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Employment at 55+: Do We Want to work Longer in Lithuania? 55岁以上的就业:我们想在立陶宛工作更长时间吗?
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.15388/ekon.2020.1.3
Kristina Zitikytė
Abstract The Lithuanian population is aging, and it causes many difficulties for public finances by increasing expenditures on health care, long-term care, and pensions, and also for the labor market by creating labor shortages. One of the ways to cope with demographic aging is to rise the employment rate of older people. According to Eurostat, the employment rate of the elderly aged 55–64 years increased from 49.6 percent in 2005 to 68.5 percent in 2018 in Lithuania and it is higher than the average employment rate of older workers in European Union, which was 58.7 percent in 2018. This paper focuses on older people in Lithuania, aged 55 and over, trying to answer a question whether the elderly in Lithuania willingly work or try to find alternatives such as receiving long-term social insurance benefits. The research findings show that the activity of older people in the labor market grows, and even the share of people with disabilities staying in the labor market increases. However, this analysis also shows that older people are more under risk to lose their job during an economic crisis, and this suggests that trying to find work alternatives can be closely related to one’s economic situation. Moreover, health problems remain one of the main factors limiting the activity of older people in the labor market. It is also noticeable that some labor force reserves exist among people with disabilities and this supposes that creating better adapted working conditions for older and disabled workers in Lithuania could probably contribute to meeting the needs of an aging workforce.
立陶宛人口正在老龄化,这给公共财政带来了许多困难,增加了医疗保健、长期护理和养老金方面的支出,也给劳动力市场带来了劳动力短缺。应对人口老龄化的方法之一是提高老年人的就业率。据欧盟统计局统计,立陶宛55-64岁老年人的就业率从2005年的49.6%上升到2018年的68.5%,高于欧盟老年劳动者的平均就业率(2018年为58.7%)。本文以立陶宛55岁及以上的老年人为研究对象,试图回答立陶宛的老年人是愿意工作还是试图寻找其他选择,如接受长期社会保险福利。研究结果表明,老年人在劳动力市场上的活动在增加,甚至残疾人在劳动力市场上的份额也在增加。然而,这一分析也表明,在经济危机期间,老年人更有可能失去工作,这表明,寻找替代工作的努力可能与一个人的经济状况密切相关。此外,健康问题仍然是限制老年人在劳动力市场活动的主要因素之一。同样值得注意的是,残疾人中存在一些劳动力储备,这就意味着为立陶宛的老年和残疾工人创造更好的工作条件可能有助于满足老龄化劳动力的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Energy Consumption on GDP: New Evidence of 24 Countries on Their Natural Resources and Production of Electricity 能源消费对GDP的影响:24个国家自然资源和电力生产的新证据
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.15388/ekon.2020.1.2
Rabnawaz Khan, Yusheng Kong
Abstract Because of rapid economic expansion, China, the USA, and India have become the largest energy producers and sources of CO2 emissions in the world. They burned over 45% of global fuels in 2016. Meanwhile, the developing strategies of 24 polluted states to decrease fossil energy consumption without additional economic output. This paper explores the effect of world top polluted countries’ CO2 emission, their GDP and production of electricity by potential indicators and identifies the basic factors that contribute to changes in an environment where petroleum, natural gas, coal, nuclear, biomass, and other renewable energy and hydroelectric sources are examined with GDP per capita. We estimate our data for the period from 1968 to 2017 and use the GLM model. The results show that more production of electricity is causing abnormal CO2 emissions. The Granger causality test shows that there is a unidirectional relationship between energy consumption and economic advancement. Also, there is a short-run bidirectional causality that exists among the energy indicators. We find a unilateral causality between energy consumption and economic growth. Therefore, the consumption of energy might be conductive of 24 (polluted) countries and better economic development; the consumption of energy may be failsafe and guaranteed, while we should limit the resources of countries.
