Machine-readable databases such as FrameNet (based on frame semantics) and WordNet (based on lexical semantic relations) appeared in the 1990s and became part of the lexicographic scene. The current study argues that FrameNet and WordNet can contribute to addressing the lexicographic challenge of sense delineation and elicit better performance from learners of English as a second language. The study examined the decoding and encoding performance of university students (n = 48) after exposure to modified lexicographic entries from FrameNet, WordNet, and the online Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. The classroom experiment assessed the accuracy of sense selection, user perplexity, and the accuracy of synonym production, and measured the response time for each question. An online survey followed the test, in order to collect further information about students’ dictionary use and evaluation of guide words and definitions. Results revealed significant intergroup differences in the response time, perplexity level, and encoding performance. Learners who consulted the modified FrameNet-based entries were the fastest and most successful among the three groups. Future studies can benefit from simplifying the name of frames in FrameNet and modifying the microstructure of the database for pedagogical purposes.
{"title":"A classroom-based study on the effectiveness of lexicographic resources","authors":"E. Abdelzaher","doi":"10.1558/lexi.22164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.22164","url":null,"abstract":"Machine-readable databases such as FrameNet (based on frame semantics) and WordNet (based on lexical semantic relations) appeared in the 1990s and became part of the lexicographic scene. The current study argues that FrameNet and WordNet can contribute to addressing the lexicographic challenge of sense delineation and elicit better performance from learners of English as a second language. The study examined the decoding and encoding performance of university students (n = 48) after exposure to modified lexicographic entries from FrameNet, WordNet, and the online Oxford Learner’s Dictionary. The classroom experiment assessed the accuracy of sense selection, user perplexity, and the accuracy of synonym production, and measured the response time for each question. An online survey followed the test, in order to collect further information about students’ dictionary use and evaluation of guide words and definitions. Results revealed significant intergroup differences in the response time, perplexity level, and encoding performance. Learners who consulted the modified FrameNet-based entries were the fastest and most successful among the three groups. Future studies can benefit from simplifying the name of frames in FrameNet and modifying the microstructure of the database for pedagogical purposes.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76935441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article highlights the structure of dictionaries used in SANTI-morf (Sistem Analisis Teks Indonesia – morfologi), a multi-module pipeline system that performs annotations for an Indonesian corpus at the morpheme level and built using NooJ (Silberztein, 2003, 2016). SANTI-morf dictionaries, together with other SANTI-morf components, enable the system to tokenize each word in an Indonesian corpus into morphemes (e.g., cliticized and non-cliticized roots, affixes, reduplications) and associate these morphemes with their corresponding tags. Each entry in the SANTI-morf dictionary is encoded with a tag composed of morphological analysis (MA) labels. In most cases, these labels are combined with system implementation (SI) labels. Morphological analysis labels consist of formal and functional morphological criteria labels and are typically used for searching the annotated corpus (e.g., root part of speech (POS) labels). System implementation labels are used for system implementation and are mostly of interest to developers rather than end users. They include morphotactic and morphophonemic constraint labels, which are processed when the monomorphemic entries in dictionaries work together with SANTI-morf grammars (rules).
{"title":"SANTI-morf dictionaries","authors":"Prihantoro","doi":"10.1558/lexi.23569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.23569","url":null,"abstract":"This article highlights the structure of dictionaries used in SANTI-morf (Sistem Analisis Teks Indonesia – morfologi), a multi-module pipeline system that performs annotations for an Indonesian corpus at the morpheme level and built using NooJ (Silberztein, 2003, 2016). SANTI-morf dictionaries, together with other SANTI-morf components, enable the system to tokenize each word in an Indonesian corpus into morphemes (e.g., cliticized and non-cliticized roots, affixes, reduplications) and associate these morphemes with their corresponding tags. Each entry in the SANTI-morf dictionary is encoded with a tag composed of morphological analysis (MA) labels. In most cases, these labels are combined with system implementation (SI) labels. Morphological analysis labels consist of formal and functional morphological criteria labels and are typically used for searching the annotated corpus (e.g., root part of speech (POS) labels). System implementation labels are used for system implementation and are mostly of interest to developers rather than end users. They include morphotactic and morphophonemic constraint labels, which are processed when the monomorphemic entries in dictionaries work together with SANTI-morf grammars (rules).","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82434209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the compilation of entries for English abbreviations starting with A, which is part of a larger work, the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations (CSDA), which is available on the Termania webpage. The structure of the entries was determined following an analysis of the layout and characteristics of entries in English dictionaries of abbreviations. Eleven Slovene terminological dictionaries and seven English dictionaries of abbreviations were examined to determine the structure of the entries. Based on the examples presented, a compilation structure was determined, and examples of entries for English abbreviations starting with A are presented. The structure used for the English abbreviations is an example of good practice that will be used in further compilation of CSDA.
