Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925444
Heather Miyano Kopelson
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South</em> by Alejandra Dubcovsky <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Heather Miyano Kopelson </li> </ul> <em>Talking Back: Native Women and the Making of the Early South</em>. By Alejandra Dubcovsky. (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 263. $38.00, ISBN 978-0-300-26612-2.) <p>The core argument of this book is that Native women were (and are) at the center of their communities, that they held power in what is now the U.S. South during the key period of 1670–1710 even as the Spanish established a few small settlements, and that they continued to hold power in the region afterward. Alejandra Dubcovsky skillfully weaves relevant philosophies and art from Indigenous intellectuals and artists with her historical analysis to show continuities between the past and present. The first half of the book delves into women and gender in a Native world that remained strong in the face of intensifying slave raiding linked to colonization efforts by the English and the Spanish, while the second half analyzes women during and after Queen Anne’s War, particularly the 1702 English siege of San Agustín.</p> <p>The book begins with a painstaking reconstruction of the life of a murder victim, unnamed in the colonial Spanish record, who nonetheless held power in her community. Her tribe, the Chacatos, was forced to relocate several times to avoid slave raiders, whose seizures of young women threatened demographic collapse and starvation. Despite this upheaval, the case of this “Yndia Chacata” demonstrates how Native women had political, economic, and spiritual power in the Native world (p. 15). They were not usually chiefs, but a chief’s power depended on his matrilineal claims. All wives dictated where their husbands lived and worked, chiefs or not. This knowledge changes the interpretation of what the Spanish dubbed the Chacato Revolt into an assertion of political and cultural autonomy, in which the Chacatos expelled Franciscan missionaries who had violently tried to enforce patriarchy and new religious practices. Dubcovsky also details the political and social acumen that Native, African, and African-descended women required in order to forge an existence for themselves in colonial society. For example, Isavel de los Ríos, a free Black woman, used her business connections and knowledge of San Agustín to avoid shouldering the blame when two Apalachee men targeted her shop by paying with fake currency. <strong>[End Page 403]</strong></p> <p>The latter half of the book shows how Native women influenced Spanish military policy during the 1702 English siege of San Agustín’s Castillo de San Marcos. These women’s centrality within their communities compelled the Spanish governor to allow women and children to enter the previously male-dominated spa
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Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925471
Zebulon V. Miletsky
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em> by Jacqueline Jones <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Zebulon V. Miletsky </li> </ul> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>. By Jacqueline Jones. (New York: Basic Books, 2023. Pp. viii, 532. $35.00, ISBN 978-1-5416-1979-1.) <p>In 2015, a study completed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston determined that the median net worth of white households in Boston stood at $247,000, while the median net worth for Black households was only $8.00 (“The Color of Wealth in Boston,” bostonfed.org). In <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>, Jacqueline Jones gives us some of the reasons for this extreme economic disparity between white and Black Bostonians. In this magnificently researched work, Jones reconstructs a world that has been largely hidden from historians and scholars, one that has been realized through research prowess and sheer genius in the archives. She provides a more complete window into the work that Black Bostonians did—despite discrimination and prejudice—to advance Boston’s economy.</p> <p><em>No Right to an Honest Living</em> is a strong monograph unconstrained by convention. It is alive with a research-based narrative that paints unforgettable <strong>[End Page 439]</strong> imagery and is bolstered by unimpeachable brick-and-mortar evidence. Jones points out, for example, that the work of Black Bostonians took place within two distinct spheres, which were at the same time mutually reinforcing and antagonistic. These two domains, work in the legitimate economy and work in the so-called illegitimate economy, served as the primary venues for Black Bostonians’ toil during the Civil War. However, these two domains also served as the central tension and contradiction in the face of Boston’s presumed reputation as a place brimming with economic opportunity for African Americans. This inherent paradox is a thread that runs throughout the book, which Jones uses to show that Black Bostonians balanced their duality through creativity, ingenuity, and grit in the face of extreme difficulty.</p> <p>Boston’s story is also important because it contradicted the view of white southerners who believed that African Americans would not be able to function in a free-labor environment. As Jones writes in her now classic <em>Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present</em> (New York, 1985), “The Yankees’ vision of a free labor market, in which individual blacks used their wits to strike a favorable bargain with a prospective employer, struck the former Confederates as a ludicrous idea and an impossible objective” (p. 52). In <em>No Right to an Hones
