Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2176884
A. Rinaldi, E. Salvaj, Susie Pak, D. S. Halgin
ABSTRACT This article discusses the application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to corporate networks in a long-term and historical perspective. Starting with the basic concepts of corporate networks and the main research themes it has addressed in business history, the article then introduces how historical quantitative archival data can be played with and turned into excel data suitable for the study of social networks by using software such as UCINET. The article then provides two examples of how this methodology has been used at both the macro and the micro levels: national corporate networks in Argentina and Chile from 1900 to 2010 and the social club memberships, partnership ties, and interlocking directorates of J.P. Morgan & Co. in the early twentieth century. Finally, the article discusses new perspectives for the application of SNA in business history.
本文从长远和历史的角度探讨了社会网络分析(Social Network Analysis, SNA)在企业网络中的应用。本文从企业网络的基本概念及其在商业史中所涉及的主要研究主题开始，然后介绍了如何使用UCINET等软件对历史定量档案数据进行处理，并将其转化为适合社交网络研究的excel数据。然后，文章提供了两个例子，说明这种方法是如何在宏观和微观层面上使用的:1900年至2010年阿根廷和智利的国家公司网络，以及20世纪初J.P. Morgan & Co.的社交俱乐部会员资格、合伙关系和连锁董事。最后，本文探讨了SNA在商业史研究中的应用前景。
{"title":"Databases, network analysis and business history","authors":"A. Rinaldi, E. Salvaj, Susie Pak, D. S. Halgin","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2176884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2176884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses the application of Social Network Analysis (SNA) to corporate networks in a long-term and historical perspective. Starting with the basic concepts of corporate networks and the main research themes it has addressed in business history, the article then introduces how historical quantitative archival data can be played with and turned into excel data suitable for the study of social networks by using software such as UCINET. The article then provides two examples of how this methodology has been used at both the macro and the micro levels: national corporate networks in Argentina and Chile from 1900 to 2010 and the social club memberships, partnership ties, and interlocking directorates of J.P. Morgan & Co. in the early twentieth century. Finally, the article discusses new perspectives for the application of SNA in business history.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"69 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2183220
D. Kirsch, S. Decker, Adam Nix, Shubhangkar Girish Jain, Santhilatha Kuppili Venkata
ABSTRACT Historians of business and management increasingly conduct research in digital archives. This article reviews some of the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of born-digital archives. As an example, we focus on scholarly use of large-scale organizational e-mail collections. In addition to allowing researchers to answer traditional questions about innovation, strategy and organizational development, e-mail also permits more granular investigation of new questions, such as those relating to the timing and flow of information inside organizational networks. Knowledge discovery in e-mail requires new search tools. We describe EMCODIST, a prototype tool that we have developed to support search and discovery in e-mail. Scholars interested in learning more are directed to a grant-funded website where versions of the EMCODIST tool support different types of searches.
{"title":"Using born-digital archives for business history: EMCODIST and the case of E-mail","authors":"D. Kirsch, S. Decker, Adam Nix, Shubhangkar Girish Jain, Santhilatha Kuppili Venkata","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2183220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2183220","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Historians of business and management increasingly conduct research in digital archives. This article reviews some of the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of born-digital archives. As an example, we focus on scholarly use of large-scale organizational e-mail collections. In addition to allowing researchers to answer traditional questions about innovation, strategy and organizational development, e-mail also permits more granular investigation of new questions, such as those relating to the timing and flow of information inside organizational networks. Knowledge discovery in e-mail requires new search tools. We describe EMCODIST, a prototype tool that we have developed to support search and discovery in e-mail. Scholars interested in learning more are directed to a grant-funded website where versions of the EMCODIST tool support different types of searches.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"16 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47726096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2182322
J. F. Wilson, Anna Tilba
ABSTRACT In addressing the urgent need for business historians to think about enhancing their relationships with practitioners, we advocate what we term a 'Practical Turn' (as opposed to a 'historic turn' or a 'narrative turn', as proposed by other scholars). Although not entirely original, this 'Practical Turn' is essential if the discipline is to gain greater credibility, especially in management and business schools where most business historians reside. The article addresses some of the challenges faced by business historians, providing evidence to demonstrate that the discipline has much to offer the various worlds of practice.
