Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2153142
Koldo Trapaga-Monchet, R. Romero-Calcerrada
ABSTRACT The pinewood of Leiria is the most renowned Portuguese woodland. This article aims to shed light on the forest policies, administration, and governance of the pinewood from its blurry origins in the late 1200s to the late 1700s. By the early 15th century the state (Monarchy) had established a permanent bureaucracy for its management, with the main purpose of ensuring the availability of timber for shipbuilding. Throughout the Early Modern Age, the Portuguese Monarchy carefully managed the pinewood, paving the way for 19th-century scientific forestry. The fire of 1613 marked a turning point in the management of the pinewood, further linking the fate of the pinewood to the royal navy. The pinewood of Leiria is an ecosystem that has resulted from centuries of sound management by the Portuguese state. To unravel its history, this article combines the methods and materials of history, geography, and historical cartography.
{"title":"Forest policies, administration, and management of the Leiria pinewood in Portugal (13th-18th centuries)","authors":"Koldo Trapaga-Monchet, R. Romero-Calcerrada","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2153142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2153142","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The pinewood of Leiria is the most renowned Portuguese woodland. This article aims to shed light on the forest policies, administration, and governance of the pinewood from its blurry origins in the late 1200s to the late 1700s. By the early 15th century the state (Monarchy) had established a permanent bureaucracy for its management, with the main purpose of ensuring the availability of timber for shipbuilding. Throughout the Early Modern Age, the Portuguese Monarchy carefully managed the pinewood, paving the way for 19th-century scientific forestry. The fire of 1613 marked a turning point in the management of the pinewood, further linking the fate of the pinewood to the royal navy. The pinewood of Leiria is an ecosystem that has resulted from centuries of sound management by the Portuguese state. To unravel its history, this article combines the methods and materials of history, geography, and historical cartography.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"138 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41909220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2158107
Morten Tinning, C. Lubinski
ABSTRACT The vibrant exchange between history and organization studies has triggered major debates on engaging historiography and theorizing with history. By comparison, studies of historical methods have received less attention. We argue that one missing debate concerns different typologies of sources, which facilitate systematic comparative analysis and interpretation. Specifically, we introduce the category ‘ego-documents’, which we define as ‘sources that reveal the historical self as a thinking and feeling being in the world (agency in structure) or unveil the impact of social norms and relationships on the historical self (structure in agency).’ We review the history of the term ego-documents and debate the virtues and challenges of using it in management and organizational history. We then distinguish four uses of ego-documents and explicate their sources and purposes based on articles published in Management and Organizational History.
{"title":"Ego-documents in management and organizational history","authors":"Morten Tinning, C. Lubinski","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2158107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2158107","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The vibrant exchange between history and organization studies has triggered major debates on engaging historiography and theorizing with history. By comparison, studies of historical methods have received less attention. We argue that one missing debate concerns different typologies of sources, which facilitate systematic comparative analysis and interpretation. Specifically, we introduce the category ‘ego-documents’, which we define as ‘sources that reveal the historical self as a thinking and feeling being in the world (agency in structure) or unveil the impact of social norms and relationships on the historical self (structure in agency).’ We review the history of the term ego-documents and debate the virtues and challenges of using it in management and organizational history. We then distinguish four uses of ego-documents and explicate their sources and purposes based on articles published in Management and Organizational History.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"166 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47797739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2150865
B. Ciao
ABSTRACT Corporate growth triggers a virtuous circle by creating economies of scale and making more financial resources available to invest in powerful differentiation policies and in growth itself. Family businesses struggle to grow and, in some industries, are replaced by larger companies. By focusing on the case of a small Italian company, this paper elucidates how small companies can target particular markets and thereby coexist with large companies, despite the latter’s economies of scale and superior capabilities. The ‘no-growth company’ avoids frontal battles with large corporations by occupying declining market segments in which large rivals no longer invest in improving their products. To seize such opportunities to gain market share with limited financial resources, the no-growth company needs to exploit available technologies and differentiate its products by combining existing functionalities or improving its product design.
