This article seeks to show that, although factor analysis (mostly in its exploratory version) is a method frequently applied by social-science researchers (it is often also discussed in basic data analysis textbooks), only a very basic version of it is used, with settings that are far from optimal. However, what settings are used can have major implications, primarily in the form of conceptual problems, where the exploratory version is often used instead of the confirmatory version. Other settings used can also have an impact on the results. These are mainly partial options, which are used mainly in the exploratory version, in particular the choice of the correct correlation coefficients, the choice of method for the initial extraction of factors, the choice of the rotation method and the choice of the number of factors with which we want to work in the exploratory version. The text discusses the algorithms for ordinal variables, and the possibility of determining the number of factors through parallel analysis or MAP. The practical example discusses the advantages of the oblique rotation of factors. The article seeks to highlight good practices that best reflect the current state of the art of quantitative methodology and statistics. In addition to the general guidelines, the article contains practical advice about software and recommends a procedural schema for using factor analysis.
{"title":"Faktorová analýza jako známá neznámá (aneb metoda hlavních komponent a varimax nejsou vždy ideální postup)","authors":"Petr Soukup","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2021.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2021.021","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to show that, although factor analysis (mostly in its exploratory version) is a method frequently applied by social-science researchers (it is often also discussed in basic data analysis textbooks), only a very basic version of it is used, with settings that are far from optimal. However, what settings are used can have major implications, primarily in the form of conceptual problems, where the exploratory version is often used instead of the confirmatory version. Other settings used can also have an impact on the results. These are mainly partial options, which are used mainly in the exploratory version, in particular the choice of the correct correlation coefficients, the choice of method for the initial extraction of factors, the choice of the rotation method and the choice of the number of factors with which we want to work in the exploratory version. The text discusses the algorithms for ordinal variables, and the possibility of determining the number of factors through parallel analysis or MAP. The practical example discusses the advantages of the oblique rotation of factors. The article seeks to highlight good practices that best reflect the current state of the art of quantitative methodology and statistics. In addition to the general guidelines, the article contains practical advice about software and recommends a procedural schema for using factor analysis.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"111 1","pages":"455-484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89488610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevailing public perception of Luník IX, a Roma district in the Slovak city of Košice, is that it represents the story of an originally urban green space, one of the best for healthy living given its fresh air and proximity to the forest, that was destroyed by ‘naïve’ decision-makers and ‘irresponsible’ Roma. This article, based on a combination of qualitative sociological and historical research, questions this narrative and deems it a myth. The district’s proximity to a landfill and the consequent environmental effects of this played a decisive role in its ghettoisation, yet these factors have never been systematically analysed and discussed. Although Luník IX was not officially and originally designed as a ghetto, it became one as a result of structural, social, and environmental factors. Utilising the conceptual and theoretical framework of environmental justice, the article focuses on the spatial distribution of the adverse environmental effects in relation to social and ethnic factors. The case of Luník IX, with its roots in the period of a centrally planned economy, provides a unique opportunity to make a comparative study of the social processes from a historical perspective. It allows us to analyse the mechanism of decision-making in an avowedly non-capitalist society, where in reality we see many similarities in how income inequality between richer and poorer neighbourhoods, together with ethnic/racial factors, has shaped the city. keywords: environmental justice, Roma ethnic minority, Luník IX, urban
{"title":"Making the Ghetto at Luník IX in Slovakia: People, Landfill, and the Myth of the Urban Green Space","authors":"Richard Filčák, Ondřej Ficeri","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2021.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2021.020","url":null,"abstract":"The prevailing public perception of Luník IX, a Roma district in the Slovak city of Košice, is that it represents the story of an originally urban green space, one of the best for healthy living given its fresh air and proximity to the forest, that was destroyed by ‘naïve’ decision-makers and ‘irresponsible’ Roma. This article, based on a combination of qualitative sociological and historical research, questions this narrative and deems it a myth. The district’s proximity to a landfill and the consequent environmental effects of this played a decisive role in its ghettoisation, yet these factors have never been systematically analysed and discussed. Although Luník IX was not officially and originally designed as a ghetto, it became one as a result of structural, social, and environmental factors. Utilising the conceptual and theoretical framework of environmental justice, the article focuses on the spatial distribution of the adverse environmental effects in relation to social and ethnic factors. The case of Luník IX, with its roots in the period of a centrally planned economy, provides a unique opportunity to make a comparative study of the social processes from a historical