This article presents the compilation of entries for English abbreviations starting with A, which is part of a larger work, the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations (CSDA), which is available on the Termania webpage. The structure of the entries was determined following an analysis of the layout and characteristics of entries in English dictionaries of abbreviations. Eleven Slovene terminological dictionaries and seven English dictionaries of abbreviations were examined to determine the structure of the entries. Based on the examples presented, a compilation structure was determined, and examples of entries for English abbreviations starting with A are presented. The structure used for the English abbreviations is an example of good practice that will be used in further compilation of CSDA.
{"title":"Compilation of English Entries in the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations","authors":"Mojca Kompara Lukančič","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents the compilation of entries for English abbreviations starting with A, which is part of a larger work, the Contemporary Slovene Dictionary of Abbreviations (CSDA), which is available on the Termania webpage. The structure of the entries was determined following an analysis of the layout and characteristics of entries in English dictionaries of abbreviations. Eleven Slovene terminological dictionaries and seven English dictionaries of abbreviations were examined to determine the structure of the entries. Based on the examples presented, a compilation structure was determined, and examples of entries for English abbreviations starting with A are presented. The structure used for the English abbreviations is an example of good practice that will be used in further compilation of CSDA.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43758143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sarah Ogilvie, ed. 2020. The Cambridge Companion to English Dictionaries","authors":"Fredric T. Dolezal","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Reviews Editor","authors":"Gang Zhao, Yanwei Wu","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the temporal labels and other specifications of time affixed to twenty-five words in monolingual dictionaries of English. The selection of works studied includes learners’, collegiate, and general-purpose dictionaries, both British and American. In addition, the treatment of the lexemes in the Oxford English Dictionary is noted. The analysis reveals some clear differences between the different types of dictionaries in the overall propensity to furnish temporal labels and other specifications of time. The terminology employed to convey such information varies from one group of dictionaries to another. There is also plenty of variation between the individual volumes inside each group. The target audience of the works examined varies, which explains some of the differences in the treatment of particular lexemes. In general, Osselton’s calls for more consistent terminology in the labelling of old words, presented several decades ago, are still valid. The differences between the labels are not always clear, and the explanations in the front matter of the dictionary may be lacking or unhelpful.
{"title":"Temporal Labels and Specifications in Monolingual English Dictionaries","authors":"J. Norri","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article examines the temporal labels and other specifications of time affixed to twenty-five words in monolingual dictionaries of English. The selection of works studied includes learners’, collegiate, and general-purpose dictionaries, both British and American. In addition, the treatment of the lexemes in the Oxford English Dictionary is noted. The analysis reveals some clear differences between the different types of dictionaries in the overall propensity to furnish temporal labels and other specifications of time. The terminology employed to convey such information varies from one group of dictionaries to another. There is also plenty of variation between the individual volumes inside each group. The target audience of the works examined varies, which explains some of the differences in the treatment of particular lexemes. In general, Osselton’s calls for more consistent terminology in the labelling of old words, presented several decades ago, are still valid. The differences between the labels are not always clear, and the explanations in the front matter of the dictionary may be lacking or unhelpful.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45370282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the translation stage in LSP bilingual lexicography, where the condition of equivalence lies in the terminological/conceptual identity of the terms used in different linguistic systems. To this end, case study research was done on the corpus of the English-Serbian Dictionary of Waste Management. Seeking to provide a more extensive picture of the rendition of specialized terms, the authors propose a systematic translation framework by combining traditional Translation Theory with the modern Function Theory of Lexicography. Therefore, the LSP dictionary counterparts were analyzed from the perspectives of both theories, using a mixed translation model for both single and compound words. This paper aims to resolve the question of why the translation of the specialized dictionary terms produced the result it had, the explanation of which might help compile modern LSP bilingual dictionaries from English into Serbian, or into other languages of South-East Slavic origin.