{"title":"No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston's Black Workers in the Civil War Era by Jacqueline Jones (review)","authors":"Zebulon V. Miletsky","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925471","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em> by Jacqueline Jones <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Zebulon V. Miletsky </li> </ul> <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>. By Jacqueline Jones. (New York: Basic Books, 2023. Pp. viii, 532. $35.00, ISBN 978-1-5416-1979-1.) <p>In 2015, a study completed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston determined that the median net worth of white households in Boston stood at $247,000, while the median net worth for Black households was only $8.00 (“The Color of Wealth in Boston,” bostonfed.org). In <em>No Right to an Honest Living: The Struggles of Boston’s Black Workers in the Civil War Era</em>, Jacqueline Jones gives us some of the reasons for this extreme economic disparity between white and Black Bostonians. In this magnificently researched work, Jones reconstructs a world that has been largely hidden from historians and scholars, one that has been realized through research prowess and sheer genius in the archives. She provides a more complete window into the work that Black Bostonians did—despite discrimination and prejudice—to advance Boston’s economy.</p> <p><em>No Right to an Honest Living</em> is a strong monograph unconstrained by convention. It is alive with a research-based narrative that paints unforgettable <strong>[End Page 439]</strong> imagery and is bolstered by unimpeachable brick-and-mortar evidence. Jones points out, for example, that the work of Black Bostonians took place within two distinct spheres, which were at the same time mutually reinforcing and antagonistic. These two domains, work in the legitimate economy and work in the so-called illegitimate economy, served as the primary venues for Black Bostonians’ toil during the Civil War. However, these two domains also served as the central tension and contradiction in the face of Boston’s presumed reputation as a place brimming with economic opportunity for African Americans. This inherent paradox is a thread that runs throughout the book, which Jones uses to show that Black Bostonians balanced their duality through creativity, ingenuity, and grit in the face of extreme difficulty.</p> <p>Boston’s story is also important because it contradicted the view of white southerners who believed that African Americans would not be able to function in a free-labor environment. As Jones writes in her now classic <em>Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow: Black Women, Work, and the Family from Slavery to the Present</em> (New York, 1985), “The Yankees’ vision of a free labor market, in which individual blacks used their wits to strike a favorable bargain with a prospective employer, struck the former Confederates as a ludicrous idea and an impossible objective” (p. 52). In <em>No Right to an Hones","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925476
Jim Casey
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em> ed. by Andre E. Johnson <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Jim Casey </li> </ul> <em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em>. Edited by Andre E. Johnson. Margaret Walker Alexander Series in African American Studies. (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2023. Pp. x, 201. Paper, $30.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4386-9; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4968-4385-2.) <p><em>The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner: The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit</em>, edited by Andre E. Johnson, is a “long overdue” collection of speeches, sermons, and editorials by one of the late-nineteenth-century United States’ most prolific, influential, and largely forgotten figures (p. 5). Henry McNeal Turner spent much of his life in service of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, but his ministry extended across many different arenas and eras. He was a chaplain in the Union army during the U.S. Civil War, and he was deeply immersed in building the postbellum AME Church across the South. He was a politician and political activist who spent a half century fighting for Black citizenship, civil rights, and emigration. Turner gave thousands of speeches, drafted even more letters, and wrote nonstop for the Black religious press. Such a career almost defies being reconciled into any one profession or historical period.</p> <p>Johnson has impressively selected for this volume a representative sampling of Turner’s extensive career. The book is organized chronologically. It is effectively an oratorical biography, making it possible to see Turner developing and refining his arguments. This book has two brief introductions and light endnotes. It would be suitable for courses on Black social movements, civil rights, religious history, and intellectual history.</p> <p>The first half of the book covers the Civil War and Reconstruction eras. Turner moved to Georgia, where his Emancipation Day speech on January 1, 1866, helped bring the young minister political notoriety. Though he was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1868, he was expelled along with nearly all Black elected officials in Georgia later that year. The expulsion inspired Turner’s “I Claim the Rights of a Man” speech, which Johnson frames as “probably one of the finest orations in American history” (p. 48). The oration offers a cross section of Turner’s speaking powers and techniques, blending history, satire, and prophetic condemnations. God, Turner reminded his audience, “never fails to vindicate the cause of Justice” (p. 48).</p> <p>The second half of the book focuses on Turner’s many speeches in AME Church conferences and congregations from 1880 to 1913. Some discussed the responsibilities of ministers. Others delved