perspective. It allows us to analyse the mechanism of decision-making in an avowedly non-capitalist society, where in reality we see many similarities in how income inequality between richer and poorer neighbourhoods, together with ethnic/racial factors, has shaped the city. keywords: environmental justice, Roma ethnic minority, Luník IX, urban","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46724505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Older age, especially advanced age, is accompanied by changes in the social relations amongst the elderly and specifically by a decrease in the size of their social networks: peers pass away and contact with other people may be restricted, often due to declining physical and mental strength. Gerontosociology notes the elderly's preferential focus on the family, which is usually defined in terms of intergenerational relationships and a support network in old age. Relationships with siblings lie outside the research interest of gerontosociology because they are considered peer relationships, which is to say that they, too, are subject to the effects of ageing and old age and, consequently, are less reliable as a source of help or care. However, the article shows that the elderly assign meaning to their relationships with their siblings, which go beyond mere instrumental assistance and which challenges the generally accepted view that sibling bonds are of secondary importance compared to relationships between older parents and adult children. The article answers the question of what the essence of siblinghood in old age is, its possible forms, and in what ways (according to what rules) the elderly maintain or develop sibling relationships - how they communicate in interactions with each other and in interactions with other members of their family of procreation and their shared family of origin. The article is based on the results of an analysis of data from a qualitative study carried out by conducting unstructured individual and group interviews as part of the project 'Greying Siblinghood: Sociological Study of Siblinghood in Late Adulthood'. In the theoretical framework of interpretive sociology, in which the article is anchored, both the key concepts of the relationist approach (family configuration, relatedness, belongingness, practices and rules of kinship interaction) and the concept of kinship ambivalence come to the forefront.
{"title":"Sourozenectví ve stáří – vztahy „na okraji“?","authors":"Dana Sýkorová","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2021.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2021.013","url":null,"abstract":"Older age, especially advanced age, is accompanied by changes in the social relations amongst the elderly and specifically by a decrease in the size of their social networks: peers pass away and contact with other people may be restricted, often due to declining physical and mental strength. Gerontosociology notes the elderly's preferential focus on the family, which is usually defined in terms of intergenerational relationships and a support network in old age. Relationships with siblings lie outside the research interest of gerontosociology because they are considered peer relationships, which is to say that they, too, are subject to the effects of ageing and old age and, consequently, are less reliable as a source of help or care. However, the article shows that the elderly assign meaning to their relationships with their siblings, which go beyond mere instrumental assistance and which challenges the generally accepted view that sibling bonds are of secondary importance compared to relationships between older parents and adult children. The article answers the question of what the essence of siblinghood in old age is, its possible forms, and in what ways (according to what rules) the elderly maintain or develop sibling relationships - how they communicate in interactions with each other and in interactions with other members of their family of procreation and their shared family of origin. The article is based on the results of an analysis of data from a qualitative study carried out by conducting unstructured individual and group interviews as part of the project 'Greying Siblinghood: Sociological Study of Siblinghood in Late Adulthood'. In the theoretical framework of interpretive sociology, in which the article is anchored, both the key concepts of the relationist approach (family configuration, relatedness, belongingness, practices and rules of kinship interaction) and the concept of kinship ambivalence come to the forefront.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"84 1","pages":"193-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How will the instability and diversity of family forms today impact the nature of people's close social relationships in the future when they are older? In this article I examine how the social participation of older adults is impacted by their different partnership histories. I am particularly interested in whether there are any differences in the social participation (activities involving contact with family, friends, acquaintances, children, grandchildren) of people who experienced divorce in life (I use a decomposition of the divorce rate to distinguish between those who had this experience when they were relatively young, middle-aged, or older). The data source for this analysis is the panel survey 'Dynamics of Change in Czech Society' and especially one unique component of the survey, which are the diaries on how people spend their time. Out of the total sample of respondents who maintained daily diary entries, I analyse the responses of those over the age of 60. The hypotheses that a lower level of social participation would be observed among people who had experienced divorced and that divorcing later in life would have a stronger negative effect on social participation are not confirmed by the data. The level of social participation measured using time-use diaries is found to be comparable across different partnership histories and irrespective of when in life a person gets divorced. In the conclusion of the article, I discuss these findings in a criticism of the overly negative paradigm that governs research on divorce in the social sciences.