{"title":"How can “No-Growth Companies” succeed? Lessons from Majestic (1973–2012)","authors":"B. Ciao","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2150865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2150865","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Corporate growth triggers a virtuous circle by creating economies of scale and making more financial resources available to invest in powerful differentiation policies and in growth itself. Family businesses struggle to grow and, in some industries, are replaced by larger companies. By focusing on the case of a small Italian company, this paper elucidates how small companies can target particular markets and thereby coexist with large companies, despite the latter’s economies of scale and superior capabilities. The ‘no-growth company’ avoids frontal battles with large corporations by occupying declining market segments in which large rivals no longer invest in improving their products. To seize such opportunities to gain market share with limited financial resources, the no-growth company needs to exploit available technologies and differentiate its products by combining existing functionalities or improving its product design.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"117 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45315291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2135542
Martín Sevilla Jiménez, T. Torregrosa
ABSTRACT Studies on the development of hydroelectricity in early twentieth century in Spain have paid very little attention to the south-eastern part of the country, specifically the provinces of Alicante and Murcia. The specific needs of this industry (regular flowing rivers and with steep slopes) were in conflict with the fact that there is only one large river in the area, the Segura River, with a scarce flow and major droughts. However, issues related to the use of its waters for irrigation, or periodic flooding or drought, have been prominent themes in research on the Segura River. Despite this, a single company, the Compañía Riegos de Levante S.A. became the most important generator and distributor of electricity in the area until its sale to Hidroeléctrica Española in 1952. Originally, the CRLSA was not established to exploit the new urban electrical consumption markets, but to fulfil the needs of the expanding irrigated agriculture. In this article we will discuss the development of the company, particularly regarding its activities in the electrical energy business and explain the reasons for its establishment and its transformation into a leading company in this industry until the Spanish Civil War.
摘要：关于二十世纪初西班牙水电发展的研究很少关注该国东南部，特别是阿利坎特省和穆尔西亚省。该行业的具体需求（有规律流动的河流和陡峭的斜坡）与该地区只有一条大河Segura河的事实相冲突，这条河流量稀少，而且发生了严重干旱。然而，与用水灌溉或周期性洪水或干旱有关的问题一直是Segura河研究的突出主题。尽管如此，作为一家公司，Compañía Riegos de Levante美国成为该地区最重要的发电机和配电商，直到1952年将其出售给西班牙电力公司（Hidroeléctrica Española）。最初，CRLSA的成立并不是为了开发新的城市电力消费市场，而是为了满足不断扩大的灌溉农业的需求。在这篇文章中，我们将讨论该公司的发展，特别是其在电能业务方面的活动，并解释其成立的原因以及在西班牙内战之前转变为该行业的领先公司。
{"title":"The role of the Compañía de Riegos de Levante S.A. in the development of electricity in south-east Spain (1918-1940)","authors":"Martín Sevilla Jiménez, T. Torregrosa","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2135542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2135542","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Studies on the development of hydroelectricity in early twentieth century in Spain have paid very little attention to the south-eastern part of the country, specifically the provinces of Alicante and Murcia. The specific needs of this industry (regular flowing rivers and with steep slopes) were in conflict with the fact that there is only one large river in the area, the Segura River, with a scarce flow and major droughts. However, issues related to the use of its waters for irrigation, or periodic flooding or drought, have been prominent themes in research on the Segura River. Despite this, a single company, the Compañía Riegos de Levante S.A. became the most important generator and distributor of electricity in the area until its sale to Hidroeléctrica Española in 1952. Originally, the CRLSA was not established to exploit the new urban electrical consumption markets, but to fulfil the needs of the expanding irrigated agriculture. In this article we will discuss the development of the company, particularly regarding its activities in the electrical energy business and explain the reasons for its establishment and its transformation into a leading company in this industry until the Spanish Civil War.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"97 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45131182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2078371
Victoria Barnes, L. Newton
ABSTRACT Financial instruments are the subject of considerable interest. The supply of promissory notes has attracted the attention of financial historians, political economists and antiquarians, alike. We consider bank notes as a mechanism for building corporate identity. The article focuses on the bank notes that were issued in the early nineteenth century by newly established joint stock banks in the English provinces. Despite not having a legal personality, which could be separated from the bank’s owners, the banks did not use symbols of the owners, such as family crests or other personal means, to communicate their identity. The article shows that these notes displayed symbols of a collective culture and regional identity. We argue that this was crucial to building the bank’s position within the local commercial community and in generating a persona which customers could trust.
{"title":"Corporate identity, company law and currency: a survey of community images on English bank notes","authors":"Victoria Barnes, L. Newton","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2078371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2078371","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Financial instruments are the subject of considerable interest. The supply of promissory notes has attracted the attention of financial historians, political economists and antiquarians, alike. We consider bank notes as a mechanism for building corporate identity. The article focuses on the bank notes that were issued in the early nineteenth century by newly established joint stock banks in the English provinces. Despite not having a legal personality, which could be separated from the bank’s owners, the banks did not use symbols of the owners, such as family crests or other personal means, to communicate their identity. The article shows that these notes displayed symbols of a collective culture and regional identity. We argue that this was crucial to building the bank’s position within the local commercial community and in generating a persona which customers could trust.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"43 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2068151
Benjamin Ask Popp-Madsen, M. Jessen, Andreas Møller Mulvad
ABSTRACT This paper proposes an ideal typology, based on Danish cooperative history, of contending ‘spirits’ that inform the establishment of democratically-owned enterprises. Democratic enterprises have in recently been subject of increasing interest from scholars and activists as an alternative to the neoliberal corporation. However, studies on democratic enterprises lack a historical understanding of the constitution of the democratic sector of the economy and an analytical approach todistinguish between different types of democratic enterprises. Drawing on Weberian methodology and using Denmark as historical-empirical vantage point, the paper distinguishes four ideal typical socio-economic motivations for constituting a democratic enterprise: the Proudhonian (liberation from socio-economic domination), Smithian (improving commercial leverage), Polanyian (protection against ravages of market society), and Hirstian (realizing cultural-ideological aims of voluntary associations). The paper uses a recent data set (n = 5,864) measuring the performance of the Danish ‘democratic enterprise sector’ as the starting point to argue that a better informed historical as well as theoretical approach is needed in order to comprehend this increasingly important organizational form. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the findings beyond Denmark, arguing for more appreciation of the history and the potentials of a variegated organizational ecology that combines different socio-economic ideals.