{"title":"The Translation Stage in LSP Lexicography: A Mixed Translation Model For LSP Bilingual Dictionary Terms","authors":"Marina Katić, Predrag Novakov","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper focuses on the translation stage in LSP bilingual lexicography, where the condition of equivalence lies in the terminological/conceptual identity of the terms used in different linguistic systems. To this end, case study research was done on the corpus of the English-Serbian Dictionary of Waste Management. Seeking to provide a more extensive picture of the rendition of specialized terms, the authors propose a systematic translation framework by combining traditional Translation Theory with the modern Function Theory of Lexicography. Therefore, the LSP dictionary counterparts were analyzed from the perspectives of both theories, using a mixed translation model for both single and compound words. This paper aims to resolve the question of why the translation of the specialized dictionary terms produced the result it had, the explanation of which might help compile modern LSP bilingual dictionaries from English into Serbian, or into other languages of South-East Slavic origin.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rudnicka, Łukasz Grabowski, Maciej Piasecki, Tomasz Naskret
The results of manual mapping of Polish plWordNet onto English Princeton WordNet revealed a number of gaps and mismatches between those interlinked lexical resources. Preliminary studies have shown that they embrace wordnet-specific and language-specific differences, and in this exploratory study we focus on the latter, also called lacunae. Capitalising on the system of equivalence types and features for linking wordnet senses (Rudnicka et al. 2019), we present a semi-automatic, rule-based diagnostic system developed specifically for systematic detection and classification of gaps and mismatches between wordnets. First, focusing on noun synsets, we aim to identify those network fragments that are the most prone to reveal lexical and referential gaps (Svensén 2009). Second, we attempt to identify areas in an interlinked Polish-English wordnet that require resource expansion or modification of the existing network of inter-lingual relations.
{"title":"In Search of Gaps between Languages and Wordnets: the Case of Polish-English WordNet","authors":"E. Rudnicka, Łukasz Grabowski, Maciej Piasecki, Tomasz Naskret","doi":"10.1093/ijl/ecac005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecac005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The results of manual mapping of Polish plWordNet onto English Princeton WordNet revealed a number of gaps and mismatches between those interlinked lexical resources. Preliminary studies have shown that they embrace wordnet-specific and language-specific differences, and in this exploratory study we focus on the latter, also called lacunae. Capitalising on the system of equivalence types and features for linking wordnet senses (Rudnicka et al. 2019), we present a semi-automatic, rule-based diagnostic system developed specifically for systematic detection and classification of gaps and mismatches between wordnets. First, focusing on noun synsets, we aim to identify those network fragments that are the most prone to reveal lexical and referential gaps (Svensén 2009). Second, we attempt to identify areas in an interlinked Polish-English wordnet that require resource expansion or modification of the existing network of inter-lingual relations.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47667715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although there is a general consensus about the importance of providing access to combinatorial information in specialized dictionaries and term banks, few terminological resources actually record collocations. More importantly, since most terminological resources are concept-based, their structures are not adapted to the description of this linguistic phenomenon. This paper presents a methodology and descriptive model designed to include Chinese collocations in a multilingual resource which focuses on environment terminology. The methodology is corpusbased and the descriptive model (based on Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (Mel’?uk et al., 1995)) aims to account for the lexico-semantic properties of collocations. We first comment on the characteristics of Chinese collocations that need to be taken into consideration and that can differ from collocations in other languages. Then, we describe the DiCoEnviro, a multilingual terminological resource on the environment, and the methodology devised to compile it. We then focus on collocations and explain how some parts of the methodology for their collection and lexicographical description need to be adapted to Chinese.
尽管人们普遍认为在专业词典和术语库中提供对组合信息的访问很重要，但很少有术语资源实际上记录了组合。更重要的是，由于大多数术语资源都是以概念为基础的，它们的结构并不适合于对这种语言现象的描述。本文提出了一种方法和描述模型，旨在将中文搭配纳入一个多语言资源，重点是环境术语。方法是基于语料库和描述模型(基于解释和组合词汇学(Mel ' ?UK et al.， 1995))旨在解释搭配的词汇语义属性。我们首先评论了汉语搭配需要考虑的特点，这些特点可能与其他语言的搭配不同。然后，我们描述了DiCoEnviro，一个关于环境的多语言术语资源，以及设计用于编译它的方法。然后，我们将重点放在搭配上，并解释他们的收集和词典描述的方法的某些部分如何适应中文。
{"title":"Adding Chinese to a multilingual terminological resource","authors":"Zhiwei Han, Marie-Claude L’Homme","doi":"10.1558/lexi.20168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20168","url":null,"abstract":"Although there is a general consensus about the importance of providing access to combinatorial information in specialized dictionaries and term banks, few terminological resources actually record collocations. More importantly, since most terminological resources are concept-based, their structures are not adapted to the description of this linguistic phenomenon. This paper presents a methodology and descriptive model designed to include Chinese collocations in a multilingual resource which focuses on environment terminology. The methodology is corpusbased and the descriptive model (based on Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology (Mel’?uk et al., 1995)) aims to account for the lexico-semantic properties of collocations. We first comment on the characteristics of Chinese collocations that need to be taken into consideration and that can differ from collocations in other languages. Then, we describe the DiCoEnviro, a multilingual terminological resource on the environment, and the methodology devised to compile it. We then focus on collocations and explain how some parts of the methodology for their collection and lexicographical description need to be adapted to Chinese.