{"title":"Sociální participace ve vyšším věku ve vztahu k partnerské dráze","authors":"Petr Fučík","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2021.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2021.012","url":null,"abstract":"How will the instability and diversity of family forms today impact the nature of people's close social relationships in the future when they are older? In this article I examine how the social participation of older adults is impacted by their different partnership histories. I am particularly interested in whether there are any differences in the social participation (activities involving contact with family, friends, acquaintances, children, grandchildren) of people who experienced divorce in life (I use a decomposition of the divorce rate to distinguish between those who had this experience when they were relatively young, middle-aged, or older). The data source for this analysis is the panel survey 'Dynamics of Change in Czech Society' and especially one unique component of the survey, which are the diaries on how people spend their time. Out of the total sample of respondents who maintained daily diary entries, I analyse the responses of those over the age of 60. The hypotheses that a lower level of social participation would be observed among people who had experienced divorced and that divorcing later in life would have a stronger negative effect on social participation are not confirmed by the data. The level of social participation measured using time-use diaries is found to be comparable across different partnership histories and irrespective of when in life a person gets divorced. In the conclusion of the article, I discuss these findings in a criticism of the overly negative paradigm that governs research on divorce in the social sciences.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"39 1","pages":"165-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90739824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the association between coresidence with grandparents in three-generational households and the academic performance of 15-year-old students in the Czech Republic. The conceptual part focuses on intergenerational relationships and multigenerational coresidence in the Czech Republic and summarises past research on the links between coresidence with grandparents, family structure, and academic performance. The aim of this article is to find out if there is an association between coresidence with grandparents and an adolescent's academic performance, and if there is to discover whether the association is different for two-parent and one-parent families and whether it can be explained by the families' socioeconomic status. Data from PISA 2012 are used to investigate the association with mathematics, reading, and science literacy test scores as an indicator of school achievement. The results of the analysis revealed a weak positive association between coresidence with grandparents and adolescents' academic performance. The association becomes statistically significant when controlling for socioeconomic status and is not significantly different in two-parent and one-parent families. The results suggest that there is a positive association between three-generational coresidence and 15-year-old students' academic performance, but it is partially suppressed by the families' socioeconomic status.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Coresidence with Grandparents and Academic Performance of 15-Year-Old Students from Two-Parent and One-Parent Families","authors":"Dominika Sladká","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the association between coresidence with grandparents in three-generational households and the academic performance of 15-year-old students in the Czech Republic. The conceptual part focuses on intergenerational relationships and multigenerational coresidence in the Czech Republic and summarises past research on the links between coresidence with grandparents, family structure, and academic performance. The aim of this article is to find out if there is an association between coresidence with grandparents and an adolescent's academic performance, and if there is to discover whether the association is different for two-parent and one-parent families and whether it can be explained by the families' socioeconomic status. Data from PISA 2012 are used to investigate the association with mathematics, reading, and science literacy test scores as an indicator of school achievement. The results of the analysis revealed a weak positive association between coresidence with grandparents and adolescents' academic performance. The association becomes statistically significant when controlling for socioeconomic status and is not significantly different in two-parent and one-parent families. The results suggest that there is a positive association between three-generational coresidence and 15-year-old students' academic performance, but it is partially suppressed by the families' socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"40 1","pages":"25-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87998696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines how the public acceptance of divorce has changed in European countries in recent decades. Taking advantage of the large-scale, comparative, and long-run measurement of value orientations in the European Values Study 1981-2017 it focuses on value change connected with divorce in a macro perspective. The article explores the acceptance of divorce in three aspects: 1) it measures and compares the trends in the acceptance of divorce in various European societies between 1981(1991) and 2017 and contrasts these trends with the data on divorce rates in these countries; (2) it explores the consistency/correlation between divorce attitudes and the affinitive value orientations associated in the broader set of values connected with the concept of the deinstitutionalisation of marriage; (3) it looks for the correlates of divorce acceptance and the changes in acceptance over time at the individual level (sex, education, cohort, family background, religiosity). Because of the descriptive nature of the research, no hypotheses are tested. The results show that divorce acceptance is rising over time in all EVS countries, and the acceptance is connected to divorce levels in given societies. Attitudes towards divorce form a consistent set of values together with other marriage deinstitutionalisation indicators. The acceptance of divorce correlates on an individual level with age, education, and religion, but surprisingly there is only weak difference between men and women.