由于经济的快速发展,中国、美国和印度已经成为世界上最大的能源生产国和二氧化碳排放国。2016年,它们消耗了全球45%以上的燃料。同时,分析了24个污染州在不增加经济产出的情况下减少化石能源消耗的发展策略。本文通过潜在指标探讨了世界污染最严重国家的二氧化碳排放、GDP和发电量的影响,并以人均GDP考察石油、天然气、煤炭、核能、生物质能和其他可再生能源和水力发电的环境变化的基本因素。我们估计了1968年至2017年期间的数据,并使用了GLM模型。结果表明,更多的电力生产导致了异常的二氧化碳排放。格兰杰因果检验表明,能源消费与经济发展之间存在单向关系。能源指标之间也存在短期的双向因果关系。我们发现能源消费与经济增长之间存在单边因果关系。因此,能源消耗可能有利于24个(污染)国家的经济发展;能源的消耗可能是万无一失和有保证的,但我们应该限制各国的资源。
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引用次数: 5
Study on consumer preferences towards organic food in the market of Split 斯普利特市场消费者对有机食品的偏好研究
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001285c
M. Čagalj, I. Grgić, J. Gugic
Since the nineties of the last century, ecological products have become increasingly important in the market, and given that scientists have pro and contra arguments of ecological breeding, the main purpose of this paper was to determine the consumer’s preferences towards ecological food; the importance of certain characteristics and deterrents on the purchase of organic food; in the market of Split. For this survey we randomly recruited 113 participants in Split, Croatia. Surveyed consumers when purchasing organic food of the greatest importance consider protection of the environment, and at the least important they retain the taste. The most significant constraint on purchasing organic food of surveyed consumers is the high cost of the product, and the least important is the lack of marketing. Given the size of the sample, surveyed consumers are a typical target group of consumers of organic food.
自上世纪九十年代以来,生态产品在市场上变得越来越重要,鉴于科学家们对生态育种有赞成和反对的观点,本文的主要目的是确定消费者对生态食品的偏好;在购买有机食品时,某些特性和阻碍因素的重要性;在斯普利特的市场。在这项调查中,我们在克罗地亚斯普利特随机招募了113名参与者。被调查的消费者在购买有机食品时最重要的考虑因素是保护环境,最不重要的考虑因素是保留味道。受访消费者购买有机食品的最大制约因素是产品成本高,其次是缺乏营销。考虑到样本的规模,被调查的消费者是有机食品消费者的典型目标群体。
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引用次数: 2
Research on tourists' attitudes on the potential of Goč mountain for the development of eco-tourism 游客对高积山发展生态旅游潜力的态度研究
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001223m
S. Milićević, Nataša Đorđević, Živana Krejić
Goc Mountain has a wealth of natural resources, which represent the most important prerequisite for the development of ecotourism. However, the natural resources of this mountain are inadequately utilized for tourism. The aim of the research is to examine the views of tourists on the possibilities for the development of ecotourism on the mountain Goc, with a view to the more intensive tourist development of this mountain. Special attention is paid to the analysis of possibilities for expanding the existing tourist offer, additional attractive contents and activities, which would contribute to the greater competitiveness of this mountain in the ecotourism market. The survey method was used to collect primary data in the research and it included 174 respondents. The results of the descriptive statistical analysis showed that Goc Mountain has the potential for ecotourism development and that the construction of eco-accommodation facilities would contribute to the greater competitiveness of Goc Mountain.
戈茨山拥有丰富的自然资源,这是发展生态旅游的最重要前提。然而,这座山的自然资源没有充分用于旅游业。本研究的目的是考察游客对Goc山生态旅游发展可能性的看法,以期更深入地开发该山的旅游业。特别注意分析扩大现有游客供应、增加有吸引力的内容和活动的可能性,这将有助于提高这座山在生态旅游市场上的竞争力。该调查方法用于收集研究中的主要数据,包括174名受访者。描述性统计分析的结果表明,戈茨山具有发展生态旅游的潜力,生态住宿设施的建设将有助于提高戈茨山的竞争力。
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引用次数: 10
The influence of teamwork as an internal marketing factor on the quality of the service of insurance companies in Serbia's agricultural sector 团队合作作为一种内部营销因素对塞尔维亚农业部门保险公司服务质量的影响
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001189p
Ivan Piljan, Z. Simonović, N. Ćurčić
The subject matter of this paper is the analysis of the quality of the services and the sustainability of thebusiness operations of insurance companies in the agricultural sector in the Republic of Serbia, dependingon the teamwork concept. Teamwork belongs to the internal marketing factors in companies’ business doing.Teams should have a common goal which the members may only achieve through joint work and a combination of the knowledge and abilities pertaining to different areas. Client satisfaction is a teamwork efficiency measure. Apart from a large number of satisfied users, a large number of new insurance programs innovated from year to year and offering its users an increasingly big range of possible types of insurance are also the indicators of the successful business doing of insurance companies in the agricultural sector. The research study was done on a suitable sample of 250 respondents, employed in 10 insurance companies.