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： 亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳主教的演讲》：安德烈-约翰逊（Andre E. Johnson）、吉姆-凯西（Jim Casey）编著的《亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳主教的演讲：新闻、讲坛和讲坛》（The Speeches of Bishop Henry McNeal Turner：新闻界、演讲台和讲坛。安德烈-E.-约翰逊编辑。玛格丽特-沃克-亚历山大非裔美国人研究丛书》。(杰克逊：杰克逊：密西西比大学出版社，2023 年。x, 201页。纸质版，30.00 美元，ISBN 978-1-4968-4386-9；布质版，99.00 美元，ISBN 978-1-4968-4385-2）。亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳主教的演讲：安德烈-约翰逊（Andre E. Johnson）编辑的《亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳主教的演讲：新闻界、讲台和讲坛》（The Press, the Platform, and the Pulpit）是一本 "早该出版 "的演讲、布道和社论集，收录的是 19 世纪晚期美国最多产、最有影响力、却在很大程度上被遗忘的人物之一的演讲（第 5 页）。亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳一生大部分时间都在为非洲卫理公会 (AME) 教会服务，但他的事工跨越了许多不同的领域和时代。在美国内战期间，他是联邦军队的一名牧师，并深深地沉浸于在整个南方建立战后非洲卫理公会教会的事业中。他还是一位政治家和政治活动家，在长达半个世纪的时间里，他一直在为黑人公民权、民权和移民问题而奋斗。特纳发表了数千次演讲，起草了更多信件，并不停地为黑人宗教媒体撰稿。这样的职业生涯几乎无法归入任何一个行业或历史时期。约翰逊为本书精选了特纳广泛职业生涯中具有代表性的部分，令人印象深刻。本书按时间顺序编排。这实际上是一部演说家传记，使我们有可能看到透纳发展和完善其论点的过程。本书有两篇简短的导言和简短的尾注。本书适用于有关黑人社会运动、民权、宗教史和思想史的课程。本书的前半部分涉及内战和重建时期。特纳搬到了佐治亚州，他在 1866 年 1 月 1 日解放日的演讲让这位年轻的牧师在政治上声名鹊起。虽然他在 1868 年当选为佐治亚州众议员，但同年晚些时候，他与佐治亚州几乎所有黑人民选官员一起被驱逐。这次驱逐激发了特纳 "我要求一个人的权利 "的演讲，约翰逊将其称为 "可能是美国历史上最出色的演讲之一"（第 48 页）。这篇演说充分展现了特纳的演讲能力和技巧，将历史、讽刺和预言性的谴责融为一体。特纳提醒他的听众，上帝 "从不辜负正义的事业"（第 48 页）。本书的后半部分主要介绍了特纳从 1880 年到 1913 年在美国穆斯林教会会议和会众中发表的许多演讲。其中一些演讲讨论了牧师的责任。还有一些则深入探讨了美国穆斯林教会的组织政策。本书的最后，年迈的特纳在 1913 年发表了一篇关于月球和种族问题的沉思，格外令人深思。[本卷的一个特别之处在于约翰逊对特纳在有色人种大会运动中的演讲的关注。本书汇集了特纳在 1869 年、1875 年、1879 年和 1893 年黑人州、地区和全国大会上的演讲。从内战后的乐观主义到十九世纪七十年代呼吁集体自卫，再到后来推动南部黑人社区移民非洲，这些大会演讲点缀了特纳数十年来的思想。这些演讲让特纳有机会辩论合法公民身份的必要性，以及在缺乏社会平等的情况下公民权利的局限性。他认为，如果 "我们虚伪的政府无法保护自己的公民"，那么南方的黑人社区就应该向政府请愿，要求适当的赔偿--据他估计，"四百亿美金"--然后离开这个国家（第 109 和 111 页）。约翰逊的这本重要文集功不可没。亨利-麦克尼尔-特纳主教的演讲》将向学生和学者们介绍特纳深邃的演说和观点。在这本文集的最后，人们不禁要问，为什么特纳一生都在思考、演讲和煽动美国种族正义和民权运动的兴衰，却没有为更多人所熟知。这或许表明，我们在黑人问题上还有很多工作要做。
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Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925443
Matthew Kruer
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em> by Brooke M. Bauer <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Matthew Kruer </li> </ul> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>. By Brooke M. Bauer. Indians and Southern History. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xviii, 245. $54.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2143-7.) <p>In <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>, an important and methodologically innovative book, Brooke M. Bauer writes a history of Catawba women, and in doing so she rewrites Catawba history and the history of the Native South. Through archaeological analysis, fresh approaches to familiar sources, and insights drawn from language and storytelling, Bauer persuasively argues that women were central to the creation of Catawba Nation and its continuity through centuries of upheaval.</p> <p>Bauer’s methodology skillfully combines ethnohistory with techniques from Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS). Her ethnohistorical work is first-rate, displaying equal facility with material culture and colonial texts. She intersperses these analyses with stories, both traditional and personal. For example, she uses the First Woman creation story as evidence that women were central to the Catawba worldview; similarly, she connects the Indian slave trade to the origin of the mischievous, child-stealing “Little Wild Indians”—stories Bauer’s mother told her as a girl to warn about the consequences of misbehavior (p. 71). Bauer amply proves that storytelling is a powerful tool of analysis.</p> <p>In another NAIS technique, Bauer grounds interpretations in the Catawba language. She introduces words ranging from simple objects (<em>ituskre</em>, pot) to complex concepts (<em>y</em><em>ę</em><em>pasiha yá ki</em>, a woman of poor character doomed to the Under World) (pp. 122, 68). In Bauer’s hands, even simple words illuminate. For example, she relates how contemporary women’s usage of <em>ituskre</em> shows that crafting pottery plays a central role in the maintenance of Catawba identity and its transmission to the next generation—in other words, to Catawba Nation’s continuity. Bauer powerfully argues that stories and language are necessary to “decolonize the archival material” because “personal and tribal knowledge unlocks voices silenced for hundreds of years” (p. 12). Her deft combination of ethnohistory and NAIS produces insights into Catawba history that could only be possible from her emic perspective as a Catawba woman.</p> <p><em>Becoming Catawba</em> offers a history of Catawba Nation that corrects a historiography dominated by men. The opening portrays the gendered world of the <em>Ye Isw</em><em>ą</em> (“People of the River,” the Catawba ethnonym) and Piedmont Indians (diverse peoples, in
{"title":"Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840 by Brooke M. Bauer (review)","authors":"Matthew Kruer","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925443","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em> by Brooke M. Bauer <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Matthew Kruer </li> </ul> <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>. By Brooke M. Bauer. Indians and Southern History. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xviii, 245. $54.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2143-7.) <p>In <em>Becoming Catawba: Catawba Indian Women and Nation-Building, 1540–1840</em>, an important and methodologically innovative book, Brooke M. Bauer writes a history of Catawba women, and in doing so she rewrites Catawba history and the history of the Native South. Through archaeological analysis, fresh approaches to familiar sources, and insights drawn from language and storytelling, Bauer persuasively argues that women were central to the creation of Catawba Nation and its continuity through centuries of upheaval.</p> <p>Bauer’s methodology skillfully combines ethnohistory with techniques from Native American and Indigenous studies (NAIS). Her ethnohistorical work is first-rate, displaying equal facility with material culture and colonial texts. She intersperses these analyses with stories, both traditional and personal. For example, she uses the First Woman creation story as evidence that women were central to the Catawba worldview; similarly, she connects the Indian slave trade to the origin of the mischievous, child-stealing “Little Wild Indians”—stories Bauer’s mother told her as a girl to warn about the consequences of misbehavior (p. 71). Bauer amply proves that storytelling is a powerful tool of analysis.