{"title":"The spirits of democratic enterprise: insights from the case of Denmark","authors":"Benjamin Ask Popp-Madsen, M. Jessen, Andreas Møller Mulvad","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2068151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2068151","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper proposes an ideal typology, based on Danish cooperative history, of contending ‘spirits’ that inform the establishment of democratically-owned enterprises. Democratic enterprises have in recently been subject of increasing interest from scholars and activists as an alternative to the neoliberal corporation. However, studies on democratic enterprises lack a historical understanding of the constitution of the democratic sector of the economy and an analytical approach todistinguish between different types of democratic enterprises. Drawing on Weberian methodology and using Denmark as historical-empirical vantage point, the paper distinguishes four ideal typical socio-economic motivations for constituting a democratic enterprise: the Proudhonian (liberation from socio-economic domination), Smithian (improving commercial leverage), Polanyian (protection against ravages of market society), and Hirstian (realizing cultural-ideological aims of voluntary associations). The paper uses a recent data set (n = 5,864) measuring the performance of the Danish ‘democratic enterprise sector’ as the starting point to argue that a better informed historical as well as theoretical approach is needed in order to comprehend this increasingly important organizational form. We conclude by discussing the relevance of the findings beyond Denmark, arguing for more appreciation of the history and the potentials of a variegated organizational ecology that combines different socio-economic ideals.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41862545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2068152
James Wallace
ABSTRACT This paper looks at the precedents of current wellbeing programs, examining three historical modes of workplace wellbeing in order to analyze the way in which employees have become subjects of wellbeing discourse. In doing so, this paper seeks to illustrate the historical trajectory of the management of employee health, exploring both its disjunctures and continuities. It is argued that workplace wellbeing can be characterized in two ways. First, as an intervention into the lives of employees, becoming a means of producing ‘fit for work’ subjects. Second, in terms of the legitimation of this intervention through its discursive positioning as a response to prevalent social concerns. It is noted that, while wellbeing has evolved over time in terms of its rationale and its practices, it has continued to be characterized by these two features.
{"title":"Making a healthy change: a historical analysis of workplace wellbeing","authors":"James Wallace","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2068152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2068152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper looks at the precedents of current wellbeing programs, examining three historical modes of workplace wellbeing in order to analyze the way in which employees have become subjects of wellbeing discourse. In doing so, this paper seeks to illustrate the historical trajectory of the management of employee health, exploring both its disjunctures and continuities. It is argued that workplace wellbeing can be characterized in two ways. First, as an intervention into the lives of employees, becoming a means of producing ‘fit for work’ subjects. Second, in terms of the legitimation of this intervention through its discursive positioning as a response to prevalent social concerns. It is noted that, while wellbeing has evolved over time in terms of its rationale and its practices, it has continued to be characterized by these two features.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"20 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46657611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2078372
Priscila Ferri, A. Takahashi
ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss the historical dynamics that sustain organizational identity in long-living family firms. We do so through the analysis of the case of fifteen family-run restaurants located in São Paulo, Brazil. We discuss different modes of history use regarding identity preservation that fundament four main history-based strategies: Perpetuating family history; conserving the firm’s identity as a family business; creating the sense of sharing a common past; and restoring traditions. These strategies seem to be specific of the organizational form investigated and contribute to advancing our understanding of rhetorical history in the context of family business.