本文的主题是根据团队合作概念分析塞尔维亚共和国农业部门保险公司的服务质量和业务运营的可持续性。团队合作属于企业经营活动中的内部营销因素。团队应该有一个共同的目标,成员只能通过共同工作以及不同领域的知识和能力的结合来实现。客户满意度是衡量团队合作效率的指标。除了大量满意的用户外,每年创新的大量新保险计划,为用户提供越来越多的可能保险类型,也是保险公司在农业领域成功经营的指标。这项研究是对受雇于10家保险公司的250名受访者进行的。
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引用次数: 2
Participation of the activity classification sectors in the emission of pollutants, with regard to criminal legislation 在刑事立法方面,活动分类部门参与污染物排放
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001239m
Jelena Matijašević-Obradović, Sara Zarubica
Emissions of pollutants into the air are increasingly affecting the environment. In this context, it is particularly interesting to consider the ratio of the participation of individual pollutants in environmental damage and their participation in contributing to the economic development and economic stability of the country. The research of the ratio of participation of the activity classification sectors in the emission of pollutants and in the gross domestic product covered 2013 and 2017, while a survey of total pollutant emissions, regardless of sectors of activity classification, was made for 2015 and 2016. By analyzing the results of the research, the authors conclude that the sectors with the highest share in the gross domestic product do not fall into the categories of the most important emitters of air pollution or greenhouse gases, hence, they explain the results of each research segment in this paper. Special attention was paid to criminal law regulations in the field of environmental protection.
向空气中排放污染物对环境的影响越来越大。在这方面,特别有趣的是考虑个别污染物参与环境破坏和它们参与促进国家经济发展和经济稳定的比例。2013年和2017年研究活动分类行业对污染物排放和国内生产总值的参与比例,2015年和2016年研究活动分类行业对污染物排放总量的调查。通过对研究结果的分析,作者得出结论,在国内生产总值中占有最高份额的部门并不属于最重要的空气污染或温室气体排放者的类别,因此,他们在本文中解释了每个研究部分的结果。特别注意了环境保护领域的刑法条例。
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引用次数: 2
Property insurance and innovative building techniques: Reducing the consequences of climate change 财产保险和创新建筑技术:减少气候变化的后果
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001269m
O. Milinković, Pavle Brzaković, Olgica Milošević, Miodrag Brzaković
Climate changes are recognized as a matter of global importance. They can have a long term monetary and nonmonetary influence on the lives and prosperity of people. Almost all industries are affected by climate change, but insurance companies and the construction industry suffer particularly high pressure. Due to the unpredictability of climate changes and increased risk, the possibility of withdrawing insurance against natural disasters has been considered. From the construction industry, it is required to adapt to changes, by building less polluting buildings, resistant to destructive effects of climate changes. The insurance industry has recognized the direct connection between green - sustainable practices and reduced risk, which in recent years has been the reason, for becoming a leader in creating, energy and resource efficiency. The contribution of this paper is in the demonstration how innovative construction solution can contribute to sustainable insurance and reducing the consequences of climate change.
气候变化被认为是一个具有全球重要性的问题。它们可以对人们的生活和繁荣产生长期的货币和非货币影响。几乎所有行业都受到气候变化的影响,但保险公司和建筑业承受的压力尤其大。由于气候变化的不可预测性和风险的增加,已经考虑了撤销自然灾害保险的可能性。建筑业需要适应变化,建造污染较小的建筑,抵御气候变化的破坏性影响。保险业已经认识到绿色可持续做法与降低风险之间的直接联系,这也是近年来成为创造、能源和资源效率领导者的原因。本文的贡献在于展示了创新的建筑解决方案如何有助于可持续保险和减少气候变化的后果。
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引用次数: 1
Consumers' intentions to use of organically produced food in the Šumadija region 消费者在Šumadija地区使用有机食品的意愿
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001253s
V. Stojić, M. Dimitrijević
Organic agriculture is a significant factor in sustainable development, and the production and marketing of organic products tend to grow steadily. The main goal of organic farming is to produce high quality food in precisely defined conditions. There are great untapped potentials for the development of organic production in Sumadija, thanking to suitable climatic and agroecological conditions, knowledge and tradition. The aim of the paper is to investigate the importance and value of organic products according to the opinion of consumers of the Sumadija region, their buying habits, and the source of information about organic products. The results show that the consumers are not buying enough organic food, but understand its role in reducing health risks. The general conclusion is that the development of organic production depends on knowledge, awareness of the need to conserve natural resources and the environment, as well as economic factors and incentives for organic production.