</p> <p>In another NAIS technique, Bauer grounds interpretations in the Catawba language. She introduces words ranging from simple objects (<em>ituskre</em>, pot) to complex concepts (<em>y</em><em>ę</em><em>pasiha yá ki</em>, a woman of poor character doomed to the Under World) (pp. 122, 68). In Bauer’s hands, even simple words illuminate. For example, she relates how contemporary women’s usage of <em>ituskre</em> shows that crafting pottery plays a central role in the maintenance of Catawba identity and its transmission to the next generation—in other words, to Catawba Nation’s continuity. Bauer powerfully argues that stories and language are necessary to “decolonize the archival material” because “personal and tribal knowledge unlocks voices silenced for hundreds of years” (p. 12). Her deft combination of ethnohistory and NAIS produces insights into Catawba history that could only be possible from her emic perspective as a Catawba woman.</p> <p><em>Becoming Catawba</em> offers a history of Catawba Nation that corrects a historiography dominated by men. The opening portrays the gendered world of the <em>Ye Isw</em><em>ą</em> (“People of the River,” the Catawba ethnonym) and Piedmont Indians (diverse peoples, in","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925473
Brendan J. J. Payne
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em> by Steve Longenecker <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Brendan J. J. Payne </li> </ul> <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause: The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em>. By Steve Longenecker. Religion and American Culture. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 257. $54.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2149-9.) <p>Steve Longenecker, professor of history emeritus at Bridgewater College and author of various other books on religion in the Civil War era, has produced yet another excellent addition to the field. <em>Pulpits of the Lost Cause</em>: <em>The Faith and Politics of Former Confederate Chaplains during Reconstruction</em> takes a deep dive into ten white former Confederate chaplains, the deepest such study to date. Longenecker somewhat affirms yet complicates Charles Reagan Wilson’s assertion that former Confederate chaplains were “the ‘main celebrants’ of the Lost Cause” (p. 2). The text also recasts the Lost Cause as a remarkably malleable ideology open to varied interpretations.</p> <p>More generally, the book strikes a nuanced balance in the old debate between scholars stressing the South’s homogeneity or heterogeneity. Longenecker’s book affirms a well-known aspect of human nature, that people can hold strongly to contradictory beliefs and compartmentalize different parts of their lives. Refreshingly, Longenecker explicitly notes that his subjects’ lives were varied and fascinating, multilayered and multifaceted—an implicit reminder that history is best at its most human.</p> <p>Longenecker not only sheds light on an underexamined part of the scholarly conversation on Lost Cause religion but also tells the story in a manner both neatly organized and pleasantly flowing. The introduction displays the casual mastery of topic and writing of a senior scholar, covering in a few pages the origins and development of the Lost Cause as well as the book’s major points and structure. Chapter 1 covers the general experience of Confederate chaplains during the Civil War, while the subsequent chapters trace the careers of his case studies. Some, like Moses Drury Hoge, George Gilman Smith, and John L. Girardeau were conventionally conservative Lost Cause preachers who best fit Charles Reagan Wilson’s description. Others, such as Lachlan C. Vass and Randolph H. McKim, were compartmentalizers, sometimes promoting the Lost Cause and at other times focusing on their congregations. Atticus G. Haygood, who promoted the New South, was an outlier for his limited promotion of racial <strong>[End Page 442]</strong> equality. William Porcher DuBose read liberal theology, while bishop Charles T. Quintard was a theologically conservative institution-builder, yet both shared
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： 失落事业的讲坛：失落事业的讲坛：重建期间前邦联牧师的信仰与政治》，史蒂夫-朗格纳克著，布伦丹-J-J-佩恩译：重建期间前邦联牧师的信仰与政治。作者：Steve Longenecker。宗教与美国文化》。(塔斯卡卢萨：阿拉巴马大学出版社，2023 年。第 xiv、257 页。54.95美元，ISBN 978-0-8173-2149-9）。Steve Longenecker 是布里奇沃特学院（Bridgewater College）的名誉历史教授，著有多部关于内战时期宗教的其他书籍。失落事业的讲坛》（Pulpits of the Lost Cause：重建期间前邦联牧师的信仰与政治》深入研究了十位白人前邦联牧师，是迄今为止最深入的此类研究。查尔斯-里根-威尔逊（Charles Reagan Wilson）曾断言，前邦联牧师是 "失落事业的'主要庆祝者'"（第 2 页），朗格纳克在某种程度上肯定了这一论断，但又将其复杂化。该书还将 "失去的事业 "重新塑造为一种极具延展性的意识形态，可接受各种不同的解释。更广泛地说，该书在学者们强调南方同质性或异质性的古老争论中取得了微妙的平衡。朗格纳克在书中肯定了人性中一个众所周知的方面，即人们会强烈坚持相互矛盾的信念，并将生活的不同部分分割开来。令人耳目一新的是，朗格纳克明确指出，他的研究对象的生活丰富多彩、引人入胜、多层次、多面性--这不言而喻地提醒我们，历史最能体现人性。朗格纳克不仅揭示了 "失落的事业 "宗教学术对话中未被充分研究的部分，还以条理清晰、行文流畅的方式讲述了这个故事。导言展现了一位资深学者对主题和写作的驾驭能力，用短短几页纸介绍了 "失落的事业 "的起源和发展，以及本书的要点和结构。第一章介绍了南北战争期间邦联牧师的一般经历，随后的章节则追溯了他的个案研究对象的职业生涯。其中一些人，如摩西-德鲁里-霍格（Moses Drury Hoge）、乔治-吉尔曼-史密斯（George Gilman Smith）和约翰-吉拉尔多（John L. Girardeau）是传统保守的 "失去的事业 "传教士，最符合查尔斯-里根-威尔逊的描述。其他传教士，如拉克伦-瓦斯（Lachlan C. Vass）和伦道夫-麦金（Randolph H. McKim），则是分门别类的传教士，他们有时宣传 "失落的事业"，有时则专注于自己的教众。宣传新南方的阿提克斯-海古德（Atticus G. Haygood）是个异类，因为他对种族[第442页完]平等的宣传有限。威廉-波彻-杜博斯（William Porcher DuBose）读的是自由主义神学，而查尔斯-T-昆塔德（Charles T. Quintard）主教则是神学上保守的机构建设者，但两人对 "失落的事业 "都持温和立场，并与田纳西州西瓦尼的南方大学有联系。与此同时，在南方浸信会神学院，神学上保守的约翰-A-布罗德斯（John A. Broadus）与他的同僚、前邦联牧师克劳福德-H-托伊（Crawford H. Toy）是亲密的朋友，直到后者转向神学现代主义，促使布罗德斯加入到成功解雇托伊的尝试中。结论指出，综合来看，这些故事显示了前邦联牧师如何对新南方、神学和促进失落事业表达了不同的观点。同时，种族主义（海古德除外）和对 "失落的事业 "的普遍支持将前邦联牧师紧密地联系在一起。该研究因其清晰而引人注目。朗格纳克习惯于在正文的括号附注中对重要术语立即做出简明扼要的定义，这一点尤其有益。他在第二页给保守主义下了定义，在第四页给公民宗教下了定义，在第五页给神学现代主义下了定义，然后在第六页到第十一页对 "失落的事业 "的主要论点进行了简洁的解释和驳斥。有些历史书籍对专业术语解释不足，让非专业人士感到恼火，而朗格纳克的文字读起来却如水晶般清晰。他的散文始终读来悦耳动听，偶尔还闪烁着火花。这本书的正文只有两百多页，篇幅也恰到好处，偶尔还配有图片，令人赏心悦目。虽然该书可以更多地收录女性和非白人的声音，但作者对前邦联牧师的关注似乎证明了这一限制是合理的。我衷心地向各个层次的读者推荐《失落的事业的讲坛》，包括内战课程的本科生...
