Nogaga Nolinda, O. Ikusika, O. Akinmoladun, C. T. Mpendulo
Abstract Efforts to mitigate production losses in small stock due to nematode infestation have birthed the emergence of several control methods as alternatives to chemical-based anthelmintics or to complement them. This results from the recent development of multiple resistance by many parasitic nematodes to anthelmintic drugs. Many of these complementary alternatives, such as breeding resistance, grazing land management, use of predators, and vaccines, have shown the potential to alleviate this menace. Still, some are expensive or require a lot of technicalities. Controlling nematode infestation using natural feed additives has demonstrated effectiveness on the disease under natural conditions. Natural feed additives are environmentally friendly and often do not have health implications for animals and humans. They are readily available, especially to poor-resource farmers; some could be relatively cheap. Therefore, this article reviews the use of naturally available alternative anthelmintics such as plant extracts, clay, microbes, herbs, spices, and organic acids in mitigating the impacts of nematode infestations in small ruminant production.
{"title":"Impact of nematode infestation in livestock production and the role of natural feed additives – A review","authors":"Nogaga Nolinda, O. Ikusika, O. Akinmoladun, C. T. Mpendulo","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0234","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Efforts to mitigate production losses in small stock due to nematode infestation have birthed the emergence of several control methods as alternatives to chemical-based anthelmintics or to complement them. This results from the recent development of multiple resistance by many parasitic nematodes to anthelmintic drugs. Many of these complementary alternatives, such as breeding resistance, grazing land management, use of predators, and vaccines, have shown the potential to alleviate this menace. Still, some are expensive or require a lot of technicalities. Controlling nematode infestation using natural feed additives has demonstrated effectiveness on the disease under natural conditions. Natural feed additives are environmentally friendly and often do not have health implications for animals and humans. They are readily available, especially to poor-resource farmers; some could be relatively cheap. Therefore, this article reviews the use of naturally available alternative anthelmintics such as plant extracts, clay, microbes, herbs, spices, and organic acids in mitigating the impacts of nematode infestations in small ruminant production.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kusumiyati, Grace Pratiwi Manurung, J. S. Hamdani
Indonesia is a significant producer of shallots, and the country frequently cultivates three distinct varieties: Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep. Each cultivar exhibits distinct characteristics, specifically when grown under suboptimal conditions. Several studies showed that insufficient watering intervals (WIs) can lead to drought stress, while excessive levels often lead to inundation. To investigate the effects of cultivar and WI on shallot growth and quality, this study employed a split-plot design with main plots and subplots with four repetitions. The main plots consisted of cultivars (Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep), while the subplots comprised WIs (once in 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days). The results showed that there was an effect of interaction between cultivars and WIs on growth (proline [126.15 mg 100 g−1]) and quality (quercetin [3.8739 mg g−1], rutin [0.2080 mg g−1], and kaempferol [1.209 mg g−1]). However, there was no effect on the number of tillers, shoot/root ratio, water content, number of tubers, tuber weight, and total flavonoid.
{"title":"Growth, yield, and secondary metabolite responses of three shallot cultivars at different watering intervals","authors":"K. Kusumiyati, Grace Pratiwi Manurung, J. S. Hamdani","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0255","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Indonesia is a significant producer of shallots, and the country frequently cultivates three distinct varieties: Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep. Each cultivar exhibits distinct characteristics, specifically when grown under suboptimal conditions. Several studies showed that insufficient watering intervals (WIs) can lead to drought stress, while excessive levels often lead to inundation. To investigate the effects of cultivar and WI on shallot growth and quality, this study employed a split-plot design with main plots and subplots with four repetitions. The main plots consisted of cultivars (Bima, Trisula, and Sumenep), while the subplots comprised WIs (once in 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days). The results showed that there was an effect of interaction between cultivars and WIs on growth (proline [126.15 mg 100 g−1]) and quality (quercetin [3.8739 mg g−1], rutin [0.2080 mg g−1], and kaempferol [1.209 mg g−1]). However, there was no effect on the number of tillers, shoot/root ratio, water content, number of tubers, tuber weight, and total flavonoid.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akhmad Rizqul Karim, D. Darsono, Mohamad Harisudin, Budi Dharmawan
Land degradation in mountainside areas is a serious threat that requires conservation actions, and the role of millennial farmers in this issue is crucial for future agricultural land sustainability. The perception of degraded land condition (LC) and the risk of farming due to ongoing agricultural land degradation (RISK) are suspected to be able to drive the intention to make conservation efforts. Based on the norm activation model, this study aims to analyze the influence of millennial farmers’ perceptions on the condition of degraded agricultural land and the risk of land degradation on their intention to perform conservation-based potato farming (CBPF). This study involved 169 millennial potato farmers on the western slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey from January to March 2022. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that more than 90% of respondents stated that agricultural land had been degraded. The risk and personal norms (PN) have a significant effect on the intention of CPBF (β = 0.144, β = 0.505; p-value <0.01), respectively. Unexpectedly, LC did not directly affect the intention to practice CPBF (β = 0.076, p-value = 0.159). This study provides insight into understanding the behavioral intentions of agricultural land conservation, especially millennial farmers’ perceptions of land degradation in their farming areas. To encourage the millennial farmers’ agricultural land conservation intentions, it should be started by increasing the awareness of farmers’ PN since they only pay little attention to degraded LC.
