquests reflected a widespread recognition of women’s (particularly midwives’ and older married women’s) expertise in the examination and interpretation of bodies and childbearing, though this recognition was modulated by hierarchies of race, class, and familial position. Turner details how white and Black <strong>[End Page 422]</strong> women of varying social and legal statuses participated in investigations of infanticide. While white male physicians also participated in antebellum inquests, they did not hold exclusive authority. The middle chapters shift the focus to broader cultural and political meanings of infanticide. The third chapter charts how competing antebellum narratives of infanticide were deployed both to oppose and to defend slavery, while the fourth chapter explores how popular and legal rhetoric cast infanticide “as a crime associated with Blackness” in the Reconstruction era (p. 106). The last chapters examine the ascendancy of professional medical authority in later nineteenth-century legal settings, exploring how infanticide investigations increasingly privileged “the expertise of white male medical professionals” on matters of pregnancy and childbearing (p. 133). The final chapter analyzes Reconstruction-era assertions of medical authority over the interpretation of women’s bodies and minds.</p> <p>Turner’s archival source base prominently includes nineteenth-century coroners’ inquests and court cases, primarily from Conn
{"title":"Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America by Felicity M. Turner (review)","authors":"Miriam Rich","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925458","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em> by Felicity M. Turner <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Miriam Rich </li> </ul> <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em>. By Felicity M. Turner. Gender and American Culture. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xviii, 228. Paper, $29.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-6970-0; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-6969-4.) <p>In <em>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</em>, Felicity M. Turner offers a compelling and innovative examination of infanticide cases in the nineteenth-century United States. Turner persuasively identifies knowledge and authority as key themes in this history, revealing how suspected infanticide cases implicated competing assertions of control over knowledge about bodies and reproduction. Turner frames “[k]nowledge of pregnancy and child birth” as “a form of personal property” that initially belonged to women (p. 8). She argues that this property was later claimed by white male professionals as part of a broader late-nineteenth-century assertion of medical and legal authority over women’s bodies.</p> <p>The opening chapters focus on investigations of infanticide in the first half of the nineteenth century. Turner shows that early-nineteenth-century inquests reflected a widespread recognition of women’s (particularly midwives’ and older married women’s) expertise in the examination and interpretation of bodies and childbearing, though this recognition was modulated by hierarchies of race, class, and familial position. Turner details how white and Black <strong>[End Page 422]</strong> women of varying social and legal statuses participated in investigations of infanticide. While white male physicians also participated in antebellum inquests, they did not hold exclusive authority. The middle chapters shift the focus to broader cultural and political meanings of infanticide. The third chapter charts how competing antebellum narratives of infanticide were deployed both to oppose and to defend slavery, while the fourth chapter explores how popular and legal rhetoric cast infanticide “as a crime associated with Blackness” in the Reconstruction era (p. 106). The last chapters examine the ascendancy of professional medical authority in later nineteenth-century legal settings, exploring how infanticide investigations increasingly privileged “the expertise of white male medical professionals” on matters of pregnancy and childbearing (p. 133). The final chapter analyzes Reconstruction-era assertions of medical authority over the interpretation of women’s bodies and minds.</p> <p>Turner’s archival source base prominently includes nineteenth-century coroners’ inquests and court cases, primarily from Conn","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925452