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Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925486
Brian Suttell
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> by Beth Fowler <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Brian Suttell </li> </ul> <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> By Beth Fowler. (Lanham, Md., and other cities: Lexington Books, 2022. Pp. x, 362. Paper, $42.99, ISBN 978-1-7936-1387-5; cloth, $130.00, ISBN 978-1-7936-1385-1.) <p>Beth Fowler provides historical and social insights in <em>Rock and Roll, Desegregation Movements, and Racism in the Post–Civil Rights Era: An “Integrated Effort.”</em> The heart of her research is interviews from forty-five individuals, whose reflections on their experiences related to race and rock and roll illuminate both the subjects’ history and Fowler’s analysis. In assessing seemingly distinct yet interrelated topics, Fowler effectively delivers the historical context, and her skillful framing of the interviewees’ responses carries her subjects’ complexity.</p> <p>Fowler offers nuanced yet clear arguments, such as “the focus on individual achievement that was so crucial to integration strategies also urged many white supporters to embrace a ‘color-blind’ approach to race relations rather than recognizing the need for group-based solutions to structural problems” (p. 9). She demonstrates broad patterns in music and in desegregation, as well <strong>[End Page 459]</strong> as their interrelatedness, without overstating connections. She points out that crossover records (appealing to different styles) were hitting <em>Billboard</em> charts concurrently with civil rights developments such as the <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em> (1954) decision and the Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott. Much of her analysis emphasizes the limits of the seeming racial progress of things such as white youth embracing music by Black musicians or the apparently decreasing discrimination in the music industry. “But this ‘integration’ of popular culture through crossover records,” she states, “would not ultimately lead to the fundamental investigation of structural white supremacy that deeper change would require” (p. 75).</p> <p>One strength of the book is its balance between explaining the impact of key musicians and using interviewee responses to reflect societal shifts. Fowler utilizes quotations from John Lennon and Mick Jagger to highlight the impact that R&B had on them, but she then provides reflections from interviewees. She addresses the influence of Black musicians such as Little Richard, Fats Domino, and Chuck Berry whose sounds were often emulated or covered by white artists. Some of her most insightful analysis suggests how lyrics were affected by the context of the times, as in the Coasters’ “Charlie Brown” pondering, “Why’s everybody always
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Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925466
David T. Gleeson
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em> by Victoria E. Ott <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> David T. Gleeson </li> </ul> <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em>. By Victoria E. Ott. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2023. Pp. xiv, 209. $49.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-2147-5.) <p>Victoria E. Ott seeks to understand the role of family in the lives of Alabama’s “common whites” (those who, for the most part, did not own slaves) and in their relationship with the Confederacy (p. 2). <em>The Failure of Our Fathers: Family, Gender, and Power in Confederate Alabama</em> takes readers through prewar, wartime, and postwar experiences to highlight that “family remained the central focus” of these common whites (p. 175). Loyalty to their state and its participation in the Civil War ebbed and flowed depending on the conflict’s effect on their families. Despite most not having a direct interest in slavery, the majority supported the Confederacy. As Stephanie McCurry has discovered in South Carolina, Ott finds in Alabama that the “shared belief [between elite and non-elite white southerners] that outsiders threatened to undermine their liberties, invade their communities, and, in the process, harm their families brought poor whites and yeomen to join the [secessionist] cause” (p. 5).</p> <p>These new Confederates, however, expected substantial support from the state and central governments in return, especially proper treatment (equipment, food, pay, and so on) in the army and support for their families left at home. For these soldiers, as mostly nonslaveholders, departing for war meant a <strong>[End Page 433]</strong> serious removal of labor from farms. Ott clearly shows that as Confederate authorities failed to meet expectations of aid, patriotism waned. First, soldiers and their families at home complained to each other, and eventually to government officials, about their hardships. The Confederate government’s introduction of conscription in April 1862 brought a further loss of agricultural labor and of important skilled workers such as millers and blacksmiths. Revisions to conscription through the rest of the war, especially expanding the age range for compulsory military service (more so than the exemptions for overseers who supervised more than twenty slaves), raised discontent among non-elite white Alabamians. The Confederate “tax-in-kind” law, which obliged producers to give up 10 percent of their “agricultural products,” only exacerbated resentment (p. 125). With families already facing serious food shortages, the extra levy made their lives even more difficult. There were some private and public phil-anthropic efforts to help soldiers’ wives, but they were never sufficient to ease all distress. Many common white A
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Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925492