{"title":"Uncovering hidden determinants of millennial farmers’ intentions in running conservation agriculture: An application of the Norm Activation Model","authors":"Akhmad Rizqul Karim, D. Darsono, Mohamad Harisudin, Budi Dharmawan","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0257","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Land degradation in mountainside areas is a serious threat that requires conservation actions, and the role of millennial farmers in this issue is crucial for future agricultural land sustainability. The perception of degraded land condition (LC) and the risk of farming due to ongoing agricultural land degradation (RISK) are suspected to be able to drive the intention to make conservation efforts. Based on the norm activation model, this study aims to analyze the influence of millennial farmers’ perceptions on the condition of degraded agricultural land and the risk of land degradation on their intention to perform conservation-based potato farming (CBPF). This study involved 169 millennial potato farmers on the western slope of Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey from January to March 2022. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that more than 90% of respondents stated that agricultural land had been degraded. The risk and personal norms (PN) have a significant effect on the intention of CPBF (β = 0.144, β = 0.505; p-value <0.01), respectively. Unexpectedly, LC did not directly affect the intention to practice CPBF (β = 0.076, p-value = 0.159). This study provides insight into understanding the behavioral intentions of agricultural land conservation, especially millennial farmers’ perceptions of land degradation in their farming areas. To encourage the millennial farmers’ agricultural land conservation intentions, it should be started by increasing the awareness of farmers’ PN since they only pay little attention to degraded LC.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Z. Amanah, Sri Rahayoe, Eni Harmayani, Reza Adhitama Putra Hernanda, Khoirunnisaa, Ajeng Siti Rohmat, Hoonsoo Lee
The moisture content of porang powder (PP) is an inherent quality parameter. Therefore, several analytical methods, such as oven drying and Karl–Fischer titration, were applied to determine the content. However, these techniques are noted to have various disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, being labor-intensive, and producing chemical waste. This study aims to investigate the potential of visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as a nondestructive and sustainable analytical technology to predict moisture content in PP. In this study, we developed a traditional machine learning algorithm, a partial least squares regression (PLSR), in tandem with two spectral bands, which are Vis-NIR (400–1,000 nm) and NIR (954–1,700 nm). To upgrade the performance of PLSR, we applied seven preprocessing techniques: mean normalization, maximum normalization, range normalization, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and Savitzky–Golay first and second derivatives. We found that PLSR using NIR spectral bands was more effective; the preprocessed mean normalization exhibited the best results with a coefficient of determination ( R p 2 ) left({R}_{p}^{2}) of 0.96 and a standard error prediction (SEP) of 0.56 using five latent variables. Furthermore, we also extracted 39 optimum wavelengths using variable importance in projection and achieved better performance ( R p 2 {R}_{p}^{2} = 0.95, SEP = 0.56%wb, and 5 LVs) via SNV preprocessed NIR spectra.