{"title":"Business history and the ‘practical turn’","authors":"J. F. Wilson, Anna Tilba","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2182322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2182322","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In addressing the urgent need for business historians to think about enhancing their relationships with practitioners, we advocate what we term a 'Practical Turn' (as opposed to a 'historic turn' or a 'narrative turn', as proposed by other scholars). Although not entirely original, this 'Practical Turn' is essential if the discipline is to gain greater credibility, especially in management and business schools where most business historians reside. The article addresses some of the challenges faced by business historians, providing evidence to demonstrate that the discipline has much to offer the various worlds of practice.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"111 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41327172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2177675
Zhaojin Zeng, Junyi Tao
ABSTRACT In this short essay, we draw on recent studies in history, communication, information science, and social sciences to offer a concise review of the history of social media both as a business model and as a distinctive academic data source. We start with an overview of the development of social media platforms in the past several decades and then move into a brief survey of the state of the field, examining how business, economic, and management historians engage with social media. Next, we introduce several commonly adopted analytical approaches and computational tools for processing historical social media data. Our final discussion addresses several key issues surrounding the analysis of historical social media data in business and economic history.
{"title":"Business history and social media: A concise review","authors":"Zhaojin Zeng, Junyi Tao","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2177675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2177675","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this short essay, we draw on recent studies in history, communication, information science, and social sciences to offer a concise review of the history of social media both as a business model and as a distinctive academic data source. We start with an overview of the development of social media platforms in the past several decades and then move into a brief survey of the state of the field, examining how business, economic, and management historians engage with social media. Next, we introduce several commonly adopted analytical approaches and computational tools for processing historical social media data. Our final discussion addresses several key issues surrounding the analysis of historical social media data in business and economic history.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"24 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2181184
Marta Villamor Martin, D. Kirsch, Fabian Prieto-Nanez
ABSTRACT Building upon our experience implementing a mixed method study combining historical and topic modeling techniques to explore how institutional voids are resolved and their relationship to formal/informal markets, we describe the promise of Topic Modeling techniques for historical studies. Recent advancements – particularly improvements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques – have enabled the use of off-the-shelf AI to analyze and process large quantities of data. These techniques reduce research biases and some of the costs previously associated with computational text analysis techniques (i.e. corpus processing time and computational power). We highlight the usefulness of three text analysis techniques – structural topic modeling (STM), dynamic topic modeling (DTM), and word embeddings – and demonstrate their ability to support the generation of novel interpretations. Finally, we emphasize the continuing importance of the author in every step of the research process, especially for abstracting from AI outputs, evaluating competing explanations, inferring meaning, and building theory.
{"title":"The promise of machine-learning- driven text analysis techniques for historical research: topic modeling and word embedding","authors":"Marta Villamor Martin, D. Kirsch, Fabian Prieto-Nanez","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2181184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2181184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Building upon our experience implementing a mixed method study combining historical and topic modeling techniques to explore how institutional voids are resolved and their relationship to formal/informal markets, we describe the promise of Topic Modeling techniques for historical studies. Recent advancements – particularly improvements in artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques – have enabled the use of off-the-shelf AI to analyze and process large quantities of data. These techniques reduce research biases and some of the costs previously associated with computational text analysis techniques (i.e. corpus processing time and computational power). We highlight the usefulness of three text analysis techniques – structural topic modeling (STM), dynamic topic modeling (DTM), and word embeddings – and demonstrate their ability to support the generation of novel interpretations. Finally, we emphasize the continuing importance of the author in every step of the research process, especially for abstracting from AI outputs, evaluating competing explanations, inferring meaning, and building theory.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"81 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49473994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2179072
Grace Ballor, Gabriela Recio, Sean H. Vanatta
ABSTRACT In a narrow sense, this essay is meant to encourage business historians to consider (and reconsider) the variety of public and private reports, which can provide insights into the operation of firms and industries. U.S. bank examiner reports tell us about how nineteenth century banks operated within a Republican political economy; European Union reports shine light on the differences and similarities between firms operating in various national markets and their relationship to increased economic integration; equity analyst reports present a forensic financial analysis while also revealing a company’s history. More broadly, this essay is also an invitation to reflect on reports as a nexus of surveillance and power. Indeed, such paperwork is power (the tricky bit is figuring out just what sort of power it is, and who wields it).