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Historical News and Notices <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <h2>THE ASSOCIATION</h2> <p>The Blassingame Award Committee, composed of Deirdre Cooper Owens, University of Connecticut, chair; Bertis D. English, Alabama State University; and Françoise N. Hamlin, Brown University, is calling for nominations for the John W. Blassingame Award, established in 2004 to honor distinguished scholarship and mentorship in African American history. In order to nominate a candidate for the award, a letter describing the person’s accomplishments should be sent by email to berrys@thesha.org by June 1, 2024, when it will be forwarded to committee members. Two supporting letters should accompany each nomination.</p> <p>For nominations involving a primary role of mentoring, the committee particularly welcomes letters from students, either graduate or undergraduate. Nominees from all areas of the academic community, including those from community/junior colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and research universities, are welcome. Nominees will be considered based on distinguished careers as mentors of African American studies, personal scholarly accomplishments, or some combination of both qualities. The award consists of a $1,000 stipend, and is awarded every third year. The next award will be given at the 2024 annual meeting in Kansas City, Missouri.</p> <p>The Junior Scholars Workshop is a program to support and encourage advanced graduate students and recent graduates working in all fields of southern history, as well as to provide a space for SHA members to connect outside the annual meeting. Workshops take place on Zoom. The papers will be circulated in advance, and the hour’s program will consist of a brief introduction by the author and comments by two senior scholars, with the rest of the time devoted to audience questions and discussion. For updates on the schedule of papers, please visit https://www.thesha.org/workshop. To register to receive the precirculated papers and the Zoom link, please fill out the form at https://forms.gle/zbm1yM1f6aAFfHKKA. The Junior Scholars Workshop is sponsored by the SHA Professional Development Committee.</p> <h2>OBITUARY</h2> <p>Charles Pierce Roland, Alumni Professor of History, emeritus, at the University of Kentucky, died at the age of 104 on April 12, 2022. A noted historian of the American South and the Civil War era, he served as president of the Southern Historical Association in 1981.</p> <p>Born in Maury City, Tennessee, on April 8, 1918, Roland was the son and grandson of educators. He spent two years at Freed-Hardeman College in Henderson, Tennessee, before enrolling at Vanderbilt University in 1936. There he studied under Frank L. Owsley and graduated in 1938. He taught high school before joining the National Park Service in 1940. Inducted into the army in January 1942, he r
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要： 历史新闻和公告 协会 布拉辛格姆奖委员会由康涅狄格大学的 Deirdre Cooper Owens（主席）、阿拉巴马州立大学的 Bertis D. English 和布朗大学的 Françoise N. Hamlin 组成，现征集 John W. Blassingame 奖提名。若要提名该奖项候选人，请在 2024 年 6 月 1 日前将一封介绍候选人成就的信件通过电子邮件发送到 berrys@thesha.org，届时将转发给委员会成员。每项提名应附两封证明信。对于以指导为主要职责的提名，委员会尤其欢迎研究生或本科生的来信。欢迎来自学术界各个领域的被提名者，包括来自社区/初级学院、历史悠久的黑人学院和大学以及研究型大学的被提名者。被提名者将根据其作为非裔美国人研究导师的杰出职业生涯、个人学术成就或这两种品质的某种组合进行考虑。该奖项每三年颁发一次，奖金为 1000 美元。下一个奖项将于 2024 年在密苏里州堪萨斯城举行的年会上颁发。青年学者工作坊是一项旨在支持和鼓励在南方历史各个领域工作的高年级研究生和应届毕业生的计划，同时也为学会会员提供了一个在年会之外进行交流的空间。研讨会在 Zoom 上举行。论文将提前分发，一小时的活动包括作者的简短介绍和两位资深学者的评论，其余时间用于听众提问和讨论。有关论文日程的最新信息，请访问 https://www.thesha.org/workshop。如需注册接收预发论文和 Zoom 链接，请填写 https://forms.gle/zbm1yM1f6aAFfHKKA 上的表格。青年学者研讨会由民政科学局专业发展委员会主办。肯塔基大学历史系名誉校友教授查尔斯-皮尔斯-罗兰（Charles Pierce Roland）于2022年4月12日去世，享年104岁。他是美国南方和南北战争时期的著名历史学家，曾于 1981 年担任南方历史协会主席。罗兰于 1918 年 4 月 8 日出生于田纳西州莫里市，是教育家的儿子和孙子。他在田纳西州亨德森的弗里德-哈德曼学院学习了两年，1936 年进入范德堡大学学习。在那里，他师从弗兰克-欧斯利（Frank L. Owsley），并于 1938 年毕业。在 1940 年加入国家公园管理局之前，他曾在高中任教。他于 1942 年 1 月入伍，晋升为第 99 步兵师上尉，曾在比利时和德国参加战斗，并获得铜星勋章和紫心勋章。二战结束后，他回到了国家公园管理局。[1947年，罗兰首先在乔治华盛顿大学攻读研究生课程，但很快又进入路易斯安那州立大学学习。威利共事，后来又与弗朗西斯-巴特勒-辛金斯共事；1951 年，罗兰获得博士学位。朝鲜战争期间，他被征召入伍，在华盛顿特区协助陆军首席历史学家编写《二战中的美国陆军》系列丛书。1952 年秋，罗兰加入杜兰大学历史系，在那里工作了 18 年，1970 年转到肯塔基大学任教，直到 1988 年退休。罗兰指导过 18 名博士生，杜兰大学和肯塔基大学各有 9 名。其中一位名叫 V. Jacque Voegeli 的学生回忆说，罗兰 "对历史的意外后果非常敏感"，他 "回避了把过去当作道德剧的职业诱惑"，而更愿意强调 "人类动机和行动的复杂性，以传达人道价值观、激发希望、警惕犬儒主义或无节制的乐观主义"（"前言"，载于 Charles P. Roland, My Odyssey through History：战争与学术回忆录》[巴吞鲁日，2004 年]，第 xiv 页）。在罗兰的八部著作中，前三部涉及内战时期。美国内战期间的路易斯安那糖业种植园》是他的修订论文，于 1957 年出版（Brill 出版社）；《南方联盟》是《美国内战期间的路易斯安那糖业种植园》的一部分。
{"title":"Historical News and Notices","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925492","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> Historical News and Notices <!-- /html_title --></li> </ul> <h2>THE ASSOCIATION</h2> <p>The Blassingame Award Committee, composed of Deirdre Cooper Owens, University of Connecticut, chair; Bertis D. English, Alabama State University; and Françoise N. Hamlin, Brown University, is calling for nominations for the John W. Blassingame Award, established in 2004 to honor distinguished scholarship and mentorship in African American history. In order to nominate a candidate for the award, a letter describing the person’s accomplishments should be sent by email to berrys@thesha.org by June 1, 2024, when it will be forwarded to committee members. Two supporting letters should accompany each nomination.</p> <p>For nominations involving a primary role of mentoring, the committee particularly welcomes letters from students, either graduate or undergraduate. Nominees from all areas of the academic community, including those from community/junior colleges, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, and research universities, are welcome. Nominees will be considered based on distinguished careers as mentors of African American studies, personal scholarly accomplishments, or some combination of both qualities. The award consists of a $1,000 stipend, and is awarded every third year. The next award will be given at the 2024 annual meeting in Kansas City, Missouri.