{"title":"Construction of a sustainable model to predict the moisture content of porang powder (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) based on pointed-scan visible near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"H. Z. Amanah, Sri Rahayoe, Eni Harmayani, Reza Adhitama Putra Hernanda, Khoirunnisaa, Ajeng Siti Rohmat, Hoonsoo Lee","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0268","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The moisture content of porang powder (PP) is an inherent quality parameter. Therefore, several analytical methods, such as oven drying and Karl–Fischer titration, were applied to determine the content. However, these techniques are noted to have various disadvantages, such as being time-consuming, requiring sample preparation, being labor-intensive, and producing chemical waste. This study aims to investigate the potential of visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as a nondestructive and sustainable analytical technology to predict moisture content in PP. In this study, we developed a traditional machine learning algorithm, a partial least squares regression (PLSR), in tandem with two spectral bands, which are Vis-NIR (400–1,000 nm) and NIR (954–1,700 nm). To upgrade the performance of PLSR, we applied seven preprocessing techniques: mean normalization, maximum normalization, range normalization, multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate (SNV), and Savitzky–Golay first and second derivatives. We found that PLSR using NIR spectral bands was more effective; the preprocessed mean normalization exhibited the best results with a coefficient of determination \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 (\u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 p\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 )\u0000 \u0000 left({R}_{p}^{2})\u0000 \u0000 of 0.96 and a standard error prediction (SEP) of 0.56 using five latent variables. Furthermore, we also extracted 39 optimum wavelengths using variable importance in projection and achieved better performance (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 R\u0000 p\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 {R}_{p}^{2}\u0000 \u0000 = 0.95, SEP = 0.56%wb, and 5 LVs) via SNV preprocessed NIR spectra.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140522935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahida Akter, H. Ali, A. Shati, M. Alfaifi, S. E. Elbehairi, R. Z. Sayyed, T. Yeasmin
The majority of natural diabetic medications come from fruits and vegetables. These natural medications help protect humans from negative impacts of chemical antidiabetics by scavenging free radicals. The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of methanolic extract of fruits of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (MEHSF) in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice. The dried coarse powder of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruits was subjected to methanol extraction. The antidiabetic activity was determined by using alloxan-induced (80 mg/kg body weight) diabetic mice. Following a 15-day treatment period, serum biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzymes were estimated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through a DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were assessed using established methods. MESHF, containing polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, exhibited antioxidant properties. A 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the blood glucose levels and improved biochemical parameters such as TC, TAG, LDL, and HDL in diabetic mice. Further, MESHF significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the activity of the SGPT and SGOT in diabetic mice compared to untreated diabetic mice. These results suggest that MEHSF with promising antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials can be considered to be a probable new resource of the antidiabetic agent.
{"title":"Antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruit in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice","authors":"Shahida Akter, H. Ali, A. Shati, M. Alfaifi, S. E. Elbehairi, R. Z. Sayyed, T. Yeasmin","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0243","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The majority of natural diabetic medications come from fruits and vegetables. These natural medications help protect humans from negative impacts of chemical antidiabetics by scavenging free radicals. The present study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of methanolic extract of fruits of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (MEHSF) in alloxan-induced Swiss albino diabetic mice. The dried coarse powder of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. fruits was subjected to methanol extraction. The antidiabetic activity was determined by using alloxan-induced (80 mg/kg body weight) diabetic mice. Following a 15-day treatment period, serum biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), HDL-cholesterol (HDL), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) enzymes were estimated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through a DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were assessed using established methods. MESHF, containing polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, exhibited antioxidant properties. A 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the blood glucose levels and improved biochemical parameters such as TC, TAG, LDL, and HDL in diabetic mice. Further, MESHF significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the activity of the SGPT and SGOT in diabetic mice compared to untreated diabetic mice. These results suggest that MEHSF with promising antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials can be considered to be a probable new resource of the antidiabetic agent.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. F. de Lima, E. P. Vendruscolo, Vitória Carolina Dantas Alves, Jeysielli C. Arguelho, Joice de Abreu Pião, C. D. C. Seron, M. B. Martins, Travis Wilson Witt, G. M. Serafim, L. M. Contardi
Modern agriculture seeks, through technology, to increase agricultural productivity, aiming at greater sustainability during food production. The application of vitamins meets this objective, acting as a biostimulant for different cultivation conditions. In this sense, the aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of nicotinamide on the soybean crop in two growing environments. The treatments were composed of the nicotinamide concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg L−1 of water applied when the plants were at the R3 stage (beginning of pod formation), exogenously, by foliar spraying. The application of nicotinamide resulted in increases in the vegetative traits of plant height and the number of branches per plant by 9.7 and 7.8%, respectively. Regarding the productive characteristics, considering the average of the two cultivation sites, the application of the vitamin resulted in increments of about 15.62, 18.57, 20.53, 4.32, and 19.19% on the number of pods, number of grains, mass of grains per plant, mass of 1,000 grains, and yield, respectively. In this way, we conclude that nicotinamide, applied at concentrations ranging from 237.8 to 373.8 mg L−1, promotes benefits to soybean growth and yield in different environments, and can be considered as a biostimulant.