{"title":"Trends in Divorce Acceptance and Its Correlates across European Countries","authors":"P. Fučík","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.053","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how the public acceptance of divorce has changed in European countries in recent decades. Taking advantage of the large-scale, comparative, and long-run measurement of value orientations in the European Values Study 1981-2017 it focuses on value change connected with divorce in a macro perspective. The article explores the acceptance of divorce in three aspects: 1) it measures and compares the trends in the acceptance of divorce in various European societies between 1981(1991) and 2017 and contrasts these trends with the data on divorce rates in these countries; (2) it explores the consistency/correlation between divorce attitudes and the affinitive value orientations associated in the broader set of values connected with the concept of the deinstitutionalisation of marriage; (3) it looks for the correlates of divorce acceptance and the changes in acceptance over time at the individual level (sex, education, cohort, family background, religiosity). Because of the descriptive nature of the research, no hypotheses are tested. The results show that divorce acceptance is rising over time in all EVS countries, and the acceptance is connected to divorce levels in given societies. Attitudes towards divorce form a consistent set of values together with other marriage deinstitutionalisation indicators. The acceptance of divorce correlates on an individual level with age, education, and religion, but surprisingly there is only weak difference between men and women.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46822074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1920 - A Caesura in Social Theory?","authors":"W. Outhwaite","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"03 1","pages":"897-909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76303910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individual-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-income countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger generations in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern values than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.
{"title":"Value Modernisation in Central and Eastern European Countries: How Does Inglehart's Theory Work?","authors":"Beatrice Elena Chromková Manea, L. Rabušic","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.033","url":null,"abstract":"An intergenerational shift from more pro-family norms to individual-choice norms has been taking place since the 1980s. Conditions of economic and social security positively contributed to this shift especially in high-income countries. In this paper, we study the modernisation change on value structures in selected Central and Eastern European countries and compare them with Western European ones and look at the generational differences. We first check whether the value shift is moving in the assumed direction and whether it is copying trends observed in Western European countries. We then look at different generations to determine whether the younger generations in CEE countries that grew up after 1989, in a time of rapid economic and political change, show higher levels of post-materialist and post-modern values than the generations socialised and raised during the communist regime. We use data collected by the international repeated cross-sectional European Values Study (EVS). The results are not clear-cut on whether socioeconomic modernisation has led to higher shares of post-materialism, more gender-egalitarian attitudes, and stronger support for individual-choice norms in CEE countries. In all the spheres of cultural modernisation analysed we found differences in values and attitudes between generations: the older generations were always more traditional than the younger generations. This was not just true in the CEE countries, as the same trend was recorded in the Western European countries.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"71 1","pages":"699-740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86127783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999-2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.
{"title":"The Work Ethic and Social Change in the Czech Republic and Slovakia - A Modernisation Theory Perspective","authors":"M. Kozák","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.049","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates long-term trends in the work ethic in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from the perspective of modernisation theory. In particular, it examines whether the work ethic in the two culturally similar societies decreased during the years of growing material prosperity and whether this trend originated in intergenerational population replacement. The study uses data from three pooled waves of the European Values Study (EVS) covering the period 1999-2017 to which it applies the linear decomposition technique and multivariate statistical analysis. The results show that, even though the work ethic decreased in the Czech Republic and increased in Slovakia, intergenerational population replacement contributed to its weakening in both countries. Furthermore, the results indicate that the reason this process dominated the overall trend in the Czech Republic but not that in Slovakia may be the historical differences in levels of socioeconomic development and the different paces of population replacement. Finally, tentative evidence in favour of modernisation theory is presented, indicating that population replacement universally contributed to a decrease in the work ethic in all the other European countries with comparable EVS data.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"3 1","pages":"741-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85327944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people's attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents´ background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.
{"title":"Attitudes towards Life and Death in Europe: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Edurne Bartolomé-Peral, L. Coromina","doi":"10.13060/CSR.2020.052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13060/CSR.2020.052","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental aspects of human existence such as birth and death are at the core of our values and profoundly sensitive to our religious beliefs, our ideals as a society, and our opinions on the extent to which individuals may interfere in these basic life issues. This article analyses the factors that explain people's attitudes towards key beginning- and end-of-life issues. To do this, we first tracked variations across two points in time, and then looked at the effects of value orientations and socio-demographic factors in comparative perspective across countries. Based on previous literature, we consider justification for euthanasia, abortion, and in vitro fertilisation as a latent variable using European Value Study data from the 2008 and 2017 waves. Five European societies were analysed: Spain, Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, and Russia. All the countries observed showed growing levels of justification for these practices, although significant differences were found in the value orientation effects and respondents´ background variables on attitudes towards life and death issues. In order to properly address comparability, multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across countries and across waves were conducted, and measurement invariance tested. From our analyses, we can conclude that age and religiosity, alongside other sociodemographic variables, are important explanatory factors in the justification of life and death issues in all the countries examined; however, value orientations show less conclusive effects on such attitudes.","PeriodicalId":45665,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicky Casopis-Czech Sociological Review","volume":"30 1","pages":"835-862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87087719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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