Lucas P. Kelley
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em> by Maria O’Malley <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Lucas P. Kelley </li> </ul> <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em>. By Maria O’Malley. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. xii, 230. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7848-5.) <p>In <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em>, Maria O’Malley analyzes five eighteenth-and nineteenth-century <strong>[End Page 413]</strong> literary works that reveal women’s engagement with the processes of empire in North America. The texts’ authors, notes O’Malley, all “assert an imagined world in an attempt to wrest power from the prerogatives of empire building to provide an imagined ontology of power for women as they escape patriarchal systems” (p. 15). More than simply creating an imaginary literary realm, these authors offered their own alternative future of the United States, or settler colonialism more generally, which allowed them to “reckon with the various power loci within empires and the ambivalent role of women who negotiate between their own subordinate position and sovereignty over others” (p. 3). O’Malley’s close reading of the five texts demonstrates how women’s engagement with empire-building varied based on historical context and their individual identity.</p> <p>The book’s first four chapters explore works of fiction. O’Malley begins by analyzing <em>The Female American</em>, published in 1767 by an unknown author. The text encouraged readers to imagine how English colonization might have taken place with women in charge through its story of a shipwrecked, mixed-race woman of English and Indigenous ancestry and her effort to convert Native people to Christianity. <em>The Female American</em>, notes O’Malley, “reterritorializes women’s role in empire building while simultaneously charting the fears women’s agency inspires” (p. 17). Fear is a common point of emphasis in scholarly interpretations of the Haitian Revolution. Yet in her analysis of Leonora Sansay’s <em>Secret History: or, The Horrors of St. Domingo</em> (1808) in chapter 2, O’Malley highlights the “rhetorical power” presented by Black revolutionaries as they articulated the possibilities of an independent Haiti as well as the “sexual power” that Black women employed to challenge French rule (pp. 53, 54). Chapter 3 returns to colonial America with its focus on Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s <em>Hope Leslie: A Tale of Massachusetts</em>, which chronicles how the settler household advanced English colonization through the text’s interpretation of conflict between New England Puritans and the region’s Indigenous inhabitants. O’Malley’s concept of alternate futures is especially evident here, for Sedgwick
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： 想象中的帝国：Maria O'Malley Lucas P. Kelley Imaginary Empires：早期美国文学中的女作家和另类未来》。作者：玛丽亚-奥马利。(巴吞鲁日：路易斯安那州立大学出版社，2023 年。Pp.45.00美元，ISBN 978-0-8071-7848-5）。想象中的帝国》（In Imaginary Empires：Maria O'Malley 分析了五部十八和十九世纪 [尾页 413]的文学作品，这些作品揭示了女性参与北美帝国进程的情况。O'Malley 指出，这些作品的作者都 "坚持一个想象中的世界，试图从帝国建设的特权中夺取权力，为女性提供一个想象中的权力本体，因为她们摆脱了父权制"（第 15 页）。这些作家不仅创造了一个想象中的文学领域，还为美国或更广泛的殖民定居主义提供了自己的另一种未来，这使他们能够 "思考帝国内部的各种权力定位，以及女性在自己的从属地位和对他人的主权之间的矛盾角色"（第 3 页）。O'Malley 通过对五篇文本的细读，展示了女性如何根据历史背景和个人身份参与帝国建设。本书的前四章探讨了小说作品。O'Malley 首先分析了《美国女性》，该书出版于 1767 年，作者不详。该书通过讲述一位遭遇海难的英国和土著混血女性以及她努力让土著人皈依基督教的故事，鼓励读者想象英国殖民统治是如何在女性掌权的情况下进行的。奥马利指出，《美国女性》"将女性在帝国建设中的角色重新领土化，同时描绘了女性机构所激发的恐惧"（第 17 页）。恐惧是学术界解读海地革命的一个共同重点。然而，在第 2 章对 Leonora Sansay 的《秘史：或圣多明各的恐怖》（1808 年）的分析中，O'Malley 强调了黑人革命者在阐述海地独立的可能性时所展现的 "修辞力量"，以及黑人妇女用来挑战法国统治的 "性力量"（第 53 和 54 页）。