{"title":"Surveillance archive: using reports in business history","authors":"Grace Ballor, Gabriela Recio, Sean H. Vanatta","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2179072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2179072","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In a narrow sense, this essay is meant to encourage business historians to consider (and reconsider) the variety of public and private reports, which can provide insights into the operation of firms and industries. U.S. bank examiner reports tell us about how nineteenth century banks operated within a Republican political economy; European Union reports shine light on the differences and similarities between firms operating in various national markets and their relationship to increased economic integration; equity analyst reports present a forensic financial analysis while also revealing a company’s history. More broadly, this essay is also an invitation to reflect on reports as a nexus of surveillance and power. Indeed, such paperwork is power (the tricky bit is figuring out just what sort of power it is, and who wields it).","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"43 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2181183
Jennifer M. Black
ABSTRACT Material culture can offer profitable primary sources for business historians, as several scholars have shown. This essay builds from a workshop held during the 2022 Business History Conference Mid-Year meeting, intended to challenge participants to rethink traditional sources through material culture methodologies. Broadly, the workshop asked participants to consider how material culture methods might amplify the use of ‘traditional’ business history sources (such as account books and advertisements). Here, the author offers a methodological framework for analyzing material culture in order to illustrate the utility of an object-centered approach when writing business history.
{"title":"Noticing Material Culture","authors":"Jennifer M. Black","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2181183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2181183","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Material culture can offer profitable primary sources for business historians, as several scholars have shown. This essay builds from a workshop held during the 2022 Business History Conference Mid-Year meeting, intended to challenge participants to rethink traditional sources through material culture methodologies. Broadly, the workshop asked participants to consider how material culture methods might amplify the use of ‘traditional’ business history sources (such as account books and advertisements). Here, the author offers a methodological framework for analyzing material culture in order to illustrate the utility of an object-centered approach when writing business history.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"31 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2176885
Ai Hisano, Sven Kube
ABSTRACT The senses have become an important part of business strategies and corporate activities, ranging from product design and marketing to customer relations. Reflecting on a growing interest in the senses among scholars and business practitioners, this essay provides a brief characterization of recent literature, proposes areas for future research, and discusses opportunities as well as challenges that arise from interpreting the senses in business history.
{"title":"Engaging with experiences: the senses as lenses in business history","authors":"Ai Hisano, Sven Kube","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2176885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2176885","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The senses have become an important part of business strategies and corporate activities, ranging from product design and marketing to customer relations. Reflecting on a growing interest in the senses among scholars and business practitioners, this essay provides a brief characterization of recent literature, proposes areas for future research, and discusses opportunities as well as challenges that arise from interpreting the senses in business history.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"62 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2182321
Rachel Tamar Van
ABSTRACT This article discusses how historians have reconceived account books from a source that describes economic and social actions to a social technology that constructs them. It examines the interpretive changes that this turn entailed and illustrates its application to three types of historical relationships: time, slavery, and the family. It aims to de-mystify account books as sources requiring unilateral, expert interpretation to one that is open to a variety of interpretive possibilities.
{"title":"Account books as social technologies","authors":"Rachel Tamar Van","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2182321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2182321","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article discusses how historians have reconceived account books from a source that describes economic and social actions to a social technology that constructs them. It examines the interpretive changes that this turn entailed and illustrates its application to three types of historical relationships: time, slavery, and the family. It aims to de-mystify account books as sources requiring unilateral, expert interpretation to one that is open to a variety of interpretive possibilities.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"54 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42876074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2023.2205203
David J. Staley, B. Asmussen
Abstract Why is contemporary academic history mainly practiced through writing, while visualization of history is msotly found in museums and in non-academic genres? This essay explores five different methods of visualizing history to provide a starting point for discussions of the value of visualizations. The methods are first historical paintings, either contemporary with the events depicted or created later for the promotion of narratives. Then models are explored, both physical and virtual, followed by the practice of using ghosts to recreate the human actors of the past. The last methods are imagetexts, as introduced to the theorist William J.T. Mitchell and finally objects as a way of representing historical data. As the field of historical visualization as vast and growing, this essay hopes to inspire further discussion on the matter and possible help change to focus on text alone in academic writing.
{"title":"Models, objects, and ghosts: visualizing history","authors":"David J. Staley, B. Asmussen","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2023.2205203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2023.2205203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Why is contemporary academic history mainly practiced through writing, while visualization of history is msotly found in museums and in non-academic genres? This essay explores five different methods of visualizing history to provide a starting point for discussions of the value of visualizations. The methods are first historical paintings, either contemporary with the events depicted or created later for the promotion of narratives. Then models are explored, both physical and virtual, followed by the practice of using ghosts to recreate the human actors of the past. The last methods are imagetexts, as introduced to the theorist William J.T. Mitchell and finally objects as a way of representing historical data. As the field of historical visualization as vast and growing, this essay hopes to inspire further discussion on the matter and possible help change to focus on text alone in academic writing.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"18 1","pages":"97 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47645903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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