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90578515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whereas a number of studies have been conducted towards representing knowledge linked with terms, terminological knowledge still demands further exploration due to its diversity and intricacy. Although much recent cognitive terminological research has examined either frames or event structures based on specialized contexts and hence has helped improve the clarification of relevant knowledge representation, other types of knowledge structures tied to terms like metaphoric and metonymic structures as well as conceptual blending processes of terms have not yet been adequately investigated. In view of this gap, we put forward a cognitive integrated model (CIM), attempting to integrate cognitive structures and construction of terms in a holistic manner. In this study, we mainly center on integration of the decontextualized part: the adapted (ECM1), conceptual metaphor (CM1), conceptual metonymy (CM2), and conceptual blending (CB1) in light of terminological definitions without context, acting as offline knowledge of terms. Integration of the contextualized part is briefly discussed, merely about the adjusted ECM within context (ECM2) as online knowledge. The tentative incorporation of both offline and online knowledge of terms derives at least five particular variants of the CIM: ECM1+ECM2, ECM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2. Accordingly, both definition-based and usage-based methods are exploited, respectively backed up by dictionaries or professional works and corpora, etc. We subsequently apply the five variants to representing Event-Domain Cognitive Model knowledge of international trade terms previously seldom explored in terminology. It turns out that the cognitive integrated perspective contributes to enriching knowledge representation of the terms by exposing diverse knowledge structures and conceptual construction.
{"title":"Enriching Knowledge Representation of Terminology","authors":"Yi Peng, Bei-Bei Luo, Chenxing Xiao","doi":"10.1558/lexi.20443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.20443","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas a number of studies have been conducted towards representing knowledge linked with terms, terminological knowledge still demands further exploration due to its diversity and intricacy. Although much recent cognitive terminological research has examined either frames or event structures based on specialized contexts and hence has helped improve the clarification of relevant knowledge representation, other types of knowledge structures tied to terms like metaphoric and metonymic structures as well as conceptual blending processes of terms have not yet been adequately investigated. In view of this gap, we put forward a cognitive integrated model (CIM), attempting to integrate cognitive structures and construction of terms in a holistic manner. In this study, we mainly center on integration of the decontextualized part: the adapted (ECM1), conceptual metaphor (CM1), conceptual metonymy (CM2), and conceptual blending (CB1) in light of terminological definitions without context, acting as offline knowledge of terms. Integration of the contextualized part is briefly discussed, merely about the adjusted ECM within context (ECM2) as online knowledge. The tentative incorporation of both offline and online knowledge of terms derives at least five particular variants of the CIM: ECM1+ECM2, ECM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2, ECM1+CM1+CM2+CB1+ECM2. Accordingly, both definition-based and usage-based methods are exploited, respectively backed up by dictionaries or professional works and corpora, etc. We subsequently apply the five variants to representing Event-Domain Cognitive Model knowledge of international trade terms previously seldom explored in terminology. It turns out that the cognitive integrated perspective contributes to enriching knowledge representation of the terms by exposing diverse knowledge structures and conceptual construction.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88460614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japanese loanwords in Chinese are currently not accepted as legitimate loanwords in the general loanword framework (Haspelmath and Tadmor, 2009a), mainly because they are considered to be graphic loans (Masini, 1997; Tranter, 2009) and not sound-meaning borrowings. This paper formulates a counterargument, developed mainly from the perspective of the Chinese scholarship: it focuses on how graphemic borrowing impacts the judgment of loanwordness and the types of resolving strategies that have been developed. The origin of word form, word meaning, and the pathways of historical borrowing particularly stand out as non-linguistic factors of loanwordness. Based on a metaanalysis of 25 studies of Japanese loanwords in Chinese, the authors propose a typology of Japanese loanwords in Chinese that bridges the Western and the Chinese frameworks. To put forward a concrete example, we compile a list of 2,920 Japanese loanwords in Chinese, which are discussed by at least three scholars, ordered by degrees of agreement within the Chinese scholarship. We compare this list against the vocabulary list of the World Loanword Database and demonstrate that Wiebusch and Tadmor (2009), in ignoring Japanese loanwords, also omits numerous loanwords in Chinese. We echo Tranter (2009) in arguing that Japanese loanwords in Chinese can be classified as material borrowing, putting graphemic borrowing on the same footing with phonetic borrowing, since graphemic borrowing is not limited to, though preferred by, the Chinese writing system. We demonstrate this by comparing how writing systems impact borrowing.