{"title":"Nicotinamide as a biostimulant improves soybean growth and yield","authors":"S. F. de Lima, E. P. Vendruscolo, Vitória Carolina Dantas Alves, Jeysielli C. Arguelho, Joice de Abreu Pião, C. D. C. Seron, M. B. Martins, Travis Wilson Witt, G. M. Serafim, L. M. Contardi","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0259","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Modern agriculture seeks, through technology, to increase agricultural productivity, aiming at greater sustainability during food production. The application of vitamins meets this objective, acting as a biostimulant for different cultivation conditions. In this sense, the aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of the foliar application of nicotinamide on the soybean crop in two growing environments. The treatments were composed of the nicotinamide concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg L−1 of water applied when the plants were at the R3 stage (beginning of pod formation), exogenously, by foliar spraying. The application of nicotinamide resulted in increases in the vegetative traits of plant height and the number of branches per plant by 9.7 and 7.8%, respectively. Regarding the productive characteristics, considering the average of the two cultivation sites, the application of the vitamin resulted in increments of about 15.62, 18.57, 20.53, 4.32, and 19.19% on the number of pods, number of grains, mass of grains per plant, mass of 1,000 grains, and yield, respectively. In this way, we conclude that nicotinamide, applied at concentrations ranging from 237.8 to 373.8 mg L−1, promotes benefits to soybean growth and yield in different environments, and can be considered as a biostimulant.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Yuniwati, F. K. Hartati, Adi Sutanto, Sahabuddin, Kustini, Nana Dyah Siswati, Taufik Iskandar
The aim of this study is to improve soil fertility in cassava, corn, and peanut plants by using biochar technology on degraded land. This research is experimental. This trial used five treatments, No organic amendments, farm yard manure (FYM) 20 Mg ha−1 once, FYM 20 Mg ha−1 yearly, FYM biochar technology 15 Mg ha−1 once, and cassava stem (CS) biochar technology 15 Mg ha−1 once. The design used in this study was a randomized group design (RAK) with three repeats. Before the experiment, the characteristics of treatment material, namely, the manure, biochar, and CS waste biochar were studied. It was observed that cassava, corn, and peanut crops increased nutrient C, water availability, N, P, K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). From the observations, the treatment of using biochar technology on intercropping cassava and corn can increase C by 25.7 g kg−1, K by 177 cmol, CEC by 17.63 cmol , and water availability by16.87%. Meanwhile, the application treatment of biochar FYM technology on cassava and peanut intercropping can increase C by 24.4 g kg−1, N by 1.3 g kg−1, P by 12.2 g kg−1, K by 1.74 cmol, CEC by 17.93 cmol, and water availability by 17.41%. The use of biochar technology (15 Mg ha)−1 in intercropping cassava with maize or groundnut within 2 years can improve soil fertility and maintain yields. Intercropping cassava with corn or peanuts within 2 years can increase soil fertility and maintain crop yields. Thus, biochar technology has greater potential for the improvement of degraded land in the relatively short term (2 years) and supports sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Biochar technology to increase cassava crop productivity: A study of sustainable agriculture on degraded land","authors":"E. D. Yuniwati, F. K. Hartati, Adi Sutanto, Sahabuddin, Kustini, Nana Dyah Siswati, Taufik Iskandar","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0260","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this study is to improve soil fertility in cassava, corn, and peanut plants by using biochar technology on degraded land. This research is experimental. This trial used five treatments, No organic amendments, farm yard manure (FYM) 20 Mg ha−1 once, FYM 20 Mg ha−1 yearly, FYM biochar technology 15 Mg ha−1 once, and cassava stem (CS) biochar technology 15 Mg ha−1 once. The design used in this study was a randomized group design (RAK) with three repeats. Before the experiment, the characteristics of treatment material, namely, the manure, biochar, and CS waste biochar were studied. It was observed that cassava, corn, and peanut crops increased nutrient C, water availability, N, P, K, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). From the observations, the treatment of using biochar technology on intercropping cassava and corn can increase C by 25.7 g kg−1, K by 177 cmol, CEC by 17.63 cmol , and water availability by16.87%. Meanwhile, the application treatment of biochar FYM technology on cassava and peanut intercropping can increase C by 24.4 g kg−1, N by 1.3 g kg−1, P by 12.2 g kg−1, K by 1.74 cmol, CEC by 17.93 cmol, and water availability by 17.41%. The use of biochar technology (15 Mg ha)−1 in intercropping cassava with maize or groundnut within 2 years can improve soil fertility and maintain yields. Intercropping cassava with corn or peanuts within 2 years can increase soil fertility and maintain crop yields. Thus, biochar technology has greater potential for the improvement of degraded land in the relatively short term (2 years) and supports sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140524850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akbar Akbar, Muslim Salam, Muhammad Arsyad, Rahmadanih Rahmadanih