</p> <p>The Junior Scholars Workshop is a program to support and encourage advanced graduate students and recent graduates working in all fields of southern history, as well as to provide a space for SHA members to connect outside the annual meeting. Workshops take place on Zoom. The papers will be circulated in advance, and the hour’s program will consist of a brief introduction by the author and comments by two senior scholars, with the rest of the time devoted to audience questions and discussion. For updates on the schedule of papers, please visit https://www.thesha.org/workshop. To register to receive the precirculated papers and the Zoom link, please fill out the form at https://forms.gle/zbm1yM1f6aAFfHKKA. The Junior Scholars Workshop is sponsored by the SHA Professional Development Committee.</p> <h2>OBITUARY</h2> <p>Charles Pierce Roland, Alumni Professor of History, emeritus, at the University of Kentucky, died at the age of 104 on April 12, 2022. A noted historian of the American South and the Civil War era, he served as president of the Southern Historical Association in 1981.</p> <p>Born in Maury City, Tennessee, on April 8, 1918, Roland was the son and grandson of educators. He spent two years at Freed-Hardeman College in Henderson, Tennessee, before enrolling at Vanderbilt University in 1936. There he studied under Frank L. Owsley and graduated in 1938. He taught high school before joining the National Park Service in 1940. Inducted into the army in January 1942, he r","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925464
Deborah A. Rosen
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> by Kathryn Walkiewicz <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Deborah A. Rosen </li> </ul> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em>. By Kathryn Walkiewicz. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. xx, 293. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7295-3; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7294-6.) <p><em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> examines the relationship between colonization, enslavement, and state-making in the nineteenth-century United States. In this carefully researched and clearly presented study, Kathryn Walkiewicz argues that Indigenous dispossession, anti-Blackness, and white supremacy were central to the formation and identity of U.S. states; that states’-rights discourse was used to reinforce white men’s rights and their control over land; and that statehood itself was (and is) incompatible with Indigenous and Black <strong>[End Page 430]</strong> freedom. The author analyzes how white Americans used printed texts and visual images to imagine exclusionary states into being, and also how Indigenous, Black, and Afro-Native people used their own print culture to contest the entire settler-colonial project and advocate for their own freedom and self-determination.</p> <p>After an introduction that lays out the themes of the book, four substantive chapters analyze debates about Black and Native freedom in Georgia (1830s), Florida (1820s–1840s), Kansas and Cuba (1850s), and Indian Territory (1890s–1900s). In keeping with the title <em>Reading Territory</em>, the book concentrates more on colonization than on enslavement, and it analyzes more extensively Native-produced texts than Black-authored ones. Chapters 1 and 2 draw from various short primary sources to illustrate the ideological role of print culture in both justifying and opposing state control, subjugation, and the removal of Indigenous people. By the 1850s, longer published texts provided fuller contemporary counternarratives to the dominant stories justifying state-hood, and <em>Reading Territory</em> is most intriguing when it delves deeply into those singular printed works. This is especially evident in chapter 3, which focuses mostly on how Kansas statehood was framed in the 1850s as a way of promoting Black people’s liberation and freedom, while Natives’ forced removal was erased. The chapter provides insightful, thought-provoking analysis of Martin R. Delany’s serialized novel <em>Blake</em> (1859–1862), John Brougham’s play <em>Columbus el Filibustero!</em> (1857), and published maps of Kansas Territory. Likewise, chapter 4 on Indian Territory—which describes Indigenous and Black residents’ unsuccessful effo
{"title":"Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State by Kathryn Walkiewicz (review)","authors":"Deborah A. Rosen","doi":"10.1353/soh.2024.a925464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/soh.2024.a925464","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> by Kathryn Walkiewicz <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Deborah A. Rosen </li> </ul> <em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em>. By Kathryn Walkiewicz. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2023. Pp. xx, 293. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7295-3; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7294-6.) <p><em>Reading Territory: Indigenous and Black Freedom, Removal, and the Nineteenth-Century State</em> examines the relationship between colonization, enslavement, and state-making in the nineteenth-century United States. In this carefully researched and clearly presented study, Kathryn Walkiewicz argues that Indigenous dispossession, anti-Blackness, and white supremacy were central to the formation and identity of U.S. states; that states’-rights discourse was used to reinforce white men’s rights and their control over land; and that statehood itself was (and is) incompatible with Indigenous and Black <strong>[End Page 430]</strong> freedom. The author analyzes how white Americans used printed texts and visual images to imagine exclusionary states into being, and also how Indigenous, Black, and Afro-Native people used their own print culture to contest the entire settler-colonial project and advocate for their own freedom and self-determination.