目前汉语日语外来词在一般外来词框架中不被接受为合法的外来词(Haspelmath and Tadmor, 2009a)，主要是因为它们被认为是图形外来词(Masini, 1997;Tranter, 2009)，而不是有意义的借用。本文主要从中国学术的角度提出了一个相反的论点:它侧重于文字借用如何影响对借词性的判断，以及已经开发的解决策略的类型。词形、词义的起源以及历史借用的途径作为外来词的非语言因素尤为突出。在对25项日语外来词研究进行meta分析的基础上，作者提出了一种连接中西方框架的日语外来词类型学。为了提出一个具体的例子，我们编制了一个由至少三位学者讨论的2,920个日语汉语外来词的清单，按照中国学术界的一致程度排序。我们将此表与世界外来词数据库的词汇表进行比较，发现Wiebusch and Tadmor(2009)在忽略日语外来词的同时，也忽略了大量汉语外来词。我们赞同Tranter(2009)的观点，认为汉语中的日语外来词可以归类为物质借用，将字形借用与语音借用置于同一地位，因为字形借用并不局限于汉语书写系统，尽管它更受欢迎。我们通过比较书写系统对借阅的影响来证明这一点。
{"title":"Japanese Neologisms in Chinese","authors":"C. Schmidt, Chien-shou Chen","doi":"10.1558/lexi.21513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.21513","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese loanwords in Chinese are currently not accepted as legitimate loanwords in the general loanword framework (Haspelmath and Tadmor, 2009a), mainly because they are considered to be graphic loans (Masini, 1997; Tranter, 2009) and not sound-meaning borrowings. This paper formulates a counterargument, developed mainly from the perspective of the Chinese scholarship: it focuses on how graphemic borrowing impacts the judgment of loanwordness and the types of resolving strategies that have been developed. The origin of word form, word meaning, and the pathways of historical borrowing particularly stand out as non-linguistic factors of loanwordness. Based on a metaanalysis of 25 studies of Japanese loanwords in Chinese, the authors propose a typology of Japanese loanwords in Chinese that bridges the Western and the Chinese frameworks. To put forward a concrete example, we compile a list of 2,920 Japanese loanwords in Chinese, which are discussed by at least three scholars, ordered by degrees of agreement within the Chinese scholarship. We compare this list against the vocabulary list of the World Loanword Database and demonstrate that Wiebusch and Tadmor (2009), in ignoring Japanese loanwords, also omits numerous loanwords in Chinese. We echo Tranter (2009) in arguing that Japanese loanwords in Chinese can be classified as material borrowing, putting graphemic borrowing on the same footing with phonetic borrowing, since graphemic borrowing is not limited to, though preferred by, the Chinese writing system. We demonstrate this by comparing how writing systems impact borrowing.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82445835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among culture-bound vocabulary items, we typically find names of realia, but also lexemes not immediately identifiable as such, but which are perhaps even more important as indications of culture specificity: words that reflect the ways of thinking and acting deemed appropriate in a given cultural milieu. This paper deals with one such item, which, according to Anna Wierzbicka (2006, 2014), is an essential component of Anglo values: the adjective fair in its moral sense. The analysis is meant to establish how successful dictionaries for learners of English are in rendering its nuances of meaning.
{"title":"Learners’ dictionaries and an English cultural keyword","authors":"Arleta Adamska-Sałaciak","doi":"10.1558/lexi.21667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.21667","url":null,"abstract":"Among culture-bound vocabulary items, we typically find names of realia, but also lexemes not immediately identifiable as such, but which are perhaps even more important as indications of culture specificity: words that reflect the ways of thinking and acting deemed appropriate in a given cultural milieu. This paper deals with one such item, which, according to Anna Wierzbicka (2006, 2014), is an essential component of Anglo values: the adjective fair in its moral sense. The analysis is meant to establish how successful dictionaries for learners of English are in rendering its nuances of meaning.","PeriodicalId":45657,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lexicography","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84803898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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