Farmers’ institutions are currently more cultural and primarily oriented only to getting government facilities. Farmers’ institutions have not been directed at utilizing access to various technological information, capital, and markets needed to develop horticultural agribusiness. Nevertheless, almost all farmers’ institutions exist in rural areas, but not all existing institutions can survive and carry out their functions sustainably. The research objective was to examine the impact of human capital through leadership and group capital on the sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions. The study was carried out at Uluere District, Bantaeng Regency, which is designated as a horticulture agribusiness development zone in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sample selection was conducted using a simple randomized method, where 10% of the overall population was chosen. This method resulted in a sample size of 233 respondents for this study. The data gathering was done during September and November of 2022. Moreover, to acquire findings about the effect of human capital on the long-term viability of institutional agribusiness horticulture, we conducted an analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The findings indicated that individual capability, individual motivation, organizational climate, and workgroup effectiveness were key factors of human capital that directly impact institutional strengthening. These factors were found to have positive and statistically significant connections. In addition, leadership and group capital connected the many aspects of human capital to the sustainability of horticultural agribusiness. The results of this study will significantly enhance ongoing efforts to formulate a plan aimed at mitigating rural development challenges, especially in Indonesia.
{"title":"Mediating role of leadership and group capital between human capital component and sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions in Indonesia","authors":"Akbar Akbar, Muslim Salam, Muhammad Arsyad, Rahmadanih Rahmadanih","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0250","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Farmers’ institutions are currently more cultural and primarily oriented only to getting government facilities. Farmers’ institutions have not been directed at utilizing access to various technological information, capital, and markets needed to develop horticultural agribusiness. Nevertheless, almost all farmers’ institutions exist in rural areas, but not all existing institutions can survive and carry out their functions sustainably. The research objective was to examine the impact of human capital through leadership and group capital on the sustainability of horticultural agribusiness institutions. The study was carried out at Uluere District, Bantaeng Regency, which is designated as a horticulture agribusiness development zone in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The sample selection was conducted using a simple randomized method, where 10% of the overall population was chosen. This method resulted in a sample size of 233 respondents for this study. The data gathering was done during September and November of 2022. Moreover, to acquire findings about the effect of human capital on the long-term viability of institutional agribusiness horticulture, we conducted an analysis using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The findings indicated that individual capability, individual motivation, organizational climate, and workgroup effectiveness were key factors of human capital that directly impact institutional strengthening. These factors were found to have positive and statistically significant connections. In addition, leadership and group capital connected the many aspects of human capital to the sustainability of horticultural agribusiness. The results of this study will significantly enhance ongoing efforts to formulate a plan aimed at mitigating rural development challenges, especially in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuryati Nuryati, Rudy Soehendi, Catur Hermanto, Suyamto Suyamto, R. Krisdiana, S. J. Pardal, Jumakir Jumakir, M. M. Adie, A. Krisnawati, Y. Baliadi, Basri Abubakar
The evaluation of the diversity in the cowpea local varieties (CLVs) allows the efficient use of genetic resources for cultivar development. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity of CLVs based on observation of morphological characteristics and to identify the relationship among morphological traits and potential varieties as donor genes to improve yield potential. The CLVs were collected from five provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2018. The evaluation of the performance of CLVs’ morphological characteristics was carried out in the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research from March to July 2019. The observed data were 43 agronomic characters which consist of qualitative and quantitative characters. There is a high variation in stem pigmentation and seed color in 214 CLVs. There were nine qualitative characters with no variation. Most quantitative characters showed significant variation among CLVs. The clustering of 214 CLVs results in five clusters in which some CLVs maintain valuable characteristics that could be used in the breeding program. The number of pods per plant, number of racemes per plant, and 100 seed weight were useful for indirect selection in the yield improvement. Based on the genotype by trait biplot, the CLV 112, 191, and 111 could be used as donor parents for seed size improvement and the CLV 169 could be used as a donor parent for the yield potential improvement in the cowpea breeding program. Four cowpea genotypes can be recommended for commercial release or used as potential breeding material in cowpea cultivar development programs. The new findings of this study could provide a basis for the genetic improvement of cowpea.