{"title":"Standing the test of time: understanding how long-living family firms make use of the past to preserve organizational identity","authors":"Priscila Ferri, A. Takahashi","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2078372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2078372","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we discuss the historical dynamics that sustain organizational identity in long-living family firms. We do so through the analysis of the case of fifteen family-run restaurants located in São Paulo, Brazil. We discuss different modes of history use regarding identity preservation that fundament four main history-based strategies: Perpetuating family history; conserving the firm’s identity as a family business; creating the sense of sharing a common past; and restoring traditions. These strategies seem to be specific of the organizational form investigated and contribute to advancing our understanding of rhetorical history in the context of family business.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"17 1","pages":"76 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2027643
T. Boyns
ABSTRACT This study examines the life cycle of British Racing Motors Ltd. (BRM), from its early failures, through to the successes of the 1962–1965 period and its subsequent demise, in the light of managerial and organizational change at its parent company, the private family-owned business, Rubery Owen. Using the reports of British consultancy firms, supported by secondary sources, the study examines how factors such as the professionalization of Formula 1, macroeconomic conditions, and changes to tax legislation impinged on the financial position of Rubery Owen and thus on BRM. Financial crises are found to have generated a move from proprietorial capitalism to a more managerialist approach within Rubery Owen, exemplified by the adoption of budgetary control. This, at the end of 1961, resulted in an ultimatum from Rubery Owen’s chairman, Sir Alfred Owen, that BRM should win two grand prix races in 1962 or be wound up. While BRM did more than this, winning both the constructors and drivers’ world championships in 1962, similar sustained success failed to materialize following the issue of a similar ultimatum in early 1969. Financial difficulties in the early 1970s led to further structural change within Rubery Owen, leading to BRM’s demise in 1977.
{"title":"Organizational change, budgetary control and success and failure in Formula 1: Rubery Owen and British Racing Motors, 1947–1977","authors":"T. Boyns","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2027643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2027643","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the life cycle of British Racing Motors Ltd. (BRM), from its early failures, through to the successes of the 1962–1965 period and its subsequent demise, in the light of managerial and organizational change at its parent company, the private family-owned business, Rubery Owen. Using the reports of British consultancy firms, supported by secondary sources, the study examines how factors such as the professionalization of Formula 1, macroeconomic conditions, and changes to tax legislation impinged on the financial position of Rubery Owen and thus on BRM. Financial crises are found to have generated a move from proprietorial capitalism to a more managerialist approach within Rubery Owen, exemplified by the adoption of budgetary control. This, at the end of 1961, resulted in an ultimatum from Rubery Owen’s chairman, Sir Alfred Owen, that BRM should win two grand prix races in 1962 or be wound up. While BRM did more than this, winning both the constructors and drivers’ world championships in 1962, similar sustained success failed to materialize following the issue of a similar ultimatum in early 1969. Financial difficulties in the early 1970s led to further structural change within Rubery Owen, leading to BRM’s demise in 1977.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"16 1","pages":"204 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44866180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/17449359.2022.2058732
Hervé Charmettant
ABSTRACT In « Dilemmas of Leadership in the Democratic Process», a little-known but thoughtful text, Chester Barnard promoted democratic governance in firms while making concessions for the difficulties that may arise in its implementation. It raises broader questions about Barnard’s thinking, particularly on the relationship between democracy and authority in the firm. Through this and other unknown texts, we show the coherence of Barnard’s thought, whose plea for democracy is nourished by an adherence to the project of individual emancipation. Authority is seen from an instrumental angle, as a complementary and necessary mode of decision-making to counter the ‘dilemmas’ of democracy as long as it is regulated. The same applies to the hierarchy on which authority relations are based which is not antagonistic to democracy, under certain conditions. Barnard’s postwar writings, focusing on responsibility, open up new avenues for the articulation between authority and democracy. In particular, the sense of responsibility spread at all levels that democratic governance encourages is also what can reduce the need for authority. This article aims to show that Barnard's thought, which does not see democracy and authority as oxymorons, remains relevant. Barnard can thus contribute to extending the perimeter of diffusion in democratic governance.
{"title":"Authority and democracy: the Barnardian way to resolve an apparent oxymoron","authors":"Hervé Charmettant","doi":"10.1080/17449359.2022.2058732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2022.2058732","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In « Dilemmas of Leadership in the Democratic Process», a little-known but thoughtful text, Chester Barnard promoted democratic governance in firms while making concessions for the difficulties that may arise in its implementation. It raises broader questions about Barnard’s thinking, particularly on the relationship between democracy and authority in the firm. Through this and other unknown texts, we show the coherence of Barnard’s thought, whose plea for democracy is nourished by an adherence to the project of individual emancipation. Authority is seen from an instrumental angle, as a complementary and necessary mode of decision-making to counter the ‘dilemmas’ of democracy as long as it is regulated. The same applies to the hierarchy on which authority relations are based which is not antagonistic to democracy, under certain conditions. Barnard’s postwar writings, focusing on responsibility, open up new avenues for the articulation between authority and democracy. In particular, the sense of responsibility spread at all levels that democratic governance encourages is also what can reduce the need for authority. This article aims to show that Barnard's thought, which does not see democracy and authority as oxymorons, remains relevant. Barnard can thus contribute to extending the perimeter of diffusion in democratic governance.","PeriodicalId":45724,"journal":{"name":"Management & Organizational History","volume":"16 1","pages":"255 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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