</p> <p>After an introduction that lays out the themes of the book, four substantive chapters analyze debates about Black and Native freedom in Georgia (1830s), Florida (1820s–1840s), Kansas and Cuba (1850s), and Indian Territory (1890s–1900s). In keeping with the title <em>Reading Territory</em>, the book concentrates more on colonization than on enslavement, and it analyzes more extensively Native-produced texts than Black-authored ones. Chapters 1 and 2 draw from various short primary sources to illustrate the ideological role of print culture in both justifying and opposing state control, subjugation, and the removal of Indigenous people. By the 1850s, longer published texts provided fuller contemporary counternarratives to the dominant stories justifying state-hood, and <em>Reading Territory</em> is most intriguing when it delves deeply into those singular printed works. This is especially evident in chapter 3, which focuses mostly on how Kansas statehood was framed in the 1850s as a way of promoting Black people’s liberation and freedom, while Natives’ forced removal was erased. The chapter provides insightful, thought-provoking analysis of Martin R. Delany’s serialized novel <em>Blake</em> (1859–1862), John Brougham’s play <em>Columbus el Filibustero!</em> (1857), and published maps of Kansas Territory. Likewise, chapter 4 on Indian Territory—which describes Indigenous and Black residents’ unsuccessful effo","PeriodicalId":45484,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.1353/soh.2024.a925445
Lacey Hunter
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em> by Zachary McLeod Hutchins <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Lacey Hunter </li> </ul> <em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em>. By Zachary McLeod Hutchins. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2022. Pp. xiv, 291. Paper, $32.95, ISBN 978-1-4696-7154-3; cloth, $99.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-7153-6.) <p><em>Before Equiano: A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative</em> is a thoughtful and compelling reassessment of this early American literary genre. Commonly positioned within African American canonical traditions, this writing type has long been defined by scholars as one that emerged within the context of a racialized system of chattel slavery. Acknowledging the genre’s notable links to the narratives of Olaudah Equiano, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Jacobs, and others, Zachary McLeod Hutchins argues that this narrow purview of the category limits our understanding of slavery during the American colonial period. Consequently, he notes, <em>Before Equiano</em> is “a prehistory of the North American slave narrative, tracing the genre back to its origins in eighteenth-century newspapers and following its evolution into a literary form with well-established tropes” (p. 2). Hutchins provides a well-organized, thoroughly <strong>[End Page 404]</strong> researched book that examines thousands of print news advertisements and challenges its audience to think beyond the traditionally accepted definitions of the slave narrative.</p> <p>Focusing primarily on print newspapers from Boston, Massachusetts, Hutchins demonstrates that the city’s documentation of slave trading is critical to understanding its unfolding in the Americas. Linking the details of slave advertisements to the larger development of colonial North America, the book paints a vivid portrayal of slavery’s evolution from the eighteenth century through the nineteenth. Indeed, <em>Before Equiano</em> is a striking complement to Peter H. Wood’s <em>Strange New Land: Africans in Colonial America</em> (New York, 1996), in which Wood documents the political and cultural shifts across the Americas that marked the decline of an early fluid system of enslavement and the rise of a rigid one.</p> <p>The main thrust of <em>Before Equiano</em> is its argument for an expanded consideration of slave narratives to include print news advertisements. Specifically, Hutchins asserts that eighteenth-century newspaper ads should be understood as the foundation of the slave narrative genre. Paying careful attention to the language and frequency of slave ads through the colonial period of the United States, Hutchins makes a convincing argument that the earliest narratives about slavery are not the full-length accounts written by African Americans. Inste
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 在艾奎亚诺之前扎卡里-麦克莱奥德-哈钦斯-莱西-亨特《在艾奎亚诺之前：北美奴隶史前史》：北美奴隶史前史》。作者：Zachary McLeod Hutchins。(教堂山：北卡罗来纳大学出版社，2022 年。第 xiv、291 页。纸质版，32.95 美元，ISBN 978-1-4696-7154-3；布质版，99.00 美元，ISBN 978-1-4696-7153-6）。艾奎亚诺之前：A Prehistory of the North American Slave Narrative》是对这一早期美国文学体裁的深思熟虑和令人信服的重新评估。长期以来，这种写作类型被学者们定义为在种族化的动产奴隶制背景下出现的一种写作类型，通常被定位为非裔美国人的经典传统。扎卡里-麦克劳德-哈钦斯（Zachary McLeod Hutchins）承认这一体裁与奥劳达-艾奎亚诺（Olaudah Equiano）、弗雷德里克-道格拉斯（Frederick Douglass）、哈丽叶-雅各布斯（Harriet Jacobs）等人的叙事有显著联系，但他认为，这一体裁的狭隘视野限制了我们对美国殖民时期奴隶制的理解。因此，他指出，《在艾吉亚诺之前》是 "一部北美奴隶叙事史前史，追溯了这一体裁在十八世纪报纸上的起源，并追随其演变为一种具有既定套路的文学形式"（第 2 页）。哈钦斯的这本书条理清晰、研究透彻 [尾页 404]，对数千份印刷新闻广告进行了研究，并挑战读者超越传统上对奴隶叙事的公认定义进行思考。哈钦斯主要以马萨诸塞州波士顿的印刷报纸为研究对象，证明该市对奴隶贸易的记录对于理解奴隶贸易在美洲的发展至关重要。该书将奴隶广告的细节与北美殖民地的更大发展联系起来，生动地描绘了奴隶制从十八世纪到十九世纪的演变过程。事实上，《在艾吉亚诺之前》是对彼得-H-伍德的《陌生的新大陆》（Strange New Land）的有力补充：在该书中，伍德记录了整个美洲的政治和文化变迁，这些变迁标志着早期流动奴役制度的衰落和僵化奴役制度的兴起。埃奇亚诺之前》一书的主旨是主张扩大对奴隶叙事的研究，将印刷新闻广告也包括在内。具体而言，哈钦斯主张，十八世纪的报纸广告应被理解为奴隶叙事体裁的基础。哈钦斯仔细研究了美国殖民时期奴隶广告的语言和频率，提出了一个令人信服的论点，即最早的奴隶制叙事并非非裔美国人撰写的长篇叙事。相反，他促使读者将奥劳达-艾奎亚诺（Olaudah Equiano）和文图尔-史密斯（Venture Smith）等历史人物的叙述视为更广泛的十八世纪传统的延伸。哈钦斯认为，十八世纪早期的奴隶广告为该世纪后半期乃至下个世纪流行的长篇合订本奠定了读者基础。连载出版的奴隶买卖、逃奴广告和书信塑造了一批积极主动、富有想象力地参与每日或每周内容消费的读者。哈钦斯通过自己对新闻描述的想象力解读，在概述《波士顿新闻通讯》、《波士顿公报》和《波士顿晚邮报》等报纸上的一些连载报道时，邀请读者进行创造性的探究。哈钦斯在书中始终强调，印刷报纸是美国殖民者逐步构建身份的脚手架。通过这种方式，《在艾吉亚诺之前》唤起了一部追溯早期民族自我意识成熟历程的思想史。哈钦斯通过考虑他所探讨的报纸中奴隶制一词的细微差别，强调了这一方法。哈钦斯对其资料中所使用的语言进行了批判性的审视，这也增强了他的论断，即必须将欧洲人和土著居民纳入有关奴隶叙事写作这一更广泛传统的学术讨论中。他在书中对资料的深思熟虑和对语言的严密审视，加强了他对重新评估奴隶叙事这一体裁的呼吁。哈钦斯从各个方面证明了重新审视美国早期历史的重要性，从而使国家历史研究获得更深的广度和深度。虽然哈钦斯要求现代学者和读者进行的想象力工作有其局限性，但《在艾吉亚诺之前》出色地反映了......
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