有机农业是可持续发展的重要因素,有机产品的生产和销售趋于稳定增长。有机农业的主要目标是在精确确定的条件下生产高质量的食品。由于适宜的气候和农业生态条件、知识和传统,Sumadija的有机生产发展潜力巨大,尚未开发。本文的目的是根据Sumadija地区消费者的意见、他们的购买习惯以及有机产品的信息来源,调查有机产品的重要性和价值。结果表明,消费者没有购买足够的有机食品,但了解其在降低健康风险方面的作用。总的结论是,有机生产的发展取决于知识、对保护自然资源和环境的必要性的认识,以及有机生产的经济因素和激励措施。
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引用次数: 5
Direct investments in spa tourism of undeveloped rural regions: Case study of the Municipality of Kuršumlija 欠发达农村地区温泉旅游的直接投资:以Kuršumlija市为例
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001207l
Tijana Ljubisavljević, Dragana Gnjatović
In this paper we analyze the role of direct investments in spa tourism in undeveloped rural regions on the example of the Municipality of Kursumlija. Namely, the Municipality of Kursumlija belongs to the group of undeveloped regions. On its territory, three spa resorts are located. In order to explore the role of direct investments in the development of these spa resorts, qualitative survey was conducted using the technique of semi-structured in-depth interviews with the representatives of relevant institutions and organizations in the Municipality of Kursumlija. Obtained results showed that the completion of the privatization process of the spa facilities along with the use of investment incentives and creation of favorable business environment for investors would lead to the increase of direct investments aimed for the development of the spa resorts. Direct investments, through better utilization of natural healing factors and human resources, would create the conditions for the development of health tourism and thus would lead to the development of the undevelopedrural area where the spa complex is located.
本文以库尔苏姆利亚市为例,分析了不发达农村地区温泉旅游直接投资的作用。也就是说,库尔苏姆利亚市属于不发达地区。在它的领土上,有三个水疗胜地。为了探索直接投资在这些温泉度假村发展中的作用,使用半结构化深度访谈技术对库尔苏姆利亚市相关机构和组织的代表进行了定性调查。所得结果表明,水疗设施私有化进程的完成,以及投资激励措施的使用和为投资者创造有利的商业环境,将导致旨在发展水疗度假村的直接投资增加。通过更好地利用自然治疗因素和人力资源,直接投资将为保健旅游的发展创造条件,从而带动温泉综合体所在的未开发农村地区的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Does sustainability matter in mergers and acquisitions?: The case of the Serbian food industry 可持续性在并购中重要吗?:塞尔维亚食品工业的案例
IF 0.6 Q4 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2020-03-25 DOI: 10.5937/ekopolj2001025d
K. Denčić-Mihajlov
This paper investigated key areas in which environmental, social and governance issues may be important in M&A transactions, with a particular emphasis on the Serbian food industry. The analysis was conducted using a sample of 11 realized M&As in the Republic of Serbia with the food producers as target companies and is based on the data acquired from the targets' annual reports and Web sites. The analysed transactions, that have been randomly elected, belong to different legal types of M&A: acquisition of asset, acquisition of shares, tender offer and merger/consolidation. Following the classification of sustainability issues, two types of M&A in the Serbian food industry have been distinguished: one enables the acquirer to build the presence in the key segments with sustainability products in line with modern health trends, while the other helps the buyer to improve synergies and consolidate leadership position by acquiring target with a recognized sustainability profile and credibility.
本文调查了环境、社会和治理问题在并购交易中可能重要的关键领域,特别是塞尔维亚食品行业。该分析以塞尔维亚共和国11家已实现的并购为样本,以食品生产商为目标公司,并基于从目标公司的年度报告和网站上获得的数据。所分析的交易是随机选择的,属于不同的并购法律类型:资产收购、股份收购、要约收购和合并。根据可持续性问题的分类,塞尔维亚食品行业的并购有两种类型:一种是使收购方能够凭借符合现代健康趋势的可持续性产品在关键领域建立影响力,另一种是通过收购具有公认可持续性特征和可信度的目标,帮助买家提高协同效应,巩固领导地位。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Ekonomika Poljoprivreda-Economics of Agriculture
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