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I. Irham, A. Nurhayati, A. W. Widada, S. Subejo, L. Devi, Rikardo Simarmata, E. Anantasari, Afifatur Rosidah, Anila Indrianti Anggraini
Zoning-based organic farming has become increasingly attractive in Indonesia for producing healthy food, improving the quality of land and the environment, and increasing the welfare of farmers. The problem is that organic farming areas should be certified by a legal agency called the National Standardization Agency and the cost should be paid by farmers in those areas. Zoning allows the farmers to jointly manage farming areas, including payment of certification costs. However, the success of zoning-based organic farming implementation depends on farmers’ acceptability. This study aims to analyse perceptions and knowledge regarding zoning-based organic farming plans, measure the level of farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) zoning-based organic farming plans and determine the effect of economic, ecological, and social support factors, as well as other factors towards WTA the zoning-based organic farming system. This study found that the majority of farmers perceive zoning-based organic farming as economically viable and ecologically and socially supported compared to conventional farming since most of the farmers have good knowledge regarding the importance of zoning. Although the farmers have long been experiencing conventional farming, the number of WTA farmers in zoning-based organic farming is very high. The study confirmed that the ecological aspect is the most influential in accepting zoning-based organic farming. Economic factors have a very strong influence on increasing farmers’ WTA zoning-based organic farming. This study also suggests that the implementation of zoning-based organic farming needs to be sustainably supported by the community.
在印尼，基于分区的有机耕作在生产健康食品、改善土地和环境质量以及提高农民福利方面的吸引力与日俱增。问题在于，有机农业区必须由一个名为 "国家标准化机构 "的合法机构进行认证，费用应由这些地区的农民支付。分区可以让农民共同管理耕作区，包括支付认证费用。然而，以分区为基础的有机农业能否成功实施取决于农民的接受程度。本研究旨在分析有关分区有机耕作计划的看法和知识，衡量农民接受分区有机耕作计划的意愿水平，并确定经济、生态和社会支持因素以及其他因素对农民接受分区有机耕作系统的影响。本研究发现，与传统耕作相比，大多数农民认为基于分区的有机耕作在经济上是可行的，在生态和社会方面也得到了支持，因为大多数农民对分区的重要性有很好的认识。虽然农民长期从事传统耕作，但参与分区有机耕作的水稻田农民人数非常多。研究证实，生态因素对接受分区有机耕作的影响最大。经济因素对增加农民基于分区有机耕作的 WTA 有非常大的影响。这项研究还表明，实施分区有机耕作需要得到社区的持续支持。
{"title":"Farmer’s willingness to accept the sustainable zoning-based organic farming development plan: A lesson from Sleman District, Indonesia","authors":"I. Irham, A. Nurhayati, A. W. Widada, S. Subejo, L. Devi, Rikardo Simarmata, E. Anantasari, Afifatur Rosidah, Anila Indrianti Anggraini","doi":"10.1515/opag-2022-0253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2022-0253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Zoning-based organic farming has become increasingly attractive in Indonesia for producing healthy food, improving the quality of land and the environment, and increasing the welfare of farmers. The problem is that organic farming areas should be certified by a legal agency called the National Standardization Agency and the cost should be paid by farmers in those areas. Zoning allows the farmers to jointly manage farming areas, including payment of certification costs. However, the success of zoning-based organic farming implementation depends on farmers’ acceptability. This study aims to analyse perceptions and knowledge regarding zoning-based organic farming plans, measure the level of farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) zoning-based organic farming plans and determine the effect of economic, ecological, and social support factors, as well as other factors towards WTA the zoning-based organic farming system. This study found that the majority of farmers perceive zoning-based organic farming as economically viable and ecologically and socially supported compared to conventional farming since most of the farmers have good knowledge regarding the importance of zoning. Although the farmers have long been experiencing conventional farming, the number of WTA farmers in zoning-based organic farming is very high. The study confirmed that the ecological aspect is the most influential in accepting zoning-based organic farming. Economic factors have a very strong influence on increasing farmers’ WTA zoning-based organic farming. This study also suggests that the implementation of zoning-based organic farming needs to be sustainably supported by the community.","PeriodicalId":45740,"journal":{"name":"Open Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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