第 3 章回到美国殖民时期，重点关注凯瑟琳-玛丽亚-塞奇威克（Catharine Maria Sedgwick）的《希望-莱斯利：马萨诸塞州的故事》（Hope Leslie: A Tale of Massachusetts），该书通过对新英格兰清教徒与该地区土著居民之间冲突的解读，记录了定居者家庭如何推进英国殖民化。奥马利的 "另一种未来 "概念在此体现得尤为明显，因为塞奇威克出版《希望-莱斯利》的时间是 1827 年，当时许多美国人正在争论印第安人的迁移问题。O'Malley 认为，塞奇威克试图 "塑造一种态度，将原住民的经历融入美国人的故事中"（第 82 页）。奥马利在第 4 章中提出了类似的观点，他展示了莉迪亚-玛丽亚-柴尔德（Lydia Maria Child）的《共和国罗曼史》（Romance of the Republic，1867 年）如何想象战后的美国，在那里，通过异族通婚而结合在一起的混血儿可能成为国家未来帝国主义的推动力。奥马利在本书最后一章对哈丽雅特-雅各布斯（Harriet Jacobs）的《女奴生活中的事件》（Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl）进行了分析，美国南方历史学家对此会特别感兴趣。奥马利提出了一个令人信服的观点，即《事件》应被视为一部关于想象力、未来性和帝国的作品。雅各布斯创造了一个想象中的马萨诸塞州，以获得对奴役她的人的权力，同时，她也在废奴主义的北方阐述了一个未来完美的地方，但当雅各布斯在纽约和波士顿开始生活时，这种期望却幻灭了。此外，奥马利认为，雅各布斯 "对一个分裂的美国的描述，对一个向往帝国强权的统一国家的概念提出了质疑"（第 19 页）。大多数历史学家阅读《事件》是为了了解性别是如何影响被奴役者的经历的，但奥马利展示了 [完 414 页] 对文本的文学分析是如何产生新的理解的，这应该影响历史学家如何教授和解读雅各布斯的著作。想象中的帝国》是一个有价值的提醒，提醒历史学家应该参与文学批评，以便更好地理解历史行为者。
{"title":"Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature by Maria O'Malley (review)","authors":"Lucas P. Kelley","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925452","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em> by Maria O’Malley <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Lucas P. Kelley </li> </ul> <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em>. By Maria O’Malley. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023. Pp. xii, 230. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8071-7848-5.) <p>In <em>Imaginary Empires: Women Writers and Alternative Futures in Early US Literature</em>, Maria O’Malley analyzes five eighteenth-and nineteenth-century <strong>[End Page 413]</strong> literary works that reveal women’s engagement with the processes of empire in North America. The texts’ authors, notes O’Malley, all “assert an imagined world in an attempt to wrest power from the prerogatives of empire building to provide an imagined ontology of power for women as they escape patriarchal systems” (p. 15). More than simply creating an imaginary literary realm, these authors offered their own alternative future of the United States, or settler colonialism more generally, which allowed them to “reckon with the various power loci within empires and the ambivalent role of women who negotiate between their own subordinate position and sovereignty over others” (p. 3). O’Malley’s close reading of the five texts demonstrates how women’s engagement with empire-building varied based on historical context and their individual identity.</p> <p>The book’s first four chapters explore works of fiction. O’Malley begins by analyzing <em>The Female American</em>, published in 1767 by an unknown author. The text encouraged readers to imagine how English colonization might have taken place with women in charge through its story of a shipwrecked, mixed-race woman of English and Indigenous ancestry and her effort to convert Native people to Christianity. <em>The Female American</em>, notes O’Malley, “reterritorializes women’s role in empire building while simultaneously charting the fears women’s agency inspires” (p. 17). Fear is a common point of emphasis in scholarly interpretations of the Haitian Revolution. Yet in her analysis of Leonora Sansay’s <em>Secret History: or, The Horrors of St. Domingo</em> (1808) in chapter 2, O’Malley highlights the “rhetorical power” presented by Black revolutionaries as they articulated the possibilities of an independent Haiti as well as the “sexual power” that Black women employed to challenge French rule (pp. 53, 54). Chapter 3 returns to colonial America with its focus on Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s <em>Hope Leslie: A Tale of Massachusetts</em>, which chronicles how the settler household advanced English colonization through the text’s interpretation of conflict between New England Puritans and the region’s Indigenous inhabitants. O’Malley’s concept of alternate futures is especially evident here, for Sedgwick ","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140634429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：