{"title":"Compilation of English Entries in the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations","authors":"Mojca Kompara Lukančič","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents the compilation of entries for English abbreviations starting with A, which is part of a larger work, the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations (CSDA), which is available on the Termania webpage. The structure of the entries was determined following an analysis of the layout and characteristics of entries in English dictionaries of abbreviations. Eleven Slovene terminological dictionaries and seven English dictionaries of abbreviations were examined to determine the structure of the entries. Based on the examples presented, a compilation structure was determined, and examples of entries for English abbreviations starting with A are presented. The structure used for the English abbreviations is an example of good practice that will be used in further compilation of CSDA.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43758143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sarah Ogilvie, ed. 2020. The Cambridge Companion to English Dictionaries","authors":"Fredric T. Dolezal","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Reviews Editor","authors":"Gang Zhao, Yanwei Wu","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the temporal labels and other specifications of time affixed to twenty-five words in monolingual dictionaries of English. The selection of works studied includes learners’, collegiate, and general-purpose dictionaries, both British and American. In addition, the treatment of the lexemes in the Oxford English Dictionary is noted. The analysis reveals some clear differences between the different types of dictionaries in the overall propensity to furnish temporal labels and other specifications of time. The terminology employed to convey such information varies from one group of dictionaries to another. There is also plenty of variation between the individual volumes inside each group. The target audience of the works examined varies, which explains some of the differences in the treatment of particular lexemes. In general, Osselton’s calls for more consistent terminology in the labelling of old words, presented several decades ago, are still valid. The differences between the labels are not always clear, and the explanations in the front matter of the dictionary may be lacking or unhelpful.
{"title":"Temporal Labels and Specifications in Monolingual English Dictionaries","authors":"J. Norri","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article examines the temporal labels and other specifications of time affixed to twenty-five words in monolingual dictionaries of English. The selection of works studied includes learners’, collegiate, and general-purpose dictionaries, both British and American. In addition, the treatment of the lexemes in the Oxford English Dictionary is noted. The analysis reveals some clear differences between the different types of dictionaries in the overall propensity to furnish temporal labels and other specifications of time. The terminology employed to convey such information varies from one group of dictionaries to another. There is also plenty of variation between the individual volumes inside each group. The target audience of the works examined varies, which explains some of the differences in the treatment of particular lexemes. In general, Osselton’s calls for more consistent terminology in the labelling of old words, presented several decades ago, are still valid. The differences between the labels are not always clear, and the explanations in the front matter of the dictionary may be lacking or unhelpful.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the translation stage in LSP bilingual lexicography, where the condition of equivalence lies in the terminological/conceptual identity of the terms used in different linguistic systems. To this end, case study research was done on the corpus of the English-Serbian Dictionary of Waste Management. Seeking to provide a more extensive picture of the rendition of specialized terms, the authors propose a systematic translation framework by combining traditional Translation Theory with the modern Function Theory of Lexicography. Therefore, the LSP dictionary counterparts were analyzed from the perspectives of both theories, using a mixed translation model for both single and compound words. This paper aims to resolve the question of why the translation of the specialized dictionary terms produced the result it had, the explanation of which might help compile modern LSP bilingual dictionaries from English into Serbian, or into other languages of South-East Slavic origin.
{"title":"The Translation Stage in LSP Lexicography: A Mixed Translation Model For LSP Bilingual Dictionary Terms","authors":"Marina Katić, Predrag Novakov","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on the translation stage in LSP bilingual lexicography, where the condition of equivalence lies in the terminological/conceptual identity of the terms used in different linguistic systems. To this end, case study research was done on the corpus of the English-Serbian Dictionary of Waste Management. Seeking to provide a more extensive picture of the rendition of specialized terms, the authors propose a systematic translation framework by combining traditional Translation Theory with the modern Function Theory of Lexicography. Therefore, the LSP dictionary counterparts were analyzed from the perspectives of both theories, using a mixed translation model for both single and compound words. This paper aims to resolve the question of why the translation of the specialized dictionary terms produced the result it had, the explanation of which might help compile modern LSP bilingual dictionaries from English into Serbian, or into other languages of South-East Slavic origin.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rudnicka, Łukasz Grabowski, Maciej Piasecki, Tomasz Naskret
The results of manual mapping of Polish plWordNet onto English Princeton WordNet revealed a number of gaps and mismatches between those interlinked lexical resources. Preliminary studies have shown that they embrace wordnet-specific and language-specific differences, and in this exploratory study we focus on the latter, also called lacunae. Capitalising on the system of equivalence types and features for linking wordnet senses (Rudnicka et al. 2019), we present a semi-automatic, rule-based diagnostic system developed specifically for systematic detection and classification of gaps and mismatches between wordnets. First, focusing on noun synsets, we aim to identify those network fragments that are the most prone to reveal lexical and referential gaps (Svensén 2009). Second, we attempt to identify areas in an interlinked Polish-English wordnet that require resource expansion or modification of the existing network of inter-lingual relations.
{"title":"In Search of Gaps between Languages and Wordnets: the Case of Polish-English WordNet","authors":"E. Rudnicka, Łukasz Grabowski, Maciej Piasecki, Tomasz Naskret","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The results of manual mapping of Polish plWordNet onto English Princeton WordNet revealed a number of gaps and mismatches between those interlinked lexical resources. Preliminary studies have shown that they embrace wordnet-specific and language-specific differences, and in this exploratory study we focus on the latter, also called lacunae. Capitalising on the system of equivalence types and features for linking wordnet senses (Rudnicka et al. 2019), we present a semi-automatic, rule-based diagnostic system developed specifically for systematic detection and classification of gaps and mismatches between wordnets. First, focusing on noun synsets, we aim to identify those network fragments that are the most prone to reveal lexical and referential gaps (Svensén 2009). Second, we attempt to identify areas in an interlinked Polish-English wordnet that require resource expansion or modification of the existing network of inter-lingual relations.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47667715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there is a general consensus about the importance of providing access to combinatorial information in specialized dictionaries and term banks, few terminological resources actually record collocations. More importantly, since most terminological resources are concept-based, their structures are not adapted to the description of this linguistic phenomenon. This paper presents a methodology and descriptive model designed to include Chinese collocations in a multilingual resource which focuses on environment terminology. The methodology is corpusbased and the descriptive model (based on Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (Mel’?uk et al., 1995)) aims to account for the lexico-semantic properties of collocations. We first comment on the characteristics of Chinese collocations that need to be taken into consideration and that can differ from collocations in other languages. Then, we describe the DiCoEnviro, a multilingual terminological resource on the environment, and the methodology devised to compile it. We then focus on collocations and explain how some parts of the methodology for their collection and lexicographical description need to be adapted to Chinese.
尽管人们普遍认为在专业词典和术语库中提供对组合信息的访问很重要，但很少有术语资源实际上记录了组合。更重要的是，由于大多数术语资源都是以概念为基础的，它们的结构并不适合于对这种语言现象的描述。本文提出了一种方法和描述模型，旨在将中文搭配纳入一个多语言资源，重点是环境术语。方法是基于语料库和描述模型(基于解释和组合词汇学(Mel ' ?UK et al.， 1995))旨在解释搭配的词汇语义属性。我们首先评论了汉语搭配需要考虑的特点，这些特点可能与其他语言的搭配不同。然后，我们描述了DiCoEnviro，一个关于环境的多语言术语资源，以及设计用于编译它的方法。然后，我们将重点放在搭配上，并解释他们的收集和词典描述的方法的某些部分如何适应中文。
{"title":"Adding Chinese to a multilingual terminological resource","authors":"Zhiwei Han, Marie-Claude L’Homme","doi":"10.1558/lexi.20168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20168","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a general consensus about the importance of providing access to combinatorial information in specialized dictionaries and term banks, few terminological resources actually record collocations. More importantly, since most terminological resources are concept-based, their structures are not adapted to the description of this linguistic phenomenon. This paper presents a methodology and descriptive model designed to include Chinese collocations in a multilingual resource which focuses on environment terminology. The methodology is corpusbased and the descriptive model (based on Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (Mel’?uk et al., 1995)) aims to account for the lexico-semantic properties of collocations. We first comment on the characteristics of Chinese collocations that need to be taken into consideration and that can differ from collocations in other languages. Then, we describe the DiCoEnviro, a multilingual terminological resource on the environment, and the methodology devised to compile it. We then focus on collocations and explain how some parts of the methodology for their collection and lexicographical description need to be adapted to Chinese.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90578515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whereas a number of studies have been conducted towards representing knowledge linked with terms, terminological knowledge still demands further exploration due to its diversity and intricacy. Although much recent cognitive terminological research has examined either frames or event structures based on specialized contexts and hence has helped improve the clarification of relevant knowledge representation, other types of knowledge structures tied to terms like metaphoric and metonymic structures as well as conceptual blending processes of terms have not yet been adequately investigated. In view of this gap, we put forward a cognitive integrated model (CIM), attempting to integrate cognitive structures and construction of terms in a holistic manner. In this study, we mainly center on integration of the decontextualized part: the adapted (ECM1), conceptual metaphor (CM1), conceptual metonymy (CM2), and conceptual blending (CB1) in light of terminological definitions without context, acting as offline knowledge of terms. Integration of the contextualized part is briefly discussed, merely about the adjusted ECM within context (ECM2) as online knowledge. The tentative incorporation of both offline and online knowledge of terms derives at least five particular variants of the CIM: ECM1+ECM2, ECM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2. Accordingly, both definition-based and usage-based methods are exploited, respectively backed up by dictionaries or professional works and corpora, etc. We subsequently apply the five variants to representing Event-Domain Cognitive Model knowledge of international trade terms previously seldom explored in terminology. It turns out that the cognitive integrated perspective contributes to enriching knowledge representation of the terms by exposing diverse knowledge structures and conceptual construction.
{"title":"Enriching Knowledge Representation of Terminology","authors":"Yi Peng, Bei-Bei Luo, Chenxing Xiao","doi":"10.1558/lexi.20443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20443","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas a number of studies have been conducted towards representing knowledge linked with terms, terminological knowledge still demands further exploration due to its diversity and intricacy. Although much recent cognitive terminological research has examined either frames or event structures based on specialized contexts and hence has helped improve the clarification of relevant knowledge representation, other types of knowledge structures tied to terms like metaphoric and metonymic structures as well as conceptual blending processes of terms have not yet been adequately investigated. In view of this gap, we put forward a cognitive integrated model (CIM), attempting to integrate cognitive structures and construction of terms in a holistic manner. In this study, we mainly center on integration of the decontextualized part: the adapted (ECM1), conceptual metaphor (CM1), conceptual metonymy (CM2), and conceptual blending (CB1) in light of terminological definitions without context, acting as offline knowledge of terms. Integration of the contextualized part is briefly discussed, merely about the adjusted ECM within context (ECM2) as online knowledge. The tentative incorporation of both offline and online knowledge of terms derives at least five particular variants of the CIM: ECM1+ECM2, ECM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2. Accordingly, both definition-based and usage-based methods are exploited, respectively backed up by dictionaries or professional works and corpora, etc. We subsequently apply the five variants to representing Event-Domain Cognitive Model knowledge of international trade terms previously seldom explored in terminology. It turns out that the cognitive integrated perspective contributes to enriching knowledge representation of the terms by exposing diverse knowledge structures and